Unified Context Research Articles

Feature fusion and context interaction for RGB-D indoor semantic segmentation

Depth information in indoor scenes is crucial to understanding the spatial and occluding relationships of objects. Depth information contains rich geometric details and is unaffected by lighting, texture, and color, significantly enhancing traditional color images. RGB images and depth images have been widely applied in various image analysis. However, effectively leveraging the complementary information from both modalities remains a challenge. To address this issue, we propose a unified and effective feature fusion and context interaction network (FCINet). It includes three modules. Firstly, we construct a multi-modal feature fusion module (MFFM), which can achieve the aggregation of two modalities along spatial and channel dimensions. Secondly, we construct a global and local information interaction context module (GLCM) to encode rich semantic information. Finally, we construct a feature alignment and fusion module (FAFM), which integrates upsampled low-level features with high-level features to mitigate spatial information loss. Experimental results indicate that the model achieved favorable outcomes on both the NYU Depth v2 dataset and the more complex SUN RGB-D dataset.

F-SCP: An automatic prompt generation method for specific classes based on visual language pre-training models

The zero-shot classification performance of large-scale vision-language pre-training models (e.g., CLIP, BLIP and ALIGN) can be enhanced by incorporating a prompt (e.g., “a photo of a [CLASS]”) before the class words. Modifying the prompt slightly can have significant effect on the classification outcomes of these models. Thus, it is crucial to include an appropriate prompt tailored to the classes. However, manual prompt design is labor-intensive and necessitates domain-specific expertise. The CoOp (Context Optimization) converts hand-crafted prompt templates into learnable word vectors to automatically generate prompts, resulting in substantial improvements for CLIP. However, CoOp exhibited significant variation in classification performance across different classes. Although CoOp-CSC (Class-Specific Context) has a separate prompt for each class, only shows some advantages on fine-grained datasets. In this paper, we propose a novel automatic prompt generation method called F-SCP (Filter-based Specific Class Prompt), which distinguishes itself from the CoOp-UC (Unified Context) model and the CoOp-CSC model. Our approach focuses on prompt generation for low-accuracy classes and similar classes. We add the Filter and SCP modules to the prompt generation architecture. The Filter module selects the poorly classified classes, and then reproduce the prompts through the SCP (Specific Class Prompt) module to replace the prompts of specific classes. Experimental results on six multi-domain datasets shows the superiority of our approach over the state-of-the-art methods. Particularly, the improvement in accuracy for the specific classes mentioned above is significant. For instance, compared with CoOp-UC on the OxfordPets dataset, the low-accuracy classes, such as, Class21 and Class26, are improved by 18% and 12%, respectively.

Ends of War: The Unfinished Fight of Lee’s Army after Appomattox by Caroline E. Janney

