Unique Reflections Research Articles

Իրավունքի հնարավորությունից իրականություն վերածման կառուցակարգը իրավահասկացողության հիմնական տիպերի համայնապատկերում / The Mechanism of Transforming Law from Possibility into Reality within the Framework of the Main Types of Legal Understanding

The elucidation and understanding of the mechanism of transforming law from possibility into reality are largely determined by legal understanding. Therefore, the author considers it necessary to comprehensively analyze and interpret this mechanism within the framework of the main concepts (approaches) of legal understanding. In particular, the discussed mechanism is examined from the standpoint of two main types of legal understanding: first, the legalistic-normative type, and then the jural type. During the analysis from the standpoint of jural understanding, the stages of the mechanism of the transformation of law from possibility into reality are presented in detail, where "objective" law serves as the criterion for law. The author also analyzes the unique reflection of this mechanism in Hegel’s “Philosophy of Law”. Essentially, based on the positions of the integral approach to legal understanding, this mechanism is revealed through the method of ascending philosophical categories from the abstract to the concrete. According to the conclusion presented in the article, the mechanism of the transformation of law from possibility into reality has a complex, multifaceted, multistage and changeable nature, the elucidation of which undoubtedly depends on legal understanding. Regressive and outdated are all those approaches that, based on formal, legalistic - normative understanding of law, view the discussed mechanism only in a narrow sense - as the implementation of officially acting positive law in public legal relations through state coercion. These approaches are being replaced by concepts based on the differences between law and legislation, which, on the basis of the jural (also mixed) type of legal understanding, analyze the discussed mechanism in a broader sense, from a philosophical standpoint, taking into account the essence of law, the objective requirements of law, the active role of legal subjects, etc. From the methodological perspective of this legal understanding, the examined mechanism acquires new content, which, according to the author, is essential for resolving the issue of transforming law from possibility into reality.

APiS (AI powered intelligence spectrum analyser): hyperspectral imaging machine learning analyser app for mineral processing

ABSTRACT Hyperspectral data, encompassing hundreds of spectral wavelengths, is a powerful tool for mineral processing, as minerals display unique reflection spectra. Machine learning can identify mineral species from hyperspectral data, but its high dimensionality poses challenges for ordinary users. To address this, we developed APiS (AI Powered intelligence Spectrum Analyser), an interactive hyperspectral analysis application requiring no coding. APiS offers a user-friendly interface for data visualisation, learning data generation, advanced machine learning analysis, and model evaluation. This App surpasses previous script-based methods, enabling diverse users in geometallurgy to conduct sophisticated hyperspectral data analysis and fostering creativity in their work.

Ternary gallide Zr7Pd7–xGa3+x (0 ≤ x ≤ 1.8): Synthesis, crystal and electronic structures

The new ternary compound Zr7Pd7-xGa3+x (0 ≤ x ≤ 1.8) was synthesized by arc melting the elements under argon and subsequent annealing the ingots at 870 K for 720 h. The polycrystalline samples were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and the crystal structure of the compound was determined from single crystal X-ray diffraction data. Zr7Pd7Ga3 crystallizes with a ternary version of the Zr7Ni10 type of structure exhibiting statistical mixtures of palladium and gallium atoms on three crystallographically independent nickel sites (oS68, Cmce, a = 12.997(3), b = 9.623(2), c = 9.630(2) Ǻ, Z = 4, R1 = 0.033, wR2 = 0.067 for 719 unique reflections with Io> 2σ(Io) and 48 refined parameters). The crystal structure of Zr7Pd7Ga3 is represented by a 3D Pd–Ga framework built of sinusoidal layers of Pd and Ga stacking along the b axis sandwiching the Zr atoms. The homogeneity range of the compound Zr7Pd7–xGa3+x has been refined from powder XRD and EDX data: 0 ≤ x ≤ 1.8; variation of the lattice parameters is the following: a = 13.0174(8)–12.904(3), b = 9.6306(8)–9.559(8), c = 9.6348(8)–9.700(5) Å. Electronic structure calculations have been performed for an idealized model Zr7Pd10 as well as a model compound Zr7Pd6.5Ga3.5 revealing that the Ga-free Zr7Pd10 is significantly destabilized by strong Pd–Pd anti-bonding interactions. Substitution of Pd by Ga reduces those, stabilizing Zr7(Pd,Ga)10 which features strong heteroatomic bonding between Zr and the Pd/Ga substructure, putting it into the class of polar intermetallics.

