Unhealthy Dependence Research Articles

Effects of Social Media Platform on Generation Z in Personality Development

Today's Social media platforms have become an integral part of Generation Z's lives, profoundly shaping their personality development. Teenagers born between 1996 and 2010 are very closely related to technology. Every year the number of people using at least one social platform increases. This study explores the multifaceted influence of social media, highlighting both its potential to empower self-expression, community building, and social awareness, and its capacity to fuel comparison, anxiety, and an unhealthy dependence on external validation. Critical characteristics of friendships, including validation, self-disclosure, and companionship, and instrumental support, can occur in equally effective and satisfying ways offline and online. By understanding these contrasting effects, we can encourage Gen Z to leverage the positive aspects of social media for self-discovery and connection while mitigating the potential for negative impacts on their developing personalities. The effects of social media platforms on Generation Z in personality development which is confirmed by p-values for six opinions by the Chi-Square test, are 0.0233, 0.024, 0.026, 0.01656, 0.007, and 1.05E04. For statistical Analysis, I used ORIGIN 2019 software. Research gaps in social media's influence on Gen Z's personality suggest the need for longitudinal studies to track long-term effects, exploration of platform-specific impacts, identification of mitigating strategies, understanding neurological implications, and consideration of global vs. regional differences. Addressing these gaps can inform interventions for healthy online behavior. Keywords: Generation Z, social media, personality development,

Уніформа як символічна сцена формування організаційної та гендерної ідентичностей військовослужбовиць Збройних сил України

This paper aims to describe how female military personnel of the Armed Forces of Ukraine perceive the military uniform in terms of its significance for their gender and organizational identities. The research was part of a pilot project in the form of an interview study. Thematic content analysis was used to analyze the results. The data was structured into codes, then categorized and grouped to form general themes. The analysis of the servicewomen’s reflections on the military uniform has shown how important it is for them, especially in developing their identity. Servicewomen’s attitudes toward military uniforms and their psychological well-being levels may be correlated with their organizational and gender identities. Organizational identity becomes a catalyst for positive attitudes toward uniforms when: 1) servicewomen see the uniform as a framework of organizational identity, a guiding principle and a directive that programs the wearer for ethical behaviour and teamwork; 2) the main factors that influence organizational identity are the conceptual constructs of `idealism` and `military professionalism`. The collectivism, patriotism, and philanthropic values on which idealism is based on the perception of the self as a defender of one’s people and country. Military professionalism correlates with the effect of expecting to go to war and satisfaction with fighting; 3) among the identification criteria, which manifest the patterns, regularities and features of the military organizational identity, the parameter `gender equality` is included. When organizational identity dominates, the main risk factors that lead to negative attitudes toward uniform are 1) excessive identification with the organization, in which servicewomen may internalize the goals and objectives of the armed forces to the point that their personal identification may suffer; 2) the formation of an organizational identity that does not include the identifying marker of `gender equality`. This threatens psychological well-being through an unhealthy dependence on the approval of others. In cases where gender identity is central to the personality, attitudes toward the military uniform depend on succeeding in forming a balanced military identity. Based on Culver’s Gender Identity Development of Women in the Military (GIDWM) 4-phase matrix, it can be argued that servicewomen’s position in identity development stages, such as `donning the mask` and `wearing the mask`, likely predicts their negative attitudes toward military uniforms. Wearing a uniform begins to evoke positive emotions only in the fourth stage of `taking off the mask` when servicewomen overcome the masculine ethics of military culture and stereotypical identity expectations. The main reason for the “uniform conflict” can be found in forming gender and organizational identities of servicewomen. Efforts to solve the “uniform problem” in the armed forces should be aimed at introducing standards for servicewomen’s military uniforms and providing psychological assistance to servicewomen in forming a balanced military identity, which is seen as a harmonious combination of organizational and gender identities. In developing mechanisms to ensure gender equality, it is crucial to remember that the identities of military women are not homogeneous. Therefore, no single strategy exists for integrating a gender perspective into the armed forces. The formation and evolution of gender culture in the military can be slowed by ignoring the nuances and intersections of military women’s organizational and gender identities.

