Unidentified Lipids Research Articles

Roseovarius phycicola sp. nov. and Roseovarius rhodophyticola sp. nov., isolated from marine red algae.

Two Gram-stain-negative, strictly aerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped bacteria, designated as strains S88T and W115T, exhibiting catalase- and oxidase-positive reactions, were isolated from marine red algae in South Korea. Strain S88T exhibited growth at 20-30 °C, pH 6.0-9.0 and 2.0-5.0% (w/v) NaCl, while strain W115T grew at 20-30 °C, pH 7.0-9.0 and 2.0-5.0% (w/v) NaCl. Strain S88T contained summed feature 8 (C18 : 1 ω7c and/or C18 : 1 ω6c), C16 : 0 and C16 : 0 2-OH as major fatty acids (>5%), with major polar lipids being phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminolipid and two unidentified lipids. Strain W115T contained summed feature 8 (C18 : 1 ω7c and/or C18 : 1 ω6c) and C16 : 0 as major fatty acids (>5%), with major polar lipids including phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminolipid and unidentified lipids. Ubiquinone-10 was the sole respiratory quinone in both strains, and the genomic DNA G+C contents were 57.0% for strain S88T and 56.5% for strain W115T. Despite 99.86% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, strains S88T and W115T shared 88.8% average nucleotide identity (ANI) and 36.8% digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) value, indicating different species. Phylogenetic and phylogenomic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene and genome sequences, respectively, revealed that strains S88T and W115T formed a phylogenetic lineage within the genus Roseovarius. ANI and dDDH values of both strains with other type strains were less than 73.7 and 20.3%, respectively, confirming that they represent novel species. Based on phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and molecular characteristics, strains S88T and W115T represent two novel species of the genus Roseovarius, for which the names Roseovarius phycicola sp. nov. (S88T =KACC 23423T =JCM 36647T) and Roseovarius rhodophyticola sp. nov. (W115T =KACC 23690T =JCM 36651T) are proposed, respectively.

Polyphasic Identification of Rhizomonospora bruguierae gen. nov., sp. nov., Isolated from Mangrove Rhizosphere Soil.

A novel yellowish-white actinobacterial strain, designated as TS60-4CT, was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of the mangrove Bruguiera gymnorhiza (L.) Lam. in Okinawa, Japan, and was subjected to a polyphasic assessment. The strain could grow at 0-3.0% NaCl concentrations (w/v), pH 6.0-10.0, and 20-37°C. The 16S rRNA gene sequences-based phylogeny showed that the novel isolate belongs to the family Micromonosporaceae and that it shared the highest sequence similarity (98.4%) with Micromonospora craniellae LHW63014T. The hydrolysate of cell-wall of strain TS60-4CT contained alanine, glutamic acid, glycine, and meso-A2pm. The acyl type of muramic acid was N-glycolyl. The main (> 10%) fatty acids were anteiso-C17:0 (22.1%), iso-C16:0 (17.8%), iso-C15:0 (14.7%), and anteiso-C15:0 (10.3%) and the predominant menaquinones of the isolate were MK-9(H6) and MK-9(H4). The polar lipids of the isolate were phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, an unidentified aminolipid, and three unidentified lipids. The genome size of strain TS60-4CT was 6.7 Mbp with a DNA G + C content of 72.4%. The average nucleotide identity, digital DNA-DNA hybridization, and average amino acid identity value could differentiate strain TS60-4CT from its closely related taxa. The genome of the strain had 22 putative biosynthetic gene clusters for secondary metabolites, indicating a significant potential as a producer of bioactive chemicals. Consequently, the strain is considered to represent a novel genus and a new species of the family Micromonosporaceae, for which the name Rhizomonospora bruguierae gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type species is R. bruguierae, with the type strain TS60-4CT (= NBRC 107566T = TBRC 2024T).

Polluticaenibacter yanchengensis gen. nov., sp. nov., A Novel Taxon Within the Family Chitinophagaceae Isolated from Activated Sludge.