Thermal-Mechanical Coupling Performance of Heat-Resistant, High-Strength and Printable Al-Si Alloy Antisymmetric Lattice Structure.

The unsatisfactory mechanical performance at high temperatures limits the broad application of 3D-printed aluminum alloy structures in extreme environments. This study investigates the mechanical behavior of 4 different lattice cell structures in high-temperature environments using AlSi12Fe2.5Ni3Mn4, a newly developed, heat-resistant, high-strength, and printable alloy. A novel Antisymmetric anti-Buckling Lattice Cell (ASLC-B) based on a unique rotation reflection multistage design is developed. Micro-CT (Computed Tomography)and SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) analyses revealed a smooth surface and dense interior with an average porosity of less than 0.454%. Quasi-static compression tests at 25, 100, and 200°C showed that ASLC-B outperformed the other 3 lattice types in load-bearing capacity, energy absorption, and heat transfer efficiency. Specifically, the ASLC-B demonstrated a 51.56% and 44.14% increase in compression load-bearing capacity at 100 and 200°C compared to ASLC-B(AlSi10Mg), highlighting its excellent high-temperature mechanical properties. A numerical model based on the Johnson-Cook constitutive relationship revealed the damage failure mechanisms, showing ASLC-B's effectiveness in preventing buckling, enhancing load-transfer efficiency, and reducing stress concentrations. This study emphasizes the importance of improving energy absorption and mechanical performance for structural optimization in extreme conditions. The ASLC-B design offers significant advancements in maintaining structural integrity and performance under high temperatures.

Morocco's Webinars Ignite Global Academic Resilience in Doctoral Research

General Background: The COVID-19 pandemic triggered significant disruptions in education worldwide, compelling a shift to online learning across various contexts, including in Morocco. Specific Background: In response to this challenge, the Faculty of Letters and Human Sciences at Mohammed V University in Rabat initiated the "Language, Culture, and Society" (LCS) webinar series. This program provided a virtual platform for doctoral students, aiming to sustain academic progress and emotional well-being during the crisis. Knowledge Gap: Despite the proliferation of online educational initiatives during the pandemic, there is limited research on how such programs specifically impact doctoral students' academic and psychological resilience. Aims: This article aims to explore the transformative role of the LCS webinar series in enhancing the academic journey and personal growth of doctoral students, particularly in alleviating challenges such as despair and reader's block. Results: The LCS webinars emerged as a crucial support mechanism, facilitating academic discourse, skill development, and psychological reinforcement. The program significantly contributed to restoring confidence, refining research trajectories, and fostering a culture of collaboration among an international online community. Novelty: This study provides a unique narrative reflection on the impact of a specific online educational program during a global crisis, emphasizing the dual academic and psychological support offered to doctoral students. Implications: The findings underscore the importance of online platforms in higher education, particularly in crisis contexts. The success of the LCS webinars suggests that similar initiatives could be replicated to support doctoral students globally, offering sustained academic and emotional support through accessible, high-quality online resources. Highlights: Webinar Impact: Enhanced academic progress and growth. Psychological Support: Overcame despair with emotional reinforcement. Global Collaboration: Fostered international scholarly connections. Keywords: COVID-19, online learning, doctoral students, webinars, academic resilience

On maximal dihedral reflection subgroups and generalized noncrossing partitions

In this note, we give a new proof of a result of Matthew Dyer stating that in an arbitrary Coxeter group W W , every pair t , t ′ t,t’ of distinct reflections lie in a unique maximal dihedral reflection subgroup of W W . Our proof only relies on the combinatorics of words, in particular we do not use root systems at all. As an application, we deduce a new proof of a recent result of Delucchi-Paolini-Salvetti, stating that the poset [ 1 , c ] T [1,c]_T of generalized noncrossing partitions in any Coxeter group of rank 3 3 is a lattice. We achieve this by showing the more general statement that any interval of length 3 3 in the absolute order on an arbitrary Coxeter group is a lattice. This implies that the interval group attached to any interval [ 1 , w ] T [1,w]_T where w w is an element of an arbitrary Coxeter group with ℓ T ( w ) = 3 \ell _T(w)=3 is a quasi-Garside group.

