Unhealthy Parenting Research Articles

Grandparents with different health statuses as primary caregivers: Are they bad for children's health?

AbstractThe prevalence and intensity of grandparenting have continued to increase in the era of rapid aging. However, little is known about grandparents with different health statuses as primary caregivers and their implications for children's health. A nationally representative cohort of over 8990 Chinese children interviewed from 2010 to 2018 was used. Random effects logit models were constructed to assess the association of the primary caregiver type (grandparents vs. parents) and caregiver health with child health. Subsequently, additive interactions between the primary caregiver type and caregiver health were estimated to determine whether children cared for by grandparents with poor health were the most vulnerable children in terms of health. Deterioration of health status was found among children cared for mainly by grandparents, manifested as a higher likelihood of illness, depressive symptoms and unmet health care needs. However, children looked after by healthy grandparents tended to exhibit better health than their counterparts who were cared for by unhealthy parents. Grandparents as primary caregivers might not have a universally detrimental effect on child health. Thus, interventions to prompt child health could consider grandparents as caregivers, especially healthy grandparents.

Influence of parental anxiety and beliefs about medicines on feeding and exercise in children living with asthma.

This study's primary objective was to establish differences in beliefs about medicines, levels of asthma-related anxiety and diet and exercise behaviours between parents of children with well controlled and poorly controlled asthma. Secondary objectives were to explore how asthma control might shape relationships between parental cognitions and parenting practices concerning paediatric asthma. Parents of children with asthma aged 10-16years (N = 310) completed standardised questionnaires measuring beliefs about medicines, parental asthma-related anxiety, parenting attitudes towards child activity, parental feeding and asthma control. Parents of children with poorly controlled asthma reported significantly greater asthma medication necessity and concern, asthma-related anxiety, control of child activity, pressure to exercise and unhealthy feeding practices. Moderation analyses indicated that the relationship between parental concern about asthma medicine and parental control of child activity was strongest in children with poorly controlled asthma. Also, the relationship between parental asthma-related anxiety and use of food to regulate child emotion was only significant when asthma was poorly controlled. Parental beliefs about asthma medicines and asthma-related anxiety may indirectly influence asthma outcomes through unhealthy parenting practices around exercise and diet. Eliciting and understanding parents' perceptions of asthma medications and anxiety may facilitate personalised interventions to improve asthma control.

AN EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT OF SUICIDAL IDEATION AND SELF-INJURIOUS BEHAVIORS IN YOUTH

Depression is the most common yet ignored public health issues in Pakistan. The prevalence is uncommon among children but vastly evident during adolescence. Unhealthy parenting practices and childhood trauma directly contributes towards depressive disorders and suicidal ideation later in life if left unresolved. A similar case of 17 years old was referred with her presenting complaints of: sadness, irritability, crying spells, suicidal ideation, self-harm, negative thinking, loss of interest in pleasurable activities, sleeplessness, psychomotor agitation, fatigue, lack of concentration, feelings of rejection and worthlessness for a year. The formal assessment was done by using Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Based upon the assessment, the client was provisionally diagnosed with Major Depressive Disorder 296.23. A management plan includes ABC model, Cognitive distortions, Double column technique, Triple column technique and Relapse prevention. For the management of the suicidal thoughts/ ideation, strengthening of familial support, creating supportive environment, ensuring protective environment, reducing access to objects, substance or any means that could be lethal danger to life, promoting connectedness. A total number of sessions conducted with the client were 12 and the change was 35%.
 Keywords: Suicidal Ideation, Self-Injurious Behavior, Adolescence, Cognitive Behavior Therapy, Efficacy

Parenting styles, maladaptive coping styles, and disturbed eating attitudes and behaviors: a multiple mediation analysis in patients with feeding and eating disorders.

Although preliminary studies support the roles of unhealthy parenting styles and maladaptive coping styles in increasing rates of disturbed eating attitudes and behaviors (EAB) and clinically significant feeding and eating disorders (FED), underlying mechanisms have not been well-recognized. This study aims to investigate the factors associated with disturbed EAB and the mediating roles of overcompensation and avoidance coping styles in the relationship between different types of parenting styles and disturbed EAB among patients with FED. A total of 102 patients with FED in Zahedan, Iran, participating in this cross-sectional study (from April to March 2022) completed a sociodemographic information form and self-report measures of parenting styles, maladaptive coping styles, and EAB. Model 4 of Hayes' PROCESS macro in SPSS was employed to identify and explain the mechanism or process that underlies an observed relationship between study variables. The results showed that authoritarian parenting style, overcompensation and avoidance coping styles, and female gender might be related to disturbed EAB. The overall hypothesis that overcompensation and avoidance coping styles mediated the effect of fathers' and mothers' authoritarian parenting styles on disturbed EAB was also supported. Our findings highlighted the necessity of evaluating particular unhealthy parenting styles and maladaptive coping styles as the important possible risk factors in the development and maintenance of higher level of disturbance in EAB among patients with FED. However, more research is needed to explore individual, family, and peer risk factors for disturbed EAB among these patients.

