Unfamiliar Problems Research Articles

Evaluation of the BOPPPS model on otolaryngologic education for five-year undergraduates

BackgroundThis study aimed to assess the effectiveness of the BOPPPS model (bridge-in, learning objective, pre-test, participatory learning, post-test, and summary) in otolaryngology education for five-year undergraduate students.MethodsA non-randomized controlled trial was conducted with 167 five-year undergraduate students from Anhui Medical University, who were allocated to an experimental group and a control group. The experimental group received instruction using the BOPPPS model, while the control group underwent traditional teaching methods. The evaluation of the teaching effectiveness was performed through an anonymous questionnaire based on the course evaluation questionnaire. Students’ perspectives and self-evaluations were quantified using a five-point Likert scale. Furthermore, students’ comprehension of the course content was measured through a comprehensive final examination at the end of the semester.ResultsStudents in the experimental group reported significantly higher scores in various competencies compared to the control group: planning work (4.27 ± 0.676 vs. 4.03 ± 0.581, P < 0.05), problem-solving skills (4.31 ± 0.624 vs. 4.03 ± 0.559, P < 0.01), teamwork abilities (4.19 ± 0.704 vs. 3.87 ± 0.758, P < 0.05), and analytical skills (4.31 ± 0.719 vs. 4.05 ± 0.622, P < 0.05). They also reported higher motivation for learning (4.48 ± 0.618 vs. 4.09 ± 0.582, P < 0.01). Additionally, students in the experimental group felt more confident tackling unfamiliar problems (4.21 ± 0.743 vs. 3.95 ± 0.636, P < 0.05), had a clearer understanding of teachers’ expectations (4.31 ± 0.552 vs. 4.08 ± 0.555, P < 0.05), and perceived more effort from teachers to understand their difficulties (4.42 ± 0.577 vs. 4.13 ± 0.59, P < 0.01). They emphasized comprehension over memorization (3.65 ± 1.176 vs. 3.18 ± 1.065, P < 0.05) and received more helpful feedback (4.40 ± 0.574 vs. 4.08 ± 0.585, P < 0.01). Lecturers were rated better at explaining concepts (4.42 ± 0.539 vs. 4.08 ± 0.619, P < 0.01) and making subjects interesting (4.50 ± 0.546 vs. 4.08 ± 0.632, P < 0.01). Overall, the experimental group expressed higher course satisfaction (4.56 ± 0.542 vs. 4.34 ± 0.641, P < 0.05). In terms of examination performance, the experimental group scored higher on the final examination (87.7 ± 6.7 vs. 84.0 ± 7.7, P < 0.01) and in noun-interpretation (27.0 ± 1.6 vs. 26.1 ± 2.4, P < 0.01).ConclusionThe BOPPPS model emerged as an effective and innovative teaching method, particularly in enhancing students’ competencies in otolaryngology education. Based on the findings of this study, educators and institutions were encouraged to consider incorporating the BOPPPS model into their curricula to enhance the learning experiences and outcomes of students.

Health Workers' Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction and Resilience During COVID-19 Pandemic.

Research indicates that a significant number of healthcare workers accounted for all confirmed Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases, and many of the infected healthcare workers were asymptomatic. During the COVID-19 outbreak, a considerable number of people in Taiwan contracted the disease. Therefore, health workers in Taiwan often experienced lack of medical resources, and this problem is worse for outer island areas. In terms of stress and mental health, this study investigated the effect of poor healthcare capacity and high workload on health workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study also explored mindfulness-based stress reduction and resilience in health workers. This study conducted an in-depth interview to investigate stress perceived by health workers in a hospital located on an outer island of Taiwan as well as their mental health and stress relieving strategies. It was found that during the COVID-19 outbreak, some common sources of stress for health workers included exposure to infectious diseases, heavy workloads, facing ethical dilemma in clinical decision-making, and unfamiliar problems from the pandemic. These types of stress cause worries, anxiety, and depression in health workers, which affects their mental and physical health as well as their patient-care performance. This study proposed that mindfulness-based stress reduction and protecting mental health are important for health workers.