Synthesis and properties of chiral liquid crystal copolymers with tunable circularly polarized luminescence

Chiral liquid crystals have received widespread attention due to their unique advantages in improving circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) properties. However, how to achieve the emission and modulation of CPL for chiral liquid crystals within intrinsic polymer-based materials through a simple strategy remains a challenge. This article proposes a simple and feasible method to synthesize CPL chiral liquid crystals and manipulate their properties by copolymerizing chiral liquid crystal monomer with luminescent monomer. A series of intrinsic chiral luminescent liquid crystal copolymers C*(x)-Py(y) with tunable CPL performance were synthesized by copolymerizing chiral liquid crystal monomer MA6C* with pyrene-based luminescent monomer MC6Py in varying ratios. The effective control of the chiral liquid crystal phase structure and CPL performance of the copolymers C*(x)-Py(y) can be achieved by altering the composition of copolymers. In the copolymers, the CPL signal is generated due to the helix induction of pyrene chromophores by the chiral liquid crystals, and the CPL signal can be inverted and amplified by the unique selective reflection properties of chiral liquid crystals. For copolymer C*(0.75)-Py(0.25), the luminescence dissymmetry factor value and solid-state fluorescence quantum yield can reach −0.052 and 43.12%, respectively.

Advances in Automated Pigment Mapping for 15th-Century Manuscript Illuminations Using 1-D Convolutional Neural Networks and Hyperspectral Reflectance Image Cubes

Reflectance imaging spectroscopy (RIS) is invaluable in mapping and identifying artists’ materials in paintings. The analysis of the RIS image cube first involves classifying the cube into spatial regions, each having a unique reflectance spectrum (endmember). Second, endmember spectra are analyzed for spectral features useful to identify the pigments present to create labeled classes. The analysis process for paintings remains semi-automated because of the complex diffuse reflectance spectra due to the use of intimate pigment mixtures and optically thin paint layers by the artist. As a result, even when a group of related paintings are analyzed, each RIS cube is analyzed individually, which is time consuming. There is a need for new approaches to more efficiently analyze RIS cubes of related paintings to address the growing interest in the study of related paintings within a group of artists or artistic schools. This work builds upon prior investigations of 1-D spectral convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to address this need in two ways. First, an expanded training set was used—ten illuminated manuscripts created by artists stylistically grouped under the notname “Master of the Cypresses” (15th century Seville, Spain). Second, two 1-D CNN models were trained from the RIS cubes: reflectance and the first derivative. The results showed that the first derivative-trained CNN generally performed better than the reflectance-trained CNN in creating accurate labeled material maps for these illuminated manuscripts.

Contextualizing Polarimetric Retrievals of Boundary Layer Height Using State-of-the-Art Boundary Layer Profiling

