Unifying Trends Research Articles

Comparative evaluation of multi-scale spatiotemporal variability and drivers of carbon storage: An empirical study from 369 cities, China

Under the background of global climate change, the role of carbon storage in mitigating the increase of atmospheric CO2 concentrations is of paramount importance. However, land use and land cover change (LULC) resulting from urban sprawl disturbs the level and distribution of carbon storage. This study aims to explore the spatiotemporal variability of carbon storage and the correlations between that and urban development for China’s 369 cities in 2000, 2010, and 2020. The InVEST model and several multiple linear regression models are employed and the results show that: (1) Cities in western China sequester a large amount of carbon (maximum greater than 2000 TgC) and only some of them, from 2010 to 2020, can maintain a positive change in carbon storage. The rest of China shows a negative change, but a higher carbon storage per area (maximum greater than 0.01 TgC/km2 in the east). Moran's I shows that such variability has a significant spatial autocorrelation. (2) The intensification of the population, the growth of economy, and urbanization are the main factors influencing carbon storage, which are not only reflected on the national scale but also have different local characteristics in different regions. Cities in China's inland regions (e.g., western, some central, and northeastern China), most of which are developing cities, show more diversified impacts of their urban development on carbon storage. However, in developed cities, mostly concentrated in the eastern region, such impacts and variations show a more unified trend. Considering that environmental policy is often a national action, therefore, to strengthen the carbon sequestration capacity of cities, it is necessary to formulate not only a unified leading policy from the national level but also the practical policies of local governments of cities that match their development stages.

The people of West Nottinghamshire and the English Revolution

ABSTRACT Contrary to the recent tendency to obscure the English Revolution behind a nebulous ‘British’ dimension, we reassert the convention that the central issue related essentially to England. No causative part could be played by Ireland, since it lacked a central government, and was dominated by English colonists. Scotland’s priority was to extend the influence of the Kirk, tending towards a theocratic polity. England, by contrast, was becoming a fully politicised nation-state, and this was the context pf parliament’s challenge to the crown. The most obvious causes were distinctively English in character and contained within a unifying trend. We see how these emerging patterns of unity applied in the parliamentary stronghold of West Nottinghamshire. This is reflected in the uniquely coordinated economic and political structures through which the practical imperatives of parliamentarians were formed, and in the specific statements of motivation and public principle made by activists.

Elucidating the particle concentration-dependent flow behavior of aqueous TiO2 suspensions based on polymer dispersant structures and interparticle surface distances

Flowing behavior of concentrated aqueous TiO2 suspensions was evaluated in relation to the structure of polymeric dispersants, their adlayer thickness on particle surface, and particle concentrations. Comb-type polymeric dispersants comprising polyethylene glycol-based side chains with different combinations of unit number and side chain length were investigated. Based on particle concentration–apparent viscosity curves of the suspensions with TiO2 nanoparticles saturated with dispersants, maximum packing fraction and polymer adlayer thickness were estimated through the Krieger–Dougherty model. When the steric repulsive force of polymer dispersant dominated van der Waals attractive forces, the flow curves of the suspension exhibited hysteresis characteristics as the average particle surface distance approached the adlayer thickness of polymer dispersants. Additionally, by introducing the concept of relative surface distance, which is the average particle surface distance divided by the adlayer thickness, the particle concentration dependency of the suspension viscosities with different dispersants followed a unified trend.

Comparison Study on Climate Changes between the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area and Areas around the Baltic Sea

