Unified Color Research Articles

Chromatographic Study of Blue-Violet Tanzanite’s Color Appearance

Tanzanite is a blue-purple zoisite currently produced only in Tanzania. Tanzanite is loved by the public for its attractive blue-violet color. In this study, the color appearance of tanzanite will be studied chromatically using the CIE 1976 L*a*b* unified color space and the CIECAM16 color appearance model, respectively. The blue color of tanzanite is quantitatively characterized in CIE 1976 L*a*b* uniform color space using an X-Rite SP62 spectrophotometer. The tristimulus values XYZ of tanzanite’s color are input into the CIECAM16 forward model to calculate the color appearance parameters of tanzanite under different light sources, different illumination levels, and different surroundings. And the results show that D65 light source is more suitable for the display of tanzanite. The change in illumination will have a significant effect on Brightness (Q). Darkening of the surroundings will lead to an increase in the lightness of tanzanite. The blue-violet color of tanzanite has a better visual effect when observed in darker conditions.

Dynamic behavior of periodic potential system driven by cross‐correlated non‐Gaussian noise and Gaussian white noise

AbstractThe dynamic behavior of the periodic potential system driven by the cross‐correlated non‐Gaussian noise and Gaussian white noise is studied in this article. According to path integral method and unified color noise approximation, the periodic potential system is transformed into a stochastic equivalent Stratonovich stochastic differential equation. Then the Fokker–Planck equation and the expression of the steady‐state probability density are derived. The fourth‐order Runge–Kutta algorithm is used to calculate the times response of the system. Meanwhile, the probability density function (PDF) of the first‐passage time (FPT) is simulated, and the mean first‐passage time (MFPT) is obtained by averaging these values. Finally, the influence of noise parameters on MFPT and PDF of FPT is analyzed.

Bioinspired Stimuli‐Responsive Hydrogel with Reversible Switching and Fluorescence Behavior Served as Light‐Controlled Soft Actuators

AbstractStimuli‐responsive materials with multiple functions occupy a significant position in the research of bionic artificial intelligence materials. It is a challenge to integrate rapid shape deformation and color change synergistically by a simple method in the same system. Herein, an effective strategy to develop an anisotropic bilayer hydrogel actuator with unified complex deformation and color change is proposed via combining the near‐infrared (NIR) light‐responsive graphene oxide/poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (GO‐PNIPAM) active hydrogel layer and an UV light‐responsive fluorescent poly(acrylic acid [4‐(1,2,2‐triphenylvinyl)] benzyl ester/N‐isopropylacrylamide) passive hydrogel layer. The actuator can undergo light‐controlled sapphire fluorescence color change and complex shape deformation simultaneously or separately under light irradiation. It can be remotely manipulated without the requirement for additional reagents, and the irradiation dosage can be accurately modulated through adjusting the irradiation parameters. This work provides new perspectives of intelligent systems with synergistic multiple functions, including smart robots, environmental sensors, and intelligent biomimetic devices.

Progress and Key Technical Control Points of Side Slip-form Construction Technology

Slip-form pavement of road surface construction is an efficient mechanical construction method, compared to the traditional construction method of erection of template for cast in situs or backcourt prefabrication while hoisting in the front court, slip-form construction technology dispenses with the prefabrication site and a lot of prefabrication dies, meanwhile, it reduces the process of handling and lifting, and can improve the flatness of the structure to obtain beautiful line type and unified color. Moreover, it can achieve “low-carbon” construction by reducing the energy consumption. In this paper, introduction was given for key technology of the construction technology and the current foreign development situation, to provide a reference for engineering technicians.

Color unified dynamical axion

We consider an enlarged color sector which solves the strong CP problem via new massless fermions. The spontaneous breaking of a unified color group into QCD and another confining group provides a source of naturally large axion mass m_a due to small size instantons. This extra source of axion mass respects automatically the alignment of the vacuum, ensuring a low-energy CP-conserving vacuum. The mechanism does not appeal to a Z_2 “mirror” copy of the SM, nor does it require any fine-tuning of the axion-related couplings at the unification scale. There is no very light axion and uncharacteristically the lighter spectrum contains instead sterile fermions. The axion scale f_a can be naturally brought down to a few TeV, with an exotic spectrum of colored pseudoscalars lighter than this scale, observable at colliders exclusively via strong interactions. The {m_a, f_a} parameter space which allows a solution of the strong CP problem is thus enlarged well beyond that of invisible axion models.

A scalable product configuration model and algorithm

The application of product configuration model is an effective way to improve product design and manufacturing efficiency. The traditional product configuration model has a single configuration result, and the configuration model is difficult to be expanded. In order to solve the existing problem, a scalable product configuration model is established based on polychromatic sets theory and corresponding algorithm is proposed. Firstly, product modules are clustered according to function types to establish function block, which is the solving unit of product configuration model. At the same time, multilayer polychromatic set contour-comprising matrices are respectively established from the point of view of needs, product, performance and module. According to actual demand of product configuration, the unified color reasoning algorithm is proposed. And scalable product configuration model and algorithm are proposed based on relative works. Then, the scalability of proposed model is studied from the point of view of needs change and modules change. Finally, the configuration of a special vehicle is introduced to verify the presented model and algorithm, and the results confirmed the effectiveness and rationality of the method.