Reviewed by: Ends of War: The Unfinished Fight of Lee’s Army after Appomattox by Caroline E. Janney Kurt Hackemer (bio) Ends of War: The Unfinished Fight of Lee’s Army after Appomattox. Caroline E. Janney. University of North Carolina Press, 2023. ISBN: 978-1-4696-7430-8. 344 pp., paper, $22.00. The current generation of Civil War scholarship has done much to blur the artificial boundary between war and peace that is so often represented by the surrender [End Page 96] of Robert E. Lee’s army at Appomattox Court House. An expanding literature makes it clear that the passions, ideological beliefs, and experiences of soldiers and civilians alike, but especially soldiers, played an important role in defining postwar politics, social constructs, race relations, westward expansion, and economics. For many, the war was omnipresent long after its final shots were fired in anger. Acknowledging the fluidity between war and peace is one thing, but it is quite another to demonstrate in some significant way exactly how the transition happened on a personal level for soldiers who were about to become veterans. Caroline Janney’s important new book uses the Army of Northern Virginia’s experience during and after the surrender at Appomattox Court House to do just that, and the end result interjects welcomed nuance into a conversation that has been more generalized up to this point. The surrender at Appomattox was hardly a complete surrender in two important ways, which immediately created ambiguity. First, in an effort to accelerate the reunion process, Gen. Ulysses S. Grant paroled Confederate soldiers so they could more quickly return to civilian life. Second, in the chaos associated with the pursuit and parole of the Army of Northern Virginia, Janney conservatively estimates that twenty thousand or more Confederate soldiers straggled, escaped, or otherwise avoided capture and therefore were never paroled. Paroled Confederate soldiers were still technically prisoners of war. As those soldiers returned home, or tried to return home—in the case of border states that never left the Union—concerns about their status and potential culpability for wartime actions revealed that “many of the legal, social, and political questions that had plagued the war from the beginning” had not, in fact, been resolved by the cessation of hostilities (3). The lack of a peace treaty, which would have required acknowledging the legitimacy of the Confederate States of America, resulted in the inconsistent treatment of parolees by military and government officials. Local officials who recognized there had been no formal end to the war feared what these parolees might do as they passed through communities or tried to restart their lives after reaching their home. They were even more fearful of those veterans who had never been paroled. The absence of an efficient pardon system kept the parolees in a state of limbo and presented resolution of those fears. As a result, local military and government officials often reacted harshly to maintain order and stability, driven by their immediate homegrown concerns rather than a unified national context that simply did not exist. The ambiguity and inconsistency of the parole and pardon process reinforced an emerging Lost Cause ideology built around the idea that the Confederacy had never truly surrendered and that its ideals remained intact. Acceptance of the Lost Cause was even easier for those Army of Northern Virginia veterans who avoided the parole process entirely. While that historical interpretation of the transition to the Lost Cause is nothing new, Janney’s unique contribution is to [End Page 97] better explain the chaos that catalyzed the transition. There was more to the surrender of Lee’s army than a stacking of arms and furling of the colors. The demo-bilization process took place over a much greater time and space than historians have hitherto appreciated. Because it extended well beyond Appomattox Court House, it also involved more than just Lee’s soldiers. Civilians of all types, including Union sympathizers, Confederate sympathizers, former slaves, and citizens who just wanted to be left alone, all found themselves caught up in the ensuing drama. Janney convincingly argues that “in surrender as in battle, the war proved to be as much about those at home as...

Жанровая палитра литературных материалов на страницах газеты «Саратовский вестник» 1910-х годов

The article deals with the newspaper genres, used for literary materials in the newspaper “Saratovsky Vestnik” (Saratov Herald) in 1910–1913. This is the time when Saratov’s newspaper culture is taking shape: the structure of the newspaper page, its layout and arrangement of materials, the link between the visual range and the genre palette. The Vestnik features the genres of newspaper advertisement, as well as chronicledocumentary articles. The preference of fact over commentary testifies to the high journalistic culture in the “Saratovsky Vestnik”. The newspaper publishes notes, feuilletons, letters to the editor, reviews. Genres, reflecting the newspaper’s enthusiasm for literature and theatre, are presented abundantly. The deaths of Tolstoy and Chekhov are perceived by the newspapermen as a disaster that has hit the whole Russian social life. As a result, the genre of the passionate obituary is born. The genre diversity of the Vestnik’s literary materials suggests a unified context for the paper provided by the continuity of the authors and the editorial staff. Literary figures and literature often provoke conversation about contemporary life. One of the genre peculiarities that distinguishes the newspaper culture of the “Saratovsky Vestnik” is the way the authors of news lines, feature articles, and reviews of the political life of the city and the province, use literary images, writers’ statements, and aphorisms from works of fiction. It proves not only that the Vestnik’s authors were literary-centric, but also that the newspaper was created for Saratov intelligentsia and people of other walks of life who focused on literature as their main criterion of truth. Readers‘ intentions in the “Saratovsky Vestnik” were a form of popularizing newspaper genres, a way of recognizing them, and of expanding the boundaries of the audience.

Two-Step Asynchronous Iterative Formation Control for Heterogeneous Vehicles in Highway Scenarios

In this article a novel algorithm for the on-line control of formations of heterogeneous vehicles is proposed for highway traffic scenarios. A two-step iterative strategy relying on both a discrete and a continuous space representation, using Dynamic Programming and reference tracking via Model Predictive Control, is formulated. It allows the creation and arbitrary reshaping of vehicle formations in a unified context, providing an applicability in a wide range of practical situations. Only position measurements and basic communication capabilities for global coordination are required for the automated vehicles. Scalability and flexibility are achieved by the underlying decoupled structure of the algorithm, while an asynchronous functioning is enforced due to trigger signals that are exchanged between the vehicles and the coordinator. Different scenarios are simulated and discussed to evidence the effectiveness of the proposed strategy.

