Unique Carbon Research Articles

Preparation of Effective NiCrPd-Decorated Carbon Nanofibers Derived from Polyvinylpyrrolidone as a Catalyst for H2 Generation from the Dehydrogenation of NaBH4.

The catalytic dehydrogenation of NaBH4 for the generation of H2 has a lot of potential as a reliable and achievable approach to make H2, which could be used as a safe and cost-effective energy source in the near future. This work describes the production of unique trimetallic NiCrPd-decorated carbon nanofiber (NiCrPd-decorated CNF) catalysts using electrospinning. The catalysts demonstrated exceptional catalytic activity in generating H2 through NaBH4 dehydrogenation. The catalysts were characterized using SEM, XRD, TEM, and TEM-EDX analyses. NiCrPd-decorated CNF formulations have shown higher catalytic activity in the dehydrogenation of NaBH4 compared with NiCr-decorated CNFs. It is likely that the better catalytic performance is because the three metals in the NiCrPd-decorated CNF structure interact with each other. Furthermore, the NiCrPd-decorated CNFs catalyzed the dehydrogenation of NaBH4 with an activation energy (Ea) of 26.55 KJ/mol. The kinetics studies showed that the reaction is first-order dependent on the dose of NiCrPd-decorated CNFs and zero-order dependent on the concentration of NaBH4.

Activation of Heme Metabolism Promotes Tissue Health After Intraarticular Injury or Surgical Exposure.

Posttraumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) is a well-recognized public health burden without any disease modifying treatment. This occurs despite noted advances in surgical care in the past 50 years. Mitochondrial oxidative damage pathways initiate PTOA after severe injuries like intraarticular fracture that often require surgery and contribute to PTOA after less severe injuries that may or may not require surgery like meniscal injuries. When considering the mitochondrial and redox environment of the injured joint, we hypothesized that activation of heme metabolism, previously associated with healing in many settings, would cause prototypic mitochondrial reprogramming effects in cartilage ideally suited for use at the time of injury repair. Activation of heme metabolism can be accomplished through the gasotransmitter carbon monoxide (CO), which activates hemeoxygenase-1 (HO1) and subsequent heme metabolism. In this study, we employed unique carbon monoxide (CO)-containing foam (COF) to stimulate heme metabolism and restore chondrocyte oxygen metabolism in vitro and in vivo . Doxycycline-inducible, chondrocyte-specific HO1 overexpressing transgenic mice show similar mitochondrial reprogramming after induction compared to COF. CO is retained at least 24 h after COF injection into stifle joints and induces sustained increases in heme metabolism. Lastly, intraarticular injection of COF causes key redox outcomes without any adverse safety outcomes in rabbit stifle joints ex vivo and in vivo . We propose that activation of heme metabolism is an ideal adjuvant to trauma care that replenishes chondrocyte mitochondrial metabolism and restores redox homeostasis.

Oxygen-functionalization of unique hierarchical carbon nanosheet fishtail-like for synergistically enhanced capacitive performance supercapacitor

The optimization of high-performance supercapacitors with enhanced electrochemical properties using biomass-based activated carbon is a challenging task. To overcome this, a novel strategy was used to create functional nanocarbon with a hierarchical-nanosheet structure based on bio-waste of Clausena Excavata Burm F (CEBF) leaves. The precursor was optimized through different chemical impregnation concentrations without the addition of any other substances. This resulted in a unique hierarchical carbon nanosheet fishtail-like with a specific surface area of 828.679 m2 g−1. The high carbon content of CEBF (up to 88.58%) and 4.46% oxygen as heteroatoms showed a beneficial pseudocapacitance effect. The electrochemical properties of CEBF-activated carbon were excellent, with a specific capacitance of 248 F g−1. The optimal energy density reached 33.8267 Wh kg−1, and the power density was 4.755 kW kg−1 at 10 A g−1. These findings suggest that CEBF biomass has significant potential as a source of hierarchical carbon nanosheet that enhances high-performance electrochemical supercapacitors.

