Unique Formula Research Articles

Identification of crack width behavior of one-way reinforced concrete slab structure at different steel reinforcement area

An evaluation study of crack limit states based on design codes and prior research is presented in this publication. Its main goal is to connect research findings to common design codes. Researchers continue to face a difficult dilemma when it comes to reinforced concrete structure fractures, particularly in one-way slab constructions where there is still significant damage and corrosion in the reinforcement because of cracks. Practitioners will find it easier to construct these structures and solve the slab durability issue if the proper formula is discovered. One can overcome reinforced concrete. A method for estimating the maximum fracture width formula in one-way reinforced concrete slabs with varying steel areas is suggested based on this research. Slabs use a variety of steel areas, including 1000 mm2, 1200 mm2, and 1400 mm2.The test specimens are the same length of 2 meters and have a slab width of 0.6 meters with steel reinforcement. Findings from a literature review of research codes and prediction formulas from earlier studies, namely wmax(prop)=1.5*10-2fsAs-0.4, indicate that the maximum crack width is not significantly influenced by steel area (As). Overall, the findings from the two methods used in this analysis match the suggested formula and the observed experimental testing. This data indicates that the maximum fracture width has been greatly lowered by increasing the steel Area (As) of the reinforced concrete slab, leading to the determination of the experimental formula, As a result, a unique approximation formula has been developed to assess the impact of steel area parameters for pure slabs on the maximum crack width formula for one-way reinforced concrete slabs. This crack width formula is only applicable to one-way slabs in practice.

Social innovation for inclusion and sustainable development: a case study on BRAC institute of skills development (BISD)

PurposeThe paper aims to understand the stages of the social innovation process and how it can be used for sustainable development.Design/methodology/approachThis single case study used multiple sources, especially data from extensive field visits and selective in-depth interviews. Direct observation, web content analysis, journals, annual reports and news articles were also used.FindingsThe findings show that BRAC institute of skills development (BISD) adopted a unique formula for the social innovation process: problem identification, new idea, design prototype, pilot, perfect and scale up. This study also finds that BISD has a significant socio-economic impact in Bangladesh. The impacts of BISD are associated with several United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), including SDG 1 on poverty, SDG 4 on inclusive learning, SDG 5 on gender equality and women empowerment, SDG 8 on decent work and economic growth and SDG 16 on social inclusion.Practical implicationsThe discussions of this study ultimately pave a clear roadmap for policymakers, practitioners and academics to improve mechanisms for sustainable development through social innovations in emerging countries.Originality/valueThis paper provides a practical application of the social inclusive innovation process theory by which vocational training institutes can scale their sustainable impact. More knowledge is needed on how organisations can implement social innovation projects in emerging countries. This paper provides exploratory evidence to fill this gap. It demands a promising area of interest to investigate further research on the compatibility of social innovation in skills development programmes to gear up the status of an underprivileged community.

Research on damage assessment of buried pipelines with circular dent defects subjected to blast loading

In order to evaluate the damage characteristics of buried natural gas pipelines with circular dent defects subjected to blast loading, based on pressure–impulse damage theory, explosion experiment and numerical simulations were implemented to evaluate the damage of a natural gas with circular dent defects buried in soil under blast loading in this research. The ALE method was used to develop a coupled pipeline-soil simulation model using LS-DYNA software, and the validity of the established model was verified correctly compared with experimental results and empirical theory equations calculations. Furthermore, according to regulations in the Assessment and Management of Pipeline Dents (American Petroleum Institute Recommended Practice 1183), the effect with different circular dent defect diameter on the mechanical properties of natural gas was also investigated and analysed. The results showed that, under the blast loading, plastic deformation happened on the surfaces of the pipeline facing the explosive, and the high-stress zone appeared in the circumferential direction with 32.27°. The range of the high-stress zone firstly expanded along the axial direction of the pipelines and then along the circumferential direction. The larger diameter of the circular dent defects had, which resulted in a failure at the defects under the condition of the depth of the defects keeping constant. The effect of the size of defect diameter on the amount of pipeline deformation was further investigated, and the mathematical formula described the maximum plastic deformation with different defect diameter was established. Meanwhile, a finite element model of pipeline with a diameter of 457 mm was established for numerical analysis, which implied that the larger diameter of pipeline with the same defect had, the lower risk of pipeline in failure subjected to blast loading had. And through mathematical analysis and considering the feasibility of the actual situation, the curve described the maximum plastic deformation of the natural gas pipeline with three different defects varying in diameter were established respectively. In addition, a formula to express the relationship between pipeline defect diameter and maximum plastic deformation was established, which can effectively predict the critical plastic dent deformation of pipelines with different defect diameter subjected to blast loading. Besides, based on the pressure-pulse damage theory and with the damage assessment criterion of dent depth–dent length ratio of 0.072, the pressure–impulse diagrams of buried natural gas pipelines with defect diameters of 30 mm, 40 mm and 50 mm were defined, which can be used to predict the damage of pipelines with different defect diameters. Moreover, with the pressure–impulse damage evaluation curves, mathematical formula for the buried natural gas pipeline with the circular defects were established. Furthermore, the critical circular defect diameters with 30 mm was confirmed and the unique formula was also established, which could be effectively used to evaluate the safety of buried natural gas pipelines with the critical circular defects.

