Unified Interpretation Research Articles

Comparative Study on the Aesthetic Characteristics of The Nightingale and the Rose and The Narrow Door from the Perspective of Aestheticism

Based on the aesthetic background of aestheticism, this paper studies the common and different aesthetic characteristics of the two works. By using the method of comparative research, this paper compares the characteristics of Wilde’s The Nightingale and the Rose and Gide’s The Narrow Door from the direction of tragedy, and analyzes the differences in story content, expression techniques, and emotional expression, to achieve a unique interpretation of beauty. Although the two have their emphasis on the expression technique and theme, they both embody strong aesthetic characteristics and a profound reflection on life, love, and faith. Through the comparative study of these two works, one can deeply explore their similarities and differences in tragedy, aesthetic view, and emotional expression, and reveal the unique interpretation and pursuit of beauty of the two writers under the background of aestheticism. Through the comparative study of this paper, can see that the two works have aesthetic characteristics, critical characteristics, death art characteristics, and faith complexes. Oscar Wilde’s The Nightingale and the Rose also has a scathing quality, while Andre’s “The Narrow Door” embodies a contradictory quality.

Evaluating Models of the Ageing BOLD Response.

Neural activity cannot be directly observed using fMRI; rather it must be inferred from the hemodynamic responses that neural activity causes. Solving this inverse problem is made possible through the use of forward models, which generate predicted hemodynamic responses given hypothesised underlying neural activity. Commonly-used hemodynamic models were developed to explain data from healthy young participants; however, studies of ageing and dementia are increasingly shifting the focus toward elderly populations. We evaluated the validity of a range of hemodynamic models across the healthy adult lifespan: from basis sets for the linear convolution models commonly used to analyse fMRI studies, to more advanced models including nonlinear fitting of a parameterised hemodynamic response function (HRF) and nonlinear fitting of a biophysical generative model (hemodynamic modelling, HDM). Using an exceptionally large sample of participants, and a sensorimotor task optimized for detecting the shape of the BOLD response to brief stimulation, we first characterised the effects of age on descriptive features of the response (e.g., peak amplitude and latency). We then compared these to features from more complex nonlinear models, fit to four regions of interest engaged by the task, namely left auditory cortex, bilateral visual cortex, left (contralateral) motor cortex and right (ipsilateral) motor cortex. Finally, we validated the extent to which parameter estimates from these models have predictive validity, in terms of how well they predict age in cross-validated multiple regression. We conclude that age-related differences in the BOLD response can be captured effectively by models with three free parameters. Furthermore, we show that biophysical models like the HDM have predictive validity comparable to more common models, while additionally providing insights into underlying mechanisms, which go beyond descriptive features like peak amplitude or latency, and include estimation of nonlinear effects. Here, the HDM revealed that most of the effects of age on the BOLD response could be explained by an increased rate of vasoactive signal decay and decreased transit rate of blood, rather than changes in neural activity per se. However, in the absence of other types of neural/hemodynamic data, unique interpretation of HDM parameters is difficult from fMRI data alone, and some brain regions in some tasks (e.g., ipsilateral motor cortex) can show responses that are more difficult to capture using current models.

SPACE RESOURCES: A NEW BALANCE OF INTERESTS FOR THE 21ST CENTURY

Purpose: the Art. II of the 1967 Outer Space Treaty (OST), which prohibits national appropriation by claim of sovereignty, use or occupation, is a jus cogens norm and has become a guarantee of peace in space, as well as the basis of international space law. In opposition, the creation of national legislations that allow the appropriation of space resources to their citizens, the advance of the private sector in space activities all over the world, the initiative to create the International Lunar Research Station (ILRS), and The Artemis Accords, put the interpretation of this fundamental principle under debate. In the 21st century, the proliferation of new space missions of public-private nature has created feasible commercial opportunities, such as space mining. All of this has deepened the debate within the United Nations Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space (UNCOPUOS) on the need (or not) for elaborate new legal definitions and a legal regime for space resources. For this, it’s necessary to generate a unified interpretation by the States based on the "balance of interests" principle. Research methods: study of specialized bibliography and national and international legislations, observation methods and analysis of information related to space activities. Results: in this article it will be evaluated whether it’s possible to establish a new global legal interpretation of Art. II of the OST of 1967 to allow the harmonization of private and public interests. Discussion: the Artemis Accords, the ILRS and the national legislations of States that currently allow their citizens to appropriate space resources are, in fact and in practice, the spearhead of NewSpace and their main characteristic is that they are initiatives carried out outside UNCOPUOS. What would happen if soon, in a hypothetical case, The Artemis Accords and the ILRS project were to have more than a hundred signatory States in total?

