Unified Pattern Research Articles

Photoelectron Spectroscopy and Computational Study on Microsolvated [B10H10]2- Clusters and Comparisons to Their [B12H12]2- Analogues.

Microhydrated closo-boranes have attracted great interest due to their superchaotropic activity related to the well-known Hofmeister effect and important applications in biomedical and battery fields. In this work, we report a combined negative ion photoelectron spectroscopy and quantum chemical investigation on hydrated closo-decaborate clusters [B10H10]2-·nH2O (n = 1-7) with a direct comparison to their analogues [B12H12]2-·nH2O and free water clusters. A single H2O molecule is found to be sufficient to stabilize the intrinsically unstable [B10H10]2- dianion. The first two water molecules strongly interact with the solute forming B-H···H-O dihydrogen bonds while additional water molecules show substantially reduced binding energies. Unlike [B12H12]2-·nH2O possessing a highly structured water network with the attached H2O molecules arranged in a unified pattern by maximizing B-H···H-O dihydrogen bonding, distinct structural arrangements of the water clusters within [B10H10]2-·nH2O are achieved with the water cluster networks from trimer to heptamer resembling free water clusters. Such a distinct difference arises from the variations in size, symmetry, and charge distributions between these two dianions. The present finding again confirms the structural diversity of hydrogen-bonding networks in microhydrated closo-boranes and enriches our understanding of aqueous borate chemistry.

Southward shift of the westerly jet intensified late Holocene dust storms on the Tibetan Plateau

The climate change on the Tibetan Plateau (TP) exhibits a north-south dipole trend during the Holocene. However, it is unclear whether regional differences exist in the variations and driving mechanisms of dust storm activities across the entire TP, and whether these mechanisms align with those found in monsoonal northern China. Here, we present a high-resolution Holocene record of dust storms from an undisturbed lake in the research gap area of the TP, and compile previously published records from other TP regions. Our findings indicate that the dust storm activity increased from the early Holocene to the late Holocene, peaking after 5 cal ka BP. Importantly, our comparison with other dust storm records reveals a unified intensification of dust storm activity across the entire TP during the late Holocene, a pattern distinctly different from the north-south dipole trend of precipitation variation. Moreover, this unified pattern of dust storm intensification across the TP cannot be explained by the decreasing intensity of the East Asian winter monsoon (EAWM) during the Holocene. The observations suggested a limited role for precipitation and EAWM in modulating TP dust storms on the millennial timescale during this period. By contrast, the increases in dust storms on the TP after 5 cal ka BP correlates well to the southward shift of the westerly jet driven by the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). As the NAO transitioned to a negative phase during the late Holocene, a meandering westerly jet shifted southward to the interior of the TP, intensifying wind intensity and leading to dust storm outbreaks.

Gender effect in affective processing: Alpha EEG source analysis on emotional slides and film-clips.

Past research on gender-related brain asymmetries in emotions was limited and not univocal. The present study analyzed EEG alpha activity (indexing cortical de-activation) from 64 scalp sites in 20 women and 20 men during a counterbalanced block presentation of emotional slides and short video-clips. Stimuli consisted of 45 brief clips of 13 s, divided into 15 erotic (pleasant), 15 neutral and 15 fear (unpleasant) contents. Slides consisted in 45 photo shots (presented for 13 s each) extracted from the videos. As expected, women perceived fear stimuli as more arousing and more unpleasant compared to men. Alpha EEG source analysis revealed gender effects depending on stimulus. Emotional film-clips elicited in both groups a pattern of greater right than left occipital activation. Instead, emotional pictures activated opposite occipital regions, as women showed greater activation in the left, men in the right hemisphere. Men also showed greater activation to Erotic compared to Fear stimuli (i.e., pictures/clips) in the posterior parietal complex. Results point to the relevance of emotional stimulus type to reveal gender effects: clips are ecological, dynamic and engaging, and forced a unified pattern of emotional responses that reset individual differences. Emotional pictures, less engaging, allowed individual differences to emerge and interact with the stimulus category.

