Unified Plan Research Articles

UNDERSTANDING CERTAIN ASPECTS OF MILITARY STRATEGY

Strategy is the most sophisticated form of military art, encompassing the theory and practice of organizing a nation's armed forces for war and managing large-scale military operations (known as strategic operations). Strategy is derived from and follows political policy, serving as a unified plan for all branches of the military. Military strategy involves diminishing an adversary’s physical capacity and willingness to fight, continuing this effort until one’s objectives are met. It occurs in both wartime and peacetime and may involve the use of force, either directly or indirectly, as a threat. Military strategy is typically divided into four components: ends (objectives), ways (courses of action), means (resources), and risk. The practice of military strategy is described alongside military power, which is enhanced by nine “principles of war”: objective, maneuver, surprise, mass, economy of force, offensive, security, simplicity, and unity of command. A general will likely employ combinations of military strategies, integrating them into a series of operations or campaigns. The term "strategy" originates from the ancient Greek "Strategos," meaning military leader. It is derived from the words "Stratos" (soldier, army) and "Ago" (management, leadership). The practice of military strategy involves the planning and execution of operations aimed at achieving specific objectives in warfare. Military power is bolstered by nine key principles of war: First of all, focus efforts on a clearly defined goal and position forces effectively to gain a tactical advantage. Also, strike the enemy unexpectedly to disrupt their plans and concentrate combat power at the decisive point to overwhelm the enemy. Furthermore, allocate resources efficiently to maximize effectiveness and take the initiative to seize and maintain the advantage. Next principles are the protection one's own forces and information from enemy actions and ensure plans and orders are straightforward and clear. Finally, maintain a centralized command structure for coherent strategy execution. These principles guide military leaders in crafting strategies that effectively utilize available resources and achieve desired outcomes in conflict scenarios.

New urban agenda: sustainable development goals, urban mobility and healthy cities

The trends of modern urban planning are studied, namely two of its urban planning concepts - “Plan for Sustainable Urban Mobility” and “Healthy City”, their theoretical development within the framework of adopted documents, agendas and programs for sustainable development. The goals of sustainable development are studied, the achievement of which is devoted to the documents “New Urban Development Program” and the declaration “Agenda for Sustainable Development for the period up to 2030”. It is concluded that sustainable development considers the integration of goals in territorial planning, environmental protection and public health, achieving social and gender equality, housing policy, and transport development as the basis for unified urban planning.

Application of Hierarchical and Progressive Teaching Methods in Gastroscopy Simulation Training Education of Emergency Department Physicians

The purpose of this study is to explore the application of hierarchical progressive teaching methods in emergency department physicians. Traditional medical education methods usually adopt a unified teaching plan, which cannot meet the learning needs of different students. Therefore, this study introduced the hierarchical and progressive teaching method and developed a personalized learning plan according to the gastroscopy skill level and needs of physicians. Methods through comparative research, including assessing trainees’ skill level, group learning, implementing personalized education, providing real-time feedback, and regular assessment. The results showed that the students who applied the hierarchical progressive teaching method showed a significant improvement in the gastroscopy skill assessment. They were more actively involved in classroom activities, and their learning satisfaction was improved significantly. Compared with traditional teaching methods, the hierarchical progressive teaching method has higher educational efficiency, enabling students to master skills more quickly. Furthermore, standardized assessment tools make it easier to measure trainees’ skill levels. Therefore, this study concluded that the hierarchical progressive approach is an effective educational strategy that can be used to improve the gastroscopy skills and medical quality of ED physicians. Future studies could further explore how to further improve and optimize this educational approach.

Integrating Course and Certificate Teaching: Practical Exploration of Enhancing English Vocational Skills under the “1+X” Certificate System

This article explores the implementation path of the “1+X” certificate system in vocational college English teaching, specifically how to integrate VETS (Vocational English Test System) level examination teaching with daily teaching. The article analyzes the current situation and dilemmas of course-certificate integration teaching, including the separation of teaching content, the lack of practical ability among teachers and the absence of a unified teaching plan. Subsequently, it proposes the characteristics and design ideas of course-certificate integration teaching, emphasizing the role of the course in cultivating compound talents. A specific case demonstrates how to integrate “Advanced International English for Vocational Colleges” with the VETS primary tutorial to enhance students’ language skills, vocational skills and international perspective and shape the correct professional concepts.