With global warming, coastal areas are exposed to multiple climate-related hazards. Understanding the facts and attribution of regional climate change in coastal communities is a frontier science challenge. In this study, we focus on fact analysis of multi-scale climate changes in the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay area (GBA) and around the Baltic Sea area (BSA). We selected three Asian stations from the GBA in South China (Guangzhou, Hong Kong, and Macao) and five European stations around the Baltic Sea (Stockholm, Haparanda A, Vestervig, Poznan, and Frankfurt) from four countries in the BSA as representative stations, which have more than 100- or 150-year datasets. Based on the ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) and Mann–Kendall methods, this study focuses on the multi-scale temperature and precipitation fluctuation and mutation analysis in the past. The multi-scale analyses show that there are four time-scale changes in both areas. They are the inter-annual scale, inter-decadal scale, centennial scale, and trend, but the lengths of different timescales vary in both regions, especially the inter-decadal scale and centennial scale. For temperature, the inter-annual scales show the same results, with 2–4 and 7–9 a in both the GBA and BSA. In the GBA, the inter-decadal scales are 10–14, 30–50, and 55–99 a, while in the BSA, they are 13–20, 26–50, and 66–99 a. For centennial scales, there are 143–185 and 200–264 a in the BSA and about 100–135 a in the GBA. Temperature trends in the GBA reveal that the coastal area has experienced an upward trend (Hong Kong and Macao), but in the inland area (Guangzhou), the trend fluctuated. Temperature trends in the BSA have risen since 1756. For precipitation, the inter-annual scales are 2–4 and 6–9 a in both the GBA and BSA. The inter-decadal scales are 11–29 and 50–70 a in the GBA and 11–20, 33–50, and 67–86 a in the BSA. For centennial scales, there are about 100 a in the GBA and 100–136 a in the BSA. In the GBA, the precipitation trends show stronger local characteristics, with three different fluctuation types. In the BSA, most stations had a fluctuating trend except Haparanda A and Vestervig station, which experienced an upward trend throughout the whole time range. Overall, there are no unified trends for precipitation in both areas. Temperature mutation tests show that only Vestervig in the BSA changed abruptly in 1987, while the mutation point of Macao in the GBA was 1991. Precipitation mutation points of Stockholm and Vestervig were 1878 and 1918 in the BSA, while only Macao in the GBA changed abruptly in 1917. The results reveal that the regional climate mutation of both areas is not obvious, but the temperature changes with an upward trend as a whole.

National Survey Regarding the Management of Difficult Bile Duct Stones in South Korea.

This study aimed to investigate the patterns of preferred endoscopic procedure types and techniques for managing difficult common bile duct (CBD) stones in South Korea. The Committee of Policy and Quality Management of Korean Pancreatobiliary Association (KPBA) conducted a survey containing 19 questions. Both paper and online surveys were carried out; with the paper survey being conducted during the 2019 Annual Congress of KPBA and the online survey being conducted through Google Forms from April 2020 to February 2021. The response rate was approximately 41.3% (86/208). Sixty-two (73.0%) worked at tertiary hospitals or academic medical centers, and 60 (69.7%) had more than 5 years of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography experience. The preferred size criteria for large CBD stones were 15 mm (40.6%), 20 mm (31.3%), and 30 mm (4.6%). For managing of large CBD stones, endoscopic papillary large balloon dilation after endoscopic sphincterotomy was the most preferred technique (74.4%). When performing procedures in those with bleeding diathesis, 64 (74.4%) respondents favored endoscopic papillary balloon dilation (EPBD) alone or EPBD with small endoscopic sphincterotomy. Fifty-five respondents (63.9%) preferred the doubleguidewire technique when faced with difficult bile duct cannulation in patients with periampullary diverticulum. In surgically altered anatomies, cap-fitted forward viewing endoscopy (76.7%) and percutaneous transhepatic cholangioscopy (48.8%) were the preferred techniques for Billroth-II anastomosis and total gastrectomy with Roux-en-Y anastomosis, respectively. Most respondents showed unifying trends for the management of difficult CBD stones. The current practice patterns could be used as basic data for clinical quality improvements in the management of difficult CBD stones.

Human pathogenic RNA viruses establish noncompeting lineages by occupying independent niches

Many pathogenic viruses are endemic among human populations and can cause a broad variety of diseases, some potentially leading to devastating pandemics. How virus populations maintain diversity and what selective pressures drive population turnover is not thoroughly understood. We conducted a large-scale phylodynamic analysis of 27 human pathogenic RNA viruses spanning diverse life history traits, in search of unifying trends that shape virus evolution. For most virus species, we identify multiple, cocirculating lineages with low turnover rates. These lineages appear to be largely noncompeting and likely occupy semiindependent epidemiological niches that are not regionally or seasonally defined. Typically, intralineage mutational signatures are similar to interlineage signatures. The principal exception are members of the family Picornaviridae, for which mutations in capsid protein genes are primarily lineage defining. Interlineage turnover is slower than expected under a neutral model, whereas intralineage turnover is faster than the neutral expectation, further supporting the existence of independent niches. The persistence of virus lineages appears to stem from limited outbreaks within small communities, so that only a small fraction of the global susceptible population is infected at any time. As disparate communities become increasingly connected through globalization, interaction and competition between lineages might increase as well, which could result in changing selective pressures and increased diversification and/or pathogenicity. Thus, in addition to zoonotic events, ongoing surveillance of familiar, endemic viruses appears to merit global attention with respect to the prevention or mitigation of future pandemics.