Assessment of activated carbon/alginate for the concurrent removal efficiency of paracetamol and caffeine from wastewater in their binary solutions

The increasing amount of pharmaceutical chemicals in wastewater is a concern for both public health and the environment. This research investigates the effectiveness of a new composite material made of alginate-activated carbon in removing caffeine and paracetamol from wastewater simultaneously. The composite material, produced using a simple technique, demonstrates excellent removal rates and exceptional adsorption properties for both medicinal chemicals. The structural stability and integrity of the composite are confirmed through comprehensive characterization methods including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), and BET surface area analysis. The study uses batch adsorption experiments to assess the impact of various factors, such as pH, initial concentration, and contact time, on the efficiency of caffeine and paracetamol removal. The highest values for the adsorption process were 89.63% for Paracetamol and 97.32% for Caffeine, achieved under optimal experimental conditions (pH 7, 0.1 g dose of adsorbent at elevated temperature). Additionally, Kinetic studies and thermodynamic parameters such as ΔS°, ΔGº, and ΔH° were calculated, indicating that the adsorption process was endothermic and spontaneous for paracetamol, and exothermic and non-spontaneous for caffeine. Seven non-linear equilibrium isotherm models were utilized to fit the experimental data for paracetamol and caffeine at pH 7 showing maximum adsorption capacities (qmax) of 606.80 and 725.05 mg/g for Paracetamol and Caffeine, respectively with a high regression coefficient (R2) of 0.99 using alginate-activated carbon as an adsorbent, The results demonstrate the potential of alginate-activated carbon as an effective adsorbent for the simultaneous removal of various pharmaceutical pollutants, highlighting the synergistic adsorption effects of the composite material. The study also examines the safety of the composite material, particularly in the context of potential medical applications. The study emphasizes the potential for sustainable and repeated use of the activated carbon/alginate composite, demonstrating that it maintains both its structural integrity and adsorption effectiveness after multiple cycles of use. This study evaluated the suitability of the suggested analytical method using BAGI, a metric with a unique formula. The BAGI is a complementary tool to GAPI, Complex GAPI, AGREE, AGREE prep, and ESA. A major focus is on the practical elements of white analytical chemistry centered around “blue”.

Expansion process of foamed bitumen considering surface energy

Bitumen, sourced from different crude oils, exhibits distinct foaming properties that significantly influence the performance of foamed bitumen mixtures. This research investigates the relationship between the expansion ratio of foamed bitumen and its surface energy. A theoretical analysis was conducted on a single bitumen bubble to explore the equilibrium between internal steam work and surface energy during expansion. This led to a unique formula linking the bitumen bubble's expansion ratio to its surface energy. The validity of this formula was confirmed through empirical measurements of four different bitumens. Results reveal a significant exponential relationship between the expansion ratio of a single bituminous bubble and the bitumen surface energy. This correlation, supported by experimental data from four bitumen samples, suggests that bitumens with lower surface energy enhance foaming performance.

New species of Echinobothrium van Beneden, 1849 (Cestoda: Diphyllidea) from Indo-Pacific maskrays (Neotrygon Castelnau) off Australia and Borneo.

