Uniform Energy Research Articles

Thin-shell wormholes with non-collapsing dark energy throats connecting flat Minkowski spacetimes

This research revisits the thin-shell wormhole connecting two Minkowski spacetimes — originally introduced by Matt Visser. Upon setting a particular timelike hypersurface with a de-sitter-induced line element, the corresponding thin-shell wormhole (TSW) possesses a minimum radius and a uniform surface energy–momentum tensor in the form of dark energy. The bounded from below radius for the throat implies that it does not collapse. The r−τ profile curve of the hypersurface is a Catenary in r−τ plane where r and τ are the radial coordinate and the proper time on the throat, respectively. It is also shown that while the throat is dynamic, the surface energy–momentum tensor of the dark energy is in the form of an effective cosmological constant in the spherically symmetric TSW. The 4-dimensional cylindrically symmetric TSW with a similar throat profile shares the same features as its spherical counterpart, however, its uniform surface energy–momentum tensor does not mimic an effective cosmological constant. The higher-dimensional generalization of the spherically symmetric TSW admits the same properties as in the 4-dimensional one.

Miniaturized optical system of a laser seeker based on a dynamic and static performance co-design

The laser semi-active seeker, crucial for miniaturizing guided munitions, offers high precision, anti-jamming, and rapid response. Current research focuses on system response, spot parameters, and angular velocity accuracy. With small-caliber munitions on the rise, further miniaturization and weight reduction are essential. This paper proposes a design for an optical system that balances dynamic imaging quality and miniaturized static structure. Using quadrant detector principles, factors affecting detection performance are analyzed to determine the optimal spot size and imaging range. Based on imaging requirements and the optical properties of a dual-reflector structure, we determine the design parameters of the system to achieve a combination of dynamic and static performance. Evaluations using ZEMAX and MATLAB confirm that the system achieves ±4∘ linear and ±8∘ full fields of view, 0.12% distortion, 4.52 mrad angular accuracy, a 15.72 mm axial length, and has the possibility of actual production. The system is compact, with excellent spot roundness, stability, and uniform energy distribution, providing a reference for future guided weapon research.

Application of hydrogen storage in polygeneration microgrids: Case study of wind microgrid in India

Renewable energy based stand-alone microgrids are highly promising to supply electricity to isolated communities and remote locations. However, both buffer and long-term energy storage are essential due to the highly intermittent nature of renewable sources. By employing hydrogen energy storage with fuel cell and electrolyser in these microgrids, multiple outputs such as electricity, heat, water, and fuel, can be achieved. Design, development and optimization of efficient energy storage system remain a key challenge for the stand-alone microgrid technology. One must ensure that the microgrid satisfies the required electric load but is not over-designed, which is achieved by limiting the two performance parameters i.e., unmet electrical load fraction and excess electricity fraction. The capacities of wind turbine, electrolyser and hydrogen storage are optimized corresponding to the limiting values of unmet electrical load (fUL) and excess electricity (fEX) below 10 %. For the location of Ladakh which has rich availability of wind resource, the optimum size of microgrid is observed to be smallest as WT-20 kW, El-20 kW, H2-15 kg with fUL and fEX as 6.4 % and 8.9 % respectively. The Levelised Cost of Energy (LCOE) is also minimum as 0.89 $/kWh for the location of Ladakh. The distribution of wind resource has significant impact on the size of hydrogen storage. Uniform wind energy with higher velocity round the year reduces the capacity of hydrogen energy storage. Kanyakumari has non-uniform wind resource across different months of the year corresponding to which the capacity of H2 storage is as high as 370 kg.

Reduced-dimensional modelling for nonlinear convection-dominated flow in cylindric domains

The aim of the paper is to construct and justify asymptotic approximations for solutions to quasilinear convection–diffusion problems with a predominance of nonlinear convective flow in a thin cylinder, where an inhomogeneous nonlinear Robin-type boundary condition involving convective and diffusive fluxes is imposed on the lateral surface. The limit problem for vanishing diffusion and the cylinder shrinking to an interval is a nonlinear first-order conservation law. For a time span that allows for a classical solution of this limit problem corresponding uniform pointwise and energy estimates are proven. They provide precise model error estimates with respect to the small parameter that controls the double viscosity-geometric limit. In addition, other problems with more higher Péclet numbers are also considered.