Unobtrusive interaction: a systematic literature review and expert survey

ABSTRACT Unobtrusiveness has been highlighted as an important design principle in Human-Computer Interaction (HCI). However, the understanding of unobtrusiveness in the literature varies. Researchers often claim unobtrusiveness for their interaction method based on their understanding of what unobtrusiveness means. This lack of a shared definition hinders effective communication in research and impedes comparability between approaches. In this article, we approach the question “What is unobtrusive interaction?” with a systematic and extensive literature review of 335 papers and an online survey with experts. We found that not a single definition of unobtrusiveness is universally agreed upon. Instead, we identify five working definitions from the literature and experts’ responses. We summarize the properties of unobtrusive interaction into a design framework with five dimensions and classify the reviewed papers with regard to these dimensions. The article aims to provide researchers with a more unified context to compare their work and identify opportunities for future research.

Spline local basis methods for nonparametric density estimation

This work reviews the literature on spline local basis methods for non-parametric density estimation. Particular attention is paid to B-spline density estimators which have experienced recent advances in both theory and methodology. These estimators occupy a very interesting space in statistics, which lies aptly at the cross-section of numerous statistical frameworks. New insights, experiments, and analyses are presented to cast the various estimation concepts in a unified context, while parallels and contrasts are drawn to the more familiar contexts of kernel density estimation. Unlike kernel density estimation, the study of local basis estimation is not yet fully mature, and this work also aims to highlight the gaps in existing literature which merit further investigation.

Legal status of Russian refugees in Bulgaria in the 1920s – early 1930s

The position of Russian refuges in the 1920s in Bulgaria is analyzed in the article drawing on a large factual material. The reasons for the country’s policy of «open doors», the numerical dynamics of emigrants, the peculiarities of their social composition and adaptation are revealed. It is shown that the legal status of Russians was regulated at the national level, taking into account the interests of emigration in Bulgaria and the situation in other countries, as well as in close connection with the decisions of the League of Nations. Gradually, a unified legal context of refugee existence was created. The Russian diplomatic mission headed by A. M. Petryaev, who since 1923 handed over his duties to the former adviser of the Russian Embassy in Bulgaria S. G. Bogoyavlensky, the Committee on Russian Refugees in Bulgaria, the representation of the High Commissioner for Refugees in Bulgaria, provided institutional assistance. The relationship between various institutions and personalities in solving the refugee issue is revealed. The legal status of Russians is examined from the standpoint of structural integration: inclusion in the host society through the national labor market, taxation, social sphere, realization of inheritance rights, access to the court, through the structures of the Russian Orthodox Church, the institution of citizenship. Russian refugees in Bulgaria formally obeyed the general laws on foreigners on an equal basis with other foreigners. There was no special law regulating the rights of Russians, but they were in a different position compared to other foreigners because of the number of legislative and administrative reservations. The special attitude towards the veterans of the Russian-Turkish war of 1877–1878 was characteristic: they were granted the right to a lifetime monthly allowance. The role of Nansen passports, established for Russians, and the difficulties of their application by ordinary migrants are revealed. It is concluded that the economic crisis of the late 1920s — early 1930s stimulated the integration of Russians due to the activation of naturalization. The confessional and linguistic affinity of the peoples played a role.

Improving Student Academic Performance Through Web Base Learning

<p class="abstrak">The development of digital technology has triggered changes in the way people learn in various educational institutions, both formal and informal. The development of digital technology has encouraged students to improve their academic performance or learning achievements. Several problems, however, can arise, from the gap in the ability of students to master digital technology, the ability to provide technological infrastructure, the competence of top-level management and the ability of the IT department to determine the success of digitalization. One learning model that can be utilized in physical distancing policy is Web-Based Learning (WBL). WBL is a learning model that can be used without limitation of time, space, and learning resources. WBL was developed by using the Research and Development (RnD) with a 4D (Define, Design, Develop, Disseminate) approach. To develop WBL products, we used the unified modeling language (UML), flowcharts, and context diagrams. The product was tested which included product validity testing, practicality testing, and product effectiveness testing. The testing results showed that the product was valid, practical, and effective to be used as a guide for developing and implementing WBL in order to improve students' academic performance.</p>

Multisize Patched Spatial-Temporal Transformer Network for Short- and Long-Term Crowd Flow Prediction

