Unfavorable Region Research Articles

Effect of unfavorable regions on the spreading solution in a diffusion equation

We consider a diffusion equation on the real line with growth rates (reaction terms) being negative in a bounded unfavorable region and bistable on two sides. The equation can be used to model a species living in a habitat with a polluted or hunting zone but still tries to survive or even spread to the whole space. Using the zero number argument, we first show the general convergence to stationary solution for any nonnegative global solutions, and then we prove a spreading–transition–vanishing trichotomy result for the asymptotic behavior of global solutions. The key point is to find a quite special stationary solution to distinguish the spreading and transition solutions. Finally, we construct precise upper and lower solutions to estimate the asymptotic speed for the spreading solution.

The movement strategy of three-way decisions based on clustering

The movement strategy is a crucial issue of three-way decisions, which transfers objects in the unfavorable region to the favorable region. For object-based movement strategy, each object in the unfavorable region has one particular movement rule, so many objects can be successfully moved but the movement process is complex. Contrarily, for region-based movement strategy, all objects in the unfavorable region use the same movement rule, so the movement process is simple but few objects can be successfully moved. Therefore, to design a movement strategy with lower complexity and higher success movement rate, we propose a movement strategy based on clustering. First, we divide objects in the unfavorable region into several smaller clusters. Second, for each cluster, to define a reference object as its representative, we design four criteria: the highest frequency of global attribute value, the highest frequency of local attribute value, the object with maximum distance, the object with minimum distance. Third, a movement rule is developed for each cluster and the movement rules of all clusters form cluster-based movement strategy. Finally, to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed movement strategy, we define a utility function. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods.

Nonlinear evolution characteristics of peeling-ballooning mode under negative triangularity

<sec>Experiments on TCV tokamak have achieved high confinement mode (H-mode) operation with negative triangularity, and this mode shows quite different characteristics from those with the positive triangularity in experiment and simulation. Linear simulations for kinetic ballooning mode and peeling-ballooning(PB) mode without diamagnetic effect show that negative triangularity can enhance the instability of the ballooning mode and close access to the second stable region. However, the understanding of ELM for negative triangularity is not sufficient. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out further research on ELM with negative triangularity.</sec><sec>In this work, based on a series of equilibria with different triangularities in Tokamak, the nonlinear characteristics of negative triangularity of PB mode is investigated. It is found that the negative triangularity can destabilize the PB mode by a larger unfavorable curvature region, which will reduce the instability threshold, and thus limiting the increase of pedestal height. In the nonlinear phase, the pressure perturbation intensity with negative triangularity will extend to the top area and the bottom area in the low field side and bring about an earlier ELM collapse. Meanwhile, modes with different toroidal mode numbers are more likely to be triggered off and then grow and replaces the initial unstable mode, showing more obvious turbulent transport characteristics, which can play a role in the ELM energy loss.</sec>

The Effect of Time Resolution on Apparent Transition Path Times Observed in Single-Molecule Studies of Biomolecules.

Single-molecule experiments have now achieved a time resolution allowing observation of transition paths, the brief trajectory segments where the molecule undergoing an unfolding or folding transition enters the energetically or entropically unfavorable barrier region from the folded/unfolded side and exits to the unfolded/folded side, thereby completing the transition. This resolution, however, is yet insufficient to identify the precise entrance/exit events that mark the beginning and the end of a transition path: the nature of the diffusive dynamics is such that a molecular trajectory will recross the boundary between the barrier region and the folded/unfolded state, multiple times, at a time scale much shorter than that of the typical experimental resolution. Here we use theory and Brownian dynamics simulations to show that, as a result of such recrossings, the apparent transition path times are generally longer than the true ones. We quantify this effect using a simple model where the observed dynamics is a moving average of the true dynamics and discuss experimental implications of our results.