Four new diphyllidean species of the genus Echinobothrium van Beneden, 1849 are described from Indo-Pacific maskrays (Neotrygon Castelnau, Dasyatidae). Echinobothrium giraffaeous sp. n. from Neotrygon leylandi (Last) off northern Australia, Echinobothrium ivanovae sp. n. from Neotrygon orientalis Last, White et Serét off Borneo, and Echinobothrium bethae sp. n. from Neotrygon varidens (Garman) off Borneo are distinguished from all but one of the 33 valid species of the genus by the possession of the outermost A hooks with an extended base into which the bases of the three outermost B hooks are inserted. Echinobothrium rhynchobati (Khalil et Abdul-Salam, 1989) is the only known species with this unique feature, but its rostellum has a system of interlocking knobs and sockets that articulate bases of the A and B type hooks with one another, which is not present in any of the newly described species. Echinobothrium tyleri sp. n. from Neotrygon australiae Last, White et Serét off northern Australia is distinguished from all known species of Echinobothrium by its unique rostellar hook formula {2-3 18/17 2-3}. With the present addition of four new species, the central Indo-Pacific realm becomes the major hotspot for Echinobothrium, from which 13 species have been reported.

Using symbolic machine learning to assess and model substance transport and decay in water distribution networks

Drinking water infrastructures are systems of pipes which are generally networked. They play a crucial role in transporting and delivering clean water to people. The water quality analysis refers to the evaluation of the advective diffusion of any substance in drinking water infrastructures from source nodes. Such substances could be a contamination for the system or planned for the disinfection, e.g., chlorine. The water quality analysis is performed by integrating the differential equation in the pipes network domain using the kinetics of the substance decay and the Lagrangian scheme. The kinetics can be formulated using a specific reaction order depending on the substance characteristics. The basis for the integration is the pipes velocity field calculated by means of hydraulic analysis. The aim of the present work is to discover the intrinsic mechanism of the substance transport in drinking water infrastructures, i.e., their pipes network domain, using the symbolic machine learning, named Evolutionary Polynomial Regression, which provides “synthetic” models (symbolic formulas) from data. We demonstrated, using one real network and two test networks, that the concentration at each node of the network can be predicted using the travel time along the shortest path(s) between the source and each node. Additionally, the formula models provided by symbolic machine learning allowed discovering that a unique formula based on kinetic reaction model structure allows predicting the residual substance concentration at each node, given the source node concentration, surrogating with a good accuracy the integration of the differential equations.

Improving the targeted delivery of curcumin to esophageal cancer cells via a novel formulation of biodegradable lecithin/chitosan nanoparticles with downregulated miR-20a and miR-21 expression

Nanoencapsulation, employing safe materials, holds substantial promise for enhancing bioactive compounds’ delivery, stability, and bioactivity. In this study, we present an innovative and safe methodology for augmenting the incorporation of the anticancer agent, curcumin, thereby inducing apoptosis by downregulating miR20a and miR21 expression. Our established methodology introduces three pivotal elements that, to our knowledge, have not undergone formal validation: (1) Novel formulation: We introduce a unique formula for curcumin incorporation. (2) Biocompatibility and biodegradability: our formulation exclusively consists of biocompatible and biodegradable constituents, ensuring the absence of detrimental residues or undesirable reactions under varying conditions. (3) Low-temperature incorporation: Curcumin is incorporated into the formulation at temperatures approximating 50 °C. The formulation comprises lecithin (LE), chitosan (CH), an eco-friendly emulsifying agent, and olive oil as the solvent for curcumin. Nanoscale conversion is achieved through ultrasonication and probe sonication (20 kHz). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) reveals spherical nanoparticles with diameters ranging from 29.33 nm and negative zeta potentials within the −28 to −34 mV range. Molecular studies involve the design of primers for miR20a and miR21. Our findings showcase a remarkable encapsulation efficiency of 91.1% for curcumin, as determined through a linear equation. The curcumin-loaded nanoformulation demonstrates potent anticancer activity, effectively activating the apoptosis pathway in cancer cells at the minimum inhibitory concentration. These results underscore the potential of our nanoformulation as a compelling, cancer-selective treatment strategy, preserving the integrity of normal cells, and thus, warranting further exploration in the field of cancer therapy.