The prediction of urban crowds is crucial not only to traffic management but also to studies on the city-level social phenomena, such as energy consumption, urban growth, city planning, and epidemic prevention. The challenges of accurately predicting crowd flow come from the non-linear spatial-temporal dependence of crowd flow data, periodic laws, such as daily and weekly periodicity, and external factors, such as weather and holidays. It is even more challenging for most existing short-term prediction models to make an accurate long-term prediction. In this paper, we propose a novel patched Transformer-based sequence-to-sequence model, called MultiSize Patched Spatial-Temporal Transformer Network (MSP-STTN), to incorporate rich and unified context modeling via a self-attention mechanism and global memory learning via a cross-attention mechanism for short- and long-term grid-based crowd flow prediction. In particular, a multisize patched spatial-temporal self-attention Transformer is designed to capture cross-space-time and cross-size contextual dependence of crowd data. The same structured cross-attention Transformer is developed to adaptively learn a global memory for long-term prediction in a responding-to-a-query style without error accumulation. In addition, a categorized space-time expectation is proposed as a unified regional encoding with temporal and external factors and is used as a base prediction for stable training. Furthermore, auxiliary tasks are introduced for promoting feature encoding and leveraging feature consistency to assist in the main prediction task. The experimental results reveal that MSP-STTN is competitive with the state of the art for one-step and multi-step short-term prediction within several hours and achieves practical long-term crowd flow prediction within one day on real-world grid-based crowd data sets TaxiBJ, BikeNYC, and CrowdDensityBJ. Our code and data are available at <uri xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">https://github.com/xieyulai/MSP-STTN</uri> .

Determining Exception Context in Assembly Operations from Multimodal Data.

Robot assembly tasks can fail due to unpredictable errors and can only continue with the manual intervention of a human operator. Recently, we proposed an exception strategy learning framework based on statistical learning and context determination, which can successfully resolve such situations. This paper deals with context determination from multimodal data, which is the key component of our framework. We propose a novel approach to generate unified low-dimensional context descriptions based on image and force-torque data. For this purpose, we combine a state-of-the-art neural network model for image segmentation and contact point estimation using force-torque measurements. An ensemble of decision trees is used to combine features from the two modalities. To validate the proposed approach, we have collected datasets of deliberately induced insertion failures both for the classic peg-in-hole insertion task and for an industrially relevant task of car starter assembly. We demonstrate that the proposed approach generates reliable low-dimensional descriptors, suitable as queries necessary in statistical learning.

Public redistributive policies in general equilibrium: An application to Greece

We develop a general equilibrium OLG model of a small open economy to quantify the aggregate and distributional implications of a wide menu of public redistributive policies in a unified context. Inequality is driven by unequal parental conditions in financial and human capital. The model is calibrated and solved using fiscal data from Greece. Our aim is to search for public policies, targeted and non-targeted, that can reduce income inequality without damaging the macroeconomy and without worsening the public finances. Pareto-improving reforms that also reduce inequality include an increase in public education spending provided to all and an increase in the inheritance tax rate on financial wealth. At the other end, we identify reforms that may reduce inequality but make everybody worse off. Regarding cases in between, a switch to a fully funded public pension system is good for everybody although it is the rich-born that benefit more by moving to a more efficient macroeconomy.

Learning to Prompt for Vision-Language Models

Large pre-trained vision-language models like CLIP have shown great potential in learning representations that are transferable across a wide range of downstream tasks. Different from the traditional representation learning that is based mostly on discretized labels, vision-language pre-training aligns images and texts in a common feature space, which allows zero-shot transfer to a downstream task via prompting, i.e., classification weights are synthesized from natural language describing classes of interest. In this work, we show that a major challenge for deploying such models in practice is prompt engineering, which requires domain expertise and is extremely time-consuming -- one needs to spend a significant amount of time on words tuning since a slight change in wording could have a huge impact on performance. Inspired by recent advances in prompt learning research in natural language processing (NLP), we propose Context Optimization (CoOp), a simple approach specifically for adapting CLIP-like vision-language models for downstream image recognition. Concretely, CoOp models a prompt's context words with learnable vectors while the entire pre-trained parameters are kept fixed. To handle different image recognition tasks, we provide two implementations of CoOp: unified context and class-specific context. Through extensive experiments on 11 datasets, we demonstrate that CoOp requires as few as one or two shots to beat hand-crafted prompts with a decent margin and is able to gain significant improvements over prompt engineering with more shots, e.g., with 16 shots the average gain is around 15% (with the highest reaching over 45%). Despite being a learning-based approach, CoOp achieves superb domain generalization performance compared with the zero-shot model using hand-crafted prompts.