Epidemiology and clinic of microbial-inflammatory nephropathy in children living in an ecologically unfavorable region

The aim is to establish the epidemiology and features of the clinic of microbial inflammatory nephropathy in children living in an ecologically unfavorable area.Research methods. The prevalence of microbial-inflammatory nephropathies and their incidence in the urban children's population, as well as in areas with favorable and unfavorable environmental situation were analyzed. A clinical and laboratory examination of patients was carried out with an assessment of the features of the manifestations of the disease in children living in an area with environmental pollution.The results of the study. Over the past two decades, there has been a decrease in the incidence of microbial inflammatory nephropathies and their general prevalence in the urban children's population. However, in an urban area with an unfavorable environmental situation, a significant increase in these epidemiological indicators has been recorded over a ten-year period. The peculiarities of microbial-inflammatory nephropathies in children living in an area with significant air and soil pollution are their occurrence against the background of congenital anomalies or malformations of the kidneys and urinary tract, frequent relapses, the presence of complications. They are characterized by a frequent combination of kidney and bladder lesions, higher activity of the inflammatory process with impaired renal function, slow reverse dynamics of symptoms during treatment.Conclusion. Microbial-inflammatory nephropathies in children living in ecologically unfavorable areas of the city have features of epidemiology and clinical manifestations, which must be taken into account when carrying out medical support for this category of patients.

An Integrative Process-Based Model for Biomass and Yield Estimation of Hardneck Garlic (Allium sativum).

We introduce an integrative process-based crop model for garlic (Allium sativum). Building on our previous model that simulated key phenological, morphological, and physiological features of a garlic plant, the new garlic model provides comprehensive and integrative estimations of biomass accumulation and yield formation under diverse environmental conditions. This model also showcases an application of Cropbox to develop a comprehensive crop model. Cropbox is a crop modeling framework featuring declarative modeling language and a unified simulation interface for building and improving crop models. Using Cropbox, we first evaluated the model performance against three datasets with an emphasis on biomass and yield measured under different environmental conditions and growing seasons. We then applied the model to simulate optimal planting dates under future climate conditions for assessing climate adaptation strategies between two contrasting locations in South Korea: the current growing region (Gosan, Jeju) and an unfavorable cold winter region (Chuncheon, Gangwon). The model simulated the growth and development of a southern-type cultivar (Namdo, ND) reasonably well. Under Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) scenarios, an overall delay in optimal planting date from a week to a month, and a slight increase in potential yield were expected in Gosan. Expansion of growing region to northern area including Chuncheon was expected due to mild winter temperatures in the future and may allow ND cultivar production in more regions. The predicted optimal planting date in the new region was similar to the current growing region that favors early fall planting. Our new integrative garlic model provides mechanistic, process-based crop responses to environmental cues and can be useful for assessing climate impacts and identifying crop specific climate adaptation strategies for the future.

CLINICAL CASE: RARE COURSE OF JUVENILE SCLERODERMA IN RESIDENTS OF DONETSK REGION

The article presents a clinical case of a rare onset and a special clinical course of juvenile scleroderma. A clinical case of a child who was born and lives in the ecologically unfavorable industrial Donetsk region is described. The literature review of influence of unfavorable environment on morbidity and features of autoimmune pathology course in patients of Donetsk region is offered. In particular, the literature indicates that negative environmental factors lead to an increase in the progression of systemic scleroderma; over the past 20 years, there has been a tendency to increased mortality of children suffering from it, which is associated with deteriorating environmental conditions in industrial regions. The growing incidence and prevalence of scleroderma, the variety of clinical manifestations, and difficulties in early diagnosis of the disease make it important to study the options for the course of this pathology in children and adolescents in the early stages of the disease. A feature of this clinical case was the onset of juvenile scleroderma with severe convulsive syndrome at the age of 8 years, which required Finlepsin at a dose of 200 mg daily. Further course was also uncharacteristic: within 2 years, there was a linear indentation in the forehead on the right side; the patient was diagnosed with linear "saber-shaped" limited scleroderma, Parry–Romberg facial hemiatrophy syndrome, and further developed manifestations of systemic involvement, lesions of internal organs: pneumofibrosis and scleroderma esophagitis. The management and observation of the patient are presented here. It was emphasized that early aggressive intervention led to the prevention of severe organ pathology and death. The described clinical case expands the knowledge of physicians on the clinical polymorphism of the onset and course of the disease, which allows faster and more accurate identification of the disease, timely and adequate therapy, and will lead to earlier stabilization and remission of the disease.

