Uniaxial Compression Tests Research Articles

Research on the Stability Mechanism and Control Technology of Surrounding Rock in Filling Working Face with Gob-Side Entry Retaining

Gob-side entry retaining (GER) in filling working face promotes sustainable mining by preserving roadways for reuse, reducing resource consumption, and minimizing environmental disturbances. This study investigates the deformation mechanism and failure characteristic of the mining roadway during GER in filling working face, using the CT301 headgate at Chahasu Coal Mine as a case study. A UDEC Trigon numerical model was established, and uniaxial compression tests were conducted to calibrate the mechanical parameters of the rock mass and filling material. The deformation, crack distribution, overburden subsidence, and lateral stress were compared under four conditions: caving method and filling rates of 65%, 80%, and 95%. The results showed that compared to the caving method, the filling method can effectively control overburden movement and suppress roadway deformation. As the filling rate increases, the surrounding rock deformation, crack density, subsidence, and lateral stress all decrease. Overall, the 95% filling rate was the most effective, followed by 80% filling rate, 65% filling rate, and then the caving method. After adopting a 95% filling rate at CT301 panel, the maximum deformation of CT301 headgate was only 190 mm, meeting the mine’s production requirements.

Effects of Thermal and Stress Cycles on the Mechanical Properties and Acoustic Emission Characteristics of Rocks

Abstract The surrounding rock of underground rock chamber is frequently affected by disturbance load and circulating temperature; it is meaningful to study the mechanical properties of surrounding rock under these conditions for the construction of a safe and effective underground chamber. This study investigates the mechanical properties, failure modes, and acoustic emission (AE) characteristics of basalt and sandstone under various pretreatments, including water saturation pretreatment (rock samples [SR]), rock samples subjected to cyclic temperature pretreatment (SR-CTT), rock samples subjected to cyclic loading pretreatment (SR-CLT), and rock samples subjected to combined cyclic loading and temperature pretreatment (SR-CTT-CLT). A series of uniaxial compression tests (UCTs) were conducted to analyze how these pretreatments affect the mechanical properties of basalt and sandstone. These two kinds of rock exhibit distinct failure modes, SR-CLT and SR-CTT-CLT make the failure of basalt change from inclined shear to X-shaped shear, while SR-CLT makes it turn into splitting. AE data reveal that basalt generally exhibits lower AE counts than sandstone, with the highest counts observed under SR-CTT-CLT. Energy analysis indicates that basalt accumulates more total energy (Et) and elastic energy (Ee) compared to sandstone, with different pretreatments affecting energy dissipation (Ed) and damage severity differently in each rock type. These findings contribute to understanding the complex interactions between pretreatment methods and rock behavior in engineering applications.

Macroscopic and Mesoscopic Damage Characteristics and Energy Evolution Laws of Rock Mass With Double Arcuate Fractures Under Uniaxial Compression

ABSTRACTIn order to reveal the influence of double arc‐shaped fissure dip angles on the macro‐micro failure and energy evolution laws of rock masses, a numerical model of red sandstone was firstly established using the PFC2D. Moreover, mesoscopic parameters of the numerical model were calibrated based on the uniaxial compression tests on intact and single straight fissure red sandstone specimens. Then, particle flow simulation tests of red sandstone with different arc‐shaped fissure dip angles were carried out. The results show that the peak strength and elastic modulus both increase with the increase of arc‐shaped fissure dip angle α, exhibiting an oblique shear‐tensile failure pattern. Six types of cracks evolved during the instability and rupture of the rock mass with double arc‐shaped fissures. The macroscopic fissures in the rock mass ultimately penetrate along the extension direction of the arc‐shaped fissures. As the arc‐shaped fissure dip angle α increases, the crack evolution is positively correlated with the acoustic emission (AE) of the specimen. When approaching instability failure, the AE ringing count rapidly increases. There is a critical angle limit inflection point for the total energy absorbed by the rock between 60° and 75°, with a total energy increase of about 54%. During instability failure, it is dominated by dissipative energy, with elastic energy as a supplement. This article derived a damage constitutive model of red sandstone with different arc‐shaped fissure dip angles, revealing the damage laws of red sandstone under different arc‐shaped fissure dip angles.