Modern Trends in Western Criticism

Westren New Criticism was a formalist movement in literary theory. New criticism developed as a reaction to the older philological and literary history that dominated literary criticism in the middle decades of the 20th century, which focused on the history and meaning of individual words and their relation to foreign and ancient languages, comparative sources, and the biographical circumstances of the others. The new critics felt that this approach tended to distract from the text and meaning of a poem and entirely neglect its aesthetic qualities in favor of teaching about external factors. New criticism believed the structure and meaning of the text were intimately connected and should not be analyzed separately. In order to bring the focus of literary studies back to analysis of the texts. The new critics also looked for paradox, paradox, ambiguity, irony, and tension to help establish the single best and most unified interpretation of the text. Reference: Sajjad Baqir Rizvi, Dr, Critical Principles of the West, Islamabad: Moqtadra Qaumi Language, 2002, p: 7 Atiqullah, Professor, The Tradition of Criticism in the Maghreb, Lahore: Haqq Publications, 2018, p: 402 Ibid Asghar Ali Baloch, Dr, Essay, A Brief Review of Some Important Critical Schools, Content: Criticism Past, Present and Future, Author: Dr. Mushtaq Adil, Sahiwal: Farogh Zaban Publishers, p: 84 Atiqullah, Professor, The Tradition of Criticism in the West, pp. 243-244 Ibid Jameel Jalbi, Ph.D., Eliot's Essays, Contents, From Aristotle to Eliot, Islamabad: National Book Foundation, 2015, P.: 178 Salim Akhtar, Dr, Creative Personalities and Criticism, Lahore: Milestone Publications, 1989, p: 513 . Zirmunskij, Voprosy Teorie, Literary {Leningrad}1928, pp.8-9 Hamid Kashmiri, Dr, Tafheem wa Naqeed, Critical Essays, Lahore: Famous Book Depot, S.N, p:621 North Roop Fry, Objections to New Criticism, Lahore: Modern Publications House, 2020, p: 34 Roland Barthes, Objections to New Criticism, Preston University Press, p.71

Trust-type Development Projects and Review of the Right of Occupancy of Landowners

In the case of development projects by association, the Supreme Court's decision 2020du36724 (so-called '1-person multiple rights decision') dated 2023.02.23. and the Supreme Court's decision 2022du56586 (so-called '1-generation multiple rights decision') dated 2023.06.29. were analyzed in relation to the interpretation of the qualifications of association members and the status of landowners to receive distribution under the Urban Development Act. In addition, a systematic interpretation was attempted on the necessity of distinguishing between the status of association members and the status of distribution recipients of landowners, etc. under the Urban Development Act, whether the status of association members and distribution rights of those who have acquired land, etc. from 1-person or 1-generation multiple rights holders are recognized, and whether the overlapping application of Article 39, Paragraph 1, Subparagraphs 2 and 3 of the Urban Development Act can be recognized under the principle of legal interpretation. In addition, based on the above unified and systematic interpretation of the combined-type development project, an analysis was conducted on how to review the occupancy rights of landowners in the trust-type development project introduced after 2015. In particular, the Supreme Court decisions 2020du36724 (1-person multiple rights decision) and 2022du56586 (1st generation multiple rights decision) examined above have presented controversial views and implications in the academic world regarding the status of landowners as members of the association, whether the representative association member and the remaining landowners are each recognized as having independent subscription application rights. Meanwhile, the 1st generation multiple rights decision suggests that the representative association member should be selected by overlapping the 2nd and 3rd clauses of Article 39, Paragraph 1 of the Urban Development Act among multiple landowners and transferors. In relation to the content of this ruling, we have reviewed the relationship between legal stability and specific validity, the principle of literal interpretation, and the limitations of systematic and logical interpretation presented in the Supreme Court’s 2011du19239 ruling regarding the interpretation of the law. In addition, in the case where a trustee is designated as a project executor in accordance with the revision of the Urban Development Act on February 9, 2018, the “designation of a project executor” can be considered as “approval of establishment of an association,” and the qualifications of the association member (consignor) can be judged, etc., so the principle of one household per generation can be applied in the same way as in the association-type development project.