A Cross-Sectional Study of Pediatric Enhanced Recovery After Surgery in 23 Medical Institutions Across 17 Provinces and Cities in China

Objectives: The study aims to assess the current state of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) in children across 23 medical institutions in China, providing data to support the management and policy-making of ERAS. Methods: In April 2023, a survey was conducted using convenience sampling among the pediatric surgical units of the National Medical Center's Pediatric Nursing Alliance. Data were collected using a specifically designed pediatric ERAS questionnaire, which included information on hospital demographics, surgical volumes, nurse-to-bed ratios, ERAS implementation status, and the primary challenges and obstacles in implementing ERAS programs. Results: The survey revealed that 21 out of the 23 hospitals (91.3%) had implemented ERAS programs, but only 6 (26.1%) had dedicated ERAS nurses. The challenges faced in implementing ERAS included the lack of ERAS clinical guidelines for specific diseases, the absence of unified quality control plans in hospitals, insufficient understanding of ERAS among medical staff, and the lack of hospital-level policy support. Conclusions: While the implementation of ERAS is a growing trend in pediatric surgical care, there is a significant shortage of specialized ERAS nurses, and various obstacles still hinder the widespread adoption of pediatric ERAS. Future research should focus on developing disease-specific ERAS clinical guidelines and establishing uniform ERAS quality control standards. Hospital administrators should provide policy support following ERAS implementation in their departments to facilitate the progression of ERAS.

Combating obesity in Southeast Asia countries: current status and the way forward

Obesity is gaining prominence as a serious public health challenge in the Southeast Asia (SEA) region, with an alarming rate of increase in its prevalence. Countries in the region have shown commitment to curbing the rise of obesity by establishing policies, strategies, and action plans. This paper summarises the current situation and strategies undertaken to combat obesity and related chronic diseases. Although a range of policies and strategies have been developed, including national nutrition action plans, community intervention programmes, fiscal measures, nutrition labelling to promote healthier choices, countries in the region are struggling to make significant progress toward halting the scourge of obesity. It is imperative to strengthen existing health systems with a paradigm shift from a focus on “sick care” to and enhancing nutrition initiatives to support obesity prevention. A comprehensive and coordinated approach is essential, one that emphasises high-level coordination across all levels of government and multiple sectors, and a unified plan rather than fragmented initiatives. For strategies to be effective and sustainable, they must address the fundamental environmental determinants of poor dietary choices and nutritional inequalities. A more holistic approach is clearly needed to improve the entire food environment, which in SEA countries must include the multitude of eating places where large segments of the population “eat out” everyday to meet their energy and nutrient needs. There is a recognised need for more comprehensive measures to promote healthy eating among school children and ensure a supportive environment for lifelong healthy habits. This paper calls for a whole-of-government, whole-of-society approach that combines changes to the fundamental food environment and accompanied by systematic monitoring and surveillance systems to achieve long-lasting health outcomes.

The unified command plan for a new Cold War

The unified command plan for a new Cold War

Medical occupational check-ups during the COVID-19 pandemic in the European Union.

Given the enormous scale of the COVID-19 pandemic affecting the healthcare sector, limited human resource capacity, and efforts to prevent the spread of COVID-19, occupational health protection could not escape changes. The aim was to identify and compare the regulations regarding the provision of medical occupational check-ups (MOCs) during the pandemic in all European Union member states (EU MS). The study employed the Delphi method, involving experts from EU MS to assess MOC regulations between January 2020 and May 2021. Experts were queried regarding the existence and specifics of MOC regulations, particularly for entrance and periodic MOCs at hazardous and non-hazardous workplaces. Out of the 27 EU MS surveyed, 13 EU MS did not regulate MOCs, while 14 EU MS (51.6%) regulated the provision of MOCs. The regulations were changes in the way MOCs were provided, modifications (postponement in time, alternative provision, e.g. using telemedicine or online connection, or replacing the medical certificate of fitness to work based on the MOC with a declaration by the worker), or interruption without compensation, even for hazardous works. The regulations were in effect for different lengths of time and varied in some countries during the study period. The cumulative duration of MOC interruptions in all EU MS during the study period was 137 months (7.5% of the cumulative study period of 1836 months). Given the different approaches to the provision of MOCs in EU MS, it has proved appropriate to develop an optimal unified framework plan for future similar situations.