Data-Driven Framework for the Prediction of PEGDA Hydrogel Mechanics.

Poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) hydrogels are biocompatible and photo-cross-linkable, with accessible values of elastic modulus ranging from kPa to MPa, leading to their wide use in biomedical and soft material applications. However, PEGDA gels possess complex microstructures, limiting the use of standard polymer theories to describe them. As a result, we lack a foundational understanding of how to relate their composition, processing, and mechanical properties. To address this need, we use a data-driven approach to develop an empirical predictive framework based on high-quality data obtained from uniaxial compression tests and validated using prior data found in the literature. The developed framework accurately predicts the hydrogel shear modulus and the strain-stiffening coefficient using only synthesis parameters, such as the molecular weight and initial concentration of PEGDA, as inputs. These results provide simple and reliable experimental guidelines for precisely controlling both the low-strain and high-strain mechanical responses of PEGDA hydrogels, thereby facilitating their design for various applications.

Influence of water saturation on mechanical characteristics and fracture evolution of coal rock assemblage with rough interfaces

To comprehensively investigate the influence of water content on the mechanical and crack propagation characteristics of coal rock assemblage (CRA) with a rough interface, uniaxial compression tests were conducted on specimens with varying water content. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and acoustic emission (AE) techniques were employed to monitor the water content and AE signals throughout the experiment. The physical and mechanical properties, as well as the extent of crack development and acoustic emission (AE) parameters, were comprehensively investigated under conditions of water erosion. The results demonstrate that a rough interface contributes to an enhancement in the compressive strength of the composite material. Moreover, the moisture content exerts a significant influence on various aspects of the composite specimen, including its compressive strength, time b value, crack development, and crack propagation. With the increase in water content, the initial single slope shear failure of the composite specimen gradually transitions into a multi-section shear failure mechanism. Under the influence of water-rock interaction, sandstone within the formation undergoes a metamorphosis from a densely cemented structure to an irregular honeycomb-like configuration. This transformative process engenders novel porosity and fractures, ultimately compromising the rock’s mechanical strength. The analysis focuses on the relationship between the AE parameter b and uniaxial stress and water content, with emphasis on its relevance to damage theory. A damage model based on water immersion rate was established to elucidate the correlation between damage variables and water content. This was achieved by considering the characteristics of water-rock coupling AE and constructing a structural model of the water absorption process in different pore throats, thereby providing valuable insights for stability design and evaluation of roadway rock masses.

Energy Absorption Behavior of Elastomeric Matrix Composites Reinforced with Hollow Glass Microspheres

Hollow glass microsphere (HGM) reinforced composites are a suitable alternative to energy absorption materials in the automotive and aerospace industries, because of their high crush efficiency and energy absorption characteristics. In this study, a polyurethane elastomeric matrix was reinforced with HGMs for HGM loadings ranging from 0 to 70 vol% (volume fraction). Quasi-static uniaxial compression tests were performed, subjecting the composite to compressive strains of up to 65%, to assess stress vs. strain and energy absorption characteristics. The results reveal that samples with a higher concentration of spheres generally exhibit better crush efficiency. Specifically, the highest crush efficiency was observed in samples with a 70 vol% HGM loading. A similar relationship was reflected in the energy absorption efficiency results, with the highest energy absorption observed in the 65 vol% sample. A correlation exists between the concentration of HGMs and important metrics such as mean crush stress and energy absorption efficiency. However, it is crucial to note that the optimal choice of sphere concentration varies depending on the desired performance characteristics of the material.