Episootic situation of cattle leukemia in the Pavlodar region of the Republic of Kazakhstan

The results of evaluating the effectiveness of health-improving measures against cattle leukemia in the Pavlodar region are presented. In the Pavlodar region in 2018, 7065 heads of cattle were examined for leukemia, 434 reacted positively, the percentage of infection was 4.8. In 2019, 5354 heads were tested for leukemia, 187 responded positively, the percentage of infection was 3.9. In 2020 (6 months), 3394 heads were examined, 139 heads reacted positively, the percentage of infection was 5.4. Despite the health improvement measures carried out in the region, leukemia of cattle is still registered in five out of 13 districts. At the same time, in some regions, the number of animals studied (Lebyazhinsky, Zhelezinsky, Irtyshsky, Uspensky) noticeably decreases, and in some cases, the number of positively reacting animals increases two or more times. So, for example, in Zhelezinsky district, with a decrease in the number of animals studied (from 1672 to 456), the percentage of infection increases from 0.42 to 9.65. Thus, the results of the study showed that the Pavlodar region was and remains an unfavorable region for bovine leukemia. Recreation measures do not give the proper efficiency and the region remains among those who are not safe for leukemia in cattle along with Kostanay (6.6%), North Kazakhstan (4.7%), East Kazakhstan (3.7%), and studies in 2020 showed an increase in the incidence of up to 5.4%.

Study the features of the course of uncontrolled arterial hypertension in Aral Sea region

Abstract Aral Sea disappearance is a well-known ecological disaster. An arid, sharply continental climate, high mineralization, pollution and a shortage of drinking water in Aral Sea region harm human health. The aim of this work was to study the features of the course of uncontrolled arterial hypertension (AH) in this ecologically unfavorable region. Material and research methods. Surveyed 132 patients hospitalized in the Aral branch of the republican emergency center with hypertensive crisis, uncomplicated form. The average age of patients was 57.2±11.6 years, and 80 (60.6%) were women and 52 were men (39.4%). The duration of hypertension was 8.85±3.4 years. Before study, 41 (31%) patients did not take antihypertensive drugs, 79 (59%) patients were on monotherapy (62% RAAS-blockers, 19% beta-blockers, 19% calcium antagonists) and 10 (7.5%) patients took double combined AGT. Only two patients were on triple combined AGT: RAAS blocker+AK+BAB. Patients characterized by a high cardiovascular risk, on 40 patients diagnosed CHD, 11 patients were suffered myocardial infarction, the consequences of stroke in 8 patients. All patients underwent office measurement of blood pressure, ultrasound of the brachiocephalic arteries, echocardiography, biochemical blood tests, and albumin urinary excretion. The Henken test was performed to determine the salt taste sensitivity. The low threshold of salt taste sensitivity corresponded to the concentration of NaCl less than 0.16%, an average is 0.16%, and high is more than 0.32%. Results Before treatment, SPB was 200.8±22.6 mm Hg, DPB 105.4±7.62 mm Hg, heart rate 79.86±11.54 beats/min. The body mass index (BMI) was 30.2±4.78 kg/m2. All patients have left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), the indexed mass of the LV myocardium was 171.62±30.9 g/m2. Intima-media thickness of the common carotid artery was 1.24±0.16 mm. Albumin urinary excretion (AUE) averaged 221.0±130.2 mg/day, while norm albuminuria were detected in four patients (3%), microalbuminuria (MAU) in 89 patients (67.4%), and proteinuria in 39 patients (29.6%). Hanken's test showed the presence of a high threshold for taste sensitivity in almost all patients, amounting to 0.51±0.17% NaCl concentration. Conclusion Patients with uncontrolled hypertension and uncomplicated hypertensive crisis living in the Aral Sea region are characterized by low adherence to treatment, the presence of target organ damage, a high threshold for taste sensitivity to table salt, and the severity of daily urinary albumin excretion, in 67.4% of cases with MAU and 29.6% cases of proteinuria. These findings characterize the presence of nephrosclerosis in patients with uncontrolled hypertension. Our results once again point the necessity to early detection of hypertensive patients and the appointment of combined antihypertensive therapy on the part of primary care. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: Public hospital(s). Main funding source(s): other