Transfer of learning in histology: Insights from a longitudinal study.

All anatomical educators hope that students apply past training to both similar and new tasks. This two-group longitudinal study investigated the development of such transfer of learning in a histology course. After 0, 10, and 20 sessions of the 10-week-long course, medical students completed theoretical tasks, examined histological slides trained in the course (retention task), and unfamiliar histological slides (transfer task). The results showed that students in the histology group gradually outperformed the control group in all tasks, especially in the second half of the course, η2 = 0.268 (p < 0.001). The best predictor of final transfer performance was students' retention performance after 10 sessions, β = 0.32 (p = 0.028), and theoretical knowledge after 20 sessions, β = 0.46 (p = 0.003). Results of eye tracking methodology further revealed that the histology group engaged in greater "visual activity" when solving transfer tasks, as indicated by an increase in the total fixation count, η2 = 0.103 (p = 0.014). This longitudinal study provides evidence that medical students can use what they learn in histology courses to solve unfamiliar problems but cautions that positive transfer effects develop relatively late in the course. Thus, course time and the complex relationship between theory, retention, and transfer holds critical implications for anatomical curricula seeking to foster the transfer of learning.

Appreciating failure and success to help nations unite

Research methodology The author employed a five-step approach: Data (e.g., qualitative primary and secondary data) collection (about a major project at the examined organisation), Critical thinking (in order to determine the dilemma), Setting learning objectives (e.g., with respect to the Bloom's taxonomy), Testing (in order to confirm the teaching plan) (e.g., with research assistants and doctoral candidates), and Ensuring clarity (e.g., especially for the case narrative). Case overview/synopsis The site manager at a UNESCO World Heritage Site by the name Ephesus in Türkiye (Turkey) was considering who would update the site management plan. UNESCO was regularly asking for updates. Would site management outsource the management plan from a firm? For example, the site management had had an outside firm develop the management plan and Ephesus had become a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Otherwise, would the site management rely on their own experience this time? Was there another way? Complexity academic level The educators could use the case study to introduce graduate students to “the value conception” in “marketing management” courses and to “the social exchange school of thought” in “marketing theory” courses. The learning objectives develop over the tension between owning and outsourcing main responsibilities of a scientific field as well as the tension between claims and objective evaluations. “The value conception” in “the social exchange school of thought” could improve planning in favour of humanity in a way that the United Nations could recognise (e.g., “value-based planning”). Corresponding discussions motivate a main question about the future: What is marketing for?

The effectiveness of artificial intelligence in contemporary digital graphic design

In our world, technological development has become inherent in all walks of life and is characterized by its speed in performance and uses. This development required the emergence of new technologies that represent a future revolution for a fourth industrial revolution in various fields, which contributed to finding many alternatives and innovative technical solutions that shortened time and space in terms of making Machines are smarter, more accurate, and faster in accomplishing the tasks intended for them, and we find the emergence of what is called artificial intelligence (artificial intelligence), which is the technology of the future, which is one of the most important outputs of the fourth industrial revolution, and artificial intelligence has become a comprehensive term for applications that perform complex tasks that required in the past human inputs such as Communicating with customers via the Internet and various digital applications, as it saved a lot of time, effort, and money thanks to its various capabilities, specifically in the field of graphic design. in graphic design The study aimed to identify the effectiveness of artificial intelligence in contemporary digital graphic design and to benefit from its applications through its employment in the field of graphic design. And the techniques used to design and develop artificial intelligence applications 4- The importance of artificial intelligence and its effectiveness in developing graphic design skills. Its effective capabilities enable and facilitate contemporary digital graphic design processes. The research also came out with conclusions, recommendations and proposals that came from it. Results: 1- Artificial intelligence for the graphic designer shortens the implementation of various designs and analyzes problems with accuracy and high speed, which allows achieving creativity and developing his skills. 2- Artificial intelligence can process a huge amount of data and information in a short period of time compared to time spent on traditional digital design. 3- Artificial intelligence enables the graphic designer to find solutions to unfamiliar problems that he faces when executing the design work. The researcher came out with conclusions, including: 1 - The revolution in the world of artificial intelligence in the future will make applications capable of carrying out various tasks of graphic design and most areas of our lives. 2- Artificial intelligence helps users create new patterns and different designs with less experience and knowledge in the field of design. The researcher also recommended directing graphic designers and students to work and make use of artificial intelligence techniques in the various stages of design to save time and effort and avoid making mistakes. The researcher also suggested studying the applications of artificial intelligence and their uses in the digital graphic achievement. The search was also included in the list of Arab and foreign sources