Optimization of preparation parameters and testing verification of carbon nanotube suspensions used in concrete

Abstract Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have received extensive attention due to their exceptional properties and wide range of applications. However, the agglomeration of CNTs in aqueous solutions and organic solvents significantly limits their large-scale application. In this study, the microscopic morphology and dispersion stability of the CNT suspensions were analyzed, and the most suitable surfactant in this study was selected. The preparation parameters of the CNT suspensions were optimized, and uniaxial compression tests were conducted on carbon nanotube concrete (CNTC) prepared using the optimized parameters. Scanning electron microscope analysis was used to investigate the improvement in the microstructure of the concrete by CNTs. Transmission electron microscope micrographs of the polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP)-CNT suspensions exhibited a uniformly distributed CNT cross-linked network. The absorbance reduction ratio of PVP-CNT suspensions after standing for 90 days was 13.75 and 22.41%, respectively. The absorbance reduction ratio of the suspensions first increased and then decreased with increasing dispersant ratio and ultrasonic dispersion time and increased with increasing ultrasonic power ratio. Compared with that of plain concrete, the uniaxial compressive strength of CNTC significantly improved, with a maximum increase of 18.15% when the content was 0.10%, and the failure mode exhibited typical shear failure characteristics. The optimized preparation parameters for the CNT suspensions were a PVP-to-multiwalled carbon nanotube mass ratio of 4:1, an ultrasonic dispersion time of 20 min, and an ultrasonic power of 60%. These optimized parameters are ideal choices for preparing CNT cement-based composite suspensions.

Study on the pore structure of eco-regenerated mortar using corn cob based on nuclear magnetic resonance

This study aims to investigate the influence of corn cob particles on pore structure of mortar. By using NMR technology, the pore parameters of fast-hardening sulfoaluminate cement mortar (SAC) and ordinary Portland cement mortar (PO) were measured and compared. The influence of corncob particles on the mechanical properties of eco-mortar was evaluated by uniaxial compression test. The results indicate that medium and large pores of both SAC and PO increases with corn cob particle, as well as the porosity. The fractal dimensions of harmful and multiple harmful pores are negatively correlated with the volume fraction of corn cob particles. The addition of corn cob particles reduced the overall fractal dimension of the mortar and decreased the complexity of internal pores. The probability density function of grayscale values transitions from being “thin and tall” to “short and wide”, with an increasing proportion of high grayscale values. This leads to an increase in the proportion of large pores within the mortar, resulting in a continuous deterioration of pore structure. The addition of corn cob particles greatly reduces the strength of SAC and PO, but the peak stress of SAC is higher than that of PO. When corn cob particle content is 30wt% and 50wt%, the peak stress of SAC is increased by 23.37% and 14.25%, respectively, compared with the peak stress of PO.

Intelligent characterization and robustness quantification of frozen soil strength images using a multi-module fusion strategy

In frozen wall engineering, traditional detection methods are difficult to implement for real-time monitoring of strength parameters, due to their intermittent nature. This makes it difficult to provide timely warnings and effective responses to potential risks of frozen walls, highlighting the urgent need for a method that can continuously and accurately monitor the strength of frozen walls. An image data-driven intelligent identification method for frozen soil strength based on convolutional neural networks is proposed. By capturing images of cured samples from multiple angles and conducting uniaxial compressive strength tests, the collected strength data were divided into 12 categories, creating an image dataset for deep learning model training. A Resnet-34 deep learning model combined with global attention and downsampling showed excellent performance in comparison with a series of basic models, with an accuracy of 93.3 % and no overfitting. The accuracy of the deep learning model was assessed using adversarial attack and defense strategies, serving as an indicator of robustness. The improved model exhibited better robustness in comparative analyses. Using SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) value analysis, the feature extraction process of the convolutional neural network in recognizing frozen soil strength was investigated and clarified, confirming the model's ability to identify and extract key features in frozen soil images, such as particle size, texture, cracks, and ice crystal distribution patterns. This technology offers a cutting-edge method for real-time tracking of frozen wall conditions and early disaster warnings, significantly enhancing the safety and success rate of construction projects under freezing conditions.

