Unified Theory Of Gravity Research Articles

Phenomenological Aspects of a Unified Theory of Gravity and Matter

In this work we analyze a few of the phenomenological implications of a theory of gravity and matter (Y theory of fields) introduced and described in previous works. We show that the laws of elastic collisions and of electromagnetism can be derived directly as gravitational effects and in first orders they are conformal to the status-quo. However there are small experimental deviations from the actual knowledge in the presence of an external gravitational field. These are within reach of our experimental capability.

Six-Dimensional Manifold with Symmetric Signature in a Unified Theory of Gravity and Electromagnetism

A six dimensional manifold of symmetric signature (3,3) is proposed as a space structure for building combined theory of gravity and electromagnetism. Special metric tensor is proposed, yielding the space which combines the properties of Riemann, Weyl and Finsler spaces. Geodesic line equations are constructed where coefficients can be divided into depending on the metric tensor (relating to the gravitational interaction) and depending on the vector field (relating to the electromagnetic interaction). If there is no gravity, the geodesics turn into the equations of charge motion in the electromagnetic field. Furthermore, symmetric six-dimensional electrodynamics can be reduced to traditional four-dimensional Maxwell system, where two additional time dimensions are compactified. A purely geometrical interpretation of the concept of electromagnetic field and point electric charge is proposed.

Magnetic and Electrical Fields are not Invisible Fields but Real Mechanical Waves and vortices that shape throw Space Fabric Structure, Unified Theory of Gravity And Magnetism, The Physical Origin OF Lorentz Transformation

One of the fundamental forces in nature is the electromagnetic force which is responsible for attraction and repulsion forces between charged particles, this force is consider until now invisible force and do not need medium shape in, I introduce this research for show new theory of electromagnetism and it flow throw space time fabric the same fabric gravity force shape throw, I will show in this research that all electromagnetic phenomena shape in the space time fabric structure and it is not invisible, we start that by prove new space time fabric physical property in interaction with matter that the fabric resist matter movement with speed in it with drag force, thus any accelerated particle will produce mechanical wave follow it in space time fabric.
 Then we redefine space fabric from information in Alquran ALkareem and it is not vacuum but kind of structure that filled with matter but that matter is even and smooth without separation between its particles and atoms like ordinary matter and its real name is asmaa. according to concept that space fabric medium resist matter speed by drag force we will re understand electromagnetism phenomena.
 Electron has very fast spinning movement in space fabric this will create circular wave in space fabric around electron as it resist matter speed, this wave is real mechanical wave that has force, if another electron get near the first their waves will make the two electrons move away from each other by wave pressure this called now repulsion force between electron or electrons has negative charge, we knew that atoms nucleus contain protons and neutrons and each contain three elementary particles called quarks, each quark has fast spin movement and will make circular wave around each one in space fabric, but quarks are close together by nuclear fore which is bigger than their waves repulsion force thus their waves will combined making big circular waves in space fabric around nucleus which known now as atom energy level or atoms orbits.
 We will also show that magnetic fields are vortices or waves in space fabric that if we have direct current of electrons in wire all their circular electrons waves number will add together as electrons move similarly in same direction in wire make big circular real waves around wire in space fabric this is called now magnetic fields, and if we make this current of electron in wire alternative current, electron will move up and down making also their waves move up and down and due to space fabric physical properties this disturbance in space fabric will make transverse wave in space fabric structure moving away from wire with fixed speed depend on medium properties and this is called now electromagnetic waves, then found that Maxwell conclude his electromagnetic forces equation based on same final results of this research.
 We will also illustrate special relativity experiment in concept that space fabric resist particles speed and the more object speed increase in space fabric the more its internal elections normal speed decrease not that speed of light is the ultimate speed and we will find drag force equation on particle or object accelerated in pace fabric , and from Maxwell equations we will find that drag force from space fabric to particles speed proportional to this factor which scientist Lorentz discover by pure numerical try and error .
 We will also calculate space fabric drag force on electron moving in speed near light speed.
 We also will know that the famous energy to mass relation come also from that drag force equation.
 Finally we will apply our theory on light generation process and we will get new shape of light other than known today and that shape illustrate clearly why light has dual nature.