Examining lung mechanical strains as influenced by breathing volumes and rates using experimental digital image correlation

BackgroundMechanical ventilation is often employed to facilitate breathing in patients suffering from respiratory illnesses and disabilities. Despite the benefits, there are risks associated with ventilator-induced lung injuries and death, driving investigations for alternative ventilation techniques to improve mechanical ventilation, such as multi-oscillatory and high-frequency ventilation; however, few studies have evaluated fundamental lung mechanical local deformations under variable loading.MethodsPorcine whole lung samples were analyzed using a novel application of digital image correlation interfaced with an electromechanical ventilation system to associate the local behavior to the global volume and pressure loading in response to various inflation volumes and breathing rates. Strains, anisotropy, tissue compliance, and the evolutionary response of the inflating lung were analyzed.ResultsExperiments demonstrated a direct and near one-to-one linear relationship between applied lung volumes and resulting local mean strain, and a nonlinear relationship between lung pressures and strains. As the applied air delivery volume was doubled, the tissue surface mean strains approximately increased from 20 to 40%, and average maximum strains measured 70–110%. The tissue strain anisotropic ratio ranged from 0.81 to 0.86 and decreased with greater inflation volumes. Local tissue compliance during the inflation cycle, associating evolutionary strains in response to inflation pressures, was also quantified.ConclusionVentilation frequencies were not found to influence the local stretch response. Strain measures significantly increased and the anisotropic ratio decreased between the smallest and greatest tidal volumes. Tissue compliance did not exhibit a unifying trend. The insights provided by the real-time continuous measures, and the kinetics to kinematics pulmonary linkage established by this study offers valuable characterizations for computational models and establishes a framework for future studies to compare healthy and diseased lung mechanics to further consider alternatives for effective ventilation strategies.

Electronic Tuning in URu2Si2 Through Ru to Pt Chemical Substitution

Studies that control the unit cell volume and electronic composition have been useful in revealing what factors lead to hidden order and superconductivity in the strongly correlated electron system URu2Si2. For example, isoelectronic tuning that increases the hybridization between the f and conduction electron states (i.e., applied pressure and Ru → Fe/Os chemical substitution) 1) converts hidden order into antiferromagnetism and 2) destroys the superconductivity. The impact of nonisoelectronic chemical substitution has been less clear, but several unifying trends have recently emerged for chemical substitution vectors that qualitatively add electrons (e.g., Ru → Rh/Ir and Si → P). This includes 1) the rapid destruction of hidden order and superconductivity, 2) composition regions where the underlying Kondo lattice is preserved but does not harbor an ordered state, and 3) the emergence of complex magnetism at large substitutions. In order to assess the limits of this perspective, we have investigated the series U(Ru1−xPtx)2Si2 for x ≲ 0.19, where the Ru and Pt d-shells differ substantially from each other. Magnetic susceptibility, electrical resistivity, and heat capacity measurements unexpectedly reveal a phase diagram with notable similarities to those of other electron doping series. This result reinforces the viewpoint that there is a quasi-universal affect that results from electron doping in this material, and we anticipate that an understanding of these trends will be useful to isolate what factors are foundational for hidden order and superconductivity.

Evaluation of Past and Future Climate Trends under CMIP6 Scenarios for the UBNB (Abay), Ethiopia

Climate predictions using recent and high-resolution climate models are becoming important for effective decision-making and for designing appropriate climate change adaptation and mitigation strategies. Due to highly variable climate and data scarcity of the upper Blue Nile Basin, previous studies did not detect specific unified trends. This study discusses, the past and future climate projections under CMIP6-SSPs scenarios for the basin. For the models’ validation and selection, reanalysis data were used after comparing with area-averaged ground observational data. Quantile mapping systematic bias correction and Mann–Kendall trend test were applied to evaluate the trends of selected CMIP6 models during the 21st century. Results revealed that, ERA5 for temperature and GPCC for precipitation have best agreement with the basin observational data, MRI-ESM2-0 for temperature and BCC-CSM-2MR for precipitation were selected based on their highest performance. The MRI-ESM2-0 mean annual maximum temperature for the near (long)-term period shows an increase of 1.1 (1.5) °C, 1.3 (2.2) °C, 1.2 (2.8) °C, and 1.5 (3.8) °C under the four SSPs. On the other hand, the BCC-CSM-2MR precipitation projections show slightly (statistically insignificant) increasing trend for the near (long)-term periods by 5.9 (6.1)%, 12.8 (13.7)%, 9.5 (9.1)%, and 17.1(17.7)% under four SSPs scenarios.