Hyperarousal dynamics reveal an overnight increase boosted by insomnia

Hyperarousal is a key symptom of anxiety, stress-related disorders, and insomnia. However, it has been conceptualized in many different ways, ranging from various physiological markers (e.g. cortisol levels, high-frequency EEG activity) to personality traits, or state assessments of subjective anxiety and tension. This approach resulted in partly inconsistent evidence, complicating unified interpretations. Crucially, no previous studies addressed the likely variability of hyperarousal within and across days, nor the relationship of such variability in hyperarousal with the night-by-night variability in sleep quality characteristic of insomnia.Here, we present a novel data-driven approach to understanding dynamics of state hyperarousal in insomnia. Using ecological momentary assessment, we tracked fluctuations in a wide range of emotions across 9 days in 169 people with insomnia disorders and 38 controls without sleep problems. Exploratory factor analysis identified a hyperarousal factor, comprised of items describing tension and distress. People with insomnia scored significantly higher on this factor than controls at all timepoints. In both groups, the hyperarousal factor score peaked in the morning and waned throughout the day, pointing to a potential contributing role of sleep or other circadian processes. Importantly, the overnight increase in hyperarousal was stronger in people with in insomnia than in controls. Subsequent adaptive LASSO regression analysis revealed a stronger overnight increase in hyperarousal across nights of worse subjective sleep quality.These findings demonstrate the relationship between subjective sleep quality and overnight modulations of hyperarousal. Disorders in which hyperarousal is a predominant complaint might therefore benefit from interventions focused on improving sleep quality.

Patchwork Gothic in Polish Vampire Films

The article explores the emergence of Gothic elements in Polish cinema, specifically in the realm of vampire films. Despite the Polish literary market being saturated with horror, Polish cinema has conspicuously shied away from the genre for decades. However, the popularity of Hollywood Gothic cinema has influenced the once-hermetic Polish film industry, leading to the inclusion of classic Gothic themes, characters, and visuals in Polish vampire films. The article delves into the history of Polish horror cinema, and its relation to Hollywood Gothic cinema, whilst focusing on the vampire aspect of horror. In addition, it highlights the concept of “patchwork Gothic”, which involves blending elements of western and Slavic cultures, aesthetics and characters. By analysing two Polish vampire films, I Like Bats (1985) and The Lullaby (2010), in reference to the notion of patchwork Gothic, the author argues that the combination of disparate cultural influences creates a unique and dynamic interpretation of the Gothic genre in Polish cinema.

The concept of the psyche in Russian pre-revolutionary psychology

The article examines the concept of the psyche in Russian pre-revolutionary psychology. In the course of the study, the main meanings of the concept of «psyche» («soul») were studied from the point of view of three directions in pre-revolutionary psychology (empirical, philosophical and natural science) using comparative historical and bibliographic methods, categorical analysis; The source base of the study consisted of monographs, textbooks and articles by leading Russian psychologists from 1900 to 1917 inclusive. As a result of the study, it was found that in Russian pre-revolutionary psychology there was no unified interpretation of the concept of the psyche, as it would be later, starting in the mid-1930s in Soviet psychology; It was also found that this interpretation depended on the methodological orientation of representatives of three trends in Russian psychology of the specified period: the rejection of the direct use of the concept of the psyche in empirical psychology, the understanding of the soul as the inner world of man in philosophical psychology, understanding of the psyche as an adaptation, having subjective and objective sides, in natural science psychology.