Magnetic fields and electrical fields are not invisible fields but mechanical waves in the space fabric structure, unified theory of gravity and magnetism, Definition of space fabric from Al Quran, space fabric mechanics

One of the fundamental forces in nature is the electromagnetic force which is responsible for attraction and repulsion forces between charged particles, electrical and magnetic field and electromagnetic waves and this force is consider until now invisible force and do not need medium, I introduce this research for show new theory of electromagnetism and it flow throw space time fabric and finally relate it with general relativity theory that illustrate gravity force, we will show in research that all electromagnetic phenomena forms in the space time fabric structure and it is not invisible, we start that by prove new space time fabric physical property with matter interaction that the fabric resist matter speed in it, thus any accelerated particle will produce wave follow it in space time fabric, and then we redefine space fabric and it is not vacuum but medium like matter and Allah created it matter but without separation between its particles and it is smoothed and even and Allah mention this information in many phrases in Al quran Al kareem and it name is Asmaa structure, and according to that we will re understand electromagnetism, electron has very fast spinning movement in asmaa this will create circular wave in asmaa around electron as it resist matter speed, this wave is real mechanical wave that has force, if another electron get near the first their waves will move them away from each other this called now repulsion force between electron similar negative charge, we then move to atom where it nucleus contain protons and neutrons and each contain three elementary particles called quarks, each quark has spin movement and will make circular wave around each one in asmaa, but quarks are close together by nuclear fore which is bigger than their waves repulsion thus their waves will combined making big circular waves in asmaa around nucleus which known now as atom energy level, electrons rotate in these atomic waves and as the electron has its own circular wave while orbiting nucleus thus electron wave strength direction will be in the attraction direction from outside to the inside of atom for near electrons and atoms and this known now as atom has positive charge, so atom positive charge do not came from proton but from unpaired electrons in orbits, if we have direct current of electrons wire all their huge electron waves number will add together as they move similarly in same direction and make big circular real waves around wire in asmaa this is called now magnetic fields, and if we make this current of electron in wire alternative current so electron will move up and down making their waves move up and down and due to asmaa physical properties this disturbance in asmaa will make transverse wave in asmaa structure moving away from wire with fixed speed depend on medium properties and this is called now electromagnetic waves and we will also illustrate special relativity experiment in concept that asmaa resist particles speed that make every electrons and particles normal speed moving in clock moving in speedy plane decrease making its clock to slow down not time itself slow down and after I draw the hole theory I discover that Maxwell hypothesis for drawing his equations foe electromagnetism match exactly our results.

Gauss Symbol and Unified Theory of Gravity and Electromagnetic Field in Reissner-Nordstrom and Kerr-Newman Solution

Solutions of unified theory equations of gravity and electromagnetism satisfy Einstein Maxwe ll equation. Hence, solutions of the unified theory is Reissner Nordstrom solution , Kerr Newman solution in vacuum. In this careful point, Einstein gravity field equation’s energy momentum tensor has two sign. Therefore, according to the solution, the sign is treated. We found in revised Einstein gravity tensor equation , the condition is satisf ied by 2 order contravariant metric tensor two times product and Gauss symbol.

Gauss Symbol and Unified Theory of Gravity and Electromagnetic Field in Reissner-Nordstrom and Kerr-Newman Solution

Solutions of unified theory equations of gravity and electromagnetism satisfy Einstein-Maxwell equation. Hence, solutions of the unified theory is Reissner-Nordstrom solution, Kerr-Newman solution in vacuum. In this careful point, Einstein gravity field equation’s energy-momentum tensor has two sign.Therefore, according to the solution, the sign is treated. We found in revised Einstein gravity tensor equation, the condition is satisfied by 2-order contravariant metric tensor two times product and Gauss symbol.