Mediating role of educational environment in the relationship between workload and generic skills of nursing students in Vietnam

Students’ learning experiences are considered useful indicators to evaluate the effectiveness of teaching in tertiary education. With limited theory-driven research, this study aimed to examine whether the educational environment is able to mediate the relationship between student workload and generic skills. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 1347 nursing students in ten nursing schools across Vietnam from November 2021 to January 2022. The results showed that the total score of the students’ workload and the generic skills were 3.25 ± 0.59 and 3.84 ± 0.56 (possible score: 1-5), respectively. Students were at an “agree” level with statements like “the sheer volume of work to be got through in this course means you can’t comprehend it” and “as results of doing this course, I feel more confident about tackling unfamiliar problem”. Most nursing students rated the educational environment at levels of “more positive educational environment” (N=1018, 75.58%), with a total score of 120.75 ± 20.78 (possible score: 0-200). The educational environment was identified as a mediator in the relationships between the workload and the generic skills. The direct effect on workload was -0.00035 which was not significant (p=0.987) with the generic skills. The indirect effect of workload that passes through the educational environment was -0.07 and is also statistically significant, at p= 0.002. As such, the study suggests that, to enhance students’ generic skills, it is necessary to instruct students in efficient learning strategies to help them manage their academic workload, particularly during unexpected situations such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, despite the occurrence of a high level of student workload, nursing schools could focus on efficient tactics and interventions to improve the educational environment, which subsequently helps to improve students’ outcomes.

Biologically Inspired Self-Organizing Computational Model to Mimic Infant Learning

Recent technological advancements have fostered human–robot coexistence in work and residential environments. The assistive robot must exhibit humane behavior and consistent care to become an integral part of the human habitat. Furthermore, the robot requires an adaptive unsupervised learning model to explore unfamiliar conditions and collaborate seamlessly. This paper introduces variants of the growing hierarchical self-organizing map (GHSOM)-based computational models for assistive robots, which constructs knowledge from unsupervised exploration-based learning. Traditional self-organizing map (SOM) algorithms have shortcomings, including finite neuron structure, user-defined parameters, and non-hierarchical adaptive architecture. The proposed models overcome these limitations and dynamically grow to form problem-dependent hierarchical feature clusters, thereby allowing associative learning and symbol grounding. Infants can learn from their surroundings through exploration and experience, developing new neuronal connections as they learn. They can also apply their prior knowledge to solve unfamiliar problems. With infant-like emergent behavior, the presented models can operate on different problems without modifications, producing new patterns not present in the input vectors and allowing interactive result visualization. The proposed models are applied to the color, handwritten digits clustering, finger identification, and image classification problems to evaluate their adaptiveness and infant-like knowledge building. The results show that the proposed models are the preferred generalized models for assistive robots.

Training for Adaptive Expertise: Why, What, and How.

Routine expertise is the efficient use of mastered skills at a high level of competency in familiar situations. Novel case variation and continuous scientific advances preclude reliance on routine expertise alone. Medical training programs must prepare learners to solve unfamiliar problems by cultivating adaptive expertise. Adaptive expertise is the ability to transfer existing knowledge to innovate a solution for an unfamiliar problem.

