United Kingdom Department Research Articles

Tissue-specific expression of putative domains of the mouse neuronal alpha-2 and delta genes of the voltage-gated calcium channel in rodent tissues.

Annals of the New York Academy of SciencesVolume 707, Issue 1 p. 472-475 Tissue-Specific Expression of Putative Domains of the Mouse Neuronal Alpha-2 and Delta Genes of the Voltage-Gated Calcium Channel in Rodent Tissuesa A. S. WIERZBICKI, Corresponding Author A. S. WIERZBICKI Neurosciences Group Institute of Molecular Medicine John Radcliffe Hospital Oxford OX3 9DU United Kingdom Department of Chemical Pathology Charing Cross and Westminster Medical School Chelsea and Westminster Hospital 369, Fulham Road London SW10 9NH, United KingdomAddress all correspondence to: Dr. A. S. Wierzbicki, Department of Chemical Pathology, Charing Cross and Westminster Medical School, Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, 369 Fulham Road, London SW10 9NH, UK.Search for more papers by this authorD. M. W. BEESON, D. M. W. BEESON Department of Chemical Pathology Charing Cross and Westminster Medical School Chelsea and Westminster Hospital 369, Fulham Road London SW10 9NH, United KingdomSearch for more papers by this authorB. LANG, B. LANG Neurosciences Group Institute of Molecular Medicine John Radcliffe Hospital Oxford OX3 9DU United KingdomSearch for more papers by this authorJ. NEWSOM-DAVIS, J. NEWSOM-DAVIS Neurosciences Group Institute of Molecular Medicine John Radcliffe Hospital Oxford OX3 9DU United KingdomSearch for more papers by this author A. S. WIERZBICKI, Corresponding Author A. S. WIERZBICKI Neurosciences Group Institute of Molecular Medicine John Radcliffe Hospital Oxford OX3 9DU United Kingdom Department of Chemical Pathology Charing Cross and Westminster Medical School Chelsea and Westminster Hospital 369, Fulham Road London SW10 9NH, United KingdomAddress all correspondence to: Dr. A. S. Wierzbicki, Department of Chemical Pathology, Charing Cross and Westminster Medical School, Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, 369 Fulham Road, London SW10 9NH, UK.Search for more papers by this authorD. M. W. BEESON, D. M. W. BEESON Department of Chemical Pathology Charing Cross and Westminster Medical School Chelsea and Westminster Hospital 369, Fulham Road London SW10 9NH, United KingdomSearch for more papers by this authorB. LANG, B. LANG Neurosciences Group Institute of Molecular Medicine John Radcliffe Hospital Oxford OX3 9DU United KingdomSearch for more papers by this authorJ. NEWSOM-DAVIS, J. NEWSOM-DAVIS Neurosciences Group Institute of Molecular Medicine John Radcliffe Hospital Oxford OX3 9DU United KingdomSearch for more papers by this author First published: December 1993 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1993.tb38101.x a A. S. Wierzbicki was supported by a Medical Research Council (UK) training fellowship. AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Volume707, Issue1Molecular Basis of Ion Channels and Receptors Involved in Nerve Excitation, Synaptic Transmission, and Muscle ContractionDecember 1993Pages 472-475 RelatedInformation

News

The World Health Organization (WHO), at a meeting in Geneva in November 1993, launched a campaign that will coordinate efforts of the pharmaceutical industry, academic research institutes, and drug regulatory bodies to find a vaginal antiviral agent that will either inactivate the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or prevent its attachment to vaginal cells, without harming the genital tract or killing sperm. Spermicides, such as nonoxynol 9, which kill HIV in test tubes may increase HIV transmission by harming the vaginal lining. However, this may be due to the carrier substance. Clinical research, using a protocol designed by the WHO and international regulatory authorities, will begin examining existing vaginal microbicides. Other candidates include sulphated polysaccharides and reverse transcriptase inhibitors. Included are comments by Dr. Michael Merson and Prof. Don Jefferies. The meeting was organized by the United Kingdom's Medical Research Council and Department of Health.