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma with leptomeningeal metastases has been treated with comprehensive treatment for long-term survival: A case report and literature review.

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma has a high incidence in East and Southeast Asia, often with distant metastasis. However, leptomeningeal metastasis (LM) is extremely rare and usually has a poor prognosis. This paper reports the clinical treatment of a patient with meningeal metastasis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) in order to improve the clinician's understanding of the disease. Early diagnosis of the disease can alleviate the pain of patients and prolong their survival time. We report the case of a 55-year-old female with a history of NPC with LM. Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed temporal lobe enhancement, peripheral edema, and enhancement of the adjacent meninges. Cerebrospinal fluid cytology suggests the presence of malignant tumor cells. The patient was diagnosed with LM from NPC. The patients were regularly given targeted therapy with nimotuzumab, immunotherapy with karyolizumab, and lumbar intrathecal methotrexate chemotherapy and supportive treatment. The patient had survived for 3 years since the diagnosis of LM and was in good condition and still under active antitumor treatment. Leptomeningeal metastasis of NPC is a rare disease. Although there is currently no unified treatment plan, the neurological symptoms can still be controlled and the quality of life can be improved through active treatment.

Design and Simulation of Multi Unmanned Boat Cooperative Obstacle Avoidance System Based on 5G Edge Computing

Background:: Compared to single unmanned boat, multi unmanned boats have more flexible mobility and efficient task completion capabilities, which can effectively expand the types of tasks. However, the traditional independent path planning and obstacle avoidance methods of unmanned boats are difficult to meet the requirements of collaborative operation among multiple unmanned boats due to the lack of information exchange. Objective:: According to the actual demand of multi unmanned boats' cooperative operation, a method of multi unmanned boats cooperative obstacle avoidance based on 5G edge computing is proposed to realize the unified planning and scheduling of multi unmanned boats. Methods:: Firstly, 5G technology and Kubeedge edge computing tools are used to build a multi unmanned boat collaborative obstacle avoidance system based on cloud, edge and end collaboration, and the Kubeedge edge computing platform was optimized by optimizing communication strategies, building a highly available Kubeedge cluster, building a Harbor image center, and using Web management interfaces further to improve the reliability and stability of the system. Secondly, the YOLOR-Deepport multi-target recognition and tracking algorithm based on cloud, edge and end collaborative network is used to complete the recognition and tracking tasks of obstacle targets, and a set of EECBS path planning methods based on the Kubedge centralized control platform is designed to plan collision-free and efficient paths for each unmanned boat in realtime. Finally, the effectiveness of the system was verified through simulation experiments. Results:: The experimental results show that compared to the traditional autonomous planning obstacle avoidance method for unmanned boats, the collaborative planning obstacle avoidance method proposed in this paper can exhibit excellent performance in dense and narrow scenarios, with a more reasonable navigation path, a range reduction of 20% - 50%, and higher safety. Conclusion:: The results show that the cooperative obstacle avoidance system based on 5G edge computing designed in the paper is feasible, and it can effectively realize the cooperative path planning and obstacle avoidance of multi unmanned boats.

Evaluating the spatiotemporal dynamics of ecosystem service supply-demand risk from the perspective of service flow to support regional ecosystem management: A case study of yangtze river delta urban agglomeration

The inappropriate spatio-temporal distribution of natural capital during rapid urbanization has increased ecosystem service supply-demand (ESSD) risks, posing great challenges to the sustainable growth of human well-being, especially in urban agglomerations. Although methods focusing on the spatial match or temporal dynamics of ESSD in risk assessment have been established, a comprehensive understanding of the spatial dynamics underlying ecosystem service flows (ESF) is still missing. Due to the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of various ESSD risks within urban agglomerations, incorporating these elements into a unified spatial planning framework is still difficult. This study integrated the spatio-temporal analysis method of ESSD considering ESF and the spatial clustering method to propose an ESSD risk assessment and management framework: evaluating ES supply, demand and flow, incorporating ESF to quantify ESSD across various timeframes, assessing ESSD risks based on the current status and dynamic trends, and using Self-Organizing Map to identify optimal ESSD risk bundles (ESSDR_Bs). The results showed high ESSD risks of high temperature regulation, nitrogen purification, phosphorus purification, and food production in Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration. While the ESSD risks of biodiversity conservation, carbon sequestration, soil retention, water yield, and tourism culture were relatively low, a concerning trend of decreasing surpluses was observed in general. In addition, six ESSDR_Bs were identified, and differentiated ecological management strategies were proposed for each bundle. This study provided a novel perspective for efficiently understanding and regulating the ESSD risks in urban agglomerations.