Nitrogen functionalized biomass derived mesoporous carbon nanomaterials for electrochemical detection of lead (II) ions

This study has explored the sustainable solution after designing an economical metal-free biomass-derived nanocarbon for the selective sensing of lead. The nitrogen and sulfur-rich mesoporous nanocarbon is designed through a facile hydrothermal-assisted thermal annealing method. The high-temperature treatment gave nanocarbon unique carbon dot decorated layered morphology, while nitrogen and sulfur precursor thiourea and melamine strengthened the nanomaterial stability, sensitivity, and selectivity toward lead metal ions. The high specific surface area of mesoporous nanocarbon viz., 1671.93 m2/g with the pore width and pore volume of 2.02 nm and 0.476 cm3/g has enhanced the conductivity of as-synthesized sensor, which helps in increasing sensitivity toward lead. The high conductivity was also confirmed through cyclic voltammetry, where an 80 % increment in current was observed in the case of the modified electrode when compared with bare GCE. The differential pulse normal voltammetry and differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry were performed to calculate the detection limit, where an excellent detection limit of 22 nM was obtained from the DPASV technique. Moreover, the nanomaterial was also tested for detecting lead in tap water. The as-synthesized nanocomposite is highly efficient and selective for the detection of lead. This study will motivate the researchers to engineer sustainable and efficient devices for sensing metal pollutants.

Nanodiamond Nano-Reinforcements in Thermoplastic (Polyamide, Polyimide, Polystyrene) Nanocomposites—Essential Characteristics and Technicalities

Nanodiamonds are unique spherical carbon nano-entities having the advantages of very high surface area and high optical, thermal, wear and strength characteristics. Like other carbonaceous nanoparticles (like fullerene, graphene or carbon nanotube), nanodiamond nano-reinforcements have been investigated for the significant types of polymeric matrices (such as thermosets, thermoplastics, rubbers) nanocomposites. Consequently, this overview was planned to systematically describe the current scientific status of the nanodiamonds reinforced thermoplastic nanomaterials. In this regard, polyamide/nanodiamonds, polyimide/nanodiamonds and polystyrene/nanodiamonds nanocomposites have been fabricated using the facile solution, in-situ and melt mixing techniques. We suggest that including nanodiamonds in polyamides and polyimides increased their engineering characteristics, like mechanical properties and thermal stability, of the resulting nanocomposites due to a distinct interface formation and their compatibilization effects toward these matrices. Correspondingly, including nanodiamonds in polystyrene has been observed to increase the intrinsically low strength/toughness features of this polymer. Predominantly, nano-reinforcement and miscibility effects of the nanodiamonds with the polystyrene and their mutual matrix-nanofiller synergies were responsible to improve the overall microstructural and physical properties of the resulting nanocomposites. As per our analysis, the research reports so far on the important categories of the nanodiamonds reinforced thermoplastic matrix nanocomposites have shown important technical applications in the fields of high-tech coatings, membranes and energy devices.

Stable carbon isotope evolution of formaldehyde on early Mars

Organic matter in the Martian sediments may provide a key to understanding the prebiotic chemistry and habitability of early Mars. The Curiosity rover has measured highly variable and 13C-depleted carbon isotopic values in early Martian organic matter whose origin is uncertain. One hypothesis suggests the deposition of simple organic molecules generated from 13C-depleted CO derived from CO2 photochemical reduction in the atmosphere. Here, we present a coupled photochemistry-climate evolution model incorporating carbon isotope fractionation processes induced by CO2 photolysis, carbon escape, and volcanic outgassing in an early Martian atmosphere of 0.5–2 bar, composed mainly of CO2, CO, and H2 to track the evolution of the carbon isotopic composition of C-bearing species. The calculated carbon isotopic ratio in formaldehyde (H2CO) can be highly depleted in 13C due to CO2-photolysis-induced fractionation and is variable with changes in atmospheric CO/CO2 ratio, surface pressure, albedo, and H2 outgassing rate. Conversely, CO2 becomes enriched in 13C, as estimated from the carbonates preserved in ALH84001 meteorite. Complex organic matter formed by the polymerization of such H2CO could explain the strong depletion in 13C observed in the Martian organic matter. Mixing with other sources of organic matter would account for its unique variable carbon isotopic values.