A Gram-stain-negative bacterium, designated strain LY-5T, was isolated from an activated sludge sample collected from a river in Yancheng city, Jiangsu province, China. Cells of strain LY-5T, were strictly aerobic, non-motile and rod-shaped. Growth occurred at 15-37°C (optimum, 30°C), at pH 5.0-9.0 (optimum 7.0) and at 0-3% (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0%). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene and genome sequences indicated that strain LY-5T formed a distinct phyletic branch within the family Chitinophagaceae, with closest relatives being members of the genera Phnomibacter, Aurantisolimonas, and Chitinophaga, sharing 88.5-90.3% sequence similarity. Moreover, the average amino acid identity (AAI) between strain LY-5T and its closed phylogenetic neighbors was below 70%, indicating it belongs to a novel genus. The predominant cellular fatty acids of LY-5T were iso-C15:0, iso-C15:1 G and summed feature 3 (C16:1 ω7c and/or C16:1 ω6c), and the only isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone-7 (MK-7). The major polar lipids identified in strain LY-5T comprised phosphatidylethanolamine, two unidentified aminolipids and five unidentified lipids. The genome size of strain LY-5T was 4.8 Mbp with a G + C content of 38.9%. Based on the evidence presented in this study, strain LY-5T represents a novel species of a new genus in the family Chitinophagaceae, for which the name Polluticaenibacter yanchengensis gen. nov., sp. nov. (Type strain LY-5T = CCTCC AB 2023260T = KCTC 102218T) is proposed.

Paracoccus spongiarum sp. nov., isolated from the marine sponge, Phakellia elegans.

A facultative anaerobic Gram-negative bacterium, designated as strain 2205BS29-5T, was isolated from a marine sponge, Phakellia elegans, in Beomseom on Jeju Island, Republic of Korea, and taxonomically characterized. The cells were catalase and oxidase positive, non-motile, coccoid-rod shaped and capable of poly-β-hydroxybutyrate production. Growth was observed at 10-37 °C (optimum, 25 °C) and pH 5.0-8.0 (optimum, pH 7.0), and in the presence of 0-9% NaCl (w/v) (optimum, 3.0-4.0%). The major cellular fatty acids and respiratory quinone were identified as summed feature 8 (C18 : 1 ω7c/C18 : 1 ω6c) and Q-10, respectively. The major polar lipids comprised diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, four phosphoglycolipids, two unidentified amino lipids and eight unidentified lipids. The DNA G+C content was 67.8%. Strain 2205BS29-5T was most closely represented by Paracoccus amoyensis 11-3T and P. caeni MJ17T with 97.8 and 97.5% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, respectively. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA genes and whole-genome sequences showed that strain 2205BS29-5T was affiliated with the genus Paracoccus. Genomic analysis showed that strain 2205BS29-5T could synthesize vitamin B family (folate and cobalamin) and ectoine. The average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain 2205BS29-5T and P. amoyensis 11-3T were 77.1% and 18.8%, respectively, and with P. caeni MJ17T were 78.4 and 21.2%, respectively. Based on phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and genome relatedness analyses, strain 2205BS29-5T represents a novel species of the genus Paracoccus, for which the name Paracoccus spongiarum sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 2205BS29-5T (=LMG 33062T =KACC 23240T).

Sorlinia euscelidii gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel acetic acid bacterium isolated from the leafhopper Euscelidius variegatus (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae).

Acetic acid bacteria - belonging to the Acetobacteraceae family - are found in the gut of many sugar-feeding insects. In this study, six strains have been isolated from the hemipteran leafhopper Euscelidius variegatus. While they exhibit high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities to uncultured members of the Acetobacteraceae family, they could not be unequivocally assigned to any particular type species. Considering the clonality of the six isolates, the EV16PT strain was used as a representative of this group of isolates. The genome sequence of EV16PT is composed of a 2.388 Mbp chromosome, with a DNA G+C content of 57 mol%. Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence and whole-genome multilocus sequence analysis indicate that EV16PT forms a monophyletic clade with the uncultivated endosymbiont of Diaphorina citri, the Candidatus Kirkpatrickella diaphorinae. Such a phylogenetic clade is positioned between those of Asaia-Swaminathania and Kozakia. The genomic distance metrics based on gene and protein sequences support the proposal that EV16PT is a new species belonging to a yet-undescribed genus. It is a rod-shaped Gram-stain-negative bacterium, strictly aerobic, non-motile, non-spore-forming, showing optimal growth without salt (NaCl) at 30 °C and pH of 6-7. The major quinone is Q10, and the dominant cellular fatty acids (>10%) are C18:l ω7c, C19 : 0 cyclo ω6c, C16 : 0 and C19 : 1 2OH. The polar lipid profile comprises diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine, along with unidentified aminophospholipids, glycophospholipids, aminolipids and lipids. Based on a polyphasic approach, including phylogenetic, phylogenomic, genome relatedness, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characterisations, EV16PT (= KCTC 8296T, = DSM 117028T) is proposed as a representative of a novel species in a novel genus with the proposed name Sorlinia euscelidii gen. nov., sp. nov., in honour of Prof. Claudia Sorlini, an Italian environmental microbiologist at the University of Milan who inspired the research on microbial diversity, including symbiosis in plants and animals.