New Russian Drama: An Anthology ed. by Maksim Hanukai and Susanna Weygandt

Reviewed by: New Russian Drama: An Anthology ed. by Maksim Hanukai and Susanna Weygandt Irina Yakubovskaya New Russian Drama: An Anthology. Edited by Maksim Hanukai and Susanna Weygandt. New York: Columbia University Press, 2019; pp. 504. Maksim Hanukai and Susanna Weygandt, editors of New Russian Drama: An Anthology, acknowledge that "no single anthology can do justice to an artistic movement that is still evolving and that has produced many dozens of texts that deserve serious attention" (xxxi). This anthology offers a collection of ten texts, written between 2000 and 2014, that are fundamentally antithetical to the Russian drama traditionally familiar to most anglophone readers. The anthology introduces, contextualizes, and provides works from several nonconformist Russian theatre artists and organizations, highlighting the inconstancy and ephemerality of contrarian theatres in Putin's Russia. New Drama, or Novaya Drama, was a post-Soviet, turn of the twenty-first-century experimental theatre movement characterized by unapologetic depictions of violence, obscenity, skepticism and self-indulgent despair. Sharing and expanding elements of this aesthetic, each play in the anthology offers a set of challenges waiting to be turned into opportunities for powerful, profound, and creative learning. The book will be a helpful resource to theatre educators, directors, dramaturgs, playwrights, actors, and anyone interested in post-Soviet Russian culture and identity. Professors could easily design a decent Russian theatre history using New Russian Drama: An Anthology in alliance with its predecessor from 2014, John Freedman's Real and Phantom Pains: An Anthology of New Russian Drama, as well as any theatre history books by Anatoly Smeliansky and Laurence Senelick. The book contains a foreword by Richard Schechner, an introduction and chronology by editors Hanukai and Weygandt, and the plays, which are followed by endnotes, and concise biographies of the playwrights. One of the strongest contextual statements that the authors offer is the observation that New Drama is "one of the most important documents" of Putin's Russia (xxix). The introduction includes a clearly articulated critical overview of post-Soviet theatre history, and advocates for theatre becoming a site of memory, as well as "a public laboratory of the future—a place of collective dreams, discussions, and actions that help build a new social and political consensus" (xxx). What is not mentioned in the introduction, however, is how post-Soviet theatre, including New Drama, developed during the unprecedented time of intercultural collaborations. After the fall of the Soviet Union, cultural exchanges with countries previously considered alien or hostile became vital in the Russian theatre ecosystem. The book does not address the immense role globalization and Americanization played in shaping the path of post-Soviet theatre, as well as the New Drama aesthetic. "Chronology" (xxxiii) includes a Moscow/St. Petersburg–centric timeline of events pertinent to the development of New Drama, while the list of provincial Russian cities in it is far from exhaustive: Tolyatti, Ekaterinburg, and Rostov-on-Don. The authors acknowledge a wide variety of themes and forms among the plays and suggest three potential unifying trends. The first trend is represented by the networks and institutional/organizational affiliation of individuals, groups, and companies that contributed to advancement and production of New Drama works. The second unifying quality among multiple New Drama texts is exemplified in its aesthetic elements which the authors also articulate. Some of the shared elements are hypernaturalistic portrayals of sex and violence, profane language, recognizable character types, and themes of anxiety, alienation, disappointment, and disassociation (xxvii). While the content is exquisitely [End Page 70] efficient, the organization of this part of the introduction lacks clarity, and some readers might stumble in the process of deciphering this crucial but dense portion of the introduction. When assigning this essay to students, it would be helpful, if not necessary, to unpack page xxvii into an accessible list of bullet points and clarifications. Including content or trigger warnings is advisable, especially when the anthology is considered for educational use. The third unity is described as "pursuit of the real" (xxviii), which can be understood as an attempt to control the unreachable narrative of reality by at least capturing it. After all, as Mikhail Bulgakov brilliantly noticed, manuscripts don't burn. While every play in the anthology explores...