Innovative imaging of iron deposits using cross‐gradient joint inversion of potential field data with petrophysical correlation

AbstractThis study demonstrates the application of the cross‐gradient joint inversion method to investigate iron mineralization zones within a volcano‐sedimentary environment. The presence of minerals with intense contrasts in density or magnetic susceptibility, such as hematite or magnetite, facilitates modelling the distribution of ore bodies with depth. Our approach involves establishing a unified interpretation of reconstructed density and susceptibility models through both independent and joint inversion with sparsity regularization in conjunction with a petrophysical model resulting from core data. This approach provides an ideal strategy to uncover the realistic geologic setting of iron ore deposits. We initially simulated a synthetic model closely resembling real‐case scenarios to assess the efficacy of the cross‐gradient joint inversion algorithm in comparison to independent inversion. Subsequently, the inversion algorithms were implemented on gravity and magnetic data, collected over an area of 500 × 600 m2 in Shavaz iron‐bearing deposits located in the central Iranian block. The primary iron oxide–apatite type mineralization in the study area is associated with the Nain–Dehshir–Baft fault as a NW–SE trending strike‐slip fault. Although both inversion methods yield satisfactory models, incorporating the cross‐gradient constraint in joint inversion resulted in a more constrained delineation of iron–oxide ore deposits in the fault system. This improvement facilitates the differentiation between hematite and a small percentage of magnetite, providing a more accurate estimation of ore depth. Inversion results suggest that the magnetite mineralization is coated with extensive hematite mineralization and both are positioned relatively within the same depth interval, covered by approximately a 15–25 m sequence of sediments.

Network analysis of graduate program support structures through experiences of various demographic groups

Physics graduate studies are substantial efforts on the part of individual students, departments, and institutions of higher education. Understanding the factors that lead to student success and attrition is crucial for improving these programs. One factor that has recently started to be investigated is the broadly defined students’ experiences related to support structures. The Aspects of Student Experience Scale (ASES), a Likert-style survey, was developed by researchers to do just that. In this study, we leverage the network approach for Likert-style surveys (NALS) methodology to provide a unique interpretation of responses to the ASES instrument for well-defined demographic groups. We confirm the validity of our findings by studying the stability of the NALS themes and investigating how they are expressed within demographic-based networks. We find that for all four themes in the original ASES study, certain thematic trends capturing students’ experiences vary across the demographic-based networks in meaningful ways. We also reveal that for some demographic groups, there is an interesting interplay between, and mixing of, the original themes. Finally, our study showcases how NALS can be applied to other Likert-style datasets. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

Ambiguity potentiates effects of loneliness on feelings of rejection

ABSTRACT For social species, having strong and high-quality social relationships is an important safety cue. Loneliness occurs when an individual perceives they have insufficient relationships resulting in feelings of lack of safety. States of perceived unsafety are linked to an increased tendency to construe ambiguous information – information lacking a unique clear interpretation – as threatening. Here, we explore whether the ambiguity of social cues of interpersonal rejection moderates effects of loneliness on feelings of rejection while undergoing social exclusion. Data were collected in 2021; 144 adults completed a progressive social exclusion paradigm where they were randomly assigned to be equally included, excluded, or over-included. Social exclusion/inclusion cues became more pronounced over the course of multiple rounds of a ball-tossing game (Cyberball) resulting in a scenario where ambiguity was highest in earlier rounds and decreased over time. Participants reported feelings of loneliness prior to the task and feelings of rejection throughout the task. Results demonstrated that higher loneliness predicted increased feelings of rejection regardless of exclusion condition. Notably, this positive relationship was strongest during earlier rounds when social cues were most ambiguous. These findings contribute to our understanding of how loneliness modulates social perception to enable organisms to adequately adapt to changing circumstances.