Fracture detection and groundwater flow characterization using He and Rn in soil gases, Manitoba, Canada

Surveys of the distribution and migration of He and Rn were carried out in the well-characterized granitic terrane of the AECL Underground Research Laboratory (URL), Manitoba as part of a joint AECL Research, United Kingdom Department of the Environment, and United States Department of Energy research initiative. The investigations were designed to determine whether concentrations of He and Rn in soil gases could be used to identify locations of groundwater recharge and discharge from bedrock fractures. The results obtained indicate that subsurface transport of He and possibly Rn in this setting appears to be controlled largely by the groundwater flow system in the bedrock. Release of dissolved gases near the ground surface causes soil gas anomalies, which reflect discharge from the deeper flow system. In the recharge area of the deep groundwater flow system at the URL site, He abundances are close to the atmospheric level, but the discharge area of the deep flow system is characterized by significant He anomalies (up to 0.5 ppm above atmosphere levels). For Rn, the recharge area has broadly distributed high concentrations, probably caused by local Rn production in U-rich overburden, while the discharge area has only localized concentrations of Rn, which are not at the same location as the He anomalies. The general nature of the groundwater flow regime in both areas is reflected in the presence and distribution of the soil gas anomalies. In addition, major fractures in bedrock, which act as preferential groundwater flow paths, have been located from soil gas anomalies, even when obscured by overburden of variable thickness and character. The distribution of He in soil gas appears to be most representative of groundwater recharge and discharge conditions in the granitic rock, while Rn may be useful for locating specific channels where more rapid groundwater discharge is occurring from deep fracture zones.

Archimedes as an Advertising Symbol

The Cover Design ARCHIMEDES AS AN ADVERTISING SYMBOL D.J. BRYDEN AND D.L. SIMMS The numbering of houses in the streets of London commenced during the latter half of the 18th century. Before that, traders relied on signs to identify their whereabouts. In the 1670s John Yarwell, sometime Master of the Worshipful Company of Spectacle Makers, adopted “Archimedes” as his business sign at premises in St. Paul’s Churchyard and from the 1690s in Ludgate Street. The sign was complemented by an attribute of the opticians’ trade, such as “Spec­ tacles” or “Golden Prospects.”1 Yarwell used the name and a sketch of Archimedes on his trade cards, handbills, and other advertisements. His earliest surviving ephemeron shows Archimedes viewing the heavens through a tele­ scope, clutching what may be a celestial globe in his right hand (fig. 1). All but two of his surviving trade cards used this sketch of Archimedes, but with different dates and associated graphics. For example, on adopting the sign “Archimedes and Three Golden Prospects,” he added three split-spectacle frames.2 Yarwell crossed swords with a younger rival, John Marshall, on a number of occasions, most sharply over Yarwell’s unfounded claim to Marshall’s invention of the new method of grinding lenses in batches.3 Marshall chose to trade from the “Archimedes and Spectacles in Ludgate Street, Near the West-End of St. Paul’s.” Later the “Specta­ cles” became “Golden,” and later still the number doubled. His graphics were more imaginative and elaborate than Yarwell’s. His last Mr. Bryden is keeper of the Department of Science, Technology and Working Life at the National Museums of Scotland in Edinburgh. Dr. Simms is retired from the United Kingdom Department of the Environment. 'A fuller account is given in D. J. Bryden and D. L. Simms, “Archimedes and the Opticians of London,” Bulletin of the Scientific Instrument Society (in press). The original is in the Pepys Collection, Magdalene College, Cambridge. We read the date as 1671; others prefer 1675. The exceptions are illustrated by R. S. Whipple, “John Yarwell, or the Story of a Trade Card,” Annals of Science 7 (1951): 62-69, plates 8 and 9. ’D.J. Bryden and D. L. Simms, “Spectacles Improved to Perfection and Approved of by the Royal Society,” Annals of Science 50, no. 1 (1993): 1-32.© 1993 by the Society for the History of Technology. All rights reserved. 0040-165X/93/3402-0005$01.00 387 388 D. J. Bryden and D. L. Simms Fig. 1.—An engraved graphic (outlined by Samuel Pepys), from a 1671 John Yarwell handbill. Set in opposing roundels at the foot of the frame are the letters Y/IM (derived from Yarwell’s name and the combination of his and his wife’s initials) and the date. At the head is a crown and beneath it the monogram ofCharles II. To left and right of the frame are the royal coat of arms and the arms ofthe City ofLondon, and in each corner are pairs of split spectacles. (Pepys Collection; courtesy of the Master and Fellows of Magdalene College, Cambridge.) surviving card is sumptuously engraved (fig. 2). An ornate border, surrounding blocks of text in English, French, and German, is decorated with a montage ofoptical instruments. Archimedes is at the head, more sharply drawn than in Yarwell’s material, flanked by figures of a man reading a book with the help of a large magnifier and a woman wearing a pair of bridge spectacles to aid her sewing. The Hanoverian arms surmounted by a crown mark Marshall’s appoint­ ment as optician to George I in or after 1715. His trade sign was then changed to “Archimedes and Kings Arms.” Yarwell might well have felt chagrin at Marshall’s tactics in appro­ priating the name “Archimedes,” which his advertising had made familiar to customers looking for spectacles and optical instruments. Ralph Sterrop, as Yarwell’s partner and successor, could legitimately claim the right. Sterrop and his successor Joseph Hurt retained the name, although Hurt (post-1736) changed the portrait. Ill ME UK THE 01 j)ES F S HOP ( SZ>////( ZZz/ZyZ/ZZZZ.ZZZzzZzV'/Z'( yZ'Z ''i H>ZtZ(///st...