Anchoring cobalt dual-atom pairs on open hollow-structured carbon via a facile in-situ synthetic strategy for enhanced advanced oxidation processes

Atomically dispersed catalysts offer unprecedented opportunities for high-efficiency Fenton-like oxidation of organic pollutants in water. However, the hazardous metal leaching of atomically dispersed catalysts hinders their practical application for wastewater treatment, while the inaccessible interior active sites in carbon substrates have been commonly overlooked. Herein, we develop a straightforward approach for tightly anchoring cobalt dual-atom pairs on nitrogen-doped open hollow carbon structure (Co-NOHC) via an in-situ polyelectrolyte nanosphere-guided strategy. The unique open hollow carbon structure benefits the electron/mass transfer and maximizes the exposure of active sites. As a result, the as-synthesized Co-NOHC exhibits outstanding peroxymonosulfate activation activity and Fenton-like performance in oxidation by taking rhodamine B degradation as an example. Remarkably, the turnover frequency of the Co-NOHC is 6.5, 26.5, and 9.3 times higher than that of the Co2+, cobalt, and its oxides, respectively, and its catalytic activity also greatly outperforms the pristine zeolitic-imidazole frameworks derived Co-based atomically dispersed catalysts. More importantly, benefitted from the stable anchoring of cobalt dual atoms, the Co2+ leaching from the Co-NOHC is greatly alleviated, as low as 0.1 mg/L after the catalytic reaction, showing outstanding stability as compared to most atomically dispersed catalysts. Furthermore, the reactive active species, including SO4−, OH and O2− radicals, and electron-transfer mechanism are demonstrated to dominate the rhodamine B removal. This work offers a new consideration for promoting the development of the advanced catalysts and their potential applications in advanced oxidation process.

Molecular dynamics investigation on the mechanical properties of a novel 2D carbon allotrope: Planar net-τ nanoribbon

This study is focused on investigating of the mechanical properties of a recently discovered two-dimensional carbon allotrope, known as planar net-τ, through molecular dynamics simulations. The planar net-τ is a unique and unexplored carbon configuration known for its intricate network of carbon atoms arranged in a planar lattice. The study aims to improve understanding of the mechanical properties of planar net-τ. This includes investigating parameters such as Young's modulus, fracture strain, ultimate strength, strain at ultimate stress, and the stress-strain curve. This study achieves this by deliberately manipulating of variables, such as introduction of vacancy defects, altering temperature, and dimensional adjustments. Vacancy defects in 2D carbon allotropes significantly impair their mechanical properties, reducing stiffness and increasing mechanical failure. Changes in dimensions further impact these properties through contraction, affecting strength and elasticity. These results highlight the anisotropic nature of these structures.

Spatiotemporal changes and driving mechanism of ecosystem carbon sink in karst peak cluster depression basin in Southwest Guangxi based on the interaction of “water-rock-soil-air-biology”