Hohaiivirga grylli gen. nov., sp. nov., a New Member of the Family Methylobacteriaceae, Isolated from Cricket (Gryllus chinensis).

A Gram-staining negative, non-motile, rod-shaped, oxidase negative and catalase positive strain WL0021T was isolated from cricket (Gryllus chinensis) living in the campus of Hohai University. Strain WL0021T was characterized utilizing a polyphasic taxonomy approach. The major fatty acids (> 5%) for strain WL0021T were C16:0 and summed feature 8, and the major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phospholipid, two aminolipids, and an unidentified polar lipid. Ubiquinone-10 was detected as the predominant respiratory quinone. The results of 16S rRNA gene phylogenetic analyses revealed that strain WL0021T had the highest sequence similarity of 95.3% to Microvirga flavescens c27j1T and strain WL0021T formed a distinct linage within the family Methylobacteriaceae in the phylogenetic trees. Whole genomic DNA G+C content was 48.3%. Combined with the results from this study, strain WL0021T should represent a novel genus in the family Methylobacteriaceae, for which the name Hohaiivirga grylli gen. nov., sp. nov. (type strain WL0021T=GDMCC 1.2420T =JCM 34655T=MCCC 1K05886T) is proposed.

Description of Rhodobacter flavimaris sp. nov. and proposal of the genera Paenirhodobacter, Sedimentimonas, and Sinirhodobacter as synonyms of Rhodobacter.

Two Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, ovoid to short rod-shaped bacterial strains, designated as WL0062T and WL0115, were isolated from coastal zone of the Yellow Sea, Jiangsu Province, PR China, respectively. Strain WL0062T grew optimally at 28 °C, pH 7.0-8.0 and with 1.0-3.0% (w/v) NaCl. Strain WL0115 grew optimally at 28 °C, pH 6.0-7.0 and with 1.0-3.0% (w/v) NaCl. In the bac120 tree, strains WL0062T and WL0115 clustered together with Sedimentimonas flavescens B57T. The respiratory quinone of both strains was ubiquinone-10. The major polar lipids of both strains were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, glycolipid, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine, and one unidentified polar lipid. The major fatty acids of strain WL0062T were summed features 8 (C18 : 1 ω6c and/or C18 : 1 ω7c). The major fatty acids of strain WL0115 were summed features 8 (C18 : 1 ω6c and/or C18 : 1 ω7c), C18 : 0, iso-C17 : 1 ω5c and C20 : 4 ω6/9/12/15c (arachidonic acid). The G+C content of genomic DNA of strains WL0062T and WL0115 was 64.0 mol% in both of them. Combined with the analysis of average nucleotide identity, average amino acid identity, and digital DNA-DNA hybridization, strain WL0062T represents a novel species of the genus Rhodobacter, for which the name Rhodobacter flavimaris sp. nov is proposed. The type strain is WL0062T (=MCCC 1K06014T=JCM 34676T=GDMCC 1.2427T). Strain WL0115 (=MCCC 1K07531=JCM 35568=GDMCC 1.3088) should belong to the same species as Sedimentimonas flavescens B57T. In addition, on the basis of phylogenomic relationship and phenotypical characteristics, the genera Paenirhodobacter, Sedimentimonas, and Sinirhodobacter are proposed as synonyms of Rhodobacter.

Flavobacterium nakdongensis sp. nov., Isolated from Fresh Water during the Cyanobacterial Bloom Period.