Seismic structure of the Hatton–Rockall area: an integrated seismic/modelling study from composite datasets

During 1987–9 the United Kingdom Department of Energy recorded coincident seismic reflection, sonobuoy wide-angle reflection and refraction, and expanding spread refraction data across the Hatton–Rockall Plateau, lying within the continental margin to the west of Scotland. Some 780 km of deep multichannel seismic reflection data were used to define and control the structural model. The presence of Tertiary basalts throughout the area gives rise to severe attenuation of incident energy and substantial velocity inhomogeneities. Information from 53 sonobuoys and 5 reversed expanding spread profiles recorded along the lines allow independent determination of velocity structure. An integrated model is constructed layer by layer from the surface down to Moho. Using information gained from these integrated datasets, the velocity-depth structure of the area can be determined across the entire margin and imaging at depth beneath the basalts substantially improved. Deep, upper mantle reflections are clearly seen beneath Rockall Bank. Evidence of probable Tertiary inversion is seen in Hatton Basin. The main structure of Hatton Bank is fault controlled, and both highly tilted fault blocks and oceanward-dipping reflector sequences are observed. The presence of a two-layer continental crust is revealed, thinned within Rockall Trough and deepening to the east beneath the Hebridean Platform and the west below Hatton–Rockall Plateau.

Configuration management using SySL

article Free Access Share on Configuration management using SySL Authors: R. Thomson Department of Computing, University of Lancaster, Bailrigg, Lancaster, LA1 4YR, United Kingdom Department of Computing, University of Lancaster, Bailrigg, Lancaster, LA1 4YR, United KingdomView Profile , I. Sommerville Department of Computing, University of Lancaster, Bailrigg, Lancaster, LA1 4YR, United Kingdom Department of Computing, University of Lancaster, Bailrigg, Lancaster, LA1 4YR, United KingdomView Profile Authors Info & Claims ACM SIGSOFT Software Engineering NotesVolume 14Issue 7Nov. 1989 pp 106–109https://doi.org/10.1145/73337.73353Published:01 October 1989Publication History 4citation283DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations4Total Downloads283Last 12 Months8Last 6 weeks2 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my Alerts New Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF

“A Problem for Archimedes”