What drives addiction on social media sites? The relationships between psychological well-being states, social media addiction, brand addiction and impulse buying on social media

Participation in social media sites may be attractive to millions of users as it offers many social and emotional rewards. However, relying on social media sites for relief from everyday stress, anxiety and loneliness involves risks of an unhealthy dependence. Understanding addiction behaviors on social media-addiction to social media as well as addiction to brands and impulse buying on social media, is important in order to identify ways to protect consumers’ well-being. This research is among the first to examine the relationships between social media addiction, brand addiction, impulse buying and psychological well-being states in the context of social media. We conduct an online survey with social media users (18–44 years of age), and we analyze the tested relationships using structural equation modelling. Results reveal that social media addiction and brand addiction/impulse buying on social media are distinct addiction types. Social media addiction is predicted by anxiety/loneliness and emotional suppression (negative well-being states). Brand addiction/impulse buying, meanwhile, is positively predicted by social media addiction as well as a positive psychological route (mindfulness, happiness, self-esteem). Implications for theory and practice are discussed.

Maintenance in relationships, satisfaction, jealousy, and violence in young couples: a network analysis

BackgroundThe study explores the associations among Relationship Maintenance, Satisfaction, Jealousy, and Violence in young Peruvian couples, particularly in a post-pandemic context, using a network analysis.MethodsEight hundred thirty-two participants aged 18–30 (M = 20.94, SD = 2.29), with 645 females (77.50%) and 187 males (22.50%), were involved. The study aimed to discern relationships among network nodes, emphasizing the link between Relationship Maintenance dimensions and Jealousy and Violence. The research also sought the central node in the network and examined gender-specific node connections, using the SMOTE algorithm for gender data balance.ResultsFindings revealed a direct connection between Complementarity and Jealousy, implying intense shared interests can lead to unhealthy dependence. An inverse relationship was seen between Companionship and Violence. Satisfaction was pivotal, showcasing its importance in romantic relationship success. Additionally, the study shows men prioritize Companionship and Sharing, possibly due to cultural norms, while women focus on the Companionship-Complementarity bond, indicating mutual support.ConclusionsThe research emphasizes the critical role of maintenance variables in determining Satisfaction, Jealousy, and Violence in relationships. The pandemic's influence on romantic dynamics is evident, emphasizing the importance of Satisfaction. Future studies should focus on gender equity and further explore these relationships.

Influencing factors of social media addiction: a systematic review

PurposeAs an unhealthy dependence on social media platforms, social media addiction (SMA) has become increasingly commonplace in the digital era. The purpose of this paper is to provide a general overview of SMA research and develop a theoretical model that explains how different types of factors contribute to SMA.Design/methodology/approachConsidering the nascent nature of this research area, this study conducted a systematic review to synthesize the burgeoning literature examining influencing factors of SMA. Based on a comprehensive literature search and screening process, 84 articles were included in the final sample.FindingsAnalyses showed that antecedents of SMA can be classified into three conceptual levels: individual, environmental and platform. The authors further proposed a theoretical framework to explain the underlying mechanisms behind the relationships amongst different types of variables.Originality/valueThe contributions of this review are two-fold. First, it used a systematic and rigorous approach to summarize the empirical landscape of SMA research, providing theoretical insights and future research directions in this area. Second, the findings could help social media service providers and health professionals propose relevant intervention strategies to mitigate SMA.

The Parliament and Cooperative Oversight of the Indonesian Armed Forces: Why Civil–Military Relations in Indonesia is Stable but Still in Transition

Parliamentary oversight is a cornerstone of democratic control of the armed forces, but its influence on civil–military relations (CMR) remains underexplored. We argue that parliaments in transitioning democracies face unique structural challenges in developing robust oversight of the military compared to advanced democracies. We developed a typology of three distinctive types of parliamentary oversight and proposed that cooperative oversight potentially offers a solution to structural challenges faced by parliaments in transitioning democracies. In our case study of Indonesia, cooperative oversight promoted harmonious working relations between the Parliament and the military/executive, stabilizing CMR. However, cooperative oversight also stalled civil–military reforms, eroded democratic management of the defense sector, and reinforced an unhealthy dependence on the military to self-regulate and the President’s appointment power of the armed forces’ commander. Over the longer term, we believe that the Indonesian Parliament needs to incorporate a mix of oversight strategies and raise its institutional capacity to strengthen oversight of the defence sector.