A novel Gram-negative bacterial strain, 20NA77.7T , was isolated from fresh water of the Nakdong River. Strain 20NA77.7T shared the highest similarity with Flavobacterium indicum GPTSA100-9T (97.91%) and Flavobacterium urocaniciphilum DSM 27078T (96.24%) in the 16S rRNA gene sequence. The digital DNA-DNA hybridization and average nucleotide identity values for strain 20NA77.7T with Flavobacterium species were below 20.8% and 77.33%, respectively. The major fatty acids of strain 20NA77.7T were identified as iso-C15:0, iso-C16:0, iso-C15:1 G, anteiso-C15:0, iso-C15:0 3OH, and isoC16:0 3OH. Strain 20NA77.7T contained phosphatidylethanolamine, one unidentified aminolipid, and three unidentified lipids as polar lipids and menaquinone-6 as menaquinone. The polyphasic evidence supports the classification of strain 20NA77.7T as a novel species belonging to the genus Flavobacterium, for which the name Flavobacterium nakdongensis is proposed. The type strain is 20NA77.7T (= KCTC 102000T = LMG 33137T ).

Flagellimonas algarum sp. nov., isolated from dense mats of filamentous algae.

A novel Gram-stain-negative, strictly aerobic, rod-shaped, light-yellow-pigmented, and chemo-organoheterotrophic bacterium, designated DF-77T, was isolated from dense mats of filamentous algae collected in March 2004 at Okinawa in Japan. The microorganism grew at 0-2.0% NaCl concentrations (w/v), pH 6.0-9.0, and 20-30°C. The 16S rRNA gene sequence-based phylogenetic tree demonstrated that the strain DF-77T is a novel member of the family Flavobacteriaceae and was greatly related to Flagellimonas nanhaiensis SM1704T with sequence similarity of 95.5%. The main fatty acids were iso-C15:1 G, iso-C15:0, and iso-C17:0 3-OH, and the only isoprenoid quinone was menaquinone-6. The dominant polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, two unidentified aminolipids, an unidentified phosphoaminolipid, and four unidentified lipids. The genome size of strain DF-77T was 3.60 Mbp with a DNA G + C content of 47.5%. The average nucleotide identity (ANI) value between the genomes of strain DF-77T and its closely related species was 69.8-70.7%. The digital DNA - DNA hybridization (dDDH) value of strain DF-77T with the strain of F. nanhaiensis SM1704T was 16.8%. The genome of the strain DF-77T revealed that it encoded several genes involved in bio-macromolecule degradation, indicating a high potential for producing industrially useful enzymes. Consequently, the strain is described as a new species in the genus Flagellimonas, for which the name Flagellimonasalgarum sp. nov., is proposed with the type strain DF-77T (= KCTC 72791T = NBRC 114251T).

Dongia sedimenti sp. nov., isolated from river sediment.

A Gram-stain-negative, non-spore-forming and strictly aerobic bacterial strain, designated R-7T, was isolated from river sediment in Wuxi, Jiangsu, PR China. Cells (1.6-3.8 µm long and 0.6-0.8 µm wide) were slightly curved to straight rods and motile by means of a polar flagellum. The strain grew optimally on Reasoner's 2A medium at 30 °C, pH 7.0 and with 1.0% (w/v) NaCl. Strain R-7T exhibited closest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities to Dongia mobilis CGMCC 1.7660T (95.4%), D. rigui 04SU4-PT (94.6%) and D. soli D78T (93.8%). The phylogenetic trees based on genomic and 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain R-7T was clustered in the genus Dongia. The obtained average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values between R-7T and the three type strains of the genus Dongia were 73.4, 72.8 and 72.4% and 19.5, 19.0 and 18.7%, respectively. The major respiratory quinone was Q-10. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, three unidentified aminolipids, two unidentified aminophospholipids and nine unidentified polar lipids. The major cellular fatty acids (>5% of the total) were cyclo-C19 : 0 ω8c, C16 : 0 and C16 : 0 2-OH. The DNA G+C content was 65.5 mol%. On the basis of the evidence presented in this study, strain R-7T represents a novel species of the genus Dongia, for which the name Dongia sedimenti sp. nov. is proposed, with strain R-7T (=KCTC 8082T=MCCC 1K08805T) as the type strain.

Analysis of genomic and characterization features of Luteolibacter soli sp. nov., isolated from soil.