Abstract Knowledge about the depth of the planetary boundary layer (PBL) is crucial for a variety of applications, but direct observations of PBL depth are spatiotemporally sparse. Recent studies have proposed using operational dual-polarization weather radars to observe the evolution of PBL depth by capitalizing on unique differential reflectivity (ZDR) signatures of Bragg scatter at the top of the PBL. While this approach appears promising and cost-effective, uncertainties remain about the representativeness of these estimates and how its efficacy may vary by geography and climatology. To address these outstanding uncertainties, this study compares collocated observations collected from two WSR-88D radars and two state-of-the-art mobile boundary layer profiling systems and evaluates the proposed methodology over the full diurnal cycle. Results indicate good overall correspondence between the profiling- and radar-based PBL depth estimates, with an abrupt divergence during the early evening transition and large discrepancies overnight. Relatively large root-mean-square-deviations (RMSDs) coupled with small biases match expectations when comparing spatially averaged data with point observations during PBL growth, which capture frequent fluctuations. A qualitative examination of the radar data reveals signatures of elevated residual layers, clouds, and ground clutter, all of which can obfuscate the desired surface-based PBL signal but which may have their own utility. The prominence of the Bragg scatter signal is found to be correlated with the observed moisture gradient at the top of the PBL, reflecting climatological variability that should be considered. These findings motivate further work to improve the automated detection of Bragg scatter layers from polarimetric radar data. Significance Statement Knowledge of the height of the planetary boundary layer matters for weather forecasting, air quality, and renewable energy production. Currently, boundary layer height measurements are taken at select locations twice a day. However, a method to use the existing national network of polarimetric weather radars for this purpose has been proposed. This work evaluates this method against specialized boundary layer measurements. The results show that the method is generally reliable during the daytime and could be used for a variety of applications including climatologies and model evaluation. There remain a number of situational caveats, including residual turbulence, clouds/precipitation, ground clutter, and certain meteorological environments, that may require modification of the approach and need to be considered in future work.

Zvěstovite-(Fe), Ag6(Ag4Fe2)As4S13, a new member of the tetrahedrite group from the Ulatayskoe Ag–Cu–Co occurrence, eastern Siberia, Russia

Abstract. The new mineral zvěstovite-(Fe), ideally Ag6(Ag4Fe2)As4S13, has been found in the small abandoned Ulatayskoe Ag–Cu–Co occurrence, Ovyurskiy District, Tuva Republic, eastern Siberia, Russia. It occurs as anhedral grains, up to 1 × 0.4 mm in size but usually much smaller, closely intergrown with native silver, in Mg-bearing siderite–quartz gangue. Other associated minerals include acanthite, cobaltite, As-rich members of the tetrahedrite group (kenoargentotennantite-(Fe), tennantite-(Zn), zvěstovite-(Zn)), gersdorffite, jalpaite, krutovite, löllingite, pearceite, safflorite, skutterudite, Br-bearing chlorargyrite, malachite, and muscovite. Zvěstovite-(Fe) is iron black and opaque and has a black streak and metallic lustre. It is brittle and has a conchoidal fracture. No cleavage or parting is observed. The Vickers micro-indentation hardness (Vickers hardness number, VHN; 25 g load) is 169 kg mm−2 (range of 149–187 kg mm−2, n=4), corresponding to a Mohs hardness of 3–3.5. The calculated density is 4.979 g cm−3. In reflected light, zvěstovite-(Fe) is light grey with a greenish tint and isotropic. Internal reflections are ubiquitous and deep red in colour. The reflectance values for wavelengths recommended by the Commission on Ore Mineralogy of the International Mineralogical Association are (R, %): 32.5 (470 nm), 31.1 (546 nm), 30.1 (589 nm), and 28.8 (650 nm). The chemical composition (wt %, electron microprobe data, mean of eight spot analyses) is as follows: Cu 1.81, Ag 56.02, Fe 4.60, Zn 0.01, As 13.85, Sb 2.63, S 21.50, total 100.42. The empirical formula, calculated on the basis of 16 atoms per formula unit, is Ag9.93Cu0.54Fe1.58As3.54Sb0.41S12.83. Zvěstovite-(Fe) is cubic and has a space group of I4‾3m, with a=10.8601(3), V=1280.86(11) Å3, and Z=2. The strongest lines of the X-ray powder diffraction pattern (d, Å (I, %) hkl) are 7.68 (11) 110, 3.136 (100) 222, 2.717 (12) 400, 1.984 (8) 521, 1.921 (23) 440, and 1.638 (11) 622. The crystal structure of zvěstovite-(Fe) was refined to R1=0.0551 for 400 unique reflections with Fo>4σ (Fo). The possible ordering of the split M(2) sites is discussed. The new mineral is the Fe isotype of zvěstovite-(Zn). Both these minerals form the zvěstovite series within the tetrahedrite group.