Numerical investigation of lean methane flame response to NRP discharges actuation

This study investigates the response of a laminar methane-air flame to Nanosecond Repetitively Pulsed (NRP) discharges in a canonical wall-stabilized burner using a combined experimental and numerical approach. The flow and flame behaviors were modeled using Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) with an Analytically Reduced Chemistry for a precise chemical description. A phenomenological model incorporating detailed plasma kinetics and experimental observations was developed to simulate plasma effects. Zero-dimensional plasma reactor simulations were used to build up a reduced-order model describing discharge energy distribution in the specific conditions studied. Experimental measurements of electrical profiles identified two discharge regimes: a low-energy Corona discharge and a higher-energy Glow discharge, characterized by distinct spatial energy distributions. Experimental flame response analysis revealed three major phases: marginal response up to 100 pulses, a downstream shift of the flame tip, and stabilization after 400 pulses. Numerical simulations indicated that the Corona regime is crucial for explaining initial flame responses, while the Glow regime influences later stages. Adjustments in the Vibrational-Translational (VT) energy relaxation time and energy deposition ratios between fresh and burnt gases were necessary to match experimental observations. Additionally, an accurate modeling of the transient and steady-state flame responses requires integrating both the specificity of the Corona and the Glow discharge regimes. Future work should focus on measuring or theoretically calculating N2(v) relaxation times in CH4-H2O-CO2 mixtures and analyzing the spatial energy distribution of discharges interacting with flames to enhance plasma-combustion coupled models.Novelty and significanceIn this work, a phenomenological plasma-assisted combustion model has been developed, to investigate a laminar premixed stagnation plate burner, focusing on VT energy relaxation time and spatio-temporal energy distribution modeling. For the first time, not only O2, N2 and O but also the fuel and combustion intermediates and products have been considered in the VT relaxation model. It revealed their strong influence on the overall flame response in a case where the discharge crosses a flame front, highlighting the strong beneficial effect of energy deposited in vibrational form. The study questions and investigates the energy distribution from fresh to burnt gases, challenging the conventional uniform energy distribution assumption. The experimental identification of two specific plasma regimes was necessary to predict the transient flame response. Additionally, energy deposited downstream of the flame, in fresh gases, was found to more efficient than in hot gases to enhance combustion.

Shape optimization of a non-uniform piezoelectric bending beam for human knee energy harvester

Abstract Scavenging energy from the human body to provide a sustainable source for electronic devices has gained significant attention. Recently, scientists have focused on harnessing biomechanical energy from human motion. This study was dedicated to developing and optimizing a non-uniform piezoelectric bending beam-based human knee energy harvester. The bimorph non-uniform piezoelectric bending beam consisted of a non-uniform carbon fiber substrate and piezoelectric macro fiber composites. Compared to the uniform piezoelectric bending beam, the non-uniform piezoelectric beam can optimize the shape to improve the average strain, thus improving the energy harvesting efficiency. In this study, eight shape functions, including ellipse, sin, tanh, exponential function, parabola, trigonometric line, and bell curves, were investigated and optimized. The bell curve bending beam was selected and fabricated due to its good performance. Then, a benchmark platform was developed to test the deflection curve and reaction force when the nonuniform bending beam was compressed. Finally, to validate the design, experimental testing on three subjects was conducted when they were equipped with the harvester and walked on a treadmill. Testing results indicated that the non-uniform bending beam-based energy harvester can improve the energy harvesting efficiency by 28.57% compared to the uniform beam-based energy harvester. The output power can reach 18.94 mW when walking at 7.0 km h−1.

Absolute Quantification of Glutathione Using Top-Hat Optics for IR-MALDESI Mass Spectrometry Imaging.

Infrared matrix-assisted laser desorption electrospray ionization (IR-MALDESI) uses an infrared laser to desorb neutral biomolecules with postionization via ESI at atmospheric pressure. The Gaussian profile of the laser with conventional optics results in the heating of adjacent nonablated tissue due to the energy profile being circular. A diffractive optical element (DOE) was incorporated into the optical train to correct for this disadvantage. The DOE produces a top-hat beam profile and square ablation spots, which have uniform energy distributions. Although beneficial to mass spectrometry imaging (MSI), it is unknown how the DOE affects the ability to perform quantitative MSI (qMSI). In this work, we evaluate the performance of the DOE optical train against our conventional optics to define the potential advantages of the top-hat beam profile. Absolute quantification of glutathione (GSH) was achieved by normalizing the analyte of interest to homoglutathione (hGSH), spotting a dilution series of stable isotope labeled glutathione (SIL-GSH), and analyzing by IR-MALDESI MSI with either the conventional optical train or with the DOE incorporated. Statistical comparison indicates that there was no significant difference between the quantification of GSH by the two optical trains as evidenced by similar calibration curves. Results support that both optical trains can be used for qMSI without a change in the ability to carry out absolute quantification but providing the benefits of the top-hat optical train (i.e., flat energy profile and square ablation spots)-for future qMSI studies.