The Impactful Effect of E-Learning Study Method Towards Students Academic Achievements in General

This study aims to analyze the impact of the online learning or e-learning system on students' academic scores in general. This study uses previous research to review the infrastructure and factors of the E-Learning system in influencing students' academic scores. The research method of this research is using SLR (Systematic Literature Review). Research searches will be carried out on databases of journals that are known to the public, such as Springer, ResearchGate, Scopus, and others. Twenty-seven articles have been screened to fit the research criteria, collected, and reviewed. This study concludes that the E-Learning System gets honest feedback and is ignored, but indirectly has an impact on the actors in teaching and learning activities in the world of education. E-learning systems can provide solutions to problems at hand, but also create unfamiliar problems. The main factor in improving student learning experiences is student academic value.&#x0D; Keyword - E-Learning, Online Platform, Education, Systematic Online Learning, Academic Achievement, non-Academic Achievement

Design reviewing: are experts better and does slowing down improve performance?

Design reviewing is an important aspect of engineering design. Designs certified by a professional engineer require some form of external check. This external check can range from a quick intuitive assessment of a proposed solution to a reassessment of the problem using alternative methods. This research explored intuitive review assessments for two typical geotechnical designs. The results suggest that those with requisite experience (even seemingly little experience) can make correct assessments even after spending as few as 4 min reviewing a carefully presented solution. Forcing participants to state reasons for a decision (and thereby slowing them down) only served to improve predictions by novices attempting an unfamiliar problem. While such quick intuitive reviews appeared adequate for assessing the problems presented here, some experts still made erroneous decisions even after stating reasons for a decision. Design reviews are an important step in design and should never be taken lightly.

Writing mathematics collaboratively in online workshops

This case study examines the changes that were made to workshops for first year mathematics students when moving from in-person to online in the 2020/21 academic year. In the workshops, students tackle unfamiliar problems in small groups, with a focus on group work and mathematical communication skills. Transitioning to online workshops presented several difficulties around how best to enable students to have meaningful mathematical discussions and collaborate in writing their solutions when working online. We discuss the changes and mitigations we implemented in order to move the workshops online and how this will inform future in-person workshops.

Coherent formalisability as acceptability criterion for students’ mathematical discourse

ABSTRACT The challenges involved in navigating between home, school and academic languages, especially in a low resource context, have been well documented in the literature. Processes and strategies that allow the use of students’ “language as resource” have also been suggested by research. In the context of explorations, where students work with an unfamiliar open problem, we have observed them engaging in mathematical practices and “mathematical conversations” and making their own discoveries, regardless of limited access to a formal language. The discourse in such contexts may not exhibit accepted characteristics of mathematical discourse. There is a need for defining acceptability criteria that validate the mathematical in these informal ways of talking and enable movement towards more formal discourse. To this end, we suggest coherent formalisability as an acceptability criterion and examine discursive proving actions in an exploratory context in the light of this criterion.

The impact of occupational health, safety, workload, and stress on nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic

The COVID-19 pandemic impacts the clinical nurses working in hospitals. The pandemic challenged them to deal with unfamiliar problems such as heavy workloads and adaptation to using Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). When left untreated, the situation will increase the stress among nurses. Due to this reason, the objective of the study is to evaluate the impact of pandemic health, safety, workload, and stress among nurses in a hospital. The study used descriptive design and used observational methods to reach the research objective. The data collection process was started from August 2020 to October 2020. A total of 144 nurses were engaged during the study. Several instruments were used to gain data from the participants. Regression analysis was used for hypothesis testing. The finding indicated that results of this study indicate that OHS, workload, and work stress simultaneously have a significant positive effect on the nurses’ performance (p &lt; 0.05). This research suggests that health policymakers should provide psychological support for nurses experiencing stress when delivering care.&#x0D; Keywords: Occupational health; safety; nurses; psychological stress; pandemic&#x0D;

Environmental Psychology Approaches Within the Relationship of Nature and Health in terms of Landscape Architecture