STANDARDISED SOCIAL WORK METHODS AND STRATEGIES IN THE ROLES OF CHILD PROTECTION WORKERS: A REPORT FROM KUWAITIS CHILD PROTECTION WORKERS

Protection workers around the world are faced with methods and strategies to protect children at risk. Therefore, this article aims to identify the methods that are applied in the State of Kuwait by workers in the field of child protection in hospitals and community police, as well as the Kuwaiti Development Office. In-depth, semi-structured interviews were conducted on 12 workers. The study utilized the qualitative approach, employing phenomenology as a research design. The data gathering technique involves conducting a comprehensive in-depth interview and performing analysis through the utilization of NVivo software. The results showed that there are different methods used to protect children, the interviews also revealed that the counseling service is provided through the Social Development Office and that there is a demand from hospital workers to provide counseling services. The results also showed that there is no unified safety plan in place. The study suggests working on standardized methods for working with children at risk, through assessment, trauma-informed care, as well as proper planning for children's safety.

Climate Changes on the Amount of Rain and Temperature from 1990-2018 in Madaba, Jordan using Geographical Information Systems

Climate change is an important topic requiring thorough study due to the importance and increasing impact on the various environmental and human systems. Therefore, this study aimed to clarify the changes observed in the minimum and maximum temperatures, as well as the calculation of rainfall rates during the period spanning 1990 to 2018 in the governorate of Madaba. The amount of rain as well as the average minimum and maximum temperatures were examined through annual, seasonal, and monthly analyses. The comparison results from 2018, 2010, 2000, and 1990 showed that there was an increase in the seasonal, annual, and maximum temperatures for the month of June reaching about 1.51 °C. The month of July and Shahrab reported an elevation of 1.06 °C and 1.26 °C with an annual increase in maximum temperatures of 1.44 °C. Similarly, rainfall rates decreased by 0.05 mm between 1990 and 2018, hence legislative laws were enacted against individuals contributing to climate change. This started with individuals practicing waste and garbage burning, as well as developing unified programs and plans to address the consequences.

The challenge of incorporating ex situ strategies for jaguar conservation

Abstract The loss of biodiversity is an ongoing process and existing efforts to halt it are based on different conservation strategies. The ‘One Plan approach’ introduced by The International Union for Conservation of Nature proposes to consider all populations of a species under a unified management plan. In this work we follow this premise in order to unify in situ and ex situ management of one of the most critically endangered mammals in Argentina, the jaguar (Panthera onca). We assessed pedigrees of captive animals, finding that 44.93% of the reported relatedness was erroneous according to molecular data. Captive individuals formed a distinct genetic cluster. The three remaining locations for jaguars in Argentina constitute two genetic groups, the Atlantic Forest and the Chaco–Yungas clusters. Genetic variability is low compared with other populations of the species in the Americas and it is not significantly different between wild and captive populations in Argentina. These findings demonstrate that genetic studies aiming to include captive individuals into conservation management are very valuable, and should incorporate several parameters such as mean individual relatedness, individual inbreeding, rare and private alleles, and mitochondrial haplotypes. Finally, we discuss two ongoing ex situ management actions and postulate the need for genetic monitoring of the breeding and release of animals.

Analysis of the Application of Storage Resource Pool Technology of Inner Mongolia Power based on the Background of Big Data

With the continuous deepening of the Inner Mongolia Power Company's level of informatization and the continuous expansion of the scale of business and application system construction, the company will also enter the era of big data, and the amount of data will show an explosive growth trend. In order to solve the problems of massive data storage and data value mining faced by the enterprise during its development process, research on the application of storage resource pool technology has been conducted. Ultimately, the unified planning, allocation, and management of storage resources have been achieved, greatly improving the utilization efficiency of storage resources.

