Union Women Research Articles

Effective Coverage of Modern Contraceptive Use in Ethiopia: An Ecological Linking Analysis of Service Provision Assessment and National Health Equity Surveys

The increase in contraceptive prevalence rate (crude coverage) in Ethiopia over the past two decades does not necessarily reflect service quality, and although the proportion of women with unmet needs has decreased, it remains unacceptably high. Hence, this study aimed to estimate the effective coverage (EC) of modern contraceptive methods in Ethiopia, considering the quality of care. We used nationally representative surveys, such as health facility surveys (Ethiopia Service Provision Assessment, 2021/22) and household surveys (National Health Equity Survey, 2022/2023). The descriptive analysis and ecological linking of the two surveys were used to assess the relationship between service quality and utilization among married/in union women in need of limiting or spacing children. In 2022, about 78% of health facilities in Ethiopia were ready to provide Family Planning (FP) services using modern contraceptive methods. Met FP need was 48%, with the quality of services assessed at 36%. After accounting for both service quality and readiness, Ethiopia’s effective coverage of family planning services using modern methods was estimated at 16%, with the highest coverage in the Sidama region (21%) and the lowest in the Somali region (2%). The EC of FP services in Ethiopia was low, largely attributed to the poor overall quality of the FP services provided. It is therefore important to ameliorate the quality of FP services in the country.

Trend and determinants of unmet need for family planning among married women in Ethiopia, evidence from Ethiopian demographic and health survey 2000-2016; multilevel analysis.

Unmet need refers to the gap between women's desires and contraception use to monitor their fertility level. According to the data, unplanned pregnancies are more likely to result in miscarriage and other obstetric difficulties, have poor maternal health care usage, and have a higher risk of having babies who are underweight. Information on the trend of unmet family planning needs in Ethiopia is scarce. The aim of this study was to examine the trend and determinants of unmet need for family planning among married or in union women in Ethiopia from 2000 to 2016. Cross-sectional study design from secondary data was performed. Data for the study was obtained from four consecutive Ethiopian Demographic Health Surveys 2000 to 2016. The survey employs a nationally representative sample of households using a multistage stratified sampling technique. A descriptive analysis was done to see the trend in unmet need. Multivariable, multilevel logistic regression was performed to assess individual and community-level determinants. An adjusted odds ratio (AOR) at a 95% confidence interval and a p-value of 0.05 were used to declare the level of significance. Unmet need declined by 40.2%, from 37.3% to 22.3%, from 2000 to 2016. Rural (AOR = 1.42; 95% CI: 1.27-1.59), number of living children > = 5 (AOR = 1.14 (1.04-1.24), age at first marriage > = 18 years (AOR = 1.15; 95% CI: 1.09-1.21), knowing at least one method of Family Planning (FP) (AOR = 1.57; 95% CI: 1.43-1.72), and no previous use of FP (1.27 (1.20-1.36) were associated with increased unmet need. While women between the ages of 20 and 24 (AOR = 0.71; 95% CI: 0.64-0.79), 25-29 (AOR = 0.62; 95% CI: 0.55-0.70), 40-44 (AOR = 0.43; 95% CI: 0.39-0.50), 45-49 (AOR = 0.21; 95% CI: 0.18-0.24), the richest wealth index (AOR = 0.88; 95% CI: 0.80-0.96. The level of unmet need has decreased significantly in Ethiopia over the past 16 years. Age, educational level, media exposure, number of living children, age at first marriage, parity, previous use of FP, knowledge of FP, wealth index, regional setting, residence (rural), and survey year all have an association with an unmet need for family planning.

Working-Class Women and the Progressive Era Development of Public Administration: The Case of Margaret Bondfield

Using a case study of British trade union organizer Margaret Bondfield, this article begins the task of adding a working class perspective to accounts of women’s participation in Progressive era urban reform and expansion of public policy while also showing how international networks of support among trade union women undergirded American reform efforts. The narrative expands the consideration of intersectionality and positionality in analyzing women’s role in developing public administration.