Communications “A PROBLEM FOR ARCHIMEDES” To the Editor: The expression ιτρόβλεμα Άρχίμήδιον, “a problem for Archi­ medes,” meaning something very difficult, appears to have been well enough understood in Cicero’s day for him to use it in two letters to Atticus without any explanation. That expression must have survived a thousand years in the Greco-Roman world, since the Byzantine writer Tzetzes, who did not claim direct acquaintance with Cicero, used something similar: “τών Άρχιμήδουζ μηχανών χπείαν έχω.” Lit­ erally, “I have need of the machines of Archimedes,” or more aptly, “I need to be as clever as Archimedes.” There does not seem to be an equivalent expression in any of the languages of Western Europe, although in American there are various expressions about the as­ tuteness of Philadelphia lawyers.1 On the first occasion that Cicero used the phrase, he was complain­ ing to Atticus that he had to give a funeral oration for Cato, one of Julius Caesar’s principal enemies, in the presence of Caesar himself. It was this task he described as “a problem for Archimedes.” Its second use occurred when he informed Atticus that he had resolved the problem. Cicero’s letters in between seem to confirm that he was having this difficulty: “What sort of thing Caesar’s invective against my panegyric will be I have seen from the book which Hirtios has sent me. He has collected all Cato’s faults, but given me high praise.”2 But was it that difficult a task? Plutarch gives a quite contrary impression. He claimed that Caesar had said: “Cato, I grudge you your death, as you have grudged me the preservation of your life.” If Plutarch’s record be correct, then producing a funeral oration could ‘M. T. Cicero, Letters to Atticus, trans. E. D. Windstech (London, 1967), 3:8 (12.15); 166 (13.28). Curiously, the First translation is “a problem for a Philadelphia lawyer” and the second “an insoluble problem.” l'he nearest equivalent is possibly Dr. Johnson’s retort to someone's comment that plaving a certain passage on the violin was difficult: “Difficult, do you call it, sir? I wish it were impossible” (anecdotes bv William Seward, The Penguin Dictionary ofQuotations, comp. J. M. Cohen and M. |. Cohen f London, 1960], p. 211); T. L. Heath. Works ofArchimedes (1897; reprint, New York, 1953), p. xxii (Tzetzes, Chil. 12.270). Heath has no reference to Cicero. -Atticus, p. 83 (12.40). There are other references of a similar kind about Caesar’s critical attitude to Cato in the letters. Permission to reprint a communication in this section may be obtained only from the author. 177 178 D. L. Simms not have been that difficult, since Cicero would have been able to find plenty of words to praise Cato on his principles and Caesar for his proposed clemency. However, if Caesar had spoken those words as Plutarch reported, it is likely that Atticus would have known of them and quoted them back at Cicero. On the whole, Cicero is more likely to be expressing his dilemma accurately than Plutarch’s much later anecdote suggests. He did have “a problem for Archimedes.”3 D. L. Simms Dr. Simms is retired from the United Kingdom Department of the Environment . He thanks George Engle for helpful advice. •‘‘Plutarch's Lives, Dryden's ed., rev. with introduction bv A. H. Clough (London, 19 10; reprint, 1939), 3:82. ...

An evaluation of the UK government health education campaign on AIDS

Abstract In the absence of an effective treatment for HI V the only means of containing its spread is through changes in behaviour. Health education is a key route for achieving this. To be effective, a health education campaign must result in behaviour change. The United Kingdom Department of Health and Social Security has attempted to address these needs in a recent health education campaign, which took the form of whole page newspaper advertisements in the national press. Groups of higher and lower risk subjects were questioned before and after the campaign. The desire for information was high and the vast majority of respondents named the medical profession as the desired source to turn to. 31.1% of the lower risk group and 50% of the higher risk group noticed and read the campaign. Information scores were slightly increased but the campaign had no effect on adjusting misconceptions and anxiety was not lowered. Attitudes and behaviour were unaltered. These results are discussed in the light of a conte...

A new ultrasound annotation and report card system.