Unique Interpretation of Necessity and Freedom in the Philosophy of Ibn Rushd Based on the Rejection of the Opinions of His Contemporaries

Unique Interpretation of Necessity and Freedom in the Philosophy of Ibn Rushd Based on the Rejection of the Opinions of His Contemporaries

Unified Interpretation of Active Disturbance Rejection Control for Electrical Drives

Unified Interpretation of Active Disturbance Rejection Control for Electrical Drives

Between Dialectics and Criticism: Kant’s Philosophical Development

The article presents a unique interpretation of Kant’s philosophical development by exploring the relationship between dialectics and criticism. The conceptual analysis of peculiar propositions in some of the philosopher’s early writings reveals essential dialectical insights that lead to critical thinking. The text interprets Kant’s critical methodology from a historical-philosophical and hermeneutical perspective, highlighting its transcendental form of development. Kant’s philosophical development is characterized by the transcendental evolution, which confirms and expands upon the methodological thesis of a necessary transition from the pre-critical dialectics to the philosophical critique.

THE PIANO PHENOMENON IN KARMELLA TSEPKOLENKO’S CREATIVITY: FROM CONTENT TO RECORD

The study is focused on the main works of the piano creativity by Carmella Tsepkolenko. This concerns her Concerto-drama No. 1 and Concerto-drama No. 2 for piano and orchestra, which are seen as one megastructure that is open to further continuation. The compositional techniques used in them are described. It has been found that the presentation of musical material by means of modern notation gives the performer the opportunity to more clearly define his own attitude to the work and opens wide prospects for a unique interpretation. The role of the piano in Carmella Tsepkolenko's work is emphasized as a leading tool for searching for new means of self-expression and communication with the listener. It has been established that the rejection in avant-garde music of traditionally established principles of notation and changes in the organization of sound material, as well as its presentation on paper, took place under the influence of deep crisis phenomena of the 20th century and changes in society's consciousness. Emphasis is placed on the inevitability of establishing empathic connections between the author and the performer, taking into account the specifics of the presentation of the musical material. It was established that Carmella Tsepkolenko's individual compositional style is characterized by the use of not only traditional means of notation, but also the wide use of such types of modern compositional techniques as atonality, aleatorics, pointillism, sonoristics. The main feature of the composer's individual compositional style is characterized — the presence of obligatory scenario development of each work. The general orientation of Carmella Tsepkolenko's work towards theatricality in music of all genres is emphasized. It is proven that in order to create a convincing artistic image, the author sometimes turns to the artistic medium so-called Performance, which requires certain acting skills from the performer. The expediency of using a performing gesture as a special artistic tool that enhances the emotional impact on the listener is substantiated. Emphasis is placed on the need for performers to familiarize themselves with the basics of modern musical notation in educational institutions.

Evaluation of Imprint and Multi‐Level Dynamics in Ferroelectric Capacitors

AbstractFluorite‐structured ferroelectrics are one of the most promising material systems for emerging memory technologies. However, when integrated into electronic devices, these materials exhibit strong imprint effects that can lead to a failure during writing or retention operations. To improve the performance and reliability of these devices, it is cardinal to understand the physical mechanisms underlying the imprint during operation. In this work, the comparison of First‐Order Reversal Curves measurements with a new gradual switching experimental approach named “Unipolar Reversal Curves” is used to analyze both the fluid imprint and the time‐dependent imprint effects within a 10 nm‐thick Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 capacitor. Interestingly, the application of delay times (ranging from 100 µs up to 10 s) between the partial switching pulses of a Unipolar Reversal Curve sequence enables analysis of the connection between the two aforementioned imprint types. Based on these results, the study finally reports a unified physical interpretation of imprint in the context of a charge injection model, which explains both types of imprint and sheds light on the dynamics of multi‐level polarization switching in ferroelectrics.