The strain designated as Y139T is a novel Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, and non-motile bacterium, was isolated from a soil sample in McClain County, Oklahoma, United States. The cells of strain Y139T were a rod-shaped, with the width of 0.4-0.7 and the length of 1.5-2.0 . Growth occurred at 20-37°C (optimum, 30°C), pH 5.5-9.5 (optimum, pH 7.0), and 0-1.0% NaCl (w/v) (optimum, 0%). The polar lipid profiles included phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidyldimethylethanolamine, and an unidentified lipid. The major fatty acids included C16:0, iso-C14:0, and C16:1 ω9c. Menaquinone-9 (MK-9) was recognized as the only respiratory quinone. Strain Y139T showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Luteolibacter flavescens MCCC 1K03193T (98.3%). Phylogenetic analysis positioned it within the genus Luteolibacter. The draft genome of strain Y139T consisted of 7,106,054 bp, and contained 5,715 open reading frames (ORFs), including 5,656 coding sequences (CDSs) and 59 RNA genes. The genomic DNA G + C content was found to be 62.5%. Comparing strain Y139T with L. flavescens MCCC 1K03193T and Luteolibacter arcticus CCTCC AB 2014275T, the average nucleotide identity (ANI) values were 80.6 and 82.1%, respectively. Following phylogenetic, physiological, biochemical, and chemotaxonomic analyses, a novel species within the genus Luteolibacter, designated as Luteolibacter soli sp. nov., was proposed for strain Y139T, which was also assigned as the type strain (=KCTC 92644T = MCCC 1H01451T). Further analysis of core genes across 9 Luteolibacter species uncovered significant genomic divergence, particularly in those related to cofactor, vitamin, and energy metabolism. Analysis of biogeographic distribution suggested that lake and soil were the main habitats for the genus Luteolibacter. Additionally, the genus Luteolibacter was sensitive to climate warming and precipitation.

Yunchengibacter salinarum gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel bacterium of the family Kordiimonadaceae isolated from sediment in Yuncheng salt lake.

A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, motile and rod-shaped bacterium, the color of the bacterial colony ranges from light yellow to yellow, designated YC-2023-2T, was isolated from sediment sample of Yuncheng salt lake. Growth occurred at 15-45℃ (optimum 37℃), pH 6.0-9.0 (optimum pH 7.0-8.0) and with 0-8.0% NaCl (w/v, optimum 2.0%). The phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain YC-2023-2T belonged to the family Kordiimonadaceae. The closely related members were Gimibacter soli 6D33T (92.38%), Kordiimonas lipolytica M41T (91.88%), Eilatimonas milleporae DSM 25217T (91.88%) and Kordiimonas gwangyangensis JCM 12864T (91.84%). The genome of strain YC-2023-2T was 2957513 bp, and the genomic DNA G+C content was 63.91%. The main respiratory quinone was Q-10 and the major fatty acids (>10%) were iso-C15:0, C16:0, C19:0 cyclo ω8c, Summed Feature 8 (C18:1 ω6c or C18:1 ω7c) and Summed Feature 9 (iso-C17:1 ω9c or C16:0 10-methyl). The major polar lipids consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, unidentified glycolipid, unidentified lipid, and two unidentified aminolipids. Based on the phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain YC-2023-2T is proposed to represent a novel species of a novel genus named Yunchengibacter salinarum gen. nov., sp. nov., within the family Kordiimonadaceae. The type strain is YC-2023-2T (= GDMCC 1.4502T = KCTC 8546T).

Polaribacter ponticola sp. nov., isolated from seawater, reclassification of Polaribacter undariae as a later heterotypic synonym of Polaribacter sejongensis, and emended description of Polaribacter sejongensis Kim et al. 2013.

A Gram-stain-negative, yellow-pigmented, and strictly aerobic bacterium, designated as strain MSW5T, was isolated from seawater of the Yellow Sea in South Korea. The cells were non-motile rods exhibiting oxidase- and catalase-positive activities. Growth was observed at 15-25 °C (optimum, 25 °C) and pH 5.0-9.0 (optimum, pH 7.0-8.0) and in the presence of 1.0-5.0% (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 2.0%). Menaquinone-6 was the sole respiratory quinone, and iso-C15 : 0, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1 ω7c and/or C16 : 1 ω6c), iso-C15 : 0 3-OH, and C15 : 1 ω6c were the major cellular fatty acids. Major polar lipids included phosphatidylethanolamine, two unidentified aminolipids, and three unidentified lipids. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and 92 concatenated core protein sequences revealed that strain MSW5T formed a distinct lineage within the genus Polaribacter. The genome of strain MSW5T was 3582 kb in size with a 29.1 mol% G+C content. Strain MSW5T exhibited the highest similarity to Polaribacter atrinae WP25T, with a 97.9% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. However, the average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values were 79.4 and 23.3%, respectively, indicating that strain MSW5T represents a novel species. Based on its phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, and phylogenetic characteristics, strain MSW5T is proposed to represent a novel species, with the name Polaribacter ponticola sp. nov. The type strain is MSW5T (=KACC 22340T=NBRC 116025T). In addition, whole genome sequence comparisons and phenotypic features suggested that Polaribacter sejongensis and Polaribacter undariae belong to the same species, with P. undariae proposed as a later heterotypic synonym of P. sejongensis. An emended description of Polaribacter sejongensis is also proposed.