Journal of Clinical UltrasoundVolume 15, Issue 1 p. 71-73 Technical Note A new ultrasound annotation and report card system Robert N. Gibson FRACR, Corresponding Author Robert N. Gibson FRACR Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Royal Postgraduate Medical School, Hammersmith Hospital, London W12 OHS United KingdomDepartment of Radiology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville 3050 Victoria, AustraliaSearch for more papers by this authorI. Peter Hicks FRCR, I. Peter Hicks FRCR Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Royal Postgraduate Medical School, Hammersmith Hospital, London W12 OHS United KingdomSearch for more papers by this author Robert N. Gibson FRACR, Corresponding Author Robert N. Gibson FRACR Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Royal Postgraduate Medical School, Hammersmith Hospital, London W12 OHS United KingdomDepartment of Radiology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville 3050 Victoria, AustraliaSearch for more papers by this authorI. Peter Hicks FRCR, I. Peter Hicks FRCR Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Royal Postgraduate Medical School, Hammersmith Hospital, London W12 OHS United KingdomSearch for more papers by this author First published: January 1987 https://doi.org/10.1002/jcu.1870150115AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Volume15, Issue1January 1987Pages 71-73 RelatedInformation

Epithelial expression of HLA class II molecules: a new pathogenic factor in organ-specific autoimmunity.

Acta Medica ScandinavicaVolume 221, Issue S715 p. 79-83 Free Access Epithelial Expression of HLA Class II Molecules: A New Pathogenic Factor in Organ-Specific Autoimmunity G. F. BOTTAZZO, Corresponding Author G. F. BOTTAZZO Department of Immunology, the Middlesex Hospital Medical School, London, United KingdomDepartment of Immunology, Arthur Stanley House, The Middlesex Hospital Medical School, 40–50 Tottenham Street, London W1P 9PG, UKSearch for more papers by this authorI. TODD, I. TODD Department of Immunology, the Middlesex Hospital Medical School, London, United KingdomSearch for more papers by this authorA. BELFIORE, A. BELFIORE Department of Immunology, the Middlesex Hospital Medical School, London, United KingdomSearch for more papers by this authorR. PUJOL-BORRELL, R. PUJOL-BORRELL Department of Immunology, the Middlesex Hospital Medical School, London, United KingdomSearch for more papers by this author G. F. BOTTAZZO, Corresponding Author G. F. BOTTAZZO Department of Immunology, the Middlesex Hospital Medical School, London, United KingdomDepartment of Immunology, Arthur Stanley House, The Middlesex Hospital Medical School, 40–50 Tottenham Street, London W1P 9PG, UKSearch for more papers by this authorI. TODD, I. TODD Department of Immunology, the Middlesex Hospital Medical School, London, United KingdomSearch for more papers by this authorA. BELFIORE, A. BELFIORE Department of Immunology, the Middlesex Hospital Medical School, London, United KingdomSearch for more papers by this authorR. PUJOL-BORRELL, R. PUJOL-BORRELL Department of Immunology, the Middlesex Hospital Medical School, London, United KingdomSearch for more papers by this author First published: January/December 1987 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0954-6820.1987.tb09906.xAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Volume221, IssueS715January/December 1987Pages 79-83 ReferencesRelatedInformation

Reply

Journal of the American Ceramic SocietyVolume 69, Issue 3 p. C‐58-C‐60 Reply T. F. Page, T. F. Page Department of Metallurgy and Materials Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, United Kingdom Member, the American Ceramic Society.Search for more papers by this authorJ. T. Czernuszka, J. T. Czernuszka Department of Metallurgy and Materials Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, United Kingdom Department of Metallurgy and Science of Materials, University of Oxford, Oxford 0X1 3PH, United Kingdom.Search for more papers by this author T. F. Page, T. F. Page Department of Metallurgy and Materials Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, United Kingdom Member, the American Ceramic Society.Search for more papers by this authorJ. T. Czernuszka, J. T. Czernuszka Department of Metallurgy and Materials Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, United Kingdom Department of Metallurgy and Science of Materials, University of Oxford, Oxford 0X1 3PH, United Kingdom.Search for more papers by this author First published: March 1986 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1986.tb07440.x Contributing Editor—W. J. Smothers AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume69, Issue3March 1986Pages C‐58-C‐60 RelatedInformation

A CLASSIFICATION AS A SOURCE FOR A THESAURUS: THE BIBLIOGRAPHIC CLASSIFICATION OF H. E. BLISS AS A SOURCE OF THESAURUS TERMS AND STRUCTURE