Fuzzy‐logical self‐organisation system modelling—Illustrating case of self‐organisation Czech restaurants during the Covid‐19 pandemic

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to show how Niklas Luhmann's concept of self‐organization can be formalized using fuzzy logic. This approach is based on the shared assumptions of systems theory and fuzzy logic and focuses on natural language expression and the complexity of social processes. It involves modelling the operations of the system in relation to the fuzziness of the environment, that is, the transformation of environmental stimuli in gradual uncertainty to binary codes of communication. Based on these operations, it is possible to formalize their unified pattern, which shows the observation of past operations and the simultaneous observation of the environment. An example is given of the formalization of restaurant self‐organization in the Czech Republic during the Covid‐19 pandemic. The model illustrates and explains how the restaurant system reduces lockdown as an environment, in other words, how the system stabilizes its behaviour in a complex pandemic period.

The development of blood protein profiles in extremely preterm infants follows a stereotypic evolution pattern

BackgroundPreterm birth is the leading cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity. Early diagnosis and interventions are critical to improving the clinical outcomes of extremely premature infants. Blood protein profiling during the first months of life in preterm infants can shed light on the role of early extrauterine development and provide an increased understanding of maturation after extremely preterm birth and the underlying mechanisms of prematurity-related disorders.MethodsWe have investigated the blood protein profiles during the first months of life in preterm infants on the role of early extrauterine development. The blood protein levels were analyzed using next generation blood profiling on 1335 serum samples, collected longitudinally at nine time points from birth to full-term from 182 extremely preterm infants.ResultsThe protein analysis reveals evident predestined serum evolution patterns common for all included infants. The majority of the variations in blood protein expression are associated with the postnatal age of the preterm infants rather than any other factors. There is a uniform protein pattern on postnatal day 1 and after 30 weeks postmenstrual age (PMA), independent of gestational age (GA). However, during the first month of life, GA had a significant impact on protein variability.ConclusionsThe unified pattern of protein development for all included infants suggests an age-dependent stereotypic development of blood proteins after birth. This knowledge should be considered in neonatal settings and might alter the clinical approach within neonatology, where PMA is today the most dominant age variable.

Rethinking Latin American Archaeology: "Affective Alliances" and Traditional Community-Engagement

The integration of archaeology and community engagement in Latin America remains a new challenge, largely because the multiple social configurations, practices, and theories intrinsic in each need to be considered instead of creating a  unified pattern. In Brazil, there are more than 16,000 communities of Indigenous, Maroon, and traditional membership, all with many demands that test the collaborative capacity of researchers. Seeking a basis for action within a decolonization perspective, this paper provides the theoretical background that outlines some benefits of an affective alliance and collaboration based on the equivalence of knowledge and practices from different epistemes. This paper also offers regional cases of the persistence of agroforestry communities that require the re-evaluation of academic and bureaucratic erasure. On one side, the Tupi Guarani of Peruíbe that manifest interest in recovering the language and practices of their ancestors. On the other side, the persistence of social and cultural practices that started in Indigenous contexts but extended beyond them, with people from different places and times joining the communities of women potters.

Narrative representation of depression, ASD, and ASPD in «Atypical», «My Mad Fat Diary» and «The End of The F***ing World»