Excitation and Excavation of the Claws of the Southern Crab

We show that the Southern Crab (aka Hen2–104) presents an auspicious opportunity to study the form and speed of the invisible winds that excavate and shock the lobes of various types of bipolar nebulae associated with close and highly evolved binary stars. A deep three-color image overlay of Hen2–104 reveals that the ionization state of its lobe edges, or “claws,” increases steadily from singly to doubly ionized values with increasing wall latitude. This “reverse” ionization pattern is unique among planetary nebulae (and similar objects) and incompatible with UV photoionization from a central source. We show that the most self-consistent explanation for the ionization pattern is shock ionization by a fast (∼600 km s−1) “tapered” stellar wind in which the speed and momentum flux of the wind increase with equatorial latitude. We present a hydrodynamic simulation that places the latitude-dependent form, the knotty walls, and the reverse ionization of the outer lobes of Hen2–104 into a unified context.

Managing R&amp;D and Innovation Projects: An Integrated Conceptual Model for Technology Transfer

Projects start with an idea, which is deployed into a set of actions to deliver expected or foreseen outcomes, and they should be carried out in a cohesive and unified context. In this paper, contributions are devised to integrate project management and technology transfer practices to drive the transformation of knowledge into innovation within the scope of research and development projects at universities and research laboratories or centers. These contributions are presented in the form of a conceptual model that includes three interrelated groups. The first group is focused on project ideas’ definition and selection, the second group on project management, and the third group on knowledge and technology transfer, these groups are supported by improvement, innovation and project management guidelines and standards. To obtain insights to define the model, quantitative and qualitative methods have been used and the data was processed using content analysis and descriptive and inferential techniques meant to ensure the complementarity of the data to obtain a holistic understanding of the practices under analysis. The approach was exploratory and descriptive, but also analytical in the sense that it states the issues at stake to support project management and technology transfer.

50th Anniversary of TPRC—Research Conference on Communications, Information and Internet Policy: Looking Ahead to the Next 50 Years

50th Anniversary of TPRC—Research Conference on Communications, Information and Internet Policy: Looking Ahead to the Next 50 Years

An environmental information system for the exploration of energy systems

The transition to renewable energy sources requires extensive changes to the energy system infrastructure, ranging from individual households to the national scale. During this transition, stakeholders must be able to make informed decisions, researchers need to investigate possible options and analyse scenarios, and the public should be informed about developments and options for future infrastructure. The data and parameters required for this are manifold and it is often difficult to create an overview of the current situation for a region of interest. We propose an environmental information system for the visualisation and exploration of large collections of heterogeneous data in the scope of energy system infrastructure and subsurface geological energy storage technologies. Based on the study area of Schleswig-Holstein, a federal state in Germany, we have set up a virtual geographic environment integrating GIS data, topographical models, subsurface information, and simulation results. The resulting application allows users to explore data collection within a unified context in 3D space, interact with datasets, and watch animations of selected simulation scenarios to gain a better understanding of the complex interactions of processes and datasets. Based on the cross-platform game engine Unity, our framework can be used on regular PCs, head-mounted displays, and virtual reality environments and can support domain scientists during assessment and exploration of the data, encourages discussions and is an effective means for outreach activities and presentations for stakeholders or the interested public.

A Comparative Study on the Life Cycle Assessment of New Zealand Residential Buildings