Dynamic constitutive modeling and numerical validation of composite toughened oil well cement for well cementing applications

The mechanical property of cement sheaths is a primary indicator for evaluating the quality of well cementing in oil and gas wells. With the exploration and development of complex reservoirs, higher demands are placed on the mechanical properties and the dynamic constitutive models of oil well cement (OWC). This study modified the strength model based on the original Holmquist-Johnson-Cook (HJC) constitutive model and established a dynamic constitutive model suitable for composite toughened OWC with added styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR)latex and polymer polypropylene fiber (PPF). Mechanical tests were conducted on basic and toughened OWC to determine the model parameters, including uniaxial compression, triaxial compression, brazilian splitting, and split hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) tests. Then, the parameters of the HJC model were calibrated through numerical simulation. Finally, liquid carbon dioxide phase change blasting (LCPCB) experiments were performed to compare the failure characteristics of the two types of OWC at high strain rates, and numerical simulations were used to verify the effectiveness and accuracy of the improved HJC model parameters. The numerical simulation results of the LCPCB test indicate that the fracture patterns and fracturing effect evaluation coefficient of toughened OWC agree with the experimental results. The improved HJC model can effectively describe the dynamic mechanical behavior of toughened OWC during impact processes and provide valuable parameter references for constitutive models of OWC and theoretical support for optimizing designs of perforation completion and fracturing operations after well cementing.

Rheology Assessment of Mortar Materials for Additive Manufacturing

Abstract: This review article discusses the relevant rheological tests to evaluate the properties of compositions applied to the 3D printing of concrete (3DCP). These materials must rapidly develop rigidity and resistance, avoiding the collapse of the printed structure, with suitable buildability and other state properties, such as extrudability. A good balance must be maintained between properties and rheological parameters, such as yield stress and viscosity. Cohesion, Young's modulus, and thixotropy are also among the parameters used in these evaluations. The rheological tests addressed are the rheometer, direct shear test, uniaxial unconfined compression test, and penetration test. Their limitations must be taken into account to obtain accurate values of the rheological parameters. It was found that the most used test is the rheometer, and the test that needs to be further studied is the penetration test. Hence, it is recommended to search for a more expeditious method related to the rheological assessment to facilitate obtaining the associated parameters in a simple way.

Numerical simulation on the three-dimension mesoscopic model of aerated ceramsite concrete based on CT scan

As a kind of composite construction material integrated with relatively high strength and excellent acoustic and thermal insulation, aerated ceramsite concrete (ACC) characterizes with multilevel pore structures with different features in aerated cement slurry base, ceramsite aggregate and the interfacial transition zone (ITZ) respectively. It was found that pores distribution in ceramsite aggregates was relatively regular with pore walls being smooth and compact. In contrast, pore sizes and distribution in aerated cement slurry base were obviously discrete and pore walls were loose. Prominently, the ITZ was denser than both of aerated cement slurry base and ceramsite with less pores inside. To reproduce reasonable 3D mesoscopic model of ACC for effective simulation, the ACC specimen was first remodeled using MIMICS by CT scanning. The proposed simulation method well represented the real ceramsite aggregates and distribution in ACC and the result coincided with the test based on the related defining of crushable foam material model of the aerated mortar cement slurry and ceramsite aggregates. The uniaxial compressive test of ACC and simulation indicate that, the porous structure and strength matching between the aerated cement slurry base and ceramsite aggregates were the key factors to affect the mechanism and failure of ACC. The internal cracks mostly originated from the aerated cement slurry base or in the ceramsite aggregates being more porous with lower strength.