The second edition of the Bibliographic Classification of H. E. Bliss (BC2), being prepared under the editorship of Jack Mills, Vanda Broughton and others, is a rich source of structure and terminology for thesauri covering different subject fields. The new edition employs facet analysis and is thesaurus‐compatible. A number of facet‐based thesauri have drawn upon Bliss for terms and relationships. In two of these thesauri the Bliss Classification was the source of both systematic and alphabetical displays. The DHSS‐DATA thesaurus, published by the United Kingdom Department of Health and Social Security, provides controlled terms and Bliss class numbers for indexing and searching the DHSS‐DATA database. The ECOT thesaurus (Educational courses and occupations thesaurus) prepared for the Department of Education and Science, uses the software designed for the British Standards Institution ROOT thesaurus to generate an alphabetical display from the systematic display derived from the Bliss schedules. Problems, benefits, and future prospects of Bliss‐based thesaurus construction are discussed.

The use of bicomponent fabrics for bonding polypropylene sockets in prostheses.

A technique has been established for bonding polypropylene sockets to the structural components of prostheses based on the use of bicomponent knitted fabrics which adhere to the surface of polypropylene sockets during thermoforming. The strength of adhesion of fabric bonded polypropylene with polyester resin based microballoon for instance is increased by more than 10 times relative to uncoated polypropylene. This procedure has been approved by the United Kingdom Department of Health for incorporating polypropylene sockets in conventional, laminated plastic patellar tendon bearing (PTB) prostheses. The bonding technique described should find general application for bonding polypropylene during the manufacture of both prosthetic and orthotic devices.

Leachate Attenuation in the Unsaturated Zone Beneath Landfills: Instrumentation and Monitoring of a Site in Southern England

Unlike a number of other countries, where legislation requires that all landfills are lined with impermeable materials, in the United Kingdom great reliance is placed upon the attenuation of contaminants which occurs as leachate seeps through intergranular unsaturated zones beneath sites. Much research has been reported which supports this view, although in recent years the effectiveness and reliability of these processes has been the subject of much debate. This paper describes, and presents results from, a major research investigation which has been funded by the United Kingdom Department of the Environment at a site in Southern England where the landfill design has incorporated an engineered, semi-permeable attenuation blanket, using locally available calcareous sands and silt, which have been emplaced to a minimum depth of 6 m above the water table. Installation of over 100 sampling and monitoring instruments within this unsaturated zone before waste disposal began in June 1982 has made it possible to obtain water samples from the saturated and unsaturated zones, gas samples from the unsaturated zone, and to measure soil water pressure, electrical conductivity, and temperature in situ, at 3 monthly intervals since this date, to allow movement and attenuation of decomposition products of solid wastes to be monitored.

Water-Driven Saws, Ausonius, and the Authenticity of the Mosella

DR. SIMMS, a member of the United Kingdom Department of Environment, is concerned with the development of environmental protection policies within the United Kingdom and the European community. He is indebted to Miss Jane Bishop for reading the manuscript critically and to Professor Lynn White, jr., for his helpful suggestions. He wishes also to thank Professor Stanley Bowie of Strathclyde University for being kind enough to reminisce about Dr. C. N. Bromehead, Mr. Alan Archer and his colleagues of the Institute of Geological Sciences, London, for discussing the geology of Trier, and Mr. Lollick Holze for information on the use of Trier slate for billiard tables. 'Ausonius, trans. H. G. Evelyn White, 2 vols. (London, 1919), 1:253, bk. 10, Mosella, lines 361-64. For the dating, see l:xvii, 1:223. 2C. N. Bromehead, Mining and Qua-rrying in the Seventeenth Century, inA History /f Technology, ed. Charles Singer, E.J. Holmyard, A. R. Hall, and Trevor I. Williams (Oxford, 1956), 2:1-40, esp. 31; R. J. Forbes, Power, ibid., 2:589-622, esp. 600, 608. A. '. Usher, A History of Mechanical Inventions (Cambridge, Mass., 1929; rev. ed. 1954),

Inequalities in health. The Black Report: a summary and comment.