Research on ecosystem carbon sinks is vital for developing policies to reduce emissions and enhance carbon sequestration. Analyzing the temporal and spatial trends of carbon sinks and their driving mechanisms is crucial for guiding policy and measures. Traditional methods for estimating carbon sinks in karst regions focus primarily on vegetation-soil carbon sinks, mainly comprising net primary productivity (NPP) and soil heterotrophic respiration (Rh). However, these methods overlook the unique karst carbon sink (KCS), leading to significant uncertainties in carbon sink evaluations. This study focuses on the karst peak cluster depression basin in southwest Guangxi and proposes a Karst Ecosystem Carbon Sink Assessment System (KECAS) based on the “water-rock-soil-air-biology” coupling framework, considering lithological characteristics. Theil-Sen trend analysis and restricted cubic spline (RCS) regression were used to explore the temporal and spatial variations and driving mechanisms of carbon sinks in the area from 2000 to 2022. The results show the following: (1) The total carbon sink flux (TCSF) in the study area has shown an upward trend over time, with a 23-year average ranging from 538 to 929 g CO2 m−2 a−1 and a growth rate of 3.1039a−1. This means TCSF increases by 6.78 g CO2 m−2 a−1 each year. (2) Spatially, areas with increasing carbon sinks cover 34.17 % of the study area, mainly in Chongzuo, Nanning, and Wenshan Prefecture. Areas with decreasing carbon sinks cover 11.79 % of the total area, mainly in Chongzuo, with smaller areas in Nanning and Baise. The mean TCSF distribution is higher in the northwest and lower in the southeast. (3) The critical thresholds for influencing factors were identified using RCS regression: precipitation (1430 mm), temperature (17.9 °C), evapotranspiration (855 mm), NDVI (0.63), DEM (637 m), slope (16.3°), nighttime light index (6.21), and population density (421 people/km2). (4) Areas with high carbon sink supply potential, based on natural and human thresholds, account for 25.09 % and 92.97 % of the southwestern Guangxi study area, respectively. When considering both natural and human conditions, high potential areas account for approximately 22.31 % of the total study area. These findings provide a scientific basis for carbon sink protection and management and offer valuable references for government decision-making.

Reconstruction and Analysis of a Genome-Scale Metabolic Model of Acinetobacter lwoffii.

Acinetobacter lwoffii is widely considered to be a harmful bacterium that is resistant to medicines and disinfectants. A. lwoffii NL1 degrades phenols efficiently and shows promise as an aromatic compound degrader in antibiotic-contaminated environments. To gain a comprehensive understanding of A. lwoffii, the first genome-scale metabolic model of A. lwoffii was constructed using semi-automated and manual methods. The iNX811 model, which includes 811 genes, 1071 metabolites, and 1155 reactions, was validated using 39 unique carbon and nitrogen sources. Genes and metabolites critical for cell growth were analyzed, and 12 essential metabolites (mainly in the biosynthesis and metabolism of glycan, lysine, and cofactors) were identified as antibacterial drug targets. Moreover, to explore the metabolic response to phenols, metabolic flux was simulated by integrating transcriptomics, and the significantly changed metabolism mainly included central carbon metabolism, along with some transport reactions. In addition, the addition of substances that effectively improved phenol degradation was predicted and validated using the model. Overall, the reconstruction and analysis of model iNX811 helped to study the antimicrobial systems and biodegradation behavior of A. lwoffii.

Unveiling the Mechanisms of Apoptosis Induction by Deep‐Sea‐Derived Polyketide‐Terpenoid Hybrids from Penicillium allii‐sativi: A Focus on Mitochondrial and mTOR Pathways

Comprehensive SummaryA chemical investigation of the deep‐sea‐derived fungus Penicillium allii‐sativi MCCC 3A00580 resulted in the discovery of four new meroterpenoids (1—4) and one related known co‐metabolite (5). These meroterpenoids showcase unique carbon skeletons featuring a common drimane sesquiterpene part with highly diverse polyketide units. Particularly, compound 1 incorporates a salicylic acid moiety while 2 possesses a rare peroxide bridge in the polyketide part. The structures of new compounds were assigned by extensive spectroscopic analysis, quantum calculations, and biogenetic considerations. Notably, 3 significantly blocked the mTOR signaling pathway, resulting in the arrest of cell cycle at G0‐G1 phase and triggering mitochondrial apoptosis in Hela cells. While the previously reported co‐metabolite macrophorin A (MPA) effectively triggered cell death in MDA‐MB‐231 cancer cells by activating apoptosis pathways involving death receptors, mitochondria, mTOR, and TNF.