Формирование дуалистической системы в империи Габсбургов: предпосылки и специфика выстраивания новых отношений между Австрией и Венгрией

Introduction. After its reformation in 1867, AustroHungary became a unique state entity that abandoned strict centralization and implemented a unique formula of constitutional development. This resulted in a personal union between Austria and Hungary, which adopted different models of domestic and economic development. The establishment of the European Union, the development of multiculturalism, and the increasing role of regions in the development of individual states and the EU as a whole stimulate interest in the history of the Habsburg Empire. Materials and Methods. Both foreign and, to a lesser extent, domestic historiography note the interest of scientific community in Austro-Hungary and its place in world history. However, the debate on this topic is only intensifying. Different schools and directions either idealize the Habsburg Empire or consider it an “anachronism” in Europe. In the course of working on this topic, legislative acts that laid the foundation of the dualistic system were used as historical sources. The author applied the principles of historicism, objectivity, and systematics in his work on the material. Analysis. The article emphasizes that even before the defeat in the Austro-Prussian war, the monarchy attempted to reach a compromise with Hungary, which held an exceptional place in the empire and had a “historical right” to restore its own statehood. The war only accelerated this process and contributed to the formation of the dualistic system. Austria and Hungary effectively became independent state entities united by a common monarch and the socalled common affairs. The approval of dualism by the parliaments of both halves of the empire became the basis for its construction. Constitutionalism and liberalism were to ensure its observance in the future. Results. The dualistic monarchy resulted from a compromise between Austro-Germans and Hungarians, the monarchy, and Hungary. Dualism provided stable development for Austro-Hungary in the last third of the 19th century and the early 20th century. However, the rise of minority national movements required reforming dualism and creating a fundamentally different system.

A robust bendable IrOx thin film via mild alkaline solution process for neuron stimulating electrodes

We demonstrate a unique chemical formula to deposit hydrous iridium oxide thin film on a platinum-coated polyimide substrate. In a mild alkaline solution, the iridium (III) precursor undergoes the ligand exchange and hydrolysis reaction to become the iridium (III) dimers that are physically adsorbed on the substrate for subsequent heterogeneous condensation and growth of amorphous hydrous iridium oxide thin film. Both UV–Vis and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) are employed to determine the reaction steps involved. The chemical nature and crystallinity of the hydrous iridium oxide thin film are investigated by XAS, X-ray photon spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. The hydrous iridium oxide thin film reveals an impressive normalized charge storage capacity (CSC) of 0.3 mC/cm2-nm and a low impedance (80.5 Ω) at 1k Hz. In addition, in bending test of 3,000 cycles, the hydrous iridium oxide thin film retains 91.2 % of its initial normalized CSC without any physical crack and delamination. The cell viability test suggests negligible bio-toxicity. Our results provide a solid evidence of fabricating a robust flexible electrode for neural interfaces for potential use in implantable electronic devices.

Esophageal Dilation: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Patient Information.

Objective Complications of esophageal strictures have decreased in recent years due to evolved endoscopic methods. This has primarily been through esophageal dilation. This study examines the level of readability of patient information on esophageal dilation across 40 websites found via internet search. Methods In this cross-sectional readability study, the content of the first 40 websites about "esophageal dilation" and "upper GI endoscopy" found via Google search was analyzed using WebFX (Harrisburg, PA), an established readability tool. Five readability indices, each having a unique mathematical formula, were used to analyze online material. Outputs were then scored and averaged together. Results The aggregate readability of online esophageal dilation was found to be 9.2, corresponding to a ninth-grade reading level. This average was found based on 38 unique, non-duplicated websites evaluated. Conclusions The information currently available on the internet regarding esophageal dilation is considered to be at a difficult reading level for an average patient. There remains a significant amount of development required in the domain of information accessibility to enhance the patient comprehension of invasive procedures they are poised to undergo. It is imperative to refine the articulation of complex procedures further to prepare patients for forthcoming medical procedures.

Effects of consolidation conditions on the dynamic shear modulus of saturated coral sand over a wide strain range

The utilization of coral sand as a construction material for ports and other infrastructure systems in coral reefs is prevalent, wherein the soil elements within slopes and embankments typically experience an anisotropic stress state. It is imperative to accurately characterize the degradation behavior of the stratigraphic material's stiffness across a wide range of strains. In this study, the maximum and strain-dependent shear modulus (G0 and G) characteristics of saturated coral sand under isotropic and anisotropic consolidations were investigated by performing multi-stage stress-controlled undrained cyclic torsional shear tests with cyclic hollow cylinder shear apparatus. The experimental results indicated that G0 and G generally rose with increasing initial effective consolidation pressure but decreased with increasing inclination of initial major principal stress from the vertical (αc). In contrast, the effect of consolidation stress ratio (kc) on G0 and G was nonmonotonic, and that of kc and αc on the strain-dependent shear modulus reduction (G/G0) curve was slight. By defining anisotropic consolidation indexes δ0 and δr used for quantifying the effect of consolidation-induced anisotropy on the G0 and the G/G0, respectively. A unified formula of G0 obtained by multiplying Hardin's model by δ0, as well as a unique formula of G/G0 obtained by correcting γr in the Davidenkov skeleton curve expression as a linear function of δr were established under various consolidation conditions, respectively. The proposed G formula over a wide strain range is well validated by the experimental data for siliceous sandy soils from the literature.