A Quantum Universe Before the Big Bang(s)?

The predictions of general relativity have been verified by now in a variety of different situations, setting strong constraints on any alternative theory of gravity. Nonetheless, there are strong indications that general relativity has to be regarded as an approximation of a more complete theory. Indeed theorists have long been looking for ways to connect general relativity, which describes the cosmos and the infinitely large, to quantum physics, which has been remarkably successful in explaining the infinitely small world of elementary particles. These two worlds, however, come closer and closer to each other as we go back in time all the way up to the big bang. Actually, modern cosmology has changed completely the old big bang paradigm: we now have to talk about (at least) two (big?) bangs. If we know quite something about the one closer to us, at the end of inflation, we are much more ignorant about the one that may have preceded inflation and possibly marked the beginning of time. No one doubts that quantum mechanics plays an essential role in answering these questions: unfortunately a unified theory of gravity and quantum mechanics is still under construction. Finding such a synthesis and confirming it experimentally will no doubt be one of the biggest challenges of this century’s physics.

Exact Solutions of the Field Equations for Empty Space in the Nash Gravitational Theory

John Nash has proposed a new theory of gravity. We define a Nash-tensor equal to the curvature tensor appearing in the Nash field equations for empty space, and calculate its components for two cases: 1. A static, spherically symmetric space; and 2. The expanding, homogeneous and isotropic space of the Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) universe models. We find the general, exact solution of Nash’s field equations for empty space in the static case. The line element turns out to represent the Schwarzschild-de Sitter spacetime. Also we find the simplest non-trivial solution of the field equations in the cosmological case, which gives the scale factor corresponding to the de Sitter spacetime. Hence empty space in the Nash theory corresponds to a space with Lorentz Invariant Vacuum Energy (LIVE) in the Einstein theory. This suggests that dark energy may be superfluous according to the Nash theory. We also consider a radiation filled universe model in an effort to find out how energy and matter may be incorporated into the Nash theory. A tentative interpretation of the Nash theory as a unified theory of gravity and electromagnetism leads to a very simple form of the field equations in the presence of matter. It should be noted, however, that the Nash theory is still unfinished. A satisfying way of including energy momentum into the theory has yet to be found.

The use of symbolic calculations in post-Riemannian and multidimensional theories of gravity

We have developed new methods of using symbolic computer calculations for four- and higher-dimensional, geometrically generalized spaces. In particular, we work with differential identities in order to check the variational field equations of a conformal theory of gravity with a scalar field in Weyl-Cartan space. To simplify the navigation, we have worked out a graphic user interface, making it possible to solve problems of a post-Riemannian theory of gravity in Weyl-Cartan space, as well as those of the Kaluza-Klein five-dimensional unified theory of gravity and electromagnetism, in particular, in the external form formalism.

THE CLIFFORD SPACE GEOMETRY OF CONFORMAL GRAVITY AND U(4) × U(4) YANG–MILLS UNIFICATION

It is shown how a conformal gravity and U (4) × U (4) Yang–Mills grand unification model in four dimensions can be attained from a Clifford gauge field theory in C-spaces (Clifford spaces) based on the (complex) Clifford Cl (4, C) algebra underlying a complexified four-dimensional space–time (eight real dimensions). Upon taking a real slice, and after symmetry breaking, it leads to ordinary gravity and the Standard Model in four real dimensions. A brief conclusion about the noncommutative star-product deformations of this Grand Unified Theory of gravity with the other forces of Nature is presented.

Kaluza-Klein or fiber bundles?