A comparative thermodynamic assessment of microwave-assisted and conventional pyrolysis of biomass in poly-generation systems using coupled numerical and process simulations

Biomass is a unique renewable carbon resource that can be flexibly converted into biofuels, chemicals, and biomaterials using pyrolysis technology. Microwave-assisted pyrolysis (MAP) has gained increasing attention due to its faster and more uniform heating characteristics compared to conventional pyrolysis (CP). However, thermodynamic assessments of biomass MAP-based systems that consider detailed pyrolytic product information are lacking. This study simulated biomass-derived poly-generation systems employing MAP with microwave absorbers (MAP-S) and CP with solid heat carriers (CP-S). The proposed systems included pretreatment, pyrolysis, bio-oil rectification, hydrodeoxygenation, and combined cycle power units, producing biofuels, chemicals, and electricity. To obtain operating information that aligns more closely with engineering reality, pilot-scale numerical models integrating reaction kinetics and transport processes were established for the MAP and CP reactors. These models were validated against lab-scale experimental results after scaling down the models’ geometrical sizes. The results of product yields and energy consumption from numerical simulations were used to support the process simulation. Simulation results showed that the energy efficiency and net power generation efficiency of MAP-S were 59.37 % and 17.78 %, respectively, lower than the 67.19 % and 18.22 % of CP-S. In CP-S, the exergy of materials primarily moved towards the chemicals production units with an exergy efficiency (ηex) of 60.0 %, whereas in MAP-S, more exergy flowed towards the power generation units with a lower ηex of 58.46 %. Notably, the exergy destruction rate (Exd) for CP-S was 3.91 MW, higher than the 3.65 MW for MAP-S. Moreover, the CP-S achieves a higher carbon utilization efficiency at 42.32 %, compared to 35.03 % for the MAP-S. For the pyrolysis units, although the CP unit experienced higher heat losses (0.31 MW) compared to the MAP unit (0.1 MW), the ηex for the CP unit was higher due to a lower Exd. Additionally, CP-S consumed more hydrogen in the hydrodeoxygenation units, whereas MAP-S might achieve self-supply of hydrogen by adjusting operation conditions and technology processes.

Controllable preparation of carbon coating Ge nanospheres with a cubic hollow structure for high-performance lithium ion batteries

Germanium based nanomaterials are very promising as the anodes for the lithium ion batteries since their large specific capacity, excellent lithium diffusivity and high conductivity. However, their controllable preparation is still very difficult to achieve. Herein, we facilely prepare a unique carbon coating Ge nanospheres with a cubic hollow structure (Ge@C) via a hydrothermal synthesis and subsequent pyrolysis using low-cost GeO2 as precursors. The hollow Ge@C nanostructure not only provides abundant interior space to alleviate the huge volumetric expansion of Ge upon lithiation, but also facilitates the transmission of lithium ions and electrons. Moreover, experiment analyses and density functional theory (DFT) calculations unveil the excellent lithium adsorption ability, high exchange current density, low activation energy for lithium diffusion of the hollow Ge@C electrode, thus exhibiting significant lithium storage advantages with a large charge capacity (1483 mAh/g under 200 mA g−1), distinguished rate ability (710 mAh/g under 8000 mA g−1) as well as long-term cycling stability (1130 mAh/g after 900 cycles under 1000 mA g−1). Therefore, this work offers new paths for controllable synthesis and fabrication of high-performance Ge based lithium storage nanomaterials.

Programmable Carbon Nanotube Networks: Controlling Optical Properties Through Orientation and Interaction.