Merging Satellite Ocean Color Data With Bayesian Maximum Entropy Method

Merging multiple satellite ocean color data is one of the ways to create a unified ocean color product and improve the spatial coverage. In this paper, the Bayesian maximum entropy (BME), a probabilistic method, is used to integrate chlorophyll-a (chl-a) concentration data obtained by the seaviewing wide field-of-view sensor (SeaWiFS) on Orbview-2, the medium-resolution imaging spectrometer instrument (MERIS) on ENVISAT and the moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) on Aqua. MODIS chl-a concentration on current day is considered as the accurate hard data. A probabilistic model is developed to link hard data and chl-a concentration of other sensors on previous days. The latter are processed as soft data by this probabilistic model to take into account the differences between mission-specific products. The semivariogram of chl-a concentration, which presents the spatial variability and provides a priori knowledge, is developed to improve the spatial coverage. The average daily coverage of the merged chl-a field is 74% for the 1-day temporal integration which is about six times higher than any single mission, and 95% for the 3-day temporal integration which achieves basically a complete global coverage. Root-mean-square error (RMSE) and correlation between in situ chl-a measurements and the BME-merged chl-a from 1-day data are 0.42 and 0.72, and from 3-day data are 0.44 and 0.70, respectively. Compared with the existing GSM method and the weighted averaging (AVW) method, the BME method can greatly improve the spatial coverage and preserve the high accuracy, which demonstrates the potential advantages of the BME method to merge ocean color products from multiple sensors.

Corruptive Artifacts Suppression for Example-Based Color Transfer

Example-based color transfer is a critical operation in image editing but easily suffers from some corruptive artifacts in the mapping process. In this paper, we propose a novel unified color transfer framework with corruptive artifacts suppression, which performs iterative probabilistic color mapping with self-learning filtering scheme and multiscale detail manipulation scheme in minimizing the normalized Kullback-Leibler distance. First, an iterative probabilistic color mapping is applied to construct the mapping relationship between the reference and target images. Then, a self-learning filtering scheme is applied into the transfer process to prevent from artifacts and extract details. The transferred output and the extracted multi-levels details are integrated by the measurement minimization to yield the final result. Our framework achieves a sound grain suppression, color fidelity and detail appearance seamlessly. For demonstration, a series of objective and subjective measurements are used to evaluate the quality in color transfer. Finally, a few extended applications are implemented to show the applicability of this framework.

Research on Pearl Detecting and Grading Based on Monocular Multi-view Machine Vision

Aims: Pearl is a non-planar object and its surface has a certain degree of curvature . It is necessary to obtain the image of the entire surface of a pearl for the aim to achieve the grade based on size, shape, luster, blemish and color. This paper designed a detecting device to solve this problem and complete the pearls grading automatic ally. Methodology: In this paper, an imaging apparatus of monocular multi -view was designed by putting a symmetric bucket cavity, which was made of 4 planar mirrors in front of the camera. The surface of a pearl will be captured from different perspectives using this device. Then a series of views which reflect the quality of a pearl could be achieved by image processing. Finally feature fusion will be utilized to determine the quality of the pearl. Conclusion: Experimental results show that the image of th e entire surface of a pearl could be obtained in a unified color system using the proposed device. Besides, the device accomplishes pearl online detecting and grading according to the quality indicators such as size, shape, luster, blemish and color.

Human Skin Cancer Recognition and Classification by Unified Skin Texture and Color Features

Human Skin Cancer Recognition and Classification by Unified Skin Texture and Color Features

Toward a Unified Color Space for Perception-Based Image Processing

Image processing methods that utilize characteristics of the human visual system require color spaces with certain properties to operate effectively. After analyzing different types of perception-based image processing problems, we present a list of properties that a unified color space should have. Due to contradictory perceptual phenomena and geometric issues, a color space cannot incorporate all these properties. We therefore identify the most important properties and focus on creating opponent color spaces without cross contamination between color attributes (i.e., lightness, chroma, and hue) and with maximum perceptual uniformity induced by color-difference formulas. Color lookup tables define simple transformations from an initial color space to the new spaces. We calculate such tables using multigrid optimization considering the Hung and Berns data of constant perceived hue and the CMC, CIE94, and CIEDE2000 color-difference formulas. The resulting color spaces exhibit low cross contamination between color attributes and are only slightly less perceptually uniform than spaces optimized exclusively for perceptual uniformity. We compare the CIEDE2000-based space with commonly used color spaces in two examples of perception-based image processing. In both cases, standard methods show improved results if the new space is used. All color-space transformations and examples are provided as MATLAB codes on our website.