Hot Deformation Behavior of Novel Al-Cu-Y(Er)-Mg-Mn-Zr Alloys

The compression tests in a temperature range of 400–540 °C and strain rates of 0.1–15 s−1 were applied to novel Al-Cu-Y(Er)-Mg-Mn-Zr alloys to investigate their hot deformation behavior. The higher volume fraction of the intermetallic particles with a size of 0.5–4 µm in the alloys caused an increase in flow stress. Hyperbolic sine law constitutive models were constructed for the hot deformation behavior of Al-Cu-Y(Er)-Mg-Mn-Zr alloys. Effective activation energy has a higher value in the alloys with Er than in the alloys with Y. According to the processing maps, the temperature range of 420–480 °C and strain rates higher than 5 s−1 are the most unfavorable region for hot deformation for the investigated alloys. The deformation at 440 °C and 15 s−1 led to cracks on the surface of the sample. However, internal cracks were not observed in the microstructure after deformation. The optimum hot deformation temperatures were in a range of 500–540 °C and at strain rates of 0.1–15 s−1.

CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC CHARACTERISTICS OF CHILDREN'S EPILEPSY LIVING IN THE ARAL SEA REGION

In order to study the structure of epileptic seizures in childrenliving in the Aral Sea region, studies were carried out in 56 children with epilepticseizures. The results of the study showed that symptomatic epilepsy with generalizedtonic-clonic seizures is more common (81%). Epiativity was detected in 91.5% ofthe examined patients. EchoEG analysis revealed an increase in intracranial pressurein patients, and EEG analysis revealed an increase in foci of epiactivity in theoccipital region and diffusion in children in an unfavorable ecological region.

Supported Pt Nanoparticles on Mesoporous Titania for Selective Hydrogenation of Phenylacetylene.

Semi-hydrogenation of alkynes to alkenes is one of the most important industrial reactions. However, it remains technically challenging to obtain high alkene selectivity especially at a high alkyne conversion because of kinetically favorable over hydrogenation. In this contribution, we show that supported ultrasmall Pt nanoparticles (2.5 nm) on mesoporous TiO2 (Pt@mTiO2) remarkably improve catalytic performance toward semi-hydrogenation of phenylacetylene. Pt@mTiO2 is prepared by co-assembly of Pt and Ti precursors with silica colloidal templates via an evaporation-induced self-assembly process, followed by further calcination for thermal decomposition of Pt precursors and crystallization of mTiO2 simultaneously. As-resultant Pt@mTiO2 discloses a high hydrogenation activity of phenylacetylene, which is 2.5 times higher than that of commercial Pt/C. More interestingly, styrene selectivity over Pt@mTiO2 remains 100% in a wide phenylacetylene conversion window (20–75%). The styrene selectivity is >80% even at 100% phenylacetylene conversion while that of the commercial Pt/C is 0%. The remarkable styrene selectivity of the Pt@mTiO2 is derived from the weakened styrene adsorption strength on the atop Pt sites as observed by diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy with CO as a probe molecule (CO-DRIFTS). Our strategy provides a new avenue for promoting alkyne to alkene transformation in the kinetically unfavorable region through novel catalyst preparation.

Global gyrokinetic nonlinear simulations of kinetic infernal modes in reversed shear tokamaks

The nonlinear evolution of electromagnetic instabilities in reversed shear plasmas is investigated by means of global gyrokinetic simulations. It is found that the kinetic infernal mode (KIM), which is a pressure-driven instability with low to intermediate toroidal mode number excited in a region of low magnetic shear, is unstable at high β, while the ion temperature gradient mode is unstable at low β, where β is the ratio of the plasma kinetic pressure to the magnetic pressure. The β threshold of the KIM is much lower than that of the kinetic ballooning mode (KBM) appearing in a normal shear plasma, while both the KIM and KBM are strong at the unfavorable curvature region, and the KIM has the same parity as the KBM. Nonlinear simulations show that the KIM gets saturated by exciting strong zonal flows and fluctuations of low toroidal mode number. The amplitude of the KIM turbulence is similar to that of the KBM turbulence in spite of the fact that the linear growth rate of the KIM is much higher than that of the KBM. This is because the excitation of zonal flows and fluctuations at low toroidal mode number is stronger in the reversed shear plasma than that of the normal shear plasma. On the other hand, the energy flux and particle flux due to the KIM turbulence are about two or three times larger than those by the KBM turbulence.