Bioactive glass in the treatment of infected pseudoarthrosis of the distal tibia in a thirty five years old man. Case report

Among the most serious complications of modern osteosyntheses are nonunion and infections. The pathology is challenging even for experienced surgeons, and the treatment often ends in failure. Bioactive glass represents an attractive alternative to conventional methods, as it combines a unique chemical formula (53% SiO2, 23% Na2O, 20% CaO and 4% P2O) that is osteoinductive and increases the local pH as well as the osmotic pressure, which leads to its antibacterial effect. Herein, we present a clinical case of a 35-year-old man with infected pseudarthrosis of the distal tibia treated with bioactive glass. The excellent clinical and radiological results at the 6-month follow-up and positive data from the literature lead us to be optimistic about the treatment of these severe conditions.

Could Artificial Intelligence be the Subject of Criminal Law?

The use of artificial intelligence can increase productivity and efficiency in various sectors of life. However, it can also potentially cause legal problems especially criminal law if they result in losses. The subject of law in determining who should be responsible is a separate issue. This research examines whether technology using artificial intelligence can be used as the subject of criminal law so that criminal responsibility can be held. This research is normative juridical research with a statutory, conceptual approach and cases related to artificial intelligence and criminal law issues. The study shows that the ability to analyze and make decisions possesed by artificial intelligence can be indicated as "malicious intent". Yet, the concept of punishment for the artificial intelligence system requires a unique formula, as the personality of artificial intelligence cannot be equated with the personality of a human or legal entity. The granting of legal status through a criminal sanction mechanism in the form of machine deactivation, reprogramming, and the severity of destroying machines is expected to provide future solutions to minimize the risk of criminal acts by artificial intelligence.

Чреспросветная эндоскопическая хирургия недостаточности сфинктерного механизма мочевого пузыря у самок собак

The article presents a step-by-step algorithm of a unique patented technique for the treatment of urinary incontinence - hormone-associated sphincter insufficiency in female dogs.
 The result was traced on 51 animals. The peculiarity of this technique is to perform the entire operation through the urethra, without percutaneous accesses. It is also noted that despite the existing prototypes, briefly described in foreign sources, the authors of the described method, patented in the territory of the Russian Federation, managed to find a unique and effective formula for performing the procedure. This approach, in which you can not worry about complications (which were not found in the sample described), allows you to conclude about a new approach to solving the "old" problem.

A Strategy for Uncovering the Serum Metabolome by Direct-Infusion High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry.

Direct infusion nanoelectrospray high-resolution mass spectrometry (DI-nESI-HRMS) is a promising tool for high-throughput metabolomics analysis. However, metabolite assignment is limited by the inadequate mass accuracy and chemical space of the metabolome database. Here, a serum metabolome characterization method was proposed to make full use of the potential of DI-nESI-HRMS. Different from the widely used database search approach, unambiguous formula assignments were achieved by a reaction network combined with mass accuracy and isotopic patterns filter. To provide enough initial known nodes, an initial network was directly constructed by known metabolite formulas. Then experimental formula candidates were screened by the predefined reaction with the network. The effects of sources and scales of networks on assignment performance were investigated. Further, a scoring rule for filtering unambiguous formula candidates was proposed. The developed approach was validated by a pooled serum sample spiked with reference standards. The coverage and accuracy rates for the spiked standards were 98.9% and 93.6%, respectively. A total of 1958 monoisotopic features were assigned with unique formula candidates for the pooled serum, which is twice more than the database search. Finally, a case study of serum metabolomics in diabetes was carried out using the developed method.