КОНЦЕПТУАЛИЗАЦИЯ СОЦИАЛЬНОЙ И РЕЛИГИОЗНОЙ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ РЕГИОНОВ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ В ПОЛИТОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯХ

The article is devoted to an attempt to analyze and compare the concepts of social security of the regions of the Russian Federation, including the concept of “unity” and the concept of “regionality”. The authors of the article seek to resolve the contradiction between these concepts using the simulation of social security of the Russian Federation on the basis of the complementary principle and synthesis of the concepts of “unity” and “regionality”. The result of the article is the a dynamic model formation of social security of Russian regions, under which the process of continuous designing of regulatory and value ideas, instilled in the regional community, through the impact of its society surrounding it, as well as social agreements aimed at achieving conjunction within the social framework of Russian regions. The second result is to determine the social security of Russian regions, as a process in which, depending on the situational influence of objective and subjective factors, or centrifugal or regional trends are dominated.The third result is the statement of the fact that, for a long time, despite the significant difference in the civilization nature of the regions, the Russian social framework maintains integrity, which indicates the predominance of unifying trends and the absence of the desire among Russian regions to the exit from the All-Russian social space

The mechanical origin of snow avalanche dynamics and flow regime transitions

Abstract. Snow avalanches cause fatalities and economic damage. Key to their mitigation is the understanding of snow avalanche dynamics. This study investigates the dynamic behavior of snow avalanches, using the material point method (MPM) and an elastoplastic constitutive law for porous cohesive materials. By virtue of the hybrid Eulerian–Lagrangian nature of the MPM, we can handle processes involving large deformations, collisions and fractures. Meanwhile, the elastoplastic model enables us to capture the mixed-mode failure of snow, including tensile, shear and compressive failure. Using the proposed numerical approach, distinct behaviors of snow avalanches, from fluid-like to solid-like, are examined with varied snow mechanical properties. In particular, four flow regimes reported from real observations are identified, namely, cold dense, warm shear, warm plug and sliding slab regimes. Moreover, notable surges and roll waves are observed peculiarly for flows in transition from cold dense to warm shear regimes. Each of the flow regimes shows unique flow characteristics in terms of the evolution of the avalanche front, the free-surface shape, and the vertical velocity profile. We further explore the influence of slope geometry on the behavior of snow avalanches, including the effect of slope angle and path length on the maximum flow velocity, the runout angle and the deposit height. Unified trends are obtained between the normalized maximum flow velocity and the scaled runout angle as well as the scaled deposit height, reflecting analogous rules with different geometry conditions of the slope. It is found that the maximum flow velocity is mainly controlled by the friction between the bed and the flow, the geometry of the slope, and the snow properties. We reveal the crucial effect of both flow and deposition behaviors on the runout angle. Furthermore, our MPM modeling is calibrated and tested with simulations of real snow avalanches. The evolution of the avalanche front position and velocity from the MPM modeling shows reasonable agreement with the measurement data from the literature. The MPM approach serves as a novel and promising tool to offer systematic and quantitative analysis for mitigation of gravitational hazards like snow avalanches.