Comparison of the mechanical properties and constitutive models of carbon fiber-reinforced coral concrete cubes and prisms under uniaxial compression

Carbon fiber reinforced coral concrete (CFRCC) plays a crucial role in island construction. In engineering applications, CFRCC is often subjected to complex stress states. Multiaxial stress studies usually use cubes, and in order to maintain research consistency, uniaxial studies also often use cubes. Traditional uniaxial stress studies mainly use prisms. However, the differences in uniaxial compression mechanical properties between these two types of specimens have not been thoroughly studied. To fill this gap, this study conducted uniaxial compression tests on cubes and compared the results with previous tests on prisms.The results showed that the failure patterns of the two types of specimens were different. The main cracks of the cubes were vertically distributed, while the main cracks of the prisms mostly unfolded diagonally. The addition of carbon fibers (CFs) reduced the number of large cracks and increased the number of microcracks. The stress-strain curves, peak stress, peak strain, and initial elastic modulus of the two types of specimens show similar variations with CFs, and CFs significantly improve the mechanical properties of coral concrete. The constitutive models based on prisms cannot accurately describe the mechanical behavior of cubes, therefore, we proposed revised constitutive models. The revised constitutive models can accurately describe the mechanical behavior of cubes. This study laid the foundation for subsequent research on multiaxial stress.

Effect of steel fibers on the stress–strain behaviour of aligned steel fiber ultra-high performance concrete under uniaxial compression

The mechanical properties of ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) can be significantly enhanced by aligning the fibers. Aligned steel fiber UHPC (ASF-UHPC) was fabricated using a uniform magnetic field, yet the corresponding stress-strain relationship has not been extensively studied, hindering accurate calculations. To address this gap, ASF-UHPC was prepared and subsequently subjected to CT scans and uniaxial compression tests to investigate its stress-strain behavior. The analysis of failure mode and stress-strain curves revealed distinct anisotropic characteristics in compressive stresses and fiber distributions. Various steel fiber parameters, including the alignment orientation, volume fraction, and length, were systematically analysed to assess their impact on the material properties. A unit-cell model was developed to elucidate the influence of the fiber alignment orientation on UHPC performance. The results demonstrate that a parallel fiber alignment significantly enhances the elastic modulus, albeit with a Poisson ratio similar to that of the matrix, owing to the limited lateral confinement. Conversely, perpendicular fiber alignment restrains lateral deformation, enhancing the material strength and toughness. Randomly distributed fibers offered a degree of horizontal confinement, whereas inclined fibers induced horizontal thrust, leading to excessive lateral deformation and consequent elevation of the Poisson ratio. Finally, predictive equations for UHPC elastic modulus and compressive strength, along with an analysis model for stress-strain characteristics, were refined taking into account the direction of fiber arrangement.

Fracture Process of Rock Containing a Hole Before and After Reinforcement: Experimental Test and Numerical Simulation

A deeper understanding of the fracture evolution of hole-containing rocks is helpful for predicting the fracture of engineering rock mass. Based on this, uniaxial compression tests and two-dimensional numerical tests were conducted on red sandstone containing three different shapes of holes before and after reinforcement. The mechanical properties, stress field evolution, and AE energy and AE events during the sample fracture process were studied. The conclusions are that: (1) The reinforced specimens exhibited a significant increase in Young’s modulus and strength compared to the unreinforced specimens (containing a semicircular arch hole). (2) The sample always cracks from the loaded axial direction of the hole, presenting as tensile cracks. Subsequently, stress concentration at the corners of the hole results in shear cracks. Finally, the cracks gradually expand and merge with the holes; there are obvious macroscopic cracks and fracture surfaces on the sample surface, which proves that the sample has been fractured. (3) The reinforcement of the hole-containing sandstone can effectively inhibit the expansion of cracks in the rock. (4) When the stress on the specimen is less than its peak stress, the accumulation of the AE energy and AE events in the reinforced sample are greater than those in the unreinforced sample. The specimen experiences more intense compression-induced fracturing and has a stronger load-bearing capacity.