Поражения центральной нервной системы у ВИЧ-инфицированных больных в эпидемиологически неблагополучном регионе

Поражения центральной нервной системы у ВИЧ-инфицированных больных в эпидемиологически неблагополучном регионе

Поражения центральной нервной системы у ВИЧ-инфицированных больных в эпидемиологически неблагополучном регионе

Поражения центральной нервной системы у ВИЧ-инфицированных больных в эпидемиологически неблагополучном регионе

Qualitative index of population health losses in the aral sea region

The article is devoted to the approbation of the modification of the method of the presentation of indices of medical and social losses of the population on an example of environmentally unfavorable Aral Sea region in Kazakhstan. The first step in improvement of the system ofpublic health care is the identification of the most important problems related with the assessment of the disease burden and the adjustment of data of such type in accordance national aims on the decline of medical and social losses in this problem area. So far according to the criteria for the determination of the boundary of ecological catastrophe area one of the indices is the steady gain in the mortality rate. Using the index “Years of Life Lost” (YLL) in medical statistics as a relatively new approach that continues to be improved and its development supposes the improvement in the quality of health statistics. We modified this method consisting in the determination of the coefficient of loss of years. In the given work after comprehensive analysis of the loss of years due to morbidity and mortality on the base of life tables the potential of lost years for the population was determined with bearing in mind of module tables and compared with the loss in years due to the health loss. So far there was declined the dimension of the comprehensive index, there was elevated its comparability with other indices, and the data interpretation has been optimized. Suggested modification can be used for a comprehensive assessment of health state in the execution of epidemiological studies and monitoring of medical and social situation in ecologically unfavorable regions.

Evaluation of the functional state of the thyroid gland in women residing in the ecologically unfavorable Aral Sea region

There was executed the clinical examination of 225 women of reproductive age, and in all cases there was made blood sampling for the determination of the serum level of TSH, free T. Observed cases were divided into three groups: 18-29 years, 30-39 years, 40-49 years. As a result, a high prevalence of declined thyroid function was found to be in the form of subclinical manifested hypothyroidism, which exceeds by several times the average incidence of these pathologies in the population. It should be noted that the maximum number of women suffering from subclinical (21.33% of observed cases), and the manifested hypothyroidism (9.33% of the study) was seen in a group of women aged of 18-29 years.

ECOLOGICAL HYGIENIC ASSESSMENT of the ENVIRONMENT OF ADJACENT TERRITORIES OF ZONES OF ANTHROPOGENIC IMPACT

The ecological and hygienic assessment of environmental areas adjacent to the zones of anthropogenic exposure in the cold season of the year. As the object of research there was chosen ecologically unfavorable Aral Sea region -settlement Aiteke bi in the - Kyzylorda region of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The aim of research was to identify chemical pollutants in the environment of the settlement of Aiteke Bi. During the execution of the study there was used a complex of modern certified ecological-hygienic, chemical-analytical and static methods of the analysis (photoionizing, electrochemical, optical, photometric, complexonometric, weight, titrimetric). Results of the study of ambient air showed the excess of the concentration of suspended particulate matter 1.78 MPC daily averages, the value of Air Pollution Index (API ) was low (API4= 1.3 c.u.). The quantitative chemical analysis of drinking water showed the presence of low concentrations of heavy metals: cadmium - 0,3MPC, nickel - 0.5MPC, iron - 0.4MPC, zinc - 0.6MPC, cobalt - 0.4MPC (water pollution index (WPI)= 0.2 cu), clean water is of quality class 2. There was revealed a low level of soil contamination (Zc =0.1 c.u.), however, observed in all samples there were noted excesses of sulfate MPC (by to 193.8 times) and chlorides (3.9 times). Concentrations of polluting chemicals discovered in the total territory of the settlement of Aiteke bi are related to the activity of more than twenty-one companies producing oxygen, building materials, metal plastic products, executing the exploration and production of minerals. Each out of the identified chemical impurities is widely used in manufacturing, thereby is accumulated in the environment and easily gets into the body with both food and water, and via air inhalation. There is observed a chronic intake of chemical contaminants.