Television series act as one of the primary sources of information on mental and neurological disorders. However, research on the accurate representation of mental disorders and clinical reality still lacks, especially since it requires an interdisciplinary approach with higher complexity. This article analyses the narrative depiction of depression, autism without intellectual disability, and antisocial personality disorder in three case studies: Atypical (Netflix, 2017-present), My Mad Fat Diary (E4, 2013-2015), and The End of The F***ing World (E4 & Netflix, 2017-2019). The aim is to identify which stereotypes are still predominant on-screen and determine whether they are reliable with their clinical reality. Hence, the authors propose a narrative content analysis based on the medication, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) and Stahl’s Essential Pharmacology Guide. The authors applied a methodology based on the standard analysis measurement of different case studies under a unified pattern for mental disorders’ intrinsic socio-economic and gender aspects. The results showed that TV series try to opt for better representations, but many still perpetuate misconceptions and misrepresentations due to a tension between showing realistic, educational values (edutainment) and opting for a gripping audio-visual and narrative drama. In conclusion, diverse realities are hardly achieved. Moreover, TV series criticise how the anger is placed on oneself instead of the system.

Notes On Xiaoshuo: Bao Guang Lu

The article from the “Notes on Xiaoshuo” series is a part of a large ongoing research project titled “A Brief History of Chinese Xiaoshuo Prose of the 1st—13th Centuries and is fulfilled within the framework of a unified pattern, which has been adopted by the author to describe written monuments and has been applied in the already published monographs “The Garden of The Marvellous: A Concise History of Chinese Xiaoshuo Prose of the 1st—6th Centuries” (2014) and “The Notes of Innermost Miracles: A Concise History of Chinese Xiaoshuo Prose of the 7th—10th Centuries” (2017). This work is devoted to one of the little known collections of the 10th century titled Bao guang lu (“葆光錄”, “Notes on Concealed Light”) by Chen Zuan (陳纂, 10th c.) The article considers the history of the creation of the text of this collection, analyses its composition, studies the history of publications of Bao guang lu from the first to the modern ones, analyses the themes and subjects of the collection.

Real-world dose reduction of standard and modified FOLFIRINOX in metastatic pancreatic cancer: a systematic review, evidence-mapping, and meta-analysis.

FOLFIRINOX, used in metastatic pancreatic cancer (MPC), is highly efficacious but also toxic. Various dose modifications for FOLFIRINOX have been introduced to reduce toxicity. However, these studies lack a unified pattern for 'planned' dose modification, and the 'actually administered' dose varied more. To map a 10-year trend for 'planned' and 'actual' doses of FOLFIRINOX and investigate the clinical outcomes according to dose modification. A comprehensive systematic literature search was conducted from January 2011 to September 2021. All studies for FOLFIRINOX as first-line treatment in MPC were considered. Selected studies were firstly classified according to prospective versus retrospective research, secondly standard versus modified FOLFIRINOX, and thirdly 'planned' versus 'actual' dose. For evidence-mapping for the trend of dose modification, we developed a web-based interactive bubble-plot program (www.RDI-map.com). Objective response rate (ORR) and hematologic toxicity were set as endpoints for the comparison of clinical outcomes according to dose modification. A total of 37 studies were identified for evidence-mapping (11 prospective and 26 retrospective studies). There were 12 different types of 'planned' dose modification in FOLFIRINOX ranging 75-100% oxaliplatin, 75-100% irinotecan, 0-100% 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) bolus, and 75-133% 5-FU continuous injection. The 'actual' dose further decreased to 54-96%, 61-88%, 0-92%, and 63-98%, respectively. For the standard versus modified FOLFIRINOX, the ORR was 28.2% (95% CI: 22.5-33.9%) and 33.8% (95% CI: 30.3-37.3%), respectively (p = 0.100), and the incidence of febrile neutropenia was 11.6% (95% CI: 0-16.0%) and 5.5% (95% CI: 0-8.9%), respectively (p = 0.030). RDI-map.com enables multifactorial evidence-mapping for practical FOLFIRINOX dose reduction. The pattern of dose modification was not consistent across studies, and there was a significant gap between the 'planned' and 'actual' doses. Modified FOLFIRINOX showed similar efficacy to the standard regimen with reduced incidence of febrile neutropenia.