Unified path planning for composite UAVs via Fermat point-based grouping particle swarm optimization

This paper is concerned with the problem of path planning for a class of composite unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). The composite UAV in the paper refers to an aerial vehicle consisting of a carrier UAV and several parasite UAVs to be launched, which combines the advantages of long flight range and high flexibility. A Fermat point-based grouping particle swarm optimization (FP-GPSO) algorithm is proposed to simultaneously determine the air-launch position and optimize the resulting multi-segmented paths. In the proposed approach, the particles are initialized into three groups considering the spatial distribution of the air-launch position, and one of the groups makes full use of the geometric property of the Fermat point. An update strategy of particles is then devised, in which not only the global best particle but the group-best particles are utilized to guide the other particles. By this means, as compared to conventional methods, the developed algorithm is more capable of effectively avoiding the local optimum, as such finding the optimal paths. Simulations are provided to demonstrate the superiority of FP-GPSO in path planning for composite UAVs.

Humanistic Health Management and Cancer: Associations of Psychology, Nutrition, and Exercise with Cancer Progression and Pathogenesis.

The incidence rate of cancer is increasing year by year due to the aging of the population, unhealthy living, and eating habits. At present, surgery and medication are still the main treatments for cancer, without paying attention to the impact of individual differences in health management on cancer. However, increasing evidence suggests that individual psychological status, dietary habits, and exercise frequency are closely related to the risk and prognosis of cancer. The reminder to humanity is that the medical concept of the unified treatment plan is insufficient in cancer treatment, and a personalized treatment plan may become a breakthrough point. On this basis, the concept of "Humanistic Health Management" (HHM) is proposed. This concept is a healthcare plan that focuses on self-health management, providing an accurate and comprehensive evaluation of individual lifestyle habits, psychology, and health status, and developing personalized and targeted comprehensive cancer prevention and treatment plans. This review will provide a detailed explanation of the relationship between psychological status, dietary, and exercise habits, and the regulatory mechanisms of cancer. Intended to emphasize the importance of HHM concept in cancer prevention and better prognostic efficacy, providing new ideas for the new generation of cancer treatment.

The Process and Reflection on Sino-foreign Cooperative Education in Vocational Colleges: Taking Anhui Zhong'ao Institute of Technology as an Example

Since 2001, as the first vocational college in Anhui Province to hold a Sino foreign cooperative education program included in the national unified enrollment plan, Anhui Zhong'ao Institute of Technology has conducted a series of explorations and practices in resource introduction, curriculum system, team building, quality assurance system construction, and other aspects of Sino-foreign cooperative education, and has achieved significant results. In 2019, due to reasons such as student sources, the Sino foreign cooperative education program of the college ceased enrollment. This article reviews the process of Sino foreign cooperative education at Anhui Zhongao Vocational and Technical College, analyzes the gains and losses, and identifies the reasons. Based on the environments, and requirements, several suggestions are proposed for improving the quality and efficiency of future Sino-foreign cooperation projects in vocational colleges.

How does regional economic integration affect carbon emission efficiency? Evidence from the Yangtze River Delta, China.

Rapid urbanization and industrialization promote economic growth as well as bring carbon emissions, which seriously threaten the eco-environment and socioeconomic sustainable development. Facing increasing resource constraints, improving carbon emissions efficiency (CEE) is conducive to promote coordinated development of economy and environmental protection. In recent years, regional economic integration (REI) has rapidly developed. It can not only promote factors flow between regions but also achieve industrial and economic agglomeration. However, few studies have been reported in the literature about the relationship between the REI and CEE. In this study, we first illustrate how the REI influences CEE in theory, then take the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) as a case study to conduct empirical research. The results show that (1) the overall CEE value in the YRD has exhibited an upward trend from 2000 to 2020, and its spatial distribution has revealed a significant auto-correlation pattern. (2) On the whole, the REI act a noteworthy positive impact on CEE. When considering types of cities, it is found to have significant positive impacts for the CEE in economically developed cities, while it exhibits a negative impact in the less-developed ones. (3) Upgrading industrial structure and increasing per capita GDP can promote the CEE, but hinder its growth in surrounding areas. Our findings suggest that the government should formulate a unified overall plan to facilitate REI development and establish a modern industrial system of clean and low-carbon to promote regional sustainable development.

Unified Robust Path Planning and Optimal Trajectory Generation for Efficient 3D Area Coverage of Quadrotor UAVs

Unified Robust Path Planning and Optimal Trajectory Generation for Efficient 3D Area Coverage of Quadrotor UAVs