Tox and Detox

Tox and Detox

Characterization and the hermeneutics of recognition in Virginia Woolf’s The Voyage Out

ABSTRACT This article traces Virginia Woolf’s interest in the representation of women back to her first published novel, The Voyage Out (1915). It argues that her dissatisfaction with traditional modes of women’s characterization stems from their reliance on recognizable patriarchal models of personhood, an unhealthy dependence which restricts the development of new forms of gendered political and personal identification. This reading uses the concept of recognition, as understood in the post-Hegelian feminist tradition, as a key structuring and interpretative tool to demonstrate Woolf’s early critical insight into the fraught relationship between idealized narratives of individual autonomy and gender. In doing so, it makes a case for the broader inclusion of recognition as a critical term of inquiry in modernist studies, both as an aesthetic and political site of contention.

Back to Nature: Sebuah Tinjauan Filosofis tentang Konsep Pendidikan Rousseau

Rousseau's fundamental views or assumptions which discuss anthropology and epistemology lead to how children learn. These assumptions on human nature are related to the rapid development of human civilization, especially in this modern era. The purpose of human life which was originally good is reduced only by various developments of civilization so that humans increasingly leave their integrity as humans who are free, autonomous, and of good nature. This fact made Rousseau aware that the culture which had been admired and proud of by many people in Europe was in fact not the pinnacle of human life but a reflection of the decay of civilization. Culture, art, and science, along with technology, seem to have destroyed humanity and have created unhealthy dependence and injustice. One of the philosophers who criticized the situation of human civilization and proposed a revolutionary educational system in the early modern era was Jean Jacques Rousseau. Emile is one of Rousseau's most revolutionary works on education. In his book, Emile, Rousseau puts his thoughts on education back to nature in the book. Rousseau's view of education is broken down by age group and emphasizes a return to nature. Emile, as the main character, grows up in accordance with natural conditions and learns by the Rousseau method which emphasizes learning according to development and natural inquiry processes. It aims to achieve fundamental changes in education to free the individual from the shackles of civilization. Civilization is not only detrimental to society; it also harms the individual. Education should encourage children's self-expression and development.

Relational Dependence in a Culture of Self-Creation: A Theological Query into the Health of the Medical World.

Half of the medical professionals in the United States are experiencing symptoms of burnout. From the perspective of theological anthropology, this dehumanizing aspect of the field is not reducible to ethical failures, for it is rooted in the radically new worldview known as self-creation. As an implicit denial of Christian understanding of creation, self-creation entails a rejection of relationality and dependence-both proper to the Revelation of Jesus Christ. This article proposes that this lost Christian patrimony is intimately connected to the increasingly unhealthy dependence we place upon modern medicine. Relying on theologian Joseph Ratzinger, we will come to see that a recovery of relational dependence is not only necessary for the salvation of man-but the very health of the medical world at large.

UNSTABLE AND MULTIPLE * The Book of Common Prayer: The Texts of 1549, 1559, and 1662. Edited by BRIAN CUMMINGS

The English Puritan Henry Barrow hated the Book of Common Prayer. Writing from exile in the Netherlands in 1590, he mockingly described what he saw as his countrymen's unhealthy dependence upon this work. ‘By this Book are the Priests to administer their sacraments, by this Book to church their women, by this Book to bury the dead, by this Book to keep their Rogation’, he wrote: ‘This Book is good at all affairs; it is the only Book of the world’. Since 1549 – with several brief interruptions – the Book of Common Prayer has been the devotional handbook for the English Church. It sets out morning and evening prayer and the schedule of proper scriptural readings; it also defines the form of the sacraments and church rites, including baptism, confirmation, matrimony, burial, and Holy Communion. Barrow feared that a single book granted this much power might tempt us to idolatry. However, as Brian Cumming's excellent new edition makes clear, this was never a single book. It was instead unstable and multiple.