The lattice geometry of natural materials and the structural geometry of artificial materials are crucial factors determining their physical properties. Most materials have predetermined geometries that lead to fixed physical characteristics. Here, the demonstration of a carbon nanotube network serves as an example of a system with controllable orientation achieving on-demand optical properties. Such a network allows programming their optical response depending on the orientation of the constituent carbon nanotubes and leads to the switching of its dielectric tensor from isotropic to anisotropic. Furthermore, it also allows for the achievement of wavelength-dispersion for their principal optical axes - a recently discovered phenomenon in van der Waals triclinic crystals. The results originate from two unique carbon nanotubes features: uniaxial anisotropy from the well-defined cylindrical geometry and the intersection interaction among individual carbon nanotubes. The findings demonstrate that shaping the relative orientations of carbon nanotubes or other quasi-one-dimensional materials of cylindrical symmetry within a network paves the way to a universal method for the creation of systems with desired optical properties.

P-doped MoS2 nanosheets embedded in 3D porous carbon for electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction

Due to its inherent electrochemical catalytic activity, molybdenum sulfide (MoS2) is a potential electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). However, the limited exposure of its active sites resulting from the easy stacking of nanosheets and inert basal plane hampered its optimal catalytic activity. Herein, we developed a novel facile hydrothermal method to prepare phosphorus-doped MoS2 nanosheets anchored on agar-derived 3D nitrogen-doped porous carbon (P-MoS2/NC). The synthesized P-MoS2/NC electrocatalyst possesses high HER catalytic activity with a low overpotential of 167 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and a small Tafel slope of 45 mV dec−1. The excellent performance is attributed to the unique 3D network carbon structure, which avoids the stacking of the MoS2 sheets resulting in more exposed active sites. Additionally, the P atom introduced on the surface of MoS2 sheets successfully activated the in-plane inertness. This work provides an efficient strategy for designing and preparing high-quality catalysts with enhanced electrocatalytic HER activity.

Carboxymethylcellulose and rare earth metal cation self-assembly: Tunable encapsulation of carbon dots in a multifunctional transparent film

Due to their unique properties, carbon dots have attracted significant interest across diverse fields. However, obstacles such as uneven size distribution in the course of synthesis and excessive aggregation lead to fluorescence quenching during solidification process. Moreover, conventional doping procedures frequently yield carbon dot films with constrained functionality, inferior durability, and harsh environments, thereby restricting their practical applications. To address these issues, this study fabricates N-doped carbon dots via a straightforward hydrothermal approach and incorporates them into CMC films by metathesis with CeCl3·7H2O, resulting in a unique carbon dot-encapsulated film. This film overcomes the problem of fluorescence quenching caused by excessive aggregation of carbon dots and allows for size control by adjusting the concentration of Ce(III). The resulting film achieves extreme transparency and superior performance compared to existing UV-blocking films. In addition, the film exhibits exceptional resistance to acids and bases, bleaching, excellent mechanical properties, and good thermal and water stability. Based on these properties, the film achieves size-controlled in-situ photoluminescence, full UV shielding, Cu2+ ion detection, anti-counterfeiting, and information encryption. The water-processable and water-adhesive characteristics of CMC enable its use in real-life situations, opening the door to wider use of solid-state carbon dots for multifunctional and intelligent applications.

Sesquiterpene lactones from Tithonia diversifolia with ferroptosis-inducing activities

Eight previously undescribed sesquiterpene lactones (1–8), together with six known ones (9–14) were isolated from the aerial parts of Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) A. Gray. The absolute configurations of these compounds were elucidated using HRMS, NMR spectroscopy, optical rotation measurements, X-ray crystallography, and ECD. Among them, sesquiterpene lactones 2–4 share a unique carbon skeleton with a rare C-3/C-4 ring-opened structure. Compounds 1 and 8 showed moderate inhibitory effects toward CT26 murine colon carcinoma cells by promoting lipid ROS production, highlighting their potential as ferroptosis inducers.

Carbon-based Flame Retardants for Polymers: A Bottom-up Review.