A unified approach for dynamic characteristic analysis of a standing-wave thermoacoustic engine with general impedance ends

As promising devices for energy conversion, thermoacoustic engines (TAEs) are attracting more and more research attention with regard to renewable thermal energy application. For a TAE, the oscillation frequency is a critical parameter in its design and operation, which can only be estimated currently through an often tedious process using a shooting method or a numerical iteration method, and an analysis model with classical boundary conditions. In this context, this study seeks to establish a unified model for dynamic analysis of a one-dimensional (1D) standing-wave TAE with general impedance ends. First, the differential equations governing the thermoacoustic behavior of the TAE and its impedance boundary conditions are simultaneously solved using the Galerkin method and an improved Fourier series expansion method. Then, the characteristic distributions of oscillation frequency, sound pressure, and volume flow rate are obtained by solving a standard eigenvalue problem. Finally, the effects of engine length, stack length and position, and impedance ends on the dynamic behavior of the TAE’s thermoacoustic system are investigated and analyzed. The results show that engine length has a significantly negative correlation with the modal frequencies in different working gases, and stack position and stack length have a slight effect on the oscillation frequency of the TAE. The arbitrary variations in impedance boundary conditions can be simulated from the open end to the rigid wall and all intermediate cases. The proposed model can efficiently predict changes in dynamic parameters of 1-D TAEs with impedance ends in a unified pattern and can serve as a reliable analysis tool for further research on TAEs coupled with various energy harvesters.

Bandgap mechanism analysis of elastically restrained periodic cylindrical shells with arbitrary periodic thickness

A unified model is established to investigate the wave propagation characteristics of cylindrical shells with arbitrary periodic variable thickness distribution and general boundary conditions. The finite periodic shell including any number of unit cells is considered in a unified pattern using energy principle and Rayleigh-Ritz procedure. System governing equation is formulated based on Love's shell theory, and an improved Fourier series expansion is employed to construct longitudinal, circumferential and radial vibration displacements, in which the unity auxiliary terms are used to overcome differential discontinuity of vibration displacements at elastic boundaries. Arbitrary periodic thickness variation information is condensed into Fourier expansion coefficients. Validity of the proposed model is verified through the comparison with results calculated from WFEM and FEM. High precision and excellent convergence can be observed with only several truncated terms of Fourier series. Results show that the bandgap characteristics is greatly dominated by the variation of shell thickness distributions, which is closely associated with the resonant frequency. Moreover, the translational spring stiffness has a more obvious influence on the bandgap characteristics comparing with the rotational spring stiffness. The mechanism of bandgap characteristics is explained, and the influences of the number of unit cells and boundary reflection on the bandgaps are also investigated.

The Network of Islamic Radicalism: Proposing a Mapping Model

This paper deals with both a theoretical and practical aspect of mapping of the global radical Muslim groups. It will propose a typology of global Muslim radical groups that will be used to formulate a unified pattern and frame to be integrated into a practical and institutional strategy. While the primary purpose is to create a typology and mapping of actors and its activism, this paper also attempts to answer a more profound question related to the cause of divergence, split, and conflict within the global radical networks. The article will show that the global Islamic radical network is deeply rooted in a local context. Almost all global radical organizations thrived in a failed state where state controls and authorities were absent, and its fabric of society was broken by ongoing ethnic and sectarian conflicts, socio-economic crisis, as well as foreign interventions. Borrowing the social movement theory, this paper elaborates Islamic radicalism movement in a broader picture of Islamic activism where its scope covers both peaceful and violence activism. By taking cases from Southeast Asia, the Middle East, and Africa, this paper not only proposes the analysis on the dynamics of Islamic radicalism in a broader landscape but also highlights the matter in a comparative perspective.