Two basic geometric approaches to the modern theory of gauge fields are analyzed and compared. The first approach is an extension of the Kaluza-Klein unified theory of gravity and electromagnetism (1921). The second approach generalizes Cartan's formulation (1925) of Riemannian geometry and GR which now is transformed to fiber bundle theory. The goal of this paper is to show that the above-mentioned geometric approaches to the classical gauge field theory are nonequivalent and lead to different forms of quantum gauge field theory. Bibliography:12 titles.

UNIFICATION OF GRAVITY, GAUGE AND HIGGS FIELDS BY CONFINED QUANTUM FIELDS – MATHEMATICAL FORMULATION

Dynamics of quantized free fields (of spin 0 and 1/2) contained in a subspace V* of an (N+4)-dimensional flat space V is studied. The space V* is considered as a neighborhood of a four-dimensional submanifold M arbitrarily embedded into V. We study the system as a simple model of unified theory of gravity (g), SO (N) gauge fields (A) and Higgs fields (ɸ). In this paper classical treatment of the system is given. We show that, especially when the fields have spin 1/2, the system is described by an infinite number of fields in interacting with g, A and ɸ. The fields g, A and ɸ are induced themselves by embedding functions of M and correspond respectively to induced metric, normal connection and extrinsic curvature of M.

Unification of Gravity, Gauge and Higgs Fields by Confined Quantum Fields

Dynamics of quantized free fields (of spin 0 and 1/2) contained in a subspace V* of an N +4 dimensional flat space Vis studied. The space V* is considered as a neighborhood of a four dimensional submanifold M arbitrarily embedded into V. We study the system as a simple model of unified theory of gravity (g), SO(N) gauge fields (A) and Higgs fields (¢). We show that Einstein SO(N)-Yang-Mills Higgs theory is induced as a low energy effective theory of the system. The fields g, A and ¢are induced themselves by embedding functions of M and correspond respectively to induced metric, normal connection and extrinsic curva­ ture of M.

Vacuum cosmological solution in a 6D universe

A simple vacuum cosmological solution that is a function ofct, Gm/c2 andeG1/2/C2 is obtained in the 6D space-time-mass-charge universe which is proposed by Wesson [1] with the introduction of the sixth coordinate of charge in order to obtain a unified theory of gravity and electromagnetism along the line of his original 5D space-time-mass universe [2]. It reduces to a similar solution to that of the radiation era in the 4D FRW universe through the compactifications of the extra dimensions. The trajectory of a “test particle” in the 6D universe is also studied by using the solution.

Evolution of the Universe through the Planck epoch

The problem of the Universe emerging out of the Planck epoch is discussed. It is pointed out that an earlier exponential expansion phase well before the onset of the GUTs phase transition is essential. Such an expansion can occur owing to the breaking of scale invariance at Planck energies in a unified theory of gravity with other interactions.

A note on the geometric unification of gravity and electromagnetism

In recent years there have been many authors that have sought ageometrically unified theory of gravity and electromagnetism. It will be argued that the motivation behind the search for such a unified theory on geometric grounds alone is both erroneous and misleading. It is felt that any new unified theory of gravity and electromagnetism must include an explanation of why the existing theory is inadequate, and should provide clear physical reasons for introducing new fields (or field equations) that appear in the theory.

On the Structure of Space, Time and Field

A unified theory of gravity and other interactions is proposed. We are guided by the principle of equivalence of space-time and field and by Mach's principle. Fundamental Lagran­ gian is assumed to describe the whole universe on the one hand and local physical phenomena on the other. A condensed scalar field determines both the structure of the universe and that of the group of grand unification: The Hubble constant and deacceleration parameter are related to the grand unification group. One remarkable feature of our theory is the dependence of the gravitational and the gauge coupling constants on the cosmological time.

Stationary, spherically symmetric solutions of Jordan's unified theory of gravity and electromagnetism

All stationary, spherically symmetric solutions of Jordan's unified theory of gravity and electromagnetism are constructed. Conditions for the solutions are given to represent black holes with nonvanishing mass, electric and magnetic charge.