Zhonghongite, Cu29 (As, Sb)12S33, a new mineral from the high-sulfidation vein of Jiama porphyry system, Tibet, China

Abstract Zhonghongite (IMA2023-046), ideally Cu29(As, Sb)12S33, is a new mineral discovered in the high-sulfidation vein of the Jiama deposit (E 91°45′, N 29°42′), southern Tibet, China. It forms complex intergrowths with watanabeite and tennantite-tetrahedrite, creating veined or massive aggregates ranging from millimeters to centimeters in size. The single crystals of zhonghongite are anhedral grains, with sizes ranging from several micrometers to approximately 100 micrometers. The mineral is gray in color with a black streak and metallic luster. It is brittle, with uneven fractures, and has a calculated density of 4.925g/cm3. The average values of electron microprobe analyses (wt.%) are as follow: Cu 42.19, As 11.11, Sb 16.09, S 25.45, Hg 3.73, Mn 0.67, and Te 0.28. The empirical formula, based on 33 sulfur apfu, is (Cu27.60Hg0.77Mn0.51Fe0.07Ag0.02)Σ28.97(As6.16Sb5.49Te0.09)Σ11.74S33. In zhonghongite, the substitution of Sb for As is limited, with the atomic ratio of As/(As+Sb) ranging from 0.457 to 0.629. Hg, Mn, and Fe, together with minor Cu, are divalent and serve for charge balance. Zhonghongite is orthorhombic, space group F2mm (42), a = 10.37741(5) Å, b = 14.69821(9) Å, c = 36.7645(2) Å and V = 5607.66(5) Å3. The crystal structure has been solved and refined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction with a final R1 = 0.0235 for 27028 (2467 unique) reflections. It is composed of individual AsS3 tripyramids and clustered tripyramids As4S7, CuS4 tetrahedra and CuS3 planar triangles, connected through corner S atoms in tetrahedral coordination and octahedral coordination with Cu and/or As. The structure is a derivative of tetrahedrite-type structure. Zhonghongite was formed under high-temperature conditions and is classified as an intermediate-sulfidation state mineral.

Tunable spatial and angular spin splitting of reflected vortex-beam off hyperbolic metasurface

This paper investigated the spin splitting of the reflected beam with a vortex beam irradiating on a hyperbolic metasurface. This metasurface structure is the periodically rectangular-groove array on the surface of a hyperbolic crystal with the optical axis normal to its surface, where the array is a sub-wavelength biaxially hyperbolic grating with its periodical direction situated in the surface plane. Based on the hexagonal nitride boron crystal, we theoretically and numerically analyzed the spatial and angular spin splittings of the reflected beam, containing those produced by the transverse and longitudinal shifts. We found that the spatial shifts or spin splitting can be obtained in the first-order approximation of beam deflection, but the angular shifts can be described in the second-order approximation so that it enormously varies with the beam waist. Due to the hyperbolic anisotropy of the metasurface and the intrinsic orbital angular momentum in the incident beam, the expressions of spatial and angular shifts are effectively modified, and a unique double reflection effect occurs on the surface. Near certain reflective intensity distribution singularities, extremely asymmetrical spin splitting can be observed. These shifts and spin splitting can be tuned by varying the orientation of the incident plane and the angle of incidence.