This state-of-the-art review is geared toward elucidating the molecular understanding of the carbon-based flame-retardant mechanisms for polymers via holistic characterization combining detailed analytical assessments and computational material science. The use of carbon-based flame retardants, which include graphite, graphene, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), carbon dots (CDs), and fullerenes, in their pure and functionalized forms are initially reviewed to evaluate their flame retardancy performance and to determine their elevation of the flammability resistance on various types of polymers. The early transition metal carbides such as MXenes, regarded as next-generation carbon-based flame retardants, are discussed with respect to their superior flame retardancy and multifunctional applications. At the core of this review is the utilization of cutting-edge molecular dynamics (MD) simulations which sets a precedence of an alternative bottom-up approach to fill the knowledge gap through insights into the thermal resisting process of the carbon-based flame retardants, such as the formation of carbonaceous char and intermediate chemical reactions offered by the unique carbon bonding arrangements and microscopic in-situ architectures. Combining MD simulations with detailed experimental assessments and characterization, a more targeted development as well as a systematic material synthesis framework can be realized for the future development of advanced flame-retardant polymers.

A fibrous Ir-doped NiFeOx on two-dimensional materials for high efficiency oxygen evolution reaction (OER)

As a clean and renewable energy, hydrogen gas can be generated from water electrolysis which also involves the sluggish oxygen evolution reaction (OER). The main commercial catalysts for OER are Ir and Ru based but have the problems of high cost and poor cycling stability. Herein, we designed a new electrocatalyst based on Ni, Fe and Ir compounds loaded on a unique two-dimensional carbon material, which can efficiently catalyze OER with high stability in alkaline solution. The composite was prepared by physical vapor deposition, showing a fibrous microscopic morphology with uniform particle size distribution. The fibrous structure ensured the exposure of active sites, which further improved OER activity. The loading of metallic iridium in the material is only 0.0858 mg cm−2. The catalytic activity of OER was maintained for 54 h under alkaline conditions at a current density of 50 mA cm−2 without significant changes in current density. Characterization showed that the excellent activity and stability of the catalysts originated from the Ir insertion into the NiFe2O4 lattice.

Development of unique soil organic carbon stability index under influence of integrated nutrient management in four major soil orders of India

Stability of soil organic carbon (SOC) is pre-requisite for stabilization of C leading to long-term C sequestration. However, development of a comprehensive metric of SOC stability is a major challenge. The objectives for the study were to develop novel SOC stability indices by encompassing physical, chemical, and biochemical SOC stability parameters and identifying the most important indicators from a Mollisol, an Inceptisol, a Vertisol, and an Alfisol under long-term manuring and fertilization. The treatments were control, 100%NPK, 50% NPK+ 50% N through either farmyard manure, cereal residue, or green manure. SOC stability indicators were selected, transformed and integrated into unique SOC stability indices via conceptual framework and principal component analysis. Principal component analysis identified Al-macroaggregate, humic acid C-microaggregate, microaggregate-C, particulate organic matter-C-macroaggregate and polyphenol-microaggregate as the important SOC stability indicators. The principal component analysis -based SOC stability index varied from 0.2 to 0.9, 0.1 to 0.5, 0.2 to 0.6, 0.1 to 0.5 for Mollisol, Inceptisol, Vertisol and Alfisol, respectively. The SOC-stability index derived from conceptual framework and principal component analysis significantly lined up well with one another, although NaOCl-Res-C showed a high correlation with both conceptual framework (r = 0.8) and principal component analysis-based (r = 0.7) SOC stability indexes, suggesting that both methods might be used to quickly assess SOC stability in four soil orders. Overall, 50%NPK+50%N by farmyard manure or green manure emerged as the most effective management practices for enhancing stability of SOC in Mollisol, Inceptisol, Vertisol, and Alfisol of India which might act as major C sink in rice-wheat and maize-wheat cropping systems. The other aspect of C sequestration is to enhance agricultural productivity without depending much on expensive chemical fertilizers. The model yardstick thus developed for assessing SOC stability might be useful to other systems as well.