Healthy and unhealthy dependence: Implications for major depression

To examine the contribution of varying levels of dependency to Axis I and Axis II disorders, and to the recurrence of major depression in a graduate student sample diagnosed with a history of the disorder. At Time 1, participants were interviewed to confirm a current or past episode of major depression along with the presence of Axis II and other current or past Axis I disorders. Various measures of dependency were administered including the Depressive Experiences Questionnaire (DEQ; Blatt, D'Afflitti, & Quinlan, 1976), the 3-Vector Dependency Inventory (3VDI; Pincus & Gurtman, 1995), and the Personal Style Inventory (PSI; Robins et al., 1994). Participants were interviewed 20 months later to determine the recurrence of a depressive episode. A factor analysis conducted on scale scores for each dependency measure resulted in three factors labelled 'unhealthy', 'intermediate', and 'healthy' dependence. Controlling for history of major depression, structural equation modelling found 'unhealthy' dependence to be the only predictor of recurrences of major depression and Axis II disorders, while 'healthy' dependence was related to fewer depressive symptoms. These results have important implications for the conceptualization of the dependency construct.

The implications of the Chinese learner for the internationalization of the curriculum: An Australian perspective

Abstract This paper examines the impact of Chinese learners on the internationalization of the curriculum in the context of Australian higher education. It argues that the presence of Chinese learners fuels the impetus to internationalize the existing curriculum but that this process could lower academic standards if the Corporate University's economic priorities are allowed to unproblematically override educational ethics. The tension between the economics and ethics of education may be aggravated by Australia's politico-social structures, namely its immigration policies, which attract achievement-oriented students and encourage them to treat education as a means of residing permanently in the country rather than starting a journey of life-long learning. The demand for immigration-led places has in turn resulted in an unhealthy dependence on full fee income amid dwindling public funding for public tertiary education. Together, these factors may contribute towards the production of Chinese learners who fall well short of the much-desired graduate attributes.

Prosperity, Progress, and Wealth: Cuban Enterprise during the Early Republic, 1902-1927

Many historians see the first decades of the twentieth century in Cuba as a time of frustration and failure. An unhealthy dependence on U.S. trade and investment distorted Cuba's economy, they argue, while the incessant barrage of U.S. goods and culture undermined its national identity. The business and political classes in pre-Revolutionary Republic of Cuba are portrayed as accepting the imposition of U.S. interests and the dictates of U.S. culture out of weakness, venality, or both. This article argues that native investment and entrepreneurship were crucial to Cuba's rapid economic growth during the first decades after the war for independence. As heirs to the liberal, Creole economic elite that had modernized the sugar industry in the nineteenth century, Cuban entrepreneurs during the Republic were more than capable of collaborating with and competing against foreign capitalists to create one of the world's most dynamic export economies. Según la perspectiva de muchos historiadores, las primeras décadas del siglo xx en Cuba fueron una época de frustración y fracaso. Una dependencia poco saludable del comercio e inversión de los Estados Unidos distorsionó el desarrollo de la economía cubana, argumentan, mientras que la afluencia de productos y de la cultura norteamericanos socavaron la identidad nacional. Según esta interpretación, la élite política y económica aceptaba la imposición de intereses económicos estadounidenses y de su cultura por razones de debilidad, venalidad o ambas cosas. Este artículo sostiene que el capital y la experiencia de los empresarios cubanos fueron cruciales para el rápido crecimiento económico de Cuba durante las primeras décadas después de la Guerra de la Independencia. Como herederos de la élite liberal criolla que había modernizado la industria azucarera en el siglo xix, los empresarios cubanos, durante la Republica, fueron más que capaces de colaborar y competir con los capitalistas extranjeros para crear una de las economías exportadoras más dinámicas del mundo.