Disease-specific variant interpretation highlighted the genetic findings in 2325 Japanese patients with retinitis pigmentosa and allied diseases

BackgroundAs gene-specific therapy for inherited retinal dystrophy (IRD) advances, unified variant interpretation across institutes is becoming increasingly important. This study aims to update the genetic findings of 86 retinitis pigmentosa...

NPV, IRR, PI, PP, and DPP: A unified view

This paper introduces a class of investment project's profitability metrics that includes the net present value (NPV) criterion (which labels a project as weakly profitable if its NPV is nonnegative), internal rate of return (IRR), profitability index (PI), payback period (PP), and discounted payback period (DPP) as special cases. We develop an axiomatic characterization of this class, as well as of the mentioned conventional metrics within the class. The proposed approach offers several key contributions. First, it provides a unified interpretation of profitability metrics as indicators of a project's financial stability across various economic scenarios. Second, it reveals that, except for the NPV criterion, a profitability metric is inherently undefined for some projects. In particular, this implies that any extension of IRR to the space of all projects does not meet a set of reasonable conditions. A similar conclusion is valid for the other mentioned conventional metrics. For each of these metrics, we offer a characterization of the pairs of comparable projects and identify the largest set of projects to which the metric can be unequivocally extended. Third, our study identifies conditions under which the application of one metric is superior to others, helping to guide decision-makers in selecting the most appropriate metric for specific investment contexts.

The influence of Islam on Zulu Muslims in KwaZulu-Natal

This article explores the influence of Islam among the Zulu Muslims in KwaZulu-Natal (KZN). Although several studies focus on the history and experiences of the Asian diaspora or Asian Muslim community, there is a considerable lack of literature on the influence of Islam on the Zulu Muslims’ personal experiences beyond the conversion narratives. This study seeks to examine the impact of Islam on the cultural and religious identities of individuals who have converted to Islam within the Zulu community. This research article used qualitative research with a phenomenological approach conducted in several areas in KZN. The data for this study were acquired from literature, interviews and observations conducted among the Zulu Muslims in KZN. The data analysis technique employed in this work utilises a comprehensive approach, wherein all the acquired data are considered significant, and no reduction is applied.Contribution: The non-Muslim Zulus in KZN tend to stigmatise Zulu Muslim converts, perceiving them as having abandoned their cultural heritage. The Zulu Muslims who converted to Islam developed their own unique interpretation of the religion by blending Islamic principles with Zulu cultural elements. This allowed them to establish a sense of identity that they believe to be both authentically Zulu and free from colonial influences, in contrast to the Christianised Zulu population.

A revised cognitive mapping methodology for modeling and simulation

Fuzzy Cognitive Maps (FCMs) hold promise as a mathematical tool for modeling and simulating complex systems due to their transparency, flexibility to operate on prior knowledge structures and recurrent reasoning characteristics. However, they suffer from significant shortcomings that have prevented them from being more widely used. Some of these issues include discrepancies in component interpretation, saturation of neural concepts, arbitrary nonlinearities, and dynamic behaviors that are difficult to align with the problem domain. By integrating theoretical advances with practical needs, this paper proposes a revised modeling and simulation methodology termed “neural cognitive mapping” that addresses these issues holistically. Firstly, we redefine concepts’ activation values in terms of changes rather than absolute values, ensuring a unified interpretation of the model’s components. Secondly, we propose a parameterized activation function, called “exponential normalized activator”, which allows experts to control the neurons’ nonlinearities while avoiding saturation states. Furthermore, we provide a twofold reasoning rule that simultaneously computes the concepts’ changes and the amounts of resources attached to problem variables. Thirdly, we introduce a framework for interpreting simulation results across various dynamic behaviors, including scenarios with unique fixed-point attractors. The simulations using both real-world case studies and synthetically generated data illustrate the superiority of our proposal compared with the traditional approach in terms of clarity, usefulness, consistency, and controllability. Moreover, the empirical studies opened new research directions to be explored in future research.