Failure Probability, Stress Distribution and Fracture Analysis of Experimental Screw for Micro Conical Abutment.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the failure probability of two types of abutment screws after compressive load and to analyze the stress distribution with finite element method. Sixty (60) single-tooth implant restorations were assembled on titanium implants (e-fix, A.S. Technology - Titanium Fix). The groups were divided into Conventional screw (Screw neck 1.5 ø mm) and Experimental screw (Screw neck constricted with 1.2 ø mm). Specimens were subjected to single load to failure with compressive test according ISO 14801. The fractured specimens were subjected to stereomicroscopy for measurement of remaining screws inside the implant and characterization of fracture origin. Representative specimens were analyzed by scanning electronic microscopy. For finite element method (FEM), an identical 3D model of the two in vitro test groups were used with similar conditions (30º, 100 N load). The stress in the abutment screw was analyzed by von-Mises criteria. The results of strength means were 4132.5 ± 76 MPa and 4528.2 ± 127.2 for conventional and experimental groups, respectively. During microscopy, the mean (mm) of the remaining screw piece inside the implants were 0.97 ± 0.23 and 1.32 ± 0.12 for conventional and experimental groups, respectively. In FEM, the conventional group showed stress concentered in an unfavorable region (peak of 39.23 MPa), while the experimental group showed more stress areas but less concentration than the conventional group (36.6 MPa). In using the tested experimental geometry, the abutment screw can have its strength improved, and the origin of failure can be more favorable to clinical resolution.

BIOLOGY OF THE ORAL CAVITY IN CHILDREN LIVING IN THE CITY OF CHIRCHIK

The study of microbiological and immunological parameters of the oral cavity among children living in the industrial city of Chirchik, the total number of anaerobes, aerobes, phagocytic activity of neutrophils, the level of lysozyme and the immunoglobulin A secretion fraction of the secretory fraction (sIgA) has been studied. To address this goal, we conducted microbiological and immunological studies in 57 children living in the town of Chirchik. All these children, depending on their age, were divided into 3 groups: Group 1 included 17 children aged 6-7 years. Group 2 consisted of 25 children aged 8-12 years. The third group consisted of 15 children aged 13-15. In children aged 6-7 years, it can be noted that the total number of the optional group of microbes is higher than in anaerobic. In this case, the quantitative indicators of the lactobacillus are especially affected among the anaerobes, so their number is Lg. 2.10 ± 0.1 cfu /ml. Alarming in this group of children is the sowing of pathogenic strains of staphylococcus. The remaining groups of microbes, although there are minor changes, but they are unreliable. At children in the age of 2 and 3 group the flora of the oral cavity in many respects stands close to normal indices. Although it should be noted a significant increase in the number of streptococci, especially strains of Str. mutans and mitis. In children in the age group 6-7 years, almost all indicators show immunodeficiency, so the lysozyme titer was 14 ± 0.41 mg /%, it was normally 19.180 ± 0.60 mg/%, the index of phagocytosis was 48.4 ± 1.45% significantly lower than the control indices, the level of secretory immunoglobulin of class A (sIgA) was 1.7 ± 0.1 g/l, which is much lower than normal values. It is interesting to note that in children older than 8-12 and 13-15 years, these indicators have improved significantly, although it should be noted that their immunodeficiency has worsened, only in terms of the fraction of secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA). From the above, it follows: 1. According to the sanitary and hygienic and microbiological studies carried out, it is possible to state that the city of Chirchik is an ecologically unfavorable region. 2. The study of oral micro-ecology in children in Chirchik made it possible to establish that in children in the age group 6-7 years the most pronounced are dysbiotic conditions, the main feature of which is the decrease in the amount of lactobacillus, but the increase in the number of staphylococci and fungi of the genus Candida 3. When studying the local factors of oral protection in children living in Chirchik in the age aspect, it was found that immunodeficiency states are most pronounced in children of the I group. 4. The study of the state of colonization resistance of microbes in children living in the city of Chirchik established that the most pronounced violations in these issues were noted in the children of group I.