Insulating MgO–Al2O3–LDPE Nanocomposites for Offshore Medium-Voltage DC Cables

A polymer–metal oxide nanocomposite is a key in developing a high-temperature insulation material for power electronics and high-voltage direct current (HVDC) and medium-voltage direct current (MVDC) subsea cables having the capability of transmitting offshore renewable energy with lower losses and higher reliability. To achieve a higher operation voltage level and larger power capacity at a reduced cable size, weight, and volume, the lighter material offering improved electrical insulation at a high operating temperature is required. Addition of metal oxide ceramics in the polymer is shown to improve the insulating properties of the polymer used in the cable and power electronic applications; however, their performance deteriorates at elevated temperatures as thermal energy facilitates the electron injection to the bulk material by following conduction according to the Schottky emission. In this work, the heat insulating Al2O3 nanoparticles are added to the MgO–polyethylene nanocomposite to observe the effect of the interface between mix oxide nanoparticles on current density and breakdown strength of the nanocomposite compared to the MgO–polyethylene nanocomposite at room and elevated temperatures (90 °C). The concentrations of the MgO and MgO + Al2O3 mixture were varied from 1 to 12 wt % to find out that the nanocomposite containing MgO showed the best response than MgO + Al2O3 at elevated and room temperatures. There was no unified trend observed in the leakage current density and breakdown strength results for the MgO + Al2O3 nanocomposite, indicating the absence of the interface formation between MgO and Al2O3. The decrease in the interaction radius, calculated using numerical simulation of the nanoparticle dispersion state, resulted in the high breakdown strength. Addition of 12 wt % MgO helped achieving the highest breakdown strength, but overall breakdown strength for the MgO + Al2O3 nanocomposite improved at elevated temperatures. All nanocomposites showed improved electrical insulating properties compared to virgin low-density polyethylene (Pure LDPE) .

The diversity of contemporary Christianity in Southeast Asia

This article is concerned with the diverse forms of Christianity as the religion spreads around Southeast Asia. Although growth and expansion characterize much of Christianity's fortunes, no unifying trend is readily discernible. Four trends are identified in this article: popular religion, megachurches, the global church, and the struggling church. The article draws from different cases around the region to illustrate the importance of these developments. It in this manner that the article complicates the narrative that Christianity is moving to the Global South. The narrative often presents Christianity as a religion at war with itself insofar as geographic tensions are concerned. In contrast to its counterpart in the West, Christianity in the region is depicted as strict, fundamentalist, and often Charismatic in orientation. To view Christianity in Southeast Asia as a homogenous entity disregards issues at stake for its many denominations. Some of these concerns include different political regimes and uneven levels of economic development. This paper was delivered as an opening lecture at the workshop on Christian art in Southeast Asia, organized by SEAMEO SPAFA in the Philippines in March 2016.

Abstract 3065: High-throughput screen identifies HSP90 as a potential therapeutic target in models of advanced CRPC

Abstract Castrate resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) remains the primary cause of mortality for prostate cancer (PCa) patients. Several therapies are currently approved for use against CRPC, consisting mostly of androgen receptor (AR) signaling inhibitors and toxic anti-microtubule chemotherapeutics that do not score long-term durable responses. Recent deep-sequencing analysis studies have elucidated the complex and heterogeneous landscape of CRPC, highlighting the necessity to develop effective targeted therapies against specific CRPC subtypes or therapies effective against numerous subtypes of CRPC. PTEN and p53 are two of the most frequently altered genes in CRPC, and are associated with therapy resistance and a poor clinical prognosis. The objective of this study was to identify and subsequently validate therapeutic targets against models of advanced PCa, specifically in the absence of PTEN and p53. Using non-biased high throughput screening technology, we identified HSP90 inhibitors to be potent and efficacious against a model of PTEN/p53 null PCa. HSP90 is a critical regulator of prostate cancer cell signaling homeostasis, and recently developed second generation compounds targeting HSP90 are effective against genotypically heterogeneous panels of cancer cell lines and have favorable safety parameters in the clinic. Screening results and subsequent validation efforts in vitro identified ganetespib as the most potent HSP90 inhibitor, with efficacy that translated into established human PCa cells lines. Ganetespib also displayed strongly inhibitory activity against PTEN/p53 null progenitor cells, a plastic subpopulation of PCa believed to be partly responsible for therapy resistance. In vivo, ganetespib completely inhibited progression of PIN to invasive adenocarcinoma in the Pten/Tp53 null PCa mouse model, leading to a significant reduction in tumor weight. Expanding from the mouse model to clinically predictive PDX-derived LuCaP models of human PCa, we found that ganetespib displayed a range of activity against a genotypically diverse array of 11 LuCaP organoids ex vivo. Furthermore, the PTEN null/p53 altered LuCaP 136 displayed a robust response to ganetespib in vivo, with ganetespib causing a significant reduction in tumor growth. Mechanistic interrogation in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo revealed ganetespib induced effects to be multifactorial and model specific, with unifying trends being inactivation of PI3K signaling and modulation of cell cycle regulatory proteins. In all, these data indicate that inhibition of HSP90 is a novel therapeutic to treat advanced PCa via multifactorial perturbation of growth regulatory pathways. Citation Format: Keith H. Jansson, John Tucker, Lauren Stahl, Caitlyn Fuller, Michael Beshiri, John K. Simmons, Supreet Agarwal, Lei Fang, Aian Neil Alilin, Ross Lake, Crystal Tran, Paul G. Hynes, Jacob Cawley, JuanJuan Yin, Xiaohu Zhang, Rajarshi Guha, Shelley Hoover, R. Mark Simpson, Holly Nguyen, Eva Corey, Craig Thomas, David Proia, Kathleen Kelly. High-throughput screen identifies HSP90 as a potential therapeutic target in models of advanced CRPC [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3065. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-3065