A New Formal Method of Anticorrosion Design

To solve the problem of anticorrosion design in early stage of manufacture, a formal method of anticorrosion design was proposed, and a formal model of conceptual design of anticorrosive materials was established by using hierarchical structure, individual color sets and unified color sets. Basing on the reasoning matrices which were established by using polychromatic sets theory, a formal reasoning method was proposed to realize the formal reasoning from the functional requirements to the selection of final scheme. This formal method of conceptual design for anticorrosion based on the polychromatic sets can make the design process of anticorrosion standardized, and facilitate the formal description of the reasoning process and its expression and operation in computer. The method made some useful explorationfor the CAPP integration design of anticorrosion.

A novel approach for failure modes and effects analysis based on polychromatic sets

AbstractTraditional failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA) methods lack sufficient semantics and structure to provide full traceability between the failure modes and the effects of the complex system. To overcome this limitation, this paper proposes a formal failure knowledge representation model combined with the structural decomposition of the complex system. The model defines the failure modes as the inherent properties of the physical entities at different hierarchical levels, and employs the individual color, unified color, and Boolean matrix of the polychromatic sets to represent the failure modes in terms of their interrelationships and their relations to the physical system. This method is a structure-based modeling technique that provides a simple, yet comprehensive framework to organize the failure modes and their causes and effects more systematically and completely. Using the iterative search process operated on the reasoning matrices, the end effects on the entire system can be achieved automatically, which allows for the consideration of both the single and multiple failures. An example is embedded in the description of the methodology for better understanding. Because of the powerful mathematical modeling capability of the polychromatic sets, the approach presented in this paper makes significant progress in FMEA formalization.

HIRBIR: A hierarchical approach to region-based image retrieval

This paper proposes a hierarchical approach to region-based image retrieval (HIRBIR) based on wavelet transform whose decomposition property is similar to human visual processing. First, automated image segmentation is performed fast in the low-low (LL) frequency subband of the wavelet domain that shows the desirable low image resolution. In the proposed system, boundaries between segmented regions are deleted to improve the robustness of region-based image retrieval against segmentation-related uncertainty. Second, a region feature vector is hierarchically represented by information in all wavelet subbands, and each feature component of a feature vector is a unified color---texture feature. Such a feature vector captures well the distinctive features (e.g., semantic texture) inside one region. Finally, employing a hierarchical feature vector, the weighted distance function for region matching is tuned meaningfully and easily, and a progressive stepwise indexing mechanism with relevance feedback is performed naturally and effectively in our system. Through experimental results and comparison with other methods, the proposed HIRBIR shows a good tradeoff between retrieval effectiveness and efficiency as well as easy implementation for region-based image retrieval.

Pediatric Emergency Medicine: A Comprehensive Study Guide

This is the first edition of a medium-sized paperback text that is intended as a resource for practitioners of emergency care as well as the larger audience of physicians who intermittently encounter seriously ill or injured children. The book's design closely resembles that of<i>Emergency Medicine: A Comprehensive Study Guide</i>, edited by Tintinalli et al, and published by the same American College of Emergency Physicians (ACEP)/ McGraw-Hill consortium (see accompanying review).<i>Pediatric Emergency Medicine</i>expands by many times the meager 107 pages devoted to pediatrics in the Tintinalli et al volume. The relationship between the two books is not stated, but they share a unified logo, color scheme, and cover layout. <i>Pediatric Emergency Medicine</i>contains 125 chapters by authors ranging from medical students to eminent senior faculty within and outside pediatrics and emergency medicine. The chapters are organized into 21 sections, primarily organ-system-based, with a few covering broader issues, such

Color Codes: Modern Theories of Color in Philosophy, Painting and Architecture, Literature, Music, and Psychology

Color is an endlessly fascinating and controversial topic. The first thing to realize about the study of color in our time is its uncanny ability to evade all attempts to systematically codify it, writes Charles A. Riley in this series of interconnected essays on the uses and meanings of color. Color Codes draws heavily on interviews with many of today's leading artists - Roy Lichtenstein, Frank Stella, Peter Halley, Lukas Foss, A. S. Byatt, and others - as well as seminal texts by a wide range of thinkers including Wittgenstein, Derrida, Barthes, Schoenberg, Kandinsky, Albers, Joyce, Pynchon, and Jung. Although Riley finds remarkable parallels among the theories and techniques of various disciplines, his emphasis is on the individual nature of the color sense. This resistance to a unified color theory gives the current aesthetic debate tremendous energy. Because it is largely an unknown force, color remains one of the most vital sources of new styles and ideas, ready to be tapped by creative minds in the coming decades. In the studios of artists and composers, and in the recent writings of philosophers, psychologists, poets, and novelists, evidence of this emerging power is abundant. Creators, critics, and lay readers will find Color Codes accessible and stimulating.

Manifestation of Color Effects in Deep-Inelastic Compton Scattering

In the unified color gauge theory of Pati and Salam, we show that the color effects are dominant in deep-inelastic Compton scattering and the calculations from this theory fit the experimental data very well.