Acid precipitation-hydrothermal synthesis of needle-like hydroxyapatite for protein adsorption from waste phosphogypsum

ABSTRACT In order to promote the high-value utilization of waste phosphogypsum (PG), hydroxyapatite was directly synthesized from PG by acid precipitation-hydrothermal method (PGHAP), which was used for the adsorption of bovine serum albumin (BSA) and lysozyme (LYS). The synthesized PGHAP was characterized by XRD, SEM, FTIR and BET, and the effects of various factors on protein adsorption capacity were studied. The results showed that PGHAP exhibits a clear needle-like morphology, high crystallinity, and an average size of about 200 nm. The pH had the greatest effect on the adsorption of protein, and the highest adsorption capacity was obtained at pH 4.0. In addition, the adsorption mechanism of protein on PGHAP was explored by adsorption kinetics and adsorption isotherm. The adsorption of protein on PGHAP conforms to the Intra-particle diffusion model kinetic model, the maximum adsorption capacity of protein on PGHAP can reach 31 mg/g, which is comparable to other adsorbents in this field. In addition, the adsorption behaviour of PGHAP on protein is more appropriately described by Langmuir isotherm model, which indicates that the binding site with uniform energy on the surface of PGHAP realizes the monolayer adsorption of protein. The main adsorption mechanisms are ion exchange, co-precipitation, complexation reaction and so on. Therefore, the needle-like PGHAP synthesized from waste PG is a protein adsorbent with industrial application potential.

Unravelling NbSe2 single crystal: First principle insights, optical properties, synthesis and X-ray diffraction profile investigation

Niobium diselenide (NbSe2) crystals were synthesized using the chemical vapour transport (CVT) technique. The Generalized Gradient Approximation (GGA) method was used in the density functional theory (DFT) calculation. The Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof (PBE) pseudopotential function was utilised to emphasise the structural, electrical, elastic constant, and optical characteristics of the hexagonal P63/mmc symmetric structured crystalline phase of NbSe2. Additionally, the density of states (DOS) revealed that, at the Fermi level, the Nb (3d) states predominated, with the Se (5p) and Se (5 s) states playing a minor role. The band structure confirmed the crystal's metallic nature, which showed an overlap between the conduction and valence bands. Scherrer method, Williamson-Hall (WH) analysis, Size-Strain Plot (SSP), and Halder-Wagner (HW) plot utilising uniform deformation model (UDM), uniform stress deformation model (USDM), and uniform deformation energy density model (UDEDM) models were used to investigate the X-ray diffraction (XRD) profile. The crystallite size, inherent stress, strain, and energy density parameters were estimated. Optical microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) had both been used to study surface morphology.

Energy criterion for synchronization of neuron populations

Energy regulates the neuron activities, including inter-neuronal communication, biorhythm, and brain function. In this paper, we propose the energy criterion for the synchronization of neuron populations, and neurons tend to be synchronous if the energy variance approaches zero. Furthermore, we investigate the energy distribution of neuron population. The individual energy groups, two or three groups, expand until they merge into a uniform energy group with the increasing of the coupling intensity. Then, the uniform energy group tends to be a Normal distribution when the neuron population is synchronized. The energy criterion and energy distribution for synchronization are confirmed in the chain network, small world network and the scale free network composed by the FithzHugh-Nagumo (FHN) neurons. These results advance the understanding of the role played by the energy in neuron populations.