Uniaxial Compressive Failure Characteristics and Fractal Analysis of Mud–Sand Composite Rock Samples Based on Acoustic Emission Tests

In order to study the influence of rock combination types on their mechanical properties and failure characteristics, uniaxial compression tests of single rock samples and combined rock samples were conducted. Acoustic emission (AE) signals during the test process were collected, and the differences in AE signals of single rock samples and combined rock samples were studied based on the fractal theory. The results showed that the peak strength, elastic modulus, peak strain, and failure degree of the combined rock samples are all between those of the two single rock samples. The AE ringing count gradually increases with the loading process and suddenly increases to the maximum when the rock sample fails. During this process, the phase trajectory volume corresponding to the ringing count shows an evolution law of first decreasing and then increasing, while the correlation dimension corresponding to the ringing count signal shows an overall evolution law of first increasing and then decreasing. The results indicate that the phase trajectory volume, correlation dimension, and crack changes have a consistent dynamic change. Therefore, the phase trajectory and correlation dimension are effective tools to describe the pore change characteristics of rock combinations.

Effect of Time and Stress on Creep Damage Characteristics of Cement-Based Materials

In the realm of daily life, ensuring the safety of building structures and civil engineering projects remains a paramount research focus. The creep properties of materials significantly influence their long-term loading process. Specifically, creep load and creep time are pivotal factors that impact material creep damage, thereby playing a crucial role in assessing the safety of engineering endeavors and estimating aspects such as housing construction. This study undertakes creep damage tests on cement-based materials, subjecting them to varying creep loads and creep times, and subsequently conducts uniaxial compression tests on the specimens post-creep damage. The refined Nishihara model is employed for data fitting, facilitating the construction of a creep damage time-stress model. Concurrently, a Neural Network model is utilized to validate the experimental data. The findings indicate that both steady-state creep strain and steady-state creep rate exhibit discernible trends relative to creep load and creep time, effectively mirroring the alterations in creep damage experienced by the specimens. The refined Nishihara model proves adept at predicting and equating creep damage under diverse creep loads and creep times. Similarly, the trained Neural Network model demonstrates capability in measuring and estimating various creep damages. The study successfully explored the correlation between creep time and creep load, enabling the simulation of long-term creep damage within a shorter creep time and facilitating an analysis of its physical and mechanical properties, which is pivotal in predicting the safety of large-scale engineering projects. Concurrently, it advances research on material damage equivalence, offering insights and theoretical groundwork for developing a system to assess material damage equivalence under various damage conditions.

Effect of hydro-chemical corrosion on mechanical properties of red sandstone under uniaxial and triaxial compression

The degradation of mechanical characteristics of sandstone, a common engineering material in acid environment, is directly related to the project service life forecast. In order to investigate the influence of water–rock interaction on the mechanical properties of red sandstone, a series of uniaxial and triaxial compression tests were conducted on sandstone immersed in solutions of different pH values and immersion times. Moreover, the effects of acid chemical corrosion on the microscopic structure of the sandstone were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) tests. A chemical damage strength model was then formulated within the theoretical framework of chemical reaction kinetics theory. The results indicate that the different hydro-chemical solutions have a significant deterioration effect on the sandstone. In immersion tests, the water–rock reaction of sandstone is essentially completed after 30 days of immersion. With increasing immersion time, the uniaxial compressive strength of sandstone immersed in neutral and weakly acidic saline solutions shows an initial rapid decrease followed by a slow increase, while sandstone immersed in distilled water and strongly acidic solutions shows varying degrees of decrease over time. High confining pressure weakens the corrosion effect of the solutions on the sandstone, particularly, the neutral solution. In the triaxial compression tests, strong acid has a great corrosion effect on sandstone. The average peak strength of sandstone immersed in pH2, pH4, pH7, and distilled water decreased by 30.2%, 28.7%, 25.1%, and 22.8%, respectively. The model considers calcium precipitation not only reflects the change in pH value of the immersion solution with time but also effectively predicts the strength of sandstone immersed in different solutions. The results deepen our understanding of the deterioration mechanism of silicon-based porous rock under different chemical solutions and would be of importance for the long-term stability analysis of rock engineering in complex groundwater environments.