Machine learning-based seismic response and performance assessment of reinforced concrete buildings

Complexity and unpredictability nature of earthquakes makes them unique external loads that there is no unique formula used for the prediction of seismic responses. Hence, this research aims to implement the most well-known Machine Learning (ML) methods in Python software to propose a prediction model for seismic response and performance assessment of Reinforced Concrete Moment-Resisting Frames (RC MRFs). To prepare 92,400 data points of training dataset for developing data-driven techniques, Incremental Dynamic Analyses (IDAs) were performed considering 165 RC MRFs with two-, to twelve-Story elevations having the bay lengths of 5.0 m, 6.1 m, and 7.6 m assuming near-fault seismic excitations. Then, important structural features were considered in datasets to train and test the ML-based prediction models, which were improved with innovative techniques. The results show that improved algorithms have higher R2 values for estimating the Maximum Interstory Drift Ratio (IDRmax), and two improved algorithms of artificial neural networks and extreme gradient boosting can estimate the Median of IDA curves (M-IDAs) of RC MRFs, which can be used to estimate the seismic limit-state capacity and performance assessment of existing or newly constructed RC buildings. To validate the generality and accuracy of the proposed ML-based prediction model, a five-Story RC building with different input features was used, and the results are promising. Therefore, graphical user interface is introduced as user-friendly tool to help researchers in estimating the seismic limit-state capacity of RC buildings, while reducing the computational cost and analytical efforts.

The Significance of Appendix Preposition (from) in Quoting in General and Refraining from Specifying (Ayah of Magic as a Model)

The research is summarized in the works of the rule ``textual indefinite in general and its appearance in it,'' which means if (from) is added before the negative indefinite, it transfers the general indication from appearance and presumption, to quotation and interruption. On this basis, it is possible to weigh the statements based on general texts, and this includes the ruling on learning and teaching magic. As a dispute occurred among the jurists of the nation regarding the permissibility of his learning and teaching. Every Ayah contained in its context (from the excess) should be examined, considered, and contemplated in light of its significance. _ Are the Ayah's in this unique formula specific? _ In which section of the Shari'a does it most frequently appear? _ What is its relationship to preponderance when there is a difference in rulings? After the research, it was found that one of its most important meanings, connotations, benefits, and purposes is the quotation in general, and the prevention of its specification. Therefore, it is one of the strongest arguments in the jurisprudential dispute, so it frequently comes in the verses of oneness, and the transcendence of God Almighty is the signifier. It is in the field of doctrinal scientific issues that are more famous, and all of this indicates the importance of the rule, and what comes out with this rule is the preponderance of the prohibition of magic in all its forms, in contrast to those who preferred to learn and teach it. In research, guidance is given to the rule ``There is no general but it has been specified'' and to combine the different sayings in a good manner.

Probiotic feed additive “EnzActive” against the background of hay-type fattening of young bulls

Standardized feeding of young cattle should be based on scientifically based standards, guaranteeing their genetic productivity potential, rational use of fodder resources, and proper feed payment with meat products. The current situation regarding the rationing of livestock feeding in global and domestic, both scientific and industrial practices, has fundamentally changed, which requires a significant revision of the traditional provisions on the organization of standardized feeding and feeding of farm animals. At the same time, the conceptual requirements for the organization of standardized feeding of young livestock should be based on the generalization of world experience in need of animals for energy, nutrients, and biologically active substances, taking into account the age period of fattening with an emphasis on the quality and biosafety of products. In the conditions of intensive production of meat products, to ensure high productivity, it is impossible to do without using feed products of natural substance, which should include additives with a purely biological effect. One of these includes the feed additive “EnzActive”, which contains a unique formula of a combination of biotic and enzymatic action, which consists of live yeast of the genus Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and a complex of six enzymes: protease, cellulose, xynalose, α-amylase, ß-gluconase and phytase. The research was based on optimizing the standardized feeding of fattening young animals on hay-type rations using the probiotic feed additive “EnzActive” based on 8 g/head per day. The research was conducted on Simmental bulls in the conditions of the “Pchany-Denkovych” farm of the Stryi district of the Lviv region. It was established that the use of the probiotic supplement “EnzActive” against the background of hay-type feeding contributed to the improvement of the intensity of the vital activity of the physiologically helpful microflora of the rumen, which had a stimulating effect in the processes of additional assimilation of nutrients. A positive result was obtained regarding the level of average daily growth and functional features of rumen microflora, the final period of fattening. Thus, based on the results of our research, it is possible to recommend introducing the hay type with the inclusion of probiotic feed additive “EnzActive” at the rate of 8 g/head into the intensive livestock technology fattening a day. No adverse side effects of “EnzActive” bio-additives on the general functional condition of young bull's residents were found.

Improvement and evaluation of a unique natural gel formula of curcumin for wound restoration pastime

Improvement and evaluation of a unique natural gel formula of curcumin for wound restoration pastime