OVERPARENTING IN EDUCATION REALITY: TEACHER EXPERIENCE

Most parents would agree that parenting is extremely complex and challenging. It is the process of promoting and supporting the physical, emotional, social and intellectual development of a child from infancy throughout a person’s life. Children are not born successful or unsuccessful. It is up to the parents and their behaviours to become what they become later. Normative or healthy parenting is a precondition for a child’s success, self-confidence, and autonomy. Meanwhile, non-normative, unhealthy parenting or overparenting may have a harmful impact on a child’s social skills and overall life. The research was aimed to gather teachers’ experiences about the existing parenting behaviours and to reveal the dominant parenting patterns that may be observed in nowadays child-raising practices. For this aim the research instrument was constructed designing of which was based on a specific focus on different areas of unhealthy, non-normative parenting. An international study was conducted that led to identification of the key aspects of the experience of teachers working with the overprotective parents and their children. 262 teachers from Portugal, Slovenia, Turkey, Romania and Lithuania participated in the survey. The study findings served to reveal the dominant behaviours of overparenting observed by the teachers The findings also allowed to define the difficulties that teachers face in dealing with overparenting parents and overparented children. The study was conducted in the framework of the international project “Overparenting – allow your children to make mistakes”, project No. 2020-1-PT01- KA204-078497.

The Development, Preliminary Validation, and Clinical Application of the Quick Parenting Assessment.

To prevent diseases, efforts are needed to determine how to address Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs), including parenting behaviors. The objective of this study, conducted in Nashville TN in 2017, was to initiate testing the psychometric properties of two new Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) screening tools, the Quick Parenting Assessment (QPA) and Other Childhood Stressors (OCS). In a clinic serving low-income families, caregivers of children ages 2-10 completed assessments of parenting (QPA), other stressors (OCS), child behavior problems ((Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ)), and Attitudes Toward Spanking (ATS). The QPA takes 1 min to complete and assesses for healthy and unhealthy parenting behaviors. Seventy-five percent of eligible participants completed the survey (N=558). A reduced 10-item QPA yielded a Cronbach's alpha of 0.79 and, in 4-10-year-olds, was associated with high SDQ conduct, hyperactivity, and total difficulties scores (r=0.44, 0.48, and 0.47; all p< 0.001). Children with QPAs of >4 were nine times more likely than those children with scores of ≤2 to have behavior problems (OR=8.93, 95% CI = 3.74-21.32). Elevated QPAs were associated with the ATS (r=0.47, p < .001). The OCS was also associated with high SDQ total difficulties scores (r=0.28, p< 0.001). Two pediatric ACEs screening tools, the QPA and the OCS, have promising psychometric properties. The findings suggest that parenting behaviors may play an outsized role in the pathogenesis of outcomes associated with ACEs. We discuss the clinical application of QPA at our institution and the theoretical potential for this instrument to reduce the rates of short- and long-term health problems.

Considerations For The Prevention Of Crimes Against The Sexual Integrity Of Minors

This article provides considerations on the prevention of sexual offenses against minors. The article also covers the activities of the subjects of prevention of crimes against the sexual integrity of minors and provides relevant suggestions and recommendations. In addition, this article analyzes the normative legal acts of the Republic of Uzbekistan. In addition, this article examines the importance of the family in the prevention of crimes against the sexual integrity and sexual freedom of minors, especially the high incidence of such crimes within the family, which means that important measures need to be developed in this area. This article discusses the registration of unhealthy families and the establishment of constant public control over them, the identification of morally unhealthy parents with various behavioral disorders, their upbringing through community influence, and the behavior of parents whose disorders may adversely affect their minor children. Opinions were expressed on the need for prevention and appropriate recommendations for its prevention.