Aequorivita flava sp. nov., isolated from deep-sea sediments.

Three Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-motile, chemoheterotrophic, short-rod-shaped bacteria, designated CDY1-MB1T, CDY2-MB3, and BDY3-MB2, were isolated from three marine sediment samples collected in the eastern Pacific Ocean. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that these strains were related to the genus Aequorivita and close to the type strain of Aequorivita vitellina F4716T (with similarities of 98.0-98.1%). Strain CDY1-MB1T can grow at 15-37 °C (optimum 30 °C) and in media with pH 6-9 (optimum, pH 7), and tolerate up to 10% (w/v) NaCl. The predominant cellular fatty acids of strain CDY1-MB1T were iso-C15 : 0 (20.7%) and iso-C17 : 0 3-OH (12.8%); the sole respiratory quinone was menaquinone 6; the major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, two unidentified aminolipids and two unidentified polar lipids. The digital DNA-DNA hybridization/average nucleotide identity values between strains CDY1-MB1T, CDY2-MB3, and BDY3-MB2 and A. vitellina F4716T were 24.7%/81.6-81.7%, thereby indicating that strain CDY1-MB1T should represent a novel species of the genus Aequorivita. The genomic DNA G+C contents were 37.6 % in all three strains. Genomic analysis showed the presence of genes related to nitrogen and sulphur cycling, as well as metal reduction. The genetic traits of these strains indicate their possible roles in nutrient cycling and detoxification processes, potentially shaping the deep-sea ecosystem's health and resilience. Based upon the consensus of phenotypic and genotypic analyses, strain CDY1-MB1T should be classified as a novel species of the genus Aequorivita, for which the name Aequorivita flava sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CDY1-MB1T (=MCCC 1A16935T=KCTC 102223T).

Description of Aliirhizobium terrae sp. nov., A Plant Growth-Promoting Bacterium Isolated from a Maize-Rice Rotation Agriculture Field.

A polyphasic taxonomic approach was used to characterize a novel bacterium, designated strain CC-CFT758T, isolated from a maize-rice rotation agriculture field in Taiwan. The cells are aerobic, Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, positive for catalase and oxidase, and grow at 20-30°C (optimal 30℃), at pH 6.0-8.0 (optimal 8.0), and with 0-4% (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 2-3%). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing, the strain CC-CFT758T belongs to the genus "Aliirhizobium" of the family Rhizobiaceae. The closest known relatives of this strain are "Aliirhizobium wenxiniae" 166T (with 98.7% similarity), "Aliirhizobium cellulosilyticum" SEMIA 448T (with 97.9% similarity), and "Aliirhizobium smilacinae" PTYR-5T (with 97.0% similarity). The genome size was 5.9 Mbp, with a G + C content of 60.6%. Values of digital DNA-DNA hybridization between the strain and closely related species were 29.5% for "Ali. cellulosilyticum", and 23.9% for "Ali. wenxiniae" and "Ali. smilacinae". Strain CC-CFT758T exhibited the highest orthologous average nucleotide identity (OrthoANI) values with members of the genus "Aliirhizobium", ranging from 80.4 to 81.6% (n = 3). Chemotaxonomical analysis indicated that strain CC-CFT758T contained C16:0, C16:0 3OH, C19:0 cyclo ω8c, C14:0 3OH/iso-C16:1 I, and C18:2 ω6,9c/ante C18:0 as dominant fatty acids, and the major polyamines were putrescine and spermidine. The polar lipids comprised diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholin, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine, seven unidentified aminolipids, three unidentified phospholipids, and two unidentified polar lipids. Strain CC-CFT758T exhibited distinct phylogenetic, phenotypic, and chemotaxonomic characteristics, as well as unique results in comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequence, OrthoANI, AAI, dDDH, and phylogenomic placement. Therefore, this strain represents a new species of the genus "Aliirhizobium", for which the name Aliirhizobium terrae sp. nov. is proposed, with the type strain is CC-CFT758T (= BCRC 81364T = JCM 35482T).