Mechanical properties and damage characterization of cracked granite after cyclic temperature action

Due to the unique geographical environment of the plateau, large-scale damage and destruction of fractured surrounding rock often occur during geotechnical engineering construction as a result of high-temperature cycles. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the mechanical properties and damage characteristics of fractured granite under the influence of cyclic temperature, uniaxial compression tests were conducted on granite specimens with pre-existing fractures at cyclic temperatures of 30 °C, 50 °C, 70 °C, 100 °C, and 130 °C. The study integrated analyses of characteristic stress, acoustic emission parameters, damage variables, fractal dimensions, and SEM to explore the mechanical properties and damage features of granite. The results indicated that at a 45° fracture inclination and a temperature of 70 °C, granite exhibited a distinct turning point in mechanical properties and damage characteristics. At the same cyclic temperature, granite with a 45° pre-existing fracture showed significant decreases in peak stress, elastic modulus, and σci/σm ratios, with the AE b-value drop point noticeably earlier, and both cumulative AE ring count and total energy reduced. The damage variable quickly reached its maximum, and the development of internal microcracks in the specimen is highly orderly. At the same fracture inclination, peak stress, elastic modulus, and σci/σm slightly increased at 70 °C, while AE ring counts and total energy were lower, indicating the degree of internal thermal damage in the specimen has significantly decreased, and the development of internal microcracks in the specimen has shown a marked reduction in orderliness. These findings provide theoretical insight into the meso-damage and failure mechanisms of granite influenced by different cyclic temperatures and fracture inclinations.

Novel Cement-Based Materials Using Seawater, Reused Construction Waste, and Alkali Agents

This study aimed to develop marine alkali paste (MAP) produced using seawater (SW), recyclable particle material from paste specimens (RPPs), and alkali agents including NaOH (NH) and Na2O·3SiO2 (NS). The physicochemical properties and strength of the MAP were investigated with uniaxial compression tests (UCTs), an Energy-Dispersive Spectrometer (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and thermal-field emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The key information on the MAP preparation and experiments, including mix ratios, ages, curing, and sub-specimen locations, were recorded during the investigation. The results indicated that 8-day-old MAP prepared with NS reached a maximum compressive strength of 8.3 MPa, while 8-day-old NH-prepared specimens achieved up to 5.59 MPa. By 49 days, NS-prepared MAP had strengths between 5.46 MPa and 7.34 MPa, while the strength of NH-prepared MAP ranged from 3.59 MPa to 5.83 MPa. The key hydration products were Friedel’s salt (3CaO·Al2O3·CaCl2·10H2O, FS), xCaO·SiO2·nH2O (C-S-H), CaO·Al2O3·2SiO2·4H2O (C-A-S-H), and Na2O·Al2O3·zSiO2·2H2O (N-A-S-H). C-S-H was generated under the critical curing and working conditions in SW. C-A-S-H development contributed to C-S-H network compaction. N-A-S-H development helped in resistance to SO42− erosion, thereby cutting down ettringite (Ca6Al2(SO4)3(OH)12·26H2O) development. The active ion exchange between MAP and SW mainly involving SO42− and Cl− led to the significant formation of FS at the interface of C-A-S-H and xCaO·Al2O3·nH2O (C-A-H). Therefore, FS generation inhibited SO42− and Cl− corrosion in the MAP and rebounded the interface cracks of the hydration products. Consequently, FS contributed to the protection and development of C-S-H in the MAP, which ensured the suitability and applicability of the MAP in marine environments.