Unhealthy parenting strategies: Situational (Dis-)Incentives, Machiavellian personality, and their interaction on misuse of ADHD medication for healthy children

Some parents engage in the potentially unhealthy and morally debateable parenting practice of giving prescription stimulant drugs to healthy children to boost their school and extracurricular performance. However, the parents' underlying reasoning remains unexamined. This web-based study (NRespondents = 1360) simultaneously investigates eight experimentally-varied situational (dis-)incentives (e.g., financial gains and drug properties) within a factorial vignette survey (NVignettes = 256), Machiavellianism as a measured socially relevant personality trait, and possible interaction effects. Results show that approximately 40% of the described situations (NEvaluations = 5440) provoked some willingness to medicate healthy children. Multilevel mixed-effect models revealed that this willingness was higher, for example, with increasing financial gains and weaker side effects. Machiavellians disclosed a higher willingness. They were more responsive to financial gains and threats (e.g., probable side effects). Respondents’ sex, age, ethnicity, and experience with prescription drugs also had effects. Prevention measures might emphasize the dangers and limited potential of prescription drugs for healthy children.

БИОЭТИЧЕСКИЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫ РАЗВИТИЯ ГЕНЕТИКИ

The review is devoted to the ethical problems of the development of genetics. It is noted that the XXI century has become revolutionary for biomedical sciences, completely new methods and technologies have been developed in bioengineering, synthetic biology, molecular genetics. To solve a bioethical problem, for example, gene editing, it is necessary to determine the problem of the essence of a person, because the embryo does not have a generally accepted status in the world. The new personalized medicine of the future makes the birth of healthy offspring even from unhealthy parents as one of its main tasks.

Different types of parental stress and childhood obesity: A systematic review of observational studies.

Different types of parental stress may influence children's health behaviors and weight. The aim of this review was to systematically examine the relationships between parental stress and child obesity. We reviewed 27 studies published through December 2018 and classified parental stress as parents' general stress, parenting role stress, and life event stress. There were positive relationships of parents' general stress and parenting role stress with child obesity among families with younger children and in longitudinal studies. The relationship between life event stress and child obesity differed by measures. We found that parenting role stress may be associated with unhealthy parenting practices. Contextual factors such as children's and parents' sex, race or ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and family structure appeared to play a moderating role in the relationship between parents' stress and child obesity, which warrant cautious interpretation. Our recommendations for future research include clarifying further the types of parental stress that influence child obesity, evaluating long-term relationship between parental stress and child obesity, and identifying possible mediating factors to support the relationship between parents' stress and child obesity. Researchers may also consider developing stress management programs for parents to address child obesity.

The Parenting-Related Adverse Childhood Experiences Survey: A New Tool to Screen for Unhealthy Parenting in Pediatric Primary Care

Background Although parenting is a recognized social determinant of health, it is not routinely assessed in pediatric primary care, likely because there are no brief, validated screening tools. We developed the Parenting-Related Adverse Childhood Experiences (PRACEs) survey as a pediatric screening tool to detect unhealthy parenting. We defined PRACEs as spanking, threatening, yelling at, or humiliating a child. Unhealthy parenting strategies are known to be associated with child behavioral problems. Objective To test if the newly-developed PRACEs survey is associated with child …

The Parenting-Related Adverse Childhood Experiences Survey: A New Tool to Screen for Unhealthy Parenting in Pediatric Primary Care

The Parenting-Related Adverse Childhood Experiences Survey: A New Tool to Screen for Unhealthy Parenting in Pediatric Primary Care

Childhood poverty, parenting, and caries: A mediation analysis

Objectives Previous studies reported that childhood poverty is one of major determinants of caries among children. It was assumed that parenting mediate the association; however, the content and magnitude of mediation effect of parenting on the association remain unknown. The purpose of this study is to investigate what kind of and how much parenting mediate the association between childhood poverty and caries. Methods Data were taken from the Adachi Child Health Impact of Living Difficulty (A-CHILD) study, which involved the population-based participation of 4291 caregivers of first-grade children (6- to 7-years-old) living in Adachi City, Tokyo. Childhood poverty was defined based on low-income (less than JPY 3 million, equivalent to EUR 22,000), material deprivation, or unable to pay for lifeline utilities. Caries was assessed by school dentist during school health checkup. Parenting, including providing healthy lifestyle, interaction with children, and maltreatment, were assessed via questionnaire distributed through school, reported by caregivers. Parenting categories were confirmed by factor analysis. Mediation analysis was performed for each parenting category on the association between childhood poverty and caries using causal mediation analysis by Stata. Results Childhood poverty showed significant positive association with caries. Among three parenting categories, not providing healthy lifestyle showed significant natural indirect effect (1.18, 95% confidence interval: 1.15–1.21), proportion of mediation was 38%. However, maltreatment and no interaction with children did not show indirect effect (both proportion of mediation were −2% and 1%, respectively). Conclusion Among parenting, not providing healthy lifestyle, but not maltreatment and no interaction with children, was partially mediated the association between childhood poverty and caries. Intervention on unhealthy parenting may help to prevent caries among children under poverty.