Rufibacter psychrotolerans sp. nov., a Cold-Tolerating Novel Species Isolated from Desert Soil.

Strain SYSU D00308T, a short-rod-shaped bacterium, was isolated from a sandy soil collected from the Gurbantunggut Desert, Xinjiang, PR China. Strain SYSU D00308T was Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, pink-pigmented, non-motile, catalase- and oxidase-positive. The strain grew at 4-37 ℃, pH 5.0-8.0 and 0-1.5% (w/v) NaCl. 16S rRNA gene sequencing analyses demonstrated that strain SYSU D00308T belonged to the genus Rufibacter and exhibited the highest sequence similarity (97.4%) to Rufibacter glacialis MDT1-10-3T. Summed features 3, 4, and iso-C15:0 were the major fatty acids, and menaquinone 7 (MK-7) was the sole respiratory menaquinone. The polar lipid profiles comprised phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified glycolipid, an unidentified phospholipid, two unidentified aminophospholipids, and two unidentified lipids. The genome size and DNA G + C content of strain SYSU D00308T were 5,176,683 bp and 54.8%, respectively. The average nucleotide identity (ANI) and digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) values between SYSU D00308T and members of the genus Rufibacter were 77.7-81.8% and 20.4-23.4% respectively, which were less than the corresponding thresholds (ANI: 95-96%; dDDH: 70%) for prokaryotic species definition. According to the genotypic, phenotypic and phylogenetic characteristics, strain SYSU D00308T represents a novel species of the genus Rufibacter. We propose the name, Rufibacter psychrotolerans sp. nov., with SYSU D00308T (= CGMCC 1.18621T = KCTC 82275T = MCCC 1K04970T) as the type strain.

Streptomyces odontomachi sp. nov., a novel actinobacterium with antimicrobial potential isolated from ants (Odontomachus simillimus Smith, 1858).

A new actinomycete strain, ODS25T, exhibited antimicrobial activity against Bacillus subtilis, Kocuria rhizophila, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, was isolated from the ants, Odontomachus simillimus, collected from National Science Museum Thailand, Pathum Thani, Thailand. A polyphasic technique was used to characterize the taxonomic position. The morphological and chemotaxonomic properties of the strain are typical of members of the genus Streptomyces. Strain ODS25T contained ll-diaminopimelic and glucose in the whole-cell hydrolysate. The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C16:0, iso-C15:0, and anteiso-C15:0. The polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol mannosides, phosphatidylinositol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, three unidentified phospholipids, three unidentified amino lipids and two unidentified lipids. The menaquinones were MK-9(H6), MK-9(H8), and MK-9(H4). The G + C content of the genomic DNA was 71.3%. The 16 S rRNA gene sequence analysis demonstrated that the strain had the highest similarity to Streptomyces lusitanus NBRC 13464T (98.07%) but shared the phylogenetic neighbour with Streptomyces sulfonofaciens JCM 5069T. Both digital DNA-DNA hybridization and average nucleotide identity values among strain ODS25T and its associated Streptomyces type strains fell within the values lower than the threshold for differentiate the strain to the same species. Based on the phenotypic characteristics and genotypic distinctiveness, strain ODS25T is considered a novel species within the genus Streptomyces, for which the name Streptomyces odontomachi sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is ODS25T (=TBRC 16204T=NBRC 115862T).

Edaphobacter paludis sp. nov., a new acidophilic representative of the Acidobacteriota isolated from fen soils.