"KLAVKA", "YURA", "LARA" BY MARYNA HRYMYCH: FAMILY TRILOGY

The article explores the peculiarity of literary interpretation of the Soviet past in the family trilogy by Maryna Hrymych. The author navigates through time, from post-war Kyiv to the late 1980s. Hrymych creates a unique three-dimensional reflection (the story of three generations) intertwining it with her own experiences and personal reckonings with the past. Attentive to details at the level of toponims (Kyiv, taiga, Crimea, Chernobyl) and everyday life, the author shifts the focus from the collective to the individual stuff stripping the past of monumentality and infusing it with intimacy. Her protagonists attempt to adapt to life in a totalitarian state (Klavka and Yura) or reclaim lost national identity (Lara). In the novel "Klavka," the author delves into the literary scene of 1940s post-war Kyiv focusing on the character of Klavka, the secretary of the Writers' Union of Ukraine. Klavka finds herself at the center of the events of 1947 including the Plenum where the names of Ukrainian writers Maxim Rylskyi and Yurii Yanovskyi were denounced. Hrymych intertwines the stories of artists (the Writers' Union, the ROLIT house, Irpin dachas) with the story of a young woman seeking her place in the world. The next novel, "Yura," is set in 1968, a pivotal time for the Soviet totalitarian state (Khrushchev Thaw gives way to the repressions of the 1970s). Klavka and the following generation of the youth are depicted as adherents of the Soviet world, conformists who adapt to and feel secure as well as fully-fledged in the reality around them. The trilogy concludes with the novel "Lara," unfolding in four locations: the taiga in the northern Tomsk region (1986), Kyiv and Crimea (1987) and Chernobyl (1988). Hrymych intertwines the stories of two nations – Ukrainians and Crimean Tatars – forced to share not only one territory but also a fate in the totalitarian Russian world. While the older generation (Klavka and her son Yura) may settle for culinary reconciliation (Uzbek plov and chebureks), the third generation (Lara) finds conformity in decisions and the substitution of concepts unacceptable. The main heroine not only reflects on history (both general and individual one) but also demands self-definition ("Not Lara – Diliara").

Tetrahedrite-(Cu), Cu12Sb4S13, from Bankov near Košice, Slovak Republic: a new member of the tetrahedrite group

AbstractTetrahedrite-(Cu), Cu12Sb4S13, has been approved as a new mineral species (IMA2022–078) from the Bankov magnesite deposit near Košice, Slovak Republic where it occurs as anhedral grains, up to 0.4 mm across, associated with skinnerite, chalcostibite, famatinite, tetrahedrite-(Fe) and zoned aggregates of tennantite-(Cu) to tennantite-(Fe). Tetrahedrite-(Cu) is steel-grey, with a metallic lustre. Mohs hardness is ca. 3½–4 and calculated density is 5.029 g.cm–3. In reflected light, tetrahedrite-(Cu) is isotropic and grey with a bluish shade. Reflectance data for the four COM wavelengths in air are [λ (nm): R (%)]: 470: 31.1; 546: 30.1; 589: 29.9; and 650: 28.1. The empirical formula, based on electron-microprobe data (mean of 17 spot analyses), is Cu11.42Zn0.26Fe0.19(Sb4.06As0.08)Σ4.14S12.99. The ideal formula is Cu6(Cu4Cu2)Sb4S13, which requires (in wt.%) Cu 45.76, Sb 29.23 and S 25.01, total 100.00. Tetrahedrite-(Cu) is cubic, I$\bar{4}$3m, with unit-cell parameters a = 10.3296(15) Å, V = 1102.2(5) Å3 and Z = 2. Its crystal structure was refined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction data to a final R1 = 0.0347 on the basis of 261 unique reflections with Fo > 4σ(Fo) and 22 refined parameters. Tetrahedrite-(Cu) is isotypic with other tetrahedrite-group minerals. Previous findings of tetrahedrite-(Cu) are reported and some nomenclature issues, related to the Fe and Cu oxidation states, are discussed. At the Bankov deposit, tetrahedrite-(Cu) is related to hydrothermal, most probably Alpine, solutions strongly enriched in Cu, Sb and S.

Optical characterization of a fiber Fabry-Perot cavity: precision measurement of intra-cavity loss, transmittance, and reflectance

We propose and demonstrate a method for characterizing the individual mirror parameters of a fiber Fabry–Perot cavity (FFPC). By measuring the reflection and transmission spectra of the FFPC with an incident laser propagating from the two mirrors of the FFPC and considering several normal or unique losses, the transmittance, reflectance, and intra-cavity loss of the individual mirrors can be determined. Due to the intrinsic limitation of cavity length, traditional powerful methods, such as the cavity ring-down technique, are not applicable to FFPCs for characterizing the parameters of individual mirrors. This scheme provides a dependable method for assessing FFPC mirrors and provides a significant capability for the implementation of strong-coupling cavity quantum electrodynamics based on FFPCs.