Planned and actual dose reduction of standard or modified FOLFIRINOX in metastatic pancreatic cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

e16279 Background: FOLFIRINOX showed high efficacy but also high toxicity in metastatic pancreatic cancer (MPC). To reduce toxicity and maintain efficacy, many kinds of studies on modified FOLFIRINOX have been conducted. However, these studies do not have unified pattern of dose-modification. In addition to the diversity of 'planned dose' in study design for modified FOLFIRINOX, the 'actually administered dose' for patients are much more diverse in the real world studies. We aimed to visualize 10 year trend of ‘planned’ and ‘actual’ dose of FOLFIRINOX in prospective and retrospective trials and investigate clinical outcomes according to dose modification. Methods: A systematic literature search of databases (Medline, Embase, and Scopus) between 1 January 2011 and 30 September 2021 was conducted. Eligible studies included patients treated with FOLFIRINOX as first-line treatment in MPC and reported any type of information in ‘planned’ and ‘actual’ dose of FOLFIRINOX. For evidence mapping sorted by four groups (table 1), a web-based and interactive bubble-plot program (www.RDI-map.com) was developed. For clinical outcome assessment, data on objective response rate (ORR) and hematologic toxicity rate were pooled with random-effect model and compared according to planned dose of FOLFIRINOX. Results: A total of 37 studies were identified for evidence mapping. In the mapping, ‘planned’ dose of FOLFIRINOX ranged with 75–100% for oxaliplatin, 75-100% for irinotecan, 0–100% for 5-fluorouracil (5FU)-push, and 75–133% for 5FU-continuous intravenous injection (CIV), respectively. The ‘actual’ dose of each agents went down to 54–96%, 61–88%, 0–92%, and 63–98%, respectively. In the pooled analysis with 27 studies including clinical outcome, the overall ORR was 30.9% (95% CI, 27.4-34.4%). Comparing planned ‘standard’ FOLFIRINOX with planned ‘modified’ regimen, the ORR was 28.2% [95% CI, 22.5-33.9%] and 33.8% [95% CI, 30.3-37.3%], respectively (P = 0.100). Febrile neutropenia was 11.6% [95% CI, 0-16.0%] and 5.5% [95% CI, 0-8.9%], respectively in the same order ( P = 0.030). Conclusions: The RDI-map.com effectively provided multifactorial evidence-mapping for the practical pattern of dose reduction in FOLFIRINOX, and it revealed a significant gap between ‘planned’ and ‘actual’ dose of FOLFIRINOX. Planned ‘modified’ FOLFIRINOX showed similar efficacy and reduced febrile neutropenia, compared to planned ‘standard’ regimen. This data can serve as a guidance in both prescribing FOLFIRINOX for clinicians and designing further studies for researchers in MPC. [Table: see text]

Revealing mobility pattern of taxi movements with its travel trajectory

Taxi movements contain much mobility information of passengers and taxi drivers in a city. However, previous researches often overlook the continuous movements of a single taxi. In this paper, we study the mobility pattern of taxi movements by analyzing the visiting sequences which record the cells (i.e., locations) being visited by taxis. At the collective level, we observe the weak power-law scaling exists in the relation between the number of visits of a cell and the corresponding number of taxis. At the individual level, we notice some unusual characteristics of continuous movements of a single taxi: (i) the number of different cells that have been visited increase with the visit number and shows a robust scaling behavior; (ii) the cell’s visiting frequency decreases with the rank of the cell and presents as a logarithm function; (iii) The distribution of the number of visits taken to revisit one cell presents as an exponential distribution. The empirical result demonstrates that the taxi movements do follow the unified pattern and show a stronger exploration tendency and weaker preferential return than other human dynamics. Finally, we utilize an agent-based model to reveal and understand the unified pattern of taxi movements. The model results indicate that the rank distribution is an intrinsic characteristic to explore the taxi destination choice and simulate the taxi movements.