Performance Evaluation of Best-Worst Selection Criteria for Genetic Algorithm

Genetic algorithm’s performance is based on three major factors, which are selection criteria, crossover and mutation operators. Each factor has its own significant role but the selection criteria to choose parents from the population is the key role to running the genetic algorithm. There is a number of selection schemes that have been introduced in literature and all have their own advantages. Most of the selection criterion is chose the parents which give highly optimum values based on the theory that healthy parents produce healthy offspring. In the current study, we proposed a new selection scheme which selects healthy parents as well as unhealthy parents. The novel selection scheme is simple to implement, and it has notable ability to reduce the effected of premature convergence compared to other selection schemes. We apply this new technique along with some traditional selection schemes on six benchmark problems and Simulation studies show a remarkable performance of the proposed selection scheme.

The association between parent’s health and the educational attainment of their children

In this paper we compare the educational attainment of adults who had relatively unhealthy parents when they were adolescents to those whose parents were relatively healthy during this time of their lives. We use data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (n = 13,556) to show that U.S. adolescents whose parents described their health as “fair” or “poor” at Wave 1 of the study were more likely to drop out of high school compared to those whose parents reported better levels of health. We do not observe any association between parental health and the likelihood of attending college among those who graduated from high school, however we do show that completing college (among college attendees) is more likely among those whose parents reported better health when they were adolescents. This association persists despite a wide range of statistical controls including socioeconomic status of the household, the physical and mental health status of the respondent, the grade point average of the respondent, the health behaviors of parents, as well as parental time investment. These findings add an important intergenerational component to research on the relationship between socioeconomic status and health.

중년남성들의 노부모와의 친밀성과 수발효능감이 노부모 수발헌신에 미치는 영향: 부모건강집단과 부모병약집단 간의 다집단분석을 중심으로

The predominant concern of the study consists in:(1)the positive direct effects of both individual`s intimacy toward parents and individual`s self-efficacy of care-giving roles on individual`s care-giving commitment; (2)the positive mediating effect of individual`s self-efficacy of care-giving on individual`s care-giving commitment; (3)the moderating effect of the degree of unhealthy condition of individual`s elderly parents on each causal relationship. For conducting this study, a survey method was used on 318 males with parents at the aged of 45-60, residing in Daegu and KyungPook. In order for subjects to verify research questions, structural equation models were explored. The findings of the study supported the direct, indirect effect and moderating effects, which suggested in research questions. Participants with unhealthy parents showed greater tendency in terms of influencing their intimacy toward parents on care giving commitment than participants with healthy parents did. The above findings claimed our attention in that provided a range of practical implication.

Parenting style and conduct problems in children: Case report of deliberate self poisoning in a Nigerian child

The correlation between psychosocially unhealthy parenting styles and child psychopathology has been established. This case report describes how chronic harsh and overbearing paternal parenting style tipped a young boy into deliberate self poisoning with the aid of organo-phosphorous chemicals (rat poison). This report is purposed to increase the interest of physicians and psychiatrists in parenting style research and in how potentially its modification could be a therapeutic and preventive tool.

Preliminary Evaluation of an Intervention Program for Maltreating Fathers

Caring Dads: Helping Fathers Value Their Children is a unique intervention program designed specifically for men who have maltreated their children and/or who have exposed their children to abuse of their mother. Over a 17-week period, this group targets change in the use of abusive parenting strategies, in attitudes and beliefs that support unhealthy parenting, and in men's appreciation of the impact of violence on children. Herein, we apply a comprehensive evaluation framework to the Caring Dads program. We present evidence that Caring Dads meets a need, has a sound theoretical basis, and can be implemented in a way that meets the needs of stakeholders. Data showing initial support for positive outcomes among fathers participating in Caring Dads are also presented. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) (journal abstract)

Codependence and conduct disorder: Feminine versus masculine coping responses to abusive parenting practices

This study supported the hypothesis that codependence reflects a stereotypically feminine coping strategy to environmental stressors, while conduct disorder represents an alternate coping response reflecting stereotypically masculine behaviors. High school students (N= 218; 81% Anglo-American, 8% Asian-American, 5% Hispanic-American) completed measures of femininity/masculinity, codependence, conduct disorder, and unhealthy parenting practices. Multiple regression analyses revealed that codependence is related to parental abuse and femininity (R= .50). A marginal relationship between codependence and parental alcoholism was mediated by parental abuse, calling into question the validity of the codependence construct. Conduct disorder was related to parental abuse, masculinity, parental alcoholism, and gender (R= .62). The tendency to label stereotypically feminine coping strategies as pathological, while ignoring a more prevalent and destructive masculine coping strategy is discussed.