The mineralogy of the historical Mochalin Log REE deposit, South Urals, Russia. Part V. Zilbermintsite-(La), (CaLa5)(Fe3+Al3Fe2+)[Si2O7][SiO4]5O(OH)3, a new mineral with ET2 type structure and a definition of the radekškodaite group

Abstract The new mineral zilbermintsite-(La), ideally (CaLa5)(Fe3+Al3Fe2+)[Si2O7][SiO4]5O(OH)3, was found in a single polymineralic nodule from the Mochalin Log REE deposit, Chelyabinsk Oblast, South Urals, Russia. Zilbermintsite-(La) forms anhedral grains up to 0.65 × 0.20 mm at the contact of ferriperbøeite-(La), törnebohmite-(La) and ferriallanite-(Ce). Other associated minerals include bastnäsite-(La), biraite-(La), ferriallanite-(La), ferriperbøeite-(Ce), fluorbritholite-(Ce), monazite-(La), perbøeite-(La), percleveite-(Ce), percleveite-(La), perrierite-(Ce), perrierite-(La), thorianite, thorite and quartz. The new mineral is light brown, translucent in thin fragments with a vitreous lustre. It is brittle, with good {100} cleavage. Mohs hardness is ca. 6. Dcalc = 4.684 g cm–3. Optically, zilbermintsite-(La) is biaxial (+), α = 1.805(7), β = 1.812(7) and γ = 1.867(8) (589 nm); 2Vmeas = 40(15)° and 2Vcalc = 40°. The empirical formula based on O28(OH,F)3 apfu is (Ca0.94La2.56Ce2.18Nd0.20Pr0.10Th0.02)Σ6.00(Al2.96Fe3+0.90Fe2+0.64Mg0.34Mn0.13Ti0.03)Σ5.00Si7.00O28[(OH)2.42F0.58]. Zilbermintsite-(La) is monoclinic, P21/m; the unit-cell parameters are: a = 8.9605(5), b = 5.7295(2), c = 25.1033(13) Å, β = 116.616(7), V = 1152.21(12) Å3 and Z = 2. The crystal structure of zilbermintsite-(La) is solved from the single-crystal X-ray diffraction data [R = 0.0757 for 2857 unique reflections with I > 2σ(I)]. The new mineral is isotypic to radekškodaite-(La) and radekškodaite-(Ce) and together with them forms the newly defined radekškodaite group. All members of this group possess the ET2 type structure where one epidote-type module (E) regularly alternates with two törnebohmite-type modules (T). The new mineral honours Professor Veniamin A. Zilbermints (1887–1939) who was a pioneer of the study of the Mochalin Log deposit. The Levinson suffix-modifier -(La) indicates the predominance of La among rare-earth elements in the mineral.

The crystal structure of charmarite – the first case of a 11 × 11 Å superstructure mesh in layered double hydroxides

Abstract Charmarite, Mn4Al2(OH)12CO3⋅3H2O, is a hydrotalcite supergroup member (or layered double hydroxide, LDH) with a previously unknown crystal structure and a Mn2+-analogue of quintinite (commonly erroneously reported as ‘2:1 hydrotalcite’). The single-crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD) data were obtained from the specimen from Mont Saint-Hilaire, Québec, Canada and are best processed in the space group P $\bar{3}$ , a = 10.9630(4), c = 15.0732(5) Å and V = 1568.89(12) Å3. The crystal structure has been solved by direct methods and refined to R1 = 0.0750 for 3801 unique reflections with Fo > 2σ(Fo). The charmarite structure has long-range periodicity in the xy plane due to $2\sqrt 3$ a’ × $2\sqrt 3$ a’ scheme (or 11 × 11 Å) determined for LDHs for the first time (where a’ is a subcell parameter ≈ 3.2 Å). This periodicity is produced by the combination of two superstructures formed by: (1) Mn2+ and Al3+ ordering in the metal-hydroxide layers [Mn4Al2(OH)12]2+ according to the $\sqrt 3$ a’ × $\sqrt 3$ a’ pattern and (2) the (CO3)2– ordering according to the 2a’ × 2a’ pattern in the [CO3(H2O)3]2– interlayer sheet in order to avoid close contacts between adjacent carbonate groups. The $2\sqrt 3$ a’ × $2\sqrt 3$ a’ superstructure is an example of the adaptability of the components of the interlayer space to the charge distribution of the metal-hydroxyl layers. The Mn2+ and Al3+ cations have a large difference in size, which apparently leads to the considerable degree of their order as di- and trivalent cations resulting in a higher degree of statistical order of the interlayer components. Both powder and single-crystal XRD data show that the samples studied belong to the hexagonal branch of two-layer polytypes (2T or 2H) with d00n ≈ 7.57 Å. The chemical composition of the samples studied is close to the ideal formula. The Raman spectrum of charmarite is reported and the band assignment is provided.