Book of the Month: Medicines out of Control

It is easy to imagine—towards the end of the present century—some intellectual descendent of Roy Porter writing a history of medicine in the twentieth century in which the great epidemic of mental distress and chronic unhappiness that characterizes our age will loom very large indeed. But it will also be a puzzle. How did depression and anxiety come to be such a burden on their sufferers, and to make such demands on health services worldwide? In Medicines Out of Control: Antidepressants and the Conspiracy of Goodwill,1 Charles Medawar and Anita Hardon provide an unashamedly partisan account of this history, focusing in particular on a ‘drug crisis in the making’ and an ‘unhealthy dependence on corporate and professional power’. These can be found in the struggles over the nature of depression, the potential for its treatment, and the complex relationship between the great pharmaceutical companies, the medical profession and the various regulatory agencies. Medawar and Hardon's version of these events will make some people in these institutions very angry indeed.

Medicines out of Control

It is easy to imagine—towards the end of the present century—some intellectual descendent of Roy Porter writing a history of medicine in the twentieth century in which the great epidemic of mental distress and chronic unhappiness that characterizes our age will loom very large indeed. But it will also be a puzzle. How did depression and anxiety come to be such a burden on their sufferers, and to make such demands on health services worldwide? In Medicines Out of Control: Antidepressants and the Conspiracy of Goodwill,1 Charles Medawar and Anita Hardon provide an unashamedly partisan account of this history, focusing in particular on a ‘drug crisis in the making’ and an ‘unhealthy dependence on corporate and professional power’. These can be found in the struggles over the nature of depression, the potential for its treatment, and the complex relationship between the great pharmaceutical companies, the medical profession and the various regulatory agencies. Medawar and Hardon's version of these events will make some people in these institutions very angry indeed.

Challenging Depictions of Dependency

In the debate preceding welfare reform, a consensus emerged that welfare receipt promotes an unacceptable and unhealthy dependence while work in the formal economy leads to a preferable state of independence. Feminist welfare theorists have challenged this equation. This article presents three major findings from focus groups with welfare recipients that demonstrate that recipients are also engaged in challenging popular concepts of welfare dependency. Participants' perceptions were: (1) that welfare receipt does not imply total dependence, (2) that work does not guarantee independence, and (3) that there is an interdependence among recipients and the welfare state.

Changing Public Attitudes Toward Funding of the Arts

Throughout this nation's relatively brief history, a tradition of pluralistic funding of the arts has evolved. The partners in this pluralistic system are individuals, the federal government, state, county and local governments, foundations, businesses, and corporations. With all of these partners participating, the system prevents an unhealthy dependence on any one source and keeps any one source from dominating. An increasing number of Americans view the arts in a positive manner. Nationwide studies and the 1980 census indicate that more Americans are participating, actively and passively, in the arts than ever before in the nation's history. However, the typical American does not seem to understand the pluralistic funding process, especially the role government should play in the funding partnership. The public needs to understand the benefits of government funding of the arts for our society. The funds that taxpayers invest in the arts provide essential tools for economic development and social stability. Public funds spent on the arts multiply in the economy at large, attract tourists, and generate the need for related goods and services. Thus the public needs to be educated to comprehend that government participation is a vital ingredient in our American system of pluralistic support for our cultural endeavors.

Demographic trends, health, and medical care in Latin America

The relationship of changing demographic characteristics to health status and medical care in Latin America is examined in this article. The rapid demographic growth, high birth and death rates, although with a downward trend, the excessive expansion of the large cities, and the dispersion of the rural population are correlated with the unsatisfactory levels of health and living of the masses of the population, lack of medical care whose quality varies according to social class, and the limitations of the health systems. In the light of this analysis the authors discuss some of the tasks and prospects of the health sector. They contend that the situation described is basically due to inefficient social, economic, and political structures and an unhealthy dependence on external forces. Only radical structural changes will enable millions of Latin Americans to really have access to medical care, health, and life itself, an access which is their inalienable right and which today is denied them.