Review: Writing Labor’s Emancipation: The Anarchist Life and Times of Jay Fox, by Greg Hall

Book Review| May 01 2023 Review: Writing Labor’s Emancipation: The Anarchist Life and Times of Jay Fox, by Greg Hall Writing Labor’s Emancipation: The Anarchist Life and Times of Jay Fox. By Greg Hall. (Seattle, University of Washington Press, 2022. 276 pp.) Gigi Peterson Gigi Peterson State University of New York at Cortland Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Pacific Historical Review (2023) 92 (2): 302–303. https://doi.org/10.1525/phr.2023.92.2.302 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Gigi Peterson; Review: Writing Labor’s Emancipation: The Anarchist Life and Times of Jay Fox, by Greg Hall. Pacific Historical Review 1 May 2023; 92 (2): 302–303. doi: https://doi.org/10.1525/phr.2023.92.2.302 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentPacific Historical Review Search Writing for leftwing publications, Jay Fox sometimes created fictional characters to humanize and articulate questions and issues that working people faced. Attentive to this literary strategy, Greg Hall artfully employs a real-life character—Fox—to illustrate conditions and choices as capitalist industrialization transformed labor and lives, and “wageworkers confronted class in American society” (p. 8). Fox chose anarchism to inform his work in this confrontation, as a wage laborer, union organizer, author, and editor. He participated in and wrote about many pivotal developments in U.S. labor history from the late 1880s through the 1930s. Praising Fox’s ability to make “complex ideas and events” (p. 3) accessible to readers, Hall does the same in this “microhistory of the radicals, utopians, revolutionaries, and union men and women with whom [Fox] associated, debated, and supported” (p. 8) during his long life from 1870 to 1961. Some associates were famous, from Emma Goldman to William Z.... You do not currently have access to this content.

Prevalence and associated factors of modern contraceptive discontinuation among sexually active married women in Nigeria

BackgroundContraceptive discontinuation for reasons other than the desire for pregnancy is associated with a high rate of unintended pregnancies leading to unsafe abortions, maternal morbidity and mortality. In Nigeria, little is known about modern contraceptive discontinuation using the calendar data.MethodsA cross-sectional research design from the 2018 Nigeria Demographic and Health Surveys (NDHS) women’s dataset was used to examine the prevalence and associated factors of modern contraceptive discontinuation among sexually active married women in Nigeria. A weighted sample size of 3,353 currently sexually active married or in union women who have ever used a modern contraceptive 5 years before the survey and with complete reproductive histories and are not sterilised or declared infecund was analysed. Data were analysed and displayed using frequency tables and charts, chi-square test, and binary logistic regression model at 5% level of significance.ResultsThe prevalence of modern contraceptive discontinuation was 35.8% (1199) with 45.8% (549) of the women discontinuing using modern contraceptives while at risk of pregnancy. The most modern method discontinued was Injectables (25.2%) while the commonest reason for modern method discontinuation was because they wanted to become pregnant (36.1%). Associated factors of modern contraceptive discontinuation among sexually active married women in Nigeria were: marital duration (aOR = 3.0; 95%CI: 1.5–6.2), visitation to a health facility in the last 12 months before the survey (aOR = 0.6; 95%CI: 0.4–0.8), education (aOR = 2.0; 95%CI: 1.2–3.4) and region of residence (aOR = 2.7; 95%CI: 1.6–4.7).ConclusionModern contraceptive discontinuation among the study respondents was high. Region of residence, health facility visitation and marital duration were significantly associated with modern contraceptive discontinuation. The study suggests that health care providers should address the discontinuation of contraception through counselling, particularly among women who reside in the region of high prevalence of contraceptive discontinuation, short-term users as well as strengthen the use of contraception among those who are still at risk of becoming pregnant. Governments and stakeholders should also partner with private sectors to make health care accessible to women by bring health facilities closer to them to improve facility visitation.