Ronpetersonite,BaWO4, the Barium Analogue of Scheelite, a New Mineral from the Gun Occurrence in the Yukon, Canada

Abstract Ronpetersonite, BaWO4, is a new mineral from the Gun occurrence in the Yukon, Canada, where it is found in aggregates up to 500 µm in diameter in a groundmass comprised of witherite, cerchiaraite-(Al), and edingtonite. Grains of ronpetersonite are heavily included and anhedral. Crystals are colorless and transparent with a vitreous luster and white streak. Fracture and cleavage could not be determined. The calculated density is 6.363 g/cm3 based on the empirical formula. The empirical formula calculated on the basis of electron probe microanalysis (n = 11) is Ba1.00W1.00O4. Ronpetersonite is tetragonal, I41/a (space group 88), a = 5.6192(4) Å, b = 5.6192(4) Å, c = 12.7348(11) Å, α = 90.0(0)°, β = 90.0(0)°, γ = 90.0(0)°, V = 402.11(6) Å3, Z = 4. The crystal structure [R1 = 1.2% for 400 reflections with Fo > 4σ(Fo) and R1 = 1.8% for all 491 unique reflections] shows ronpetersonite to be the Ba-analogue of scheelite. The mineral is named in honor of Emeritus Professor Dr. Ronald C. Peterson of Queen’s University for his important contributions to mineralogy, especially the mineralogy of mine wastes, sulfate minerals, and the mineralogy of Mars.

When the future comes knocking: psychological perspectives on Artificial Intelligence / Cuando el futuro toca a la puerta: perspectivas psicológicas sobre la Inteligencia Artificial

The recent appearance and massive user adoption of ChatGPT and related technologies is rapidly turning AI from what to most people was once merely a distant concern based in theoretical speculation into one of the most pressing and significant developments we are facing as individuals and as a society. In order to better navigate the abrupt changes we are experiencing, we must consider the history and broader context of AI, as well as spur a dialogue that involves as wide an array of voices as possible. This special issue seeks to contribute by offering a platform to scholars in psychology and the social sciences from which to share their unique perspectives and reflections, so that they may enrich our understanding of this global, urgent and multi-faceted phenomenon.

The Human Services: Practitioners’ Experiences of the 1960s, 1970s, 1980s & 1990s

ABSTRACT This article draws on four social work practitioners’ and a sociologist’s reflections on the political environments that influenced Australian social work and the human services from the 1960s–1990s. Utilising collective and mixed autobiographical-ethnography with a purposive sample, we examined the social forces and politico-economic contexts that have shaped social work practice. We focused on the impact of feminism, First Nations activism, and the rise of neoliberalism on policy, legislation and professionalism. The article also traced the evolution of service provision in Australia through key moments in the professional experiences of four of the authors who practiced during these respective periods. It offers unique reflections on the political and human histories that have shaped this sector. The recollection of the racist and sexist attitudes that at times predominated and the associated progressive struggles illustrated the interplay between dominant ideologies and the human services. These reflections highlighted the messiness and dynamism of social work practice within the services and its embeddedness in the social constructs of the time. They remind colleagues of the political nature of their work and the need to embed practice wisdom in the literary record for the benefit of the profession and future workers. IMPLICATIONS Change and advocacy for social justice from the 1960s onwards have moulded, shaped and transformed the nature of social work practice. Recalling the history of social work and the lived experiences of practitioners enriches our understanding of practice during the 1960s, 1970s, 1980s and 1990s and can add to the historical record. It is relevant for all social workers to reflect on how contemporary social work practice has evolved alongside broader social and politico-economic trends.