Только ли маргиналии? Три эпизода с «мусульманским русским языком» в поздней Российской империи

The paper discusses 3 cases of the Russian Empire Muslims’ (Tatars) using the Russian language to speak about themselves and Islam. The cultural processes underlying ‘Muslim Russian’ turning into a discoursal practice, its aims and expanding functions are analyzed, as well as its links with ‘mass Orientalism’ in the Russian imperial space and the speakers’ quest of the ways to speak about Islam in Russian. The role of choosing Russian in forming the actors’ identity as expert representatives of the imagined Russian Muslim community, while they acted as colonial intermediaries and/or political oppositionists, is shown. One case is A. Baiazitov and his contemporaries’ polemics with E. Renan and the counter-Muslim (missionary, in particular) journalism in the 1890-s, which, being a response to the unifying (state-nationalist) trends in the imperial context, also shows the emergence of the space of Muslim voices in the Russian public discourse. The second case, i.e. Russian used by Muslim political activists in the times of mass politics, especially, in their private correspondence in the 1910-s, reveals its lingua franca functions in their aspirations to create a super-ethnic all-Russian Muslim community. Differently, the 3d case, which frames the paper, the handwritten notes made for himself by the Muslim reformist (jadid), journalist and oppositionist F. Karimov (Karimi) in the margins of the governmental “Journal of the Special Meeting for Elaboration of Measures to Counteract the Tatar-Muslim Influence in the Volga Region” (1910) presents the interiorization of Russian beyond its pragmatic and public functions, a situation of ‘straight’ individual multilingualism. As Russian, the language of the Russian power, served also to convey the modernist, mainly progressist discourse, the key question raised in the paper is the interaction of Islamic and modernist discourses in the Muslim Russian texts under discussion. In the polemics both with the trends of absolutizing and idealizing the modernity and of marginalizing the modernity questionnaire in the studies of Russian Islam, the notion of ‘cultural bilingualism’ is suggested, which allows depicting a coexistence of the two discourses even in the utterances that may seem purely modernist and lacking any Islamic subtext (e.g. Karimov’s marginalia). The difference in the character of cultural bilingualism between Baiazitov’s and Karimov’s texts is shown, as well as their common connection with the Islamic vision of history, which prevents their definition in pure terms of modernism vs. traditionalism. The paper is partly based on archival sources. The supplement provides fragments of Karimov’s notes, previously unpublished.

Unified trend of superconducting transition temperature versus Hall coefficient for ultrathin FeSe films prepared on different oxide substrates

High transition temperature (${T}_{\mathrm{c}}$) superconductivity in FeSe/$\mathrm{SrTi}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ has been widely discussed on the possible mechanisms in conjunction with the various effects of interface between FeSe and $\mathrm{SrTi}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ substrate. By employing an electric-double-layer transistor configuration, which enables both the electrostatic carrier doping and electrochemical thickness tuning, we investigated the interfacial effect on the high-${T}_{\mathrm{c}}$ phase at around 40 K in FeSe films deposited on $\mathrm{SrTi}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$, MgO, and $\mathrm{KTa}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ substrates. The systematic study on thickness dependence of transport properties under a certain gate voltage reveals the universal trend of the onset ${T}_{\mathrm{c}}$ against the Hall coefficient in all the FeSe films, irrespective of the substrate materials in which the different contribution of interfacial effect is expected. The independence of the highest ${T}_{\mathrm{c}}$ on substrate materials evidences that the high-${T}_{\mathrm{c}}$ superconductivity at around 40 K does not primarily originate from a specific interface combination but from a charge carrier filling at specific electronic band structure.

A person-centred analysis of the time-use, daily activities and health-related quality of life of Irish school-going late adolescents.