Experimental and theoretical analysis of strain hardening behavior of friction-stir-welded Al-4.2Zn-3.1Mg aluminium alloy

The strain hardening behavior of friction stir welded AA7039 (Al-4.2Zn-3.1 Mg) alloy was explored in terms of dislocation density, crystallite size, hardening capacity, hardening exponent, and strain hardening rate. Strain hardening behavior was analyzed for base metal and friction stir welded specimens. Four different models were used to calculate the dislocation density viz., Scherrer model, uniform strain model (USM), uniform stress distribution model (USDM), and uniform strain energy distribution model (USDEM). Maximum dislocation density was obtained in base metal for all models (maximum for USM, 3.9 × 10 15 m − 2 ) with a minimum crystallite size of 15.81 nm. The low dislocation density in FSW samples is due to the higher heat input in the FSW process. Strain hardening stages were shown by Kocks–Mecking type plots. Lower strain hardening capacity was obtained for BM, i.e. 0.427 as compared to FSW samples, due to the higher dislocation density of BM. It was determined that there is an inverse relationship between the strain hardening capacity and the strain hardening exponent. Strain hardening rate was higher for BM than FSW specimens, and similar results were obtained from mathematical relations that indicate the adequacy of the results. The ultimate tensile strength was 2.5% higher than the BM at a rotational speed of 1325 rpm, 35 mm/min of welding speed and 1.65° tilt angle. The maximum strength friction stir-welded specimen showed a more ductile fracture surface than the BM because the grain boundary phase disappeared or broke up in the thermomechanical affected zone.

Influence of Laser Power and Rotational Speed on the Surface Characteristics of Rotational Line Spot Nanosecond Laser Ablation of TC4 Titanium Alloy.

The TC4 titanium alloy is widely used in medical, aerospace, automotive, shipbuilding, and other fields due to its excellent comprehensive properties. As an advanced processing technology, laser processing can be used to improve the surface quality of TC4 titanium alloy. In the present research, a new type of rotational laser processing method was adopted, by using a beam shaper to modulate the Gaussian spot into a line spot, with uniform energy distribution. The effects of the laser power and rotational speed on the laser ablation surface of the TC4 titanium alloy were analyzed. The results reveal that the melting mechanism of the material surface gradually changes from surface over melt to surface shallow melt with the increase in the measurement radius and the surface roughness increases first, then decreases and, finally, tends to be stable. By changing the laser power, the surface roughness changes significantly with the variation in the measurement radius. Because low laser power cannot provide sufficient laser energy, the measurement radius corresponding to the surface roughness peak of the microcrack area is reduced. Under a laser power of 11 W, the surface roughness reaches its peak when the measurement radius is 600 μm, which is 200 μm lower than that of a laser power of 12 W, 13 W, and 14 W. By changing the rotational speed, the centrifugal force generated by the rotation of the specimen affects the distribution and re-condensation of the molten pool of the surface. As the rotational speed increases, the shallow pit around the pit is made shallower by the filling of the pit with molten material and the height of the bulge decreases, until it disappears. The surface oxygen content of the material increases first and then decreases with the increase in the measurement radius and gradually approaches the initial surface state. Compared with a traditional laser processing spot, the rotational line spot covers a larger processing area of 22.05 mm2. This work can be used as the research basis for rotational modulation laser polishing and has significance for guiding the innovative development of high-quality and high-efficiency laser processing technology.

The Simons Observatory: Combining cross-spectral foreground cleaning with multitracer B -mode delensing for improved constraints on inflation

The Simons Observatory (SO), due to start full science operations in early 2025, aims to set tight constraints on inflationary physics by inferring the tensor-to-scalar ratio r from measurements of cosmic microwave background (CMB) polarization B-modes. Its nominal design including three small-aperture telescopes (SATs) targets a precision σ(r=0)≤0.003 without delensing. Achieving this goal and further reducing uncertainties requires a thorough understanding and mitigation of other large-scale B-mode sources such as Galactic foregrounds and weak gravitational lensing. We present an analysis pipeline aiming to estimate r by including delensing within a cross-spectral likelihood, and demonstrate it for the first time on SO-like simulations accounting for various levels of foreground complexity, inhomogeneous noise and partial sky coverage. As introduced in an earlier SO delensing paper, lensing B-modes are synthesized using internal CMB lensing reconstructions as well as -like cosmic infrared background maps and LSST-like galaxy density maps. We then extend SO’s power-spectrum-based foreground-cleaning algorithm to include all auto- and cross-spectra between the lensing template and the SAT B-modes in the likelihood function. This allows us to constrain r and the parameters of our foreground model simultaneously. Within this framework, we demonstrate the equivalence of map-based and cross-spectral delensing and use it to motivate an optimized pixel-weighting scheme for power spectrum estimation. We start by validating our pipeline in the simplistic case of uniform foreground spectral energy distributions. In the absence of primordial B-modes, we find that the 1σ statistical uncertainty on r, σ(r), decreases by 37% as a result of delensing. Tensor modes at the level of r=0.01 are successfully detected by our pipeline. Even when using more realistic foreground models including spatial variations in the dust and synchrotron spectral properties, we obtain unbiased estimates of r both with and without delensing by employing the moment-expansion method. In this case, uncertainties are increased due to the higher number of model parameters, and delensing-related improvements range between 27% and 31%. These results constitute the first realistic assessment of the delensing performance at SO’s nominal sensitivity level. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