ПАТРИОТЫ-МЕДИКИ ВИТЕБСКОГО ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОГО МЕДИЦИНСКОГО ИНСТИТУТА В ГОДЫ ВЕЛИКОЙ ОТЕЧЕСТВЕННОЙ ВОЙНЫ

The given article on the example of the activities of the staff members of Vitebsk State Medical Institute during the years of the Great Patriotic War facilitates the formation of citizenship, patriotism, universal human values in the student youth, cultivates respect for the profession of medical workers who have made a huge contribution to the victory gained in the Great Patriotic War, shows their heroism and self-sacrifice. The role of VSMU museum in the education of student youth during their studying at the university is defined. Forms and methods of the work of public organizations (Trade Union, Veterans Council, Belarusian Republican Youth Union, Belarusian Union of Women) of the Educational Establishment «Vitebsk State Order of Peoples' Friendship Medical University» and those of student academic group tutors are revealed.

An Interethnic Paradox: Chicago's Irish and Everyone Else

An Interethnic Paradox: Chicago's Irish and Everyone Else

Working Class Women’s Activism in Socialist Yugoslavia: An Exploration of Archives from Varaždin, Croatia

Abstract The authors address working class women’s activism in socialist Yugoslavia, focusing on archives produced at both factory and municipal levels by local društva žena or aktivi žena (women’s societies/sections) in the industrial town of Varaždin, Croatia. Their critical exploration of archival sources produced between the mid-1950s and the late 1980s has enabled the authors to challenge dominant interpretations of women’s activism during state socialism, particularly the idea that no relevant activism existed after the dissolution of the Antifascist Women’s Front (AFŽ) in 1953. To counter that view the authors highlight the continuities between the AFŽ and subsequent women’s organizations, the Union of Women’s Societies (SŽD) and the Conference for the Social Activity of Women (KDAŽ), in terms both of discursive narratives and of biographical trajectories. They argue that local archival collections provide new and differentiated insights into past gender and labour conflicts and into working class women’s activism.

Premarital Conception as a Driver of Child Marriage and Early Union in Selected Countries in Southeast Asia and the Pacific

PurposeThe aim of this study is to broaden understanding of how premarital conception in adolescence contributes to child marriage and early union in selected countries in Southeast Asia and the Pacific. MethodsData were drawn from the latest Demographic and Health Surveys and Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys from seven countries in Southeast Asia and Papua New Guinea, to examine patterns and trends of premarital conception and its potential contribution to early union and child marriage. ResultsAmong ever-married/in union women aged 20–24 years, who gave birth under 18 years, between 9% and 36% of pregnancies were conceived premaritally. Of these adolescent mothers, who conceived premaritally, 57%–92% were married by the time of birth. Data indicate a trend of increasing premarital conception in six of the selected countries. DiscussionFindings suggest that adolescent pregnancy is a significant driver of child marriage/early union in seven countries in Southeast Asia and Papua New Guinea.

Volunteer nurses during the First World War: a South African perspective

ABSTRACT The First World War writings of Betty Freund and Frances Lyndall Schreiner are the only available primary accounts by volunteer nurses from the Union of South Africa who served in the European theatre of war. The reluctance of Union women to volunteer to the British war effort were informed by several historical factors in the decades before the war, yet Betty’s letters and Frances’ narratives reveal similar experiences to those of volunteer nurses of other nationalities.Both women wrote to inform, yet Betty also felt a need to reassure, while Frances aspired to publication and employed contemporary literary conventions. On the surface, their texts show nursing and care for young soldiers were their priority, yet a deeper analysis reveals issues of national identity and their reactions to the contemporary views of nurses.