The health, well-being and quality of life of the world's 1.2 billion adolescents are global priorities. A focus on their patterns or profiles of time-use and how these relate to health-related quality of life (HRQoL) may help to enhance their well-being and address the increasing burden of non-communicable diseases in adulthood. This study sought to establish whether distinct profiles of adolescent 24-h time-use exist and to examine the relationship of any identified profiles to self-reported HRQoL. This cross-sectional study gathered data from a random sample of 731 adolescents (response rate 52%) from 28 schools (response rate 76%) across Cork city and county. A person-centred approach, latent profile analysis, was used to examine adolescent 24-h time-use and relate the identified profiles to HRQoL. Three male profiles emerged, namely productive, high leisure and all-rounder. Two female profiles, higher study/lower leisure and moderate study/higher leisure, were identified. The quantitative and qualitative differences in male and female profiles support the gendered nature of adolescent time-use. No unifying trends emerged in the analysis of probable responses in the HRQoL domains across profiles. Females in the moderate study/higher leisure group were twice as likely to have above-average global HRQoL. Distinct time-use profiles can be identified amongst adolescents, but their relationship with HRQoL is complex. Rich mixed-method research is required to illuminate our understanding of how quantities and qualities of time-use shape lifestyle patterns and how these can enhance the HRQoL of adolescents in the twenty-first century.

Towards Modal Integration of Overhead and Underground Low-Voltage and Medium-Voltage Power Line Communication Channels in the Smart Grid Landscape: Model Expansion, Broadband Signal Transmission Characteristics, and Statistical Performance Metrics (Invited Paper)

The established statistical analysis, already used to treat overhead transmission power grid networks, is now implemented to examine the factors influencing modal transmission characteristics and modal statistical performance metrics of overhead and underground low-voltage/broadband over power lines (LV/BPL) and medium-voltage/broadband over power lines (MV/BPL) channels associated with power distribution in smart grid (SG) networks. The novelty of this paper is threefold. First, a refined multidimensional chain scattering matrix (TM2) method suitable for overhead and underground LV/BPL and MV/BPL modal channels is evaluated against other relative theoretical and experimental proven models. Second, applying TM2 method, the end-to-end modal channel attenuation of various LV/BPL and MV/BPL multiconductor transmission line (MTL) configurations is determined. The LV/BPL and MV/BPL transmission channels are investigated with regard to their spectral behavior and their end-to-end modal channel attenuation. It is found that the above features depend drastically on the frequency, the type of power grid, the mode considered, the MTL configuration, the physical properties of the cables used, the end-to-end distance, and the number, the electrical length, and the terminations of the branches encountered along the end-to-end BPL signal propagation. Third, the statistical properties of various overhead and underground LV/BPL and MV/BPL modal channels are investigated revealing the correlation between end-to-end modal channel attenuation and modal root-mean-square delay spread (RMS-DS). Already verified in the case of overhead high-voltage (HV) BPL systems, this fundamental property of several wireline systems is also modally validated against relevant sets of field measurements, numerical results, and recently proposed statistical channel models for various overhead and underground LV/BPL and MV/BPL channels. Based on this common inherent attribute of either transmission or distribution BPL networks, new unified regression trend line is proposed giving a further boost towards BPL system intraoperability. A consequence of this paper is that it aids in gaining a better understanding of the range and coverage that BPL solutions can achieve; a preliminary step toward the system symbiosis between BPL systems and other broadband technologies in an SG environment.

Seasonal development of planktonic rotifers in Slapy Reservoir (Czech Republic)

The rotifer community of the canyon shaped Slapy Reservoir was studied over four years, from 2000 to 2003. A total of 38 rotifer taxa were identified in the pelagial zone. The dominant species, Keratella cochlearis, K. quadrata, Polyarthra dolichoptera, P. vulgaris, Synchaeta lakowitziana and Pompholyx sulcata, were similar to other reservoirs in the same area. Tychoplanktic species, which are typical for communities of upstream reservoirs, are reduced in the Slapy Reservoir. The seasonal fluctuation of rotifer abundance is characterized by a significant spring peak, clear water depression, summer peak and sometimes a lower peak in autumn. Fluctuation of the rotifer species shows a highly unified trend through the years with very low variation through the years. It results from the input of hypolimnetic water from an upstream reservoir, which erased a large part of the effect of year to year climatic fluctuations.