In August 1980 the United Kingdom Department of Health and Social Security published the Report of the Working Group on Inequalities in Health, also known as the Black Report (after chairman Sir Douglas Black, President of the Royal College of Physicians). The Report showed in great detail the extent of which ill-health and death are unequally distributed among the population of Britain, and suggested that these inequalities have been widening rather than diminishing since the establishment of the National Health Service in 1948. The Report concluded that these inequalities were not mainly attributable to failings in the NHS, but rather to many other social inequalities influencing health: income, education, housing, diet, employment, and conditions of work. In consequence, the Report recommended a wide strategy of social policy measures to combat inequalities in health. These findings and recommendations were virtually disowned by the then Secretary of State for Social Services, very few copies of the Report were printed, and few people had the opportunity to read it. The Black Report is an important document that deserves wide attention and debate. This summary and comment is intended to give greater access to its evidence, arguments, conclusions, and recommendations.

Noise control for offshore drilling facility

A detail noise survey was conducted on a large offshore oil rig with three drilling machines. The coherence function technique was used to identify noise sources in the equipment rooms, the control room, the radio room, the offices and the crew's living quarters. It was found that the major noise sources were diesel engine generators, mud pumps, air conditioners, ventilation systems, etc. The structure‐borne noises which were generated by engine generators and air conditioners propagated into the control room, the radio room, the offices and the living quarters through steel structures. Because this offshore facility will be operated in the North Sea, the noise levels should comply with the United Kingdom Department of Energy Guidance. Noise control recommendations were provided for the above mentioned areas and the work place on the drilling floor where the noise levels exceeded the criteria specified in the UK DOE's Guidance. The recommendation included the installation of vibration isolaters and silencers for the noise sources. These were successfully implemented. Acoustical treatments of a few special areas were suggested for further noise reduction.

Spatial Implications of The Journey To School: A Review And Case Study

Spatial Implications of The Journey To School: A Review And Case Study

Techniques for the investigation of road traffic noise in regions of restricted flow by the use of digital computer simulation methods

Computer methods of calculating and predicting the noise from road traffic operating in restricted flow conditions are discussed. A method of calculating the noise from road traffic as a function of the manoeuvring parameters by means of a Monte Carlo digital computer simulation model is briefly described. The model is used in deriving correction contours for single streams of traffic which enable free flow L 10 levels to be modified to allow for a flow restriction. Flow restrictions of the type encountered at traffic signals, priority intersections and pelican crossings are considered. The contours cover a stretch of road 600 m long and a distance of 60 m from the kerb line and in general show a reduction in L 10 level in transferring from the free to the restricted flow situation. A method of applying the contours as a modification of the United Kingdom Department of the Environment prediction method for L 10 is proposed and compared with experimental results. Computer simulation models of complete road intersections are discussed. Two types of intersection controls are considered, the traffic signal control and the roundabout. The results of the two types of simulation are compared and the L 10 level adjacent to the accelerating traffic streams is generally found to be greater than that adjacent to decelerating streams. Experimental results for both types of intersection are compared with simulation runs in which the observed traffic parameters are used.

A sensitive, specific, solid-phase enzymeimmunoassay for plasma progesterone.

A homologous enzymeimmunoassay (EIA) for plasma progesterone, using a horseradish peroxidase conjugate as enzyme label and an antiserum raised against a progesterone-11 kappa-hemisuccinyl/BSA conjugate, is described. The antiserum was covalently linked to microcrystalline cellulose to facilitate separation of bound and free steroid; this solid-phase antiserum was stable for at least nine months when stored at 4 degrees C. the freeze-dried enzyme label is also stable, having retained both enzymic and immunological activity for about four years. The EIA developed was specific and had the sensitivity (4.8 pg/tube) required for determining progesterone concentrations in in plasma samples collected at any time during the menstrual cycle. EIA of plasma samples provided results which were in good agreement with a well validated radioimmunoassay (RIA). The specificity and inter- and intra-assay coefficients of variation in the EIA were strictly comparable with those of the RIA. The method described has been in use for two years and has been assessed in external quality assurance programme established by the World Health organization and the United Kingdom Department of Health and Social Security.