The Federated Press and Labor Feminism on the US Home Front during World War II

Abstract: This article analyzes the wartime journalism of three female reporters for the Federated Press, a cooperative news service that provided copy to more than two hundred labor newspapers from 1919 to 1956. The essay demonstrates how WWII labor journalism fostered union women's increased visibility, promoted labor feminism, and groomed leadership for postwar social justice movements. I argue that by acknowledging the importance of working women in the labor movement and insisting on their rightful place in it, these journalists advanced the goals of working-class feminism, seeding a groundswell of middle-class feminism in the 1960s and 1970s.

"Thank U, Next"? Repartnering and the Household Division of Labor.

Drawing on life course and gender theories, this study tests competing hypotheses about the effect of repartnering on women's and men's levels and shares of housework. Amidst increasing cohabitation rates and union instability, women and men are likely to form and dissolve multiple marital and non-marital unions with different partners over the life course. However, most of our knowledge about the role of past relationships are based on cross-sectional studies comparing first- and higher-order union. This study investigates whether people change their housework arrangements upon repartnering and whether women and men experience similar patterns of change in heterosexual relationships. The analysis draws on 40 years of longitudinal data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics and a sample of 1,897 women and men who were observed in two sequential heterosexual unions. The author used fixed-effects models to estimate change in housework behavior upon repartnering. Overall, the results show stability in housework behavior upon repartnering once controlling for other life course changes that concur with repartnering. Women continued doing the majority of housework upon repartnering. The results suggest that forming a new heterosexual union evokes gender scripts which overall maintains the gendered housework behavior. Although housework is dynamic over the life course, the gender dynamics that shape housework is stable amid union instability.

Radical Housewives: Price Wars and Food Politics in Mid-Twentieth-Century Canada

Radical Housewives: Price Wars and Food Politics in Mid-Twentieth-Century Canada

Consistency of the determinants of achieving fertility desires in Ghana: insights from 2003, 2008 and 2014 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey data sets

Sub-Saharan Africa has entered the early stage of the demographic transition with differences in and between countries. The relation between fertility preference and actual fertility is at the core of the demographic changes during the demographic transition in sub-Saharan Africa. At the current pace of the demographic transition, overachieved fertility (actual fertility being higher than fertility preference) is more prevalent in sub-Saharan Africa although some women do achieve their fertility preference. Our aim is to assess the trends and identify factors that consistently influence women with completed fertility to achieve their fertility desires in Ghana over a 10-year period. We used secondary data from the 2003, 2008 and 2014 Ghana Demographic and Health Surveys for the analysis. The sample size was restricted to currently married/living in union women aged 45–49 years. The results indicate that underachieved fertility has increased from 25.1% in 2003 to 35.8% in 2014. Similarly, achieved fertility has also increased from 23.8% in 2003 to 26.0% in 2014. On the contrary, overachieved fertility has decreased from 51.1% in 2003 to 38.2% in 2014. The most persistent determinants of achieved fertility relative to overachieved fertility in Ghana during the last three rounds of the Ghana Demographic and Health Surveys are child survival status, ethnicity and couple’s fertility preference. The study provides support for programmatic interventions targeting improving child survival and regulating men’s fertility preference.

Say her name: Madge Donohoe and the promise and problems of using Trove to write Australian suffrage histories

Like most middle-ranking suffragists, the Sydney schoolteacher Madge Donohoe is largely invisible in Australian historiography. Until widespread newspaper digitisation, the task of uncovering her name, let alone tracing her rise from Kogarah Girls’ School to the British National Union of Women’s Suffrage Societies’ executive committee, would have been unimaginable. In this paper, I outline how Trove has enriched Australian feminist histories from the suffrage era (1890–1910). Yet, as indispensable as it has become, new histories relying on newspapers to vividly retell the suffragists’ stories also reveal the database’s distorting effects, not least the absence of the vibrant women’s advocacy press from its collections. Trove, I argue, affords vital new points of entry into lives like Donohoe’s but, without careful interrogation, risks privileging the pressman’s gaze above understanding the quotidian realities of feminist activism.