In New Zealand, housing is typically low density, with light timber framing being the dominant form of construction with more than 90% of the market. From 2020, as a result of the global pandemic, there was a shortage of timber in New Zealand, resulting in increased popularity for light steel framing, the main alternative to timber for housing. At the same time, the New Zealand government is committed to sustainability practises through legislation and frameworks, such as the reduction of whole-of-life carbon emissions for the building industry. New Zealand recently announced reducing its net greenhouse gas emissions by 50% within 2030. Life cycle assessment (LCA) is a technique for assessing the environmental aspects associated with a product over its life cycle. Despite the popularity of LCA in the construction industry of New Zealand, prior research results seem varied. There is no unified NZ context database to perform an LCA for buildings. Therefore, in this paper, a comprehensive study using LCA was conducted to quantify and compare the quantity of carbon emissions from two commonly designed houses in the Auckland region, one built from light timber and the other from light steel, both designed for a lifespan of 90 years. The cradle-to-cradle system boundary was used for the LCA. From the results of this study, it was found that the light steel house had 12.3% more carbon in total (including embodied and operational carbons) when compared to the light timber house, of which the manufacturing of two houses had a difference of 50.4% in terms of carbon emissions. However, when the end-of-life (EOL) analysis was included, it was found that the extra carbon could be offset due to the steel’s recyclability, reducing the amount of embodied carbon in the manufacturing process. Therefore, there was no significant difference in carbon emissions between the light steel and the light timber building, with the difference being only 12.3%.

VASILI SESEMAN’S TRANSCENDENTAL THEORY OF KNOWLEDGE: BETWEEN PHENOMENOLOGY AND NEO-KANTIANISM

The article considers the theory of cognition of the Russian and Soviet philosopher Vasily Seseman (1884-1963) in its relation to the main philosophical orientations in early 20th-century: phenomenology, neokantianism, and intuitionism. Seseman’s theory of cognition is interesting today because, following the tradition of neo-Kantianism, it largely shares the principles and methods of phenomenology, poses epistemological problems that were not explicitly formulated by Edmund Husserl, and offers solutions that are relevant today. The article highlights a common thematic field combining phenomenology, neo-Kantianism, and intuitionism. This field is set by the initial subject-object cognitive attitude, the desire to identify the conditions for the possibility of cognition, the recognition of the presence of a non-linguistic level of knowledge. Moving in this unified theoretical cognitive context of the early twentieth century, Seseman offers his own solution to the following problems: defining the subject of cognition, developing the method of intuition in general and in relation to the contemplation of essence, distinguishing between objective and non-objective attitudes and using this distinction to describe different types of cognition, thematizing the irrational in cognition, and understanding the judgment and its role in the final formation of cognition. Seseman believes that the cognition of reality is preceded by the perception of its objects. He diverges from the Neo-Kantians, who claim that the objects of cognition are formed only in judgment, and holds a position than Husserl, according to whom we perceive the world around us already objectively. However, unlike Husserl, Seseman does not recognize the cognitive nature of perception and argues that knowledge begins with a reflexive fixation of the object of cognition. The cognition of an individual object is embodied in a judgment in which the relation of the object to its environment is fixed and the object is defined as a unique combination of universal properties. Finally, it is shown that the solution of epistemological questions inevitably leads Seseman to ontological issues.

Adelaida Reyes: Pioneer in the Field of Music and Forced Migration

Within the ever-expanding field of ethnomusicological research in contexts marked by socio-political, financial, and environmental crisis, a newly emerging area of study has been that of music in contexts of forced migration. This article explores the groundbreaking contribution of one of the pioneering figures in ethnomusicological research in that field: Adelaida Reyes. The article’s goal is to encapsulate a framework that could be adopted and adapted by, and inspire new researchers on music and forced migration. After an introduction to the personal background of Adelaida Reyes, the article discusses three main positions that permeate her inaugural research in urban contexts, particularly that of New York. These are the interdisciplinary conceptualization of the socio-political context; the study of music of groups of people without essentialist preconceptions, and the adjustment of fieldwork methods to correspond to theoretical concerns and the empirical reality. The article then proceeds to link Reyes’ core thoughts with the particular innovative theoretical and methodological concepts she applied in her multi-sited research with Vietnamese refugees in the U.S. and in refugee camps in the Philippines, as well as in her research with refugees from South Sudan in Uganda. Informed by anthropological refugee studies, her pioneering approach perceives forced migration as a unified experience and context, consisting of pre-departure features, departure-related, and finally, those related to resettlement. Musical meaning then becomes intensively transforming and dependent on a plethora of factors. On the one hand, as Reyes' ethnomusicological research in urban settings had pointed out, there was complexity, heterogeneity, and blurred boundaries, and on the other, emerging in particular experiences of forced migration, there was psychological distress; processes of institutional labeling; living in refugee camps; asymmetrical power relations between refugees and the larger society; and the emotional and political relationship with the past homeland. In the conclusion of the article, Reyes’ priceless contribution is discussed alongside recent ethnomusicological research on music and forced migration.