Microstructural characteristics and mechanical properties of Al-Cu alloys fabricated via 8-shaped oscillating laser wire additive manufacturing

Al–Cu alloy components fabricated by laser wire additive manufacturing (LWAM) generally present coarse columnar grains and poor mechanical properties. This study proposes a new strategy, integrating an 8-shaped beam oscillation and laser directed energy deposition, to solve these issues. The impacts of oscillation frequencies and amplitudes on the energy flux distribution and macro morphology of the single-bead deposited layer are investigated. The influences of beam oscillation on the microstructural characteristics and tensile properties of Al–Cu alloys fabricated by oscillating laser wire additive manufacturing (O-LWAM) are revealed. A high-frequency oscillating laser achieves a uniform energy flux distribution and improves the surface quality of the deposited layer. The <100> texture in the O-LWAM specimen decreases markedly owing to the columnar to equiaxed transition. The Cu element content at grain boundaries in the O-LWAM specimen is reduced by 52.6 %. The ultimate tensile strength of O-LWAM specimens in the horizontal and vertical orientations reach 334.2 and 327.3 MPa, respectively, which increased by 40.7 % and 64.6 % compared to those of the LWAM specimen. The substantial enhancement in strength and plasticity is attributed to fine-grain strengthening.

Computational modeling and virtual analysis using a moving heat source to join AZ61A and AA7075 alloys with the application of a titanium alloy interlayer

Laser beam welding (LBW) uses a concentrated laser beam to fuse materials, providing benefits such as a smaller heat-affected zone (HAZ), speed, accuracy, adaptability across multiple materials, and seamless adoption into automation processes. Achieving optimal weld quality with LBW remains difficult due to the need to select the appropriate welding process variables and proper interlayer between dissimilar materials. Due to the high cost and safety risks to operators and equipment in LBW, it is challenging to use the practical experiment. Additionally, welding materials with high thermal conductivity and lower melting temperatures, such as AZ61A and AA7075, is a considerable challenge. Previous research focused on process parameters in laser beam welding of various metals, but not enough consideration has been given to the effect of a titanium interlayer on AA7075 and AZ61A using virtual data. This study aims to fill these gaps by using simulation data to assess the effects of process parameters and the titanium interlayer during LBW of dissimilar materials. A backpropagation neural network with the gradient descent learning rule was used for optimization, and a central composite design was used to predict the optimal process parameter interaction. The result indicates the optimum equivalent strain is obtained at the values of beam radius between 4.5 to 5 mm. The maximum equivalent stress reached during welding speed is between 4 to 4.5 mm/s. The maximum residual stress was obtained at the number of segments of 160. The predicted maximum and average anticipated errors for peak temperature are 0.1655 % and 0.0210 %, while for residual stress it is computed as 0.1766 % and 0.0754 %. The Ti-interlayer in magnesium and aluminum laser welding reduces peak temperatures, allows for uniform energy distribution, minimizes localized heating, and enhances weld quality while lowering residual stress.

Uniform Molecular Adsorption Energy‐Driven Homogeneous Crystallization and Dual‐Interface Modification for High Efficiency and Thermal Stability in Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells

AbstractInterfacial defects between perovskite and adjacent charge transport layers present a significant obstacle, hindering the enhancement of power conversion efficiency (PCE) and stability in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). To address this challenge, a dual‐interface modification is proposed to aim at improving the performance of mixed‐halide PSCs. Specifically, the hole‐collecting side is modified with 5‐Aminopyridine‐2‐carboxylic Acid (APC), while the electron‐collecting side is modified with 2‐thiopheneethylammonium chloride (TEACl). The multifunctional APC enhances charge transfer by tailoring the interface between the perovskite and poly(triarylamine) (PTAA) through multiple bonding interactions, thereby suppressing interfacial nonradiative recombination. Density functional theory studies reveal that APC on the perovskite surface induces uniform adsorption energy, promoting homogenous crystallization without residual stress. Additionally, APC interlayer eliminates the localized edge states induced by the iodine vacancies near the conduction band edge. Further improvement in the device performance is achieved by passivating the top perovskite surface with TEACl, leading to well‐matched energy bands and reduced vacancy trap states. As a result, champion cell achieves a PCE of 24.87% with an open‐circuit voltage of 1.188 V. Furthermore, The dual‐interface modification improves thermal stability due to enhanced ion‐migration activation energy.

Analysis and numerical methods for nonlocal‐in‐time Allen‐Cahn equation

AbstractIn this paper, we investigate the nonlocal‐in‐time Allen‐Cahn equation (NiTACE), which incorporates a nonlocal operator in time with a finite nonlocal memory. Our objective is to examine the well‐posedness of the NiTACE by establishing the maximal regularity for the nonlocal‐in‐time parabolic equations with fractional power kernels. Furthermore, we derive a uniform energy bound by leveraging the positive definite property of kernel functions. We also develop an energy‐stable time stepping scheme specifically designed for the NiTACE. Additionally, we analyze the discrete maximum principle and energy dissipation law, which hold significant importance for phase field models. To ensure convergence, we verify the asymptotic compatibility of the proposed stable scheme. Lastly, we provide several numerical examples to illustrate the accuracy and effectiveness of our method.

Local thermodynamics and entropy for relativistic hydrostatic equilibrium

By refining the method proposed in Aoki et al. (2021) [5], entropy current and entropy density for a relativistic hydrostatic equilibrium system with spherical symmetry are constructed as a non-Nöther conserved charge in the Einstein gravity with cosmological constant. It is shown that the constructed entropy density satisfies both the local Euler relation and the first law of thermodynamics non-perturbatively with respect to the Newton constant. Finally the established relativistic thermodynamics is applied to one of the systems with uniform energy density as a crude model of a degenerate star and its local thermodynamic observables are determined analytically.

Impact of Scattering Foil Composition on Electron Energy Distribution in a Clinical Linear Accelerator Modified for FLASH Radiotherapy: A Monte Carlo Study.

This study investigates how scattering foil materials and sampling holder placement affect electron energy distribution in electron beams from a modified medical linear accelerator for FLASH radiotherapy. We analyze electron energy spectra at various positions-ionization chamber, mirror, and jaw-to evaluate the impact of Cu, Pb-Cu, Pb, and Ta foils. Our findings show that close proximity to the source intensifies the dependence of electron energy distribution on foil material, enabling precise beam control through material selection. Monte Carlo simulations are effective for designing foils to achieve desired energy distributions. Moving the sampling holder farther from the source reduces foil material influence, promoting more uniform energy spreads, particularly in the 0.5-10 MeV range for 12 MeV electron beams. These insights emphasize the critical role of tailored material selection and sampling holder positioning in optimizing electron energy distribution and fluence intensity for FLASH radiotherapy research, benefiting both experimental design and clinical applications.

Adjustment mechanism of blasting dynamic-static action in the water decoupling charge

Water decoupling charge blasting excels in rock breaking, relying on its uniform pressure transmission and low energy dissipation. The water decoupling coefficients can adjust the contributions of the stress wave and quasi-static pressure. However, the quantitative relationship between the two contributions is unclear, and it is difficult to provide reasonable theoretical support for the design of water decoupling blasting. In this study, a theoretical model of blasting fracturing partitioning is established. The mechanical mechanism and determination method of the optimal decoupling coefficient are obtained. The reliability is verified through model experiments and a field test. The results show that with the increasing of decoupling coefficient, the rock breaking ability of blasting dynamic action decreases, while quasi-static action increases and then decreases. The ability of quasi-static action to wedge into cracks changes due to the spatial adjustment of the blast hole and crushed zone. The quasi-static action plays a leading role in the fracturing range, determining an optimal decoupling coefficient. The optimal water decoupling coefficient is not a fixed value, which can be obtained by the proposed theoretical model. Compared with the theoretical results, the maximum error in the model experiment results is 8.03%, and the error in the field test result is 3.04%.