The silent service: widows, orphans, and dependent mothers on the Northern home front

ABSTRACT Union women shouldered a heavy burden during and after the Civil War. The far-reaching social and economic impacts of the war on the Union home front transformed, momentarily, gender roles, but Union victory ultimately overshadowed the suffering and sacrifice at home championing instead a narrative of patriotism and perseverance. Utilizing pension records, this article explores the impact of death on families at home. It expands our understanding of the far-reaching and, at times, devastating implications of the Civil War on those who remained at home while offering an important counterbalance to the much-heralded historical narrative of the public patriotism of northern women and the general stability of the northern home front.

Partners’ Relative Income and the Risk of Union Dissolution in Two Institutional Contexts

AbstractThis article investigates the link between union stability and women’s contribution to the family income in married and cohabiting couples. Using a data set linking survey data to information from respondents’ annual tax records over a period of nearly 30 years, the study explores the changes over time and the role of institutional context by comparing Quebec and Anglophone Canada. The analysis showed that the risk of dissolution was lowest when men’s and women’s incomes were similar. The U-shaped pattern held for marriage and cohabitation, and for both regions. If the couple deviated from the equality pattern, women’s greater income constituted a more destabilizing factor than men’s greater income. Overall, the observed U-shaped link between relative income and union instability did not change over the study period of 30 years.

Unmet need for Family Planning and Associated Factors among Married and Union Reproductive-Age Women with Disability in Southern Ethiopia: Cross Sectional Study

Background or Objectives: Ethiopia has high fertility rate which around 1% of the population is affect by one from of disability. However, a little know about factor affecting unmet need of family planning to disabled women. The aim of this study was to assess the unmet need for family planning and associated factors among married disabled women in southern Ethiopia. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 312 disabled married and union women. Simple random sampling was adopted. Data were collected by four diploma midwife and one of them proficient in sign language. Epi-info TM version-7 and SPSS version 20 for were used for entry analysis of data respectively. Result: The prevalence of unmet family planning among disabled married and union were 25.17%. Factor significantly associated with unmet need for family planning were: age group 20-24 (AOR=5.4:95% CI,1.6-18.4) time more than age above 30, not discussed with their partners and negative attitude (AOR 3:95% CI, 1.3-7.1) & (AOR 2.4:95% CI, 1.1-5.6) times more likely than counterparts respectively. Conclusion: The level of unmet need of family planning methods was high among disabled married and union women and factors significantly associated were age, discuss with partner and attitude. Therefore governmental and non-governmental organizations should work on case by case. Male involvement on reproductive discussion should address.

Pan-African Union of Women of the Moving Image (UPAFI): Constitution and Statutes

Pan-African Union of Women of the Moving Image (UPAFI): Constitution and Statutes

El triunfo de las señoritas telefonistas

Las operadoras telefonistas en Uruguay fundaron el primer sindicato de mujeres en 1918 y protagonizaron una huelga en 1922. Los acontecimientos relativos al conflicto, y a su existencia como organización, han pasado casi inadvertidos en los estudios sociales, históricos y económicos. El propósito del artículo consiste en rescatar los sucesos que llevaron a la huelga y analizar el impacto que el conflicto tuvo, en cuatro dimensiones principales: el rol del Estado como mediador entre el capital y el trabajo; la situación de las mujeres trabajadoras en el sector; el sistema de relaciones laborales; la redefinición de las reglas de juego políticas. En esas dimensiones se encontraron evidencias de transformaciones sustantivas, que permiten considerar el conflicto como acontecimiento significativo en la historia del país. La investigación se basó en fuentes secundarias: debates parlamentarios, declaraciones municipales y notas de prensa de los principales periódicos del país. Hasta el momento, no se han encontrado archivos de la empresa ni del sindicato de telefonistas mujeres. La investigación se inició en 2018 en el marco de un proyecto denominado “Mensaje por ausencia”, que tiene por finalidad contribuir a la recuperación de acontecimientos protagonizados por mujeres sustraídos de la memoria colectiva.