Two new strains JP48T and JP55 affiliated with the acidobacterial class Terriglobia have been isolated from fen soil sampled in the Fichtelgebirge Mountains near Bayreuth, Germany. Both strains were Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, non-spore-forming rods that divide by binary fission, segregate exopolysaccharide-like material and form capsules. Strains JP48T and JP55 grew at 4-36 °C (optimum at 27 °C), pH 3.6-7.3 (optimum at pH 4.6-5.5) and with NaCl concentrations of 0-3% (optimum at 1.0%; w/v). Strains JP48T and JP55 grew aerobically on a wide range of organic substrates including mono- and oligosaccharides, amino acids and short-chained fatty acids. MK-8 was identified as the major respiratory quinone. The major fatty acids for strains JP48T and JP55 were iso-C15 : 0, C16 : 1 ω7c, C16 : 0 and iso-diabolic acid. Phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, lysophophatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, unidentified glyco- and glycophospholipids, and unidentified high mass lipid species were the major polar membrane lipids. The G+C content of strains JP48T and JP55 was 57.4 and 57.2 mol%, respectively. The genomes of strains JP48T and JP55 contained nine potential secondary metabolite regions encoding for the compound classes NRPS(-like), T3PKS, terpene, or lanthipeptide class IV. Phylogenetic reconstruction and 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 98.3 and 96.9% identified Edaphobacter dinghuensis DHF9T and Edaphobacter lichenicola DSM 104462T as the most closely related type strains to strains JP48T and JP55. Based on their phenotype, phylogeny and chemotaxonomy, we propose the novel species Edaphobacter paludis sp. nov. (type strain JP48T=DSM 109919T=CECT 30269T; additional strain JP55=DSM 109920=CECT 30268) within the class Terriglobia of the phylum Acidobacteriota.

Flavobacterium rivulicola sp. nov., Isolated from a Freshwater Stream.

A Gram-strain-negative, aerobic, yellow-colored, non-motile, and rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated IMCC34852T, was isolated from a freshwater stream in the Republic of Korea. Cellular growth occurred at 10-37°C, pH 6.0-9.0, and with 0-0.5% (w/v) NaCl. The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain IMCC34852T belonged to the genus Flavobacterium and that the strain was most closely related to F. cheonhonense ARSA-15T (97.6%), F. buctense T7T (96.7%), F. silvisoli RD-2-33T (96.1%), and F. paronense KNUS1T (96.1%). The whole-genome sequence of strain IMCC34852T was 3.2 Mbp in size, with a DNA G + C content 37.3%. The average nucleotide identities (ANI) and digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) values between strain IMCC34852T and its related species were all below 79.8% and 22.7%, respectively, which are significantly lower than the thresholds of 95% for ANI and 70% for DDH for species delineation. The major respiratory quinone of strain IMCC34852T was menaquinone-6 (MK-6) and the predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C15:0 (32.6%), iso-C16:0 (11.7%), iso-C15:1 G (10.3%), and iso-C14:0 (6.7%). The major polar lipids of the strain were phosphatidylethanolamine, two unidentified aminolipids and six unidentified lipids. Based on these results, it was concluded that strain IMCC34852T represents a novel species in the genus Flavobacterium, for which the name Flavobacterium rivulicola sp. nov is proposed. The type strain of the proposed novel species is IMCC34852T (= KACC 23133T = KCTC 82066T = NBRC 114419T).

Desertibaculum subflavum gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel member of the family Sneathiellaceae isolated from the Kumtag Desert soil.

A novel rod-shaped bacterium, designated as strain SYSU D60015T that formed yellowish colonies was isolated from a sandy soil collected from the Kumtag Desert in Xinjiang, China. Cells were Gram-stain-negative, oxidase-positive, catalase-negative and motile with a single polar flagellum. Growth optimum occurred between 28 and 37°C, pH 7.0 and with 0-0.5% (W/V) NaCl. The predominant cellular fatty acids (> 5%) were summed feature 8 (C18:1 ω7c and/or C18:1 ω6c), C19:0 cyclo ω8c, C18:1 ω7c 11-methyl and C16:0. The polar lipid profile contained one phosphatidylethanolamine, one diphosphatidylglycerol, one phosphatidylglycerol, one unidentified phospholipid, three unidentified aminolipids, two unidentified aminophospholipids and seven unidentified lipids. The only respiratory quinone was ubiquinone-10. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence phylogenetic analysis, strain SYSU D60015T was found to form a distinct linage within the family Sneathiellaceae, and had 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 90.8% to Taonella mepensis H1T, and 90.2% to Ferrovibrio denitrificans S3T. The genome of SYSU D60015T was 5.66 Mb in size with 68.2% of DNA G + C content. The low digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH, 18.0%), average nucleotide identity (ANI, 77.5%) and amino acid identity (AAI, 56.0%) values between SYSU D60015T and Ferrovibrio terrae K5T indicated that SYSU D60015T might represent a distinct genus. Based on the phylogenetic, phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genomic data, we propose Desertibaculum subflavum gen. nov., sp. nov. as a novel species of a new genus within the family Sneathiellaceae. The type strain is SYSU D60015T (= NBRC 112952T = CGMCC 1.16256T).