Scale–Relation Joint Decoupling Network for Remote Sensing Image Semantic Segmentation

As we all know, remote sensing (RS) images contain multi-scale and numerous RS objects, along with massive and complex spatial topological relationships, such as the adjacency, proximity relations of same-scale objects, and inclusion relations of cross-scale objects. However, the existing semantic segmentation methods have never explored the cross-scale relations, which are especially important when comes to the situation that the RS objects cannot be accurately identified, they could be supplemented by the surrounding contents. To address the above concern, we propose a scale-relation joint decoupling network (SRJDN) for the semantic segmentation of RS images by simultaneously considering decoupling scales and decoupling relations to excavate more complete relationships of multi-scale RS objects. The SRJDN is performed by following three steps, namely scale decoupling (SD), relation decoupling (RD), and fine-granularity guided fusion (FGF). The SD module uses dilated convolution with different rates to decouple RS objects into different scale feature groups, from small to large scales. Afterward, the RD considers all the spatial topological relationships and decouples these relationships according to the scale, which is divided into two parts, including same-scale relation extraction (SSRE) and cross-scale relation extraction (CSRE). The SSRE establishes the graph structures at each scale independently to mine the relationships of same-scale RS objects and the CSRE constructs the graph in a unified pattern between cross-scales to explore cross-scale target relationships. Third, the FGF module regards small-scale features as fine-granularity representation and applies its attention map to guide the learning of other scale features, which could mine more reliable and comprehensive saliency information and improve the feature consistency. Numerical experiments conducted on two large-scale fine-resolution RS image datasets empirically demonstrate the robustness of the proposed joint decoupling strategy and the effectiveness of the fine-granularity guided fusion in RS image semantic segmentation tasks.

Regional features of especially productive agricultural land allocation

One of the urgent issues of modern land matters in the Russian Federation is the allocation of especially valuable productive agricultural lands. This process is aimed at lands’ protection and efficient use and is regulated by the legislation of the Russian Federation. Regional legislation is in charge of the lands’ selection and itemizing. The article presents the results on assessing the dynamics of the allocation of especially valuable productive agricultural lands in the regions of the country and establishes the features of itemizing especially valuable productive agricultural lands. The evaluation criterion for classifying land plots as especially valuable in the regions is mainly the deviation of the cadastral value from the average district values for the municipality, which does not appropriately reflect the land fertility. The use of soil fertility coefficient, grain coefficient, bonitet score for classifying agricultural lands according to suitability for use in agriculture is justified. Analysis of the registers of especially valuable lands in the constituent entities revealed a variety of information on a land plot classified as a particularly valuable agricultural land. Measures for the allocation of valuable land should be based on land management, which includes a set of measures for lands assessment, classification, territory zoning and establishment of land boundaries. Registers of especially valuable productive agricultural land should have a unified pattern with a maximum of information about the land plot: its location, permitted use, area, basis for inclusion in the register, date, name of the farm and municipality, etc.

Deep sparse autoencoder prediction model based on adversarial learning for cross-domain recommendations

Online recommender systems generally suffer from severe data sparsity problems, and this are particularly prevalent in newly launched systems that do not have sufficient amounts of data. Cross-domain recommendations can provide us with some new ideas for assisting with user recommendations in sparse target domains by transferring knowledge from a source domain with rich data. In this paper, a deep sparse autoencoder prediction model based on adversarial learning for cross-domain recommendations (DSAP-AL) is proposed to improve the accuracy of rating predictions in similar cross-domain recommender systems. Specifically, joint matrix factorization and adversarial network learning models are adopted to integrate and align user and item latent factor spaces in a unified pattern. Then, a deep sparse autoencoder is represented and modeled by transferring the latent factors and interlayer weights. Furthermore, a domain factor adaptation algorithm is proposed to capture robust user and item factors, and the learned regularization constraints are added to the objective function, thereby alleviating the data sparsity issue. Experimental results on four real-world datasets demonstrate that, even without overlapping entities (users or items) in the source and target domains, the proposed DSAP-AL method achieves competitive performance relative to other state-of-the-art individual and cross domain approaches. Moreover, the DSAP-AL model is not only effective for scenarios with sparse data but also robust for noise-containing recommendations.