For a while, today’s modern people have been struggling with various problems which threaten their health including climate change, water and food scarcities, depression etc. Also, most recently, they have been faced with a more complicated- unfamiliar problem, pandemic. And in the future, what kind of different problems to be faced to threaten their health cannot be predicted. This situation underlines boldly the obligation to support people health before then it has been lost. And, at the point of supporting health, the phenomenon of nature emerges. Nature offers low-cost, non-intrusive solutions for human health and well-being, and the landscape architecture profession also plays an important role in enhancing the relationship with nature. Today, many studies are emphasizing the positive effects of exposure to nature on health and the relationship between nature and health is generally explained within the scope of various theories put forward by environmental psychology. Within the scope of this study, initially, the relationship between nature and health is reviewed in the context of theories put forward by environmental psychology. Subsequently, suggestions are offered regarding the design processes, assessing design approaches supporting health in the aspect of landscape architecture which has an important role to increase the interaction with nature.

Kajian Perancangan Karakter Maskot Universitas Pendidikan Mandalika

Mascot is a promotional media that is familiar in promotional media. Several companies to universities have mascots as icons that can represent higher education. UNDIKMA as a new joint-form campus has not used the media in the form of mascots for promotion. considering that NTB is a heterogeneous region with respect to ethnicity, religion, and race, so it requires a mascot as a brand ambassador for UNDIKMA. This is important because in the NTB region there is no tertiary institution that has a mascot. In the previous study, there was no study on mascot creation for universities. The purpose of this research is to design a mascot with a method approach that puts forward the target audience. While the method used is the Design Thinking Method developed by Tim Brown. Design thinking is a way to solve ambiguous and unfamiliar problems, rediscover problems in a human-centered way, brainstorm to generate multiple ideas, and take a hands-on approach. Very useful for prototyping and testing. Design thinking also includes continuous experimentation, such as sketching, prototyping, experimenting, and trying out different concepts and ideas. The target outcome of this research is to hopefully create a mascot design. In addition, it is also hoped that the output in the form of a mascot design guide line will also be successfully written. So that the application of the mascot can be correct and in accordance with the objectives expected by the designer.

Teaching Mathematics during the COVID-19 Lockdown in a Context of Historical Disadvantage

The COVID-19 global pandemic widely affected education across the world and engendered unprecedented scenarios that required expeditious responses. In South Africa, the pandemic came on top of pre-existing inequalities in the education system. Using a qualitative research method of exploratory and descriptive nature, this study engaged a social justice framework to explore the teaching and learning of mathematics during the COVID-19 lockdown in a context of historical disadvantage. A sample of twenty-three Grade 12 mathematics teachers at various public secondary schools in Gauteng, South Africa was used in the study. The teachers were selected through purposive sampling. A Google-generated open-ended questionnaire and follow-up telephonic interviews were used to collect data. Data were analysed thematically in five steps. The findings revealed that the WhatsApp platform is a valuable tool that can support the teaching and learning of mathematics beyond the classroom in the contexts of historical disadvantage. The findings also provided insights into how mathematics teachers became learners themselves during emergency remote teaching (ERT) as they had to adapt to digital teaching, find solutions to unfamiliar problems and acquire knowledge from a larger mathematics education community around the globe. The article discusses these findings and teachers’ challenges of transitioning from traditional face-to-face classrooms to ERT and how they were addressed. At the time of publishing the article, most learners in South Africa had started going to school on a rotational basis. Nonetheless, the study reported in this article is of importance as ERT in the context of historical disadvantage has foregrounded issues of inequality in the South African education system that must be dealt with urgently.

Implementation of flipped classroom combined with case- and team-based learning in residency training

The core problem of Chinese resident doctor training is that medical educators present content in an attractive teaching mode to make students more motivated to learn and improve their clinical thinking ability, humanistic care, and practical ability. The traditional classroom mode of teaching cannot meet the needs of modern medical education. The purpose of this study is to explore the benefits and challenges of the flipped classroom (FC) combined with case- and team-based learning (FC-CTBL