Unified Probability Distribution and Dynamics of Lead Contents in Human Erythrocytes Revealed by Single-Cell Analysis

Understanding the presence and dynamics of chemical pollutants in individual cells is fundamentally important for their trafficking, fate, and toxicity in humans. The presence of molecular components (i.e., proteins and mRNA) in individual cells of higher organisms is considered a stochastic event. The characteristics of chemical pollutants, as extrinsic compounds, in subpopulation of human cells on single-cell basis have not been explored yet. Here, we demonstrated the lead (Pb) content in individual mature erythrocytes (m-erythrocytes) of Pb-intoxicated patients, and healthy subjects exhibited a unified pattern in probability distribution (gamma distribution) and dynamics, despite being highly heterogeneous. The Pb content in individual m-erythrocytes decreased with the lifetime of m-erythrocytes. Meanwhile, the distribution and dynamics were found to be highly related to the Pb content in m-erythrocytes and was independent of patients and their status. This is the first study to analyze the distribution pattern of chemical pollutants at a single-cell level in higher organisms. This study sheds light on the molecular mechanism of Pb trafficking and fate in humans and the search for an efficient strategy to improve Pb excretion during Pb treatment.

Unified calculation model for the longitudinal fundamental frequency of continuous rigid frame bridge

The frequencies formulas of the bridge are of great importance in the design process since these formulas provide insight dynamic characteristics of the structure, which guides the designers to parametric analyses and the layout of the bridge in conceptual or preliminary design. Continuous rigid frame bridge is popular in the mountainous area. Mostly, this type of bridge was simplified either as a girder or cantilever when calculating the frequency, however, studies showed that the different configuration of the bridge made the problem more complex, and there is no unified fundamental calculation pattern for this kind of bridge. In this study, an empirical frequency equation is proposed as a function of pier's height, stiffness of pier and the weight of the structure. A unified fundamental frequency formula is presented based on the energy principle, then the typical continuous rigid frame bridge is investigated by finite element method (FEM) to study the dynamic characteristics of the structure, and then several key parameters are investigated on the effect of structural frequency. These parameters include the number, position and stiffness of the tie beam. Nonlinear regression analyses are conducted with a comprehensive statistical study from plenty of engineering structures. Finally, the proposed frequency equation is validated by field test results. The results show that the fundamental frequency of the continuous rigid frame bridge increases more than 15% when the tie beams are set, and it increases with the stiffness ratio of tie beam to pier. The results also show that the presented unified fundamental frequency has an error of 4.6% compared with the measured results. The investigation can predicate the approximate longitudinal fundamental frequency of continuous ridged frame bridge, which can provide reference for the seismic response and dynamic impact factor design of the pier.

Analytical Model of Transmedia Storytelling Ecosystems in Audiovisual Fiction: The Spanish Model of «The Ministry of Time»

Transmedia storytelling has been widely researched as a new topic in the last decade. The transmedia field includes many publications exploring the topic from different perspectives, but it lacks a standard methodology that allows the measurement of different case studies under a unified pattern. This research suggests a model for transmedia ecosystems that will allow researchers to study them in-depth. Authors suggest a potential configuration based on a simplified image of the transmedia universe, in which projects are divided into well-differentiated narrative systems, allowing the obtention of precise details on their basic functioning. This paper provides an original methodology able to observe the transmedia universes from different perspectives. To test the validity of the paradigm, the model has applied to the case study of the Spanish-fiction product, The Ministry of Time (El Ministerio del Tiempo, in the original language), because of the multiplicity of content renders its study as highly efficient. Thus, we encounter a new transmedia universe that allows precise measurement and the obtention of conclusive data. The positive results confirm that the new methodological approach meets the initial expectations. At the same time, it offers the possibility of obtaining much more information than the one the limited space of this article allows to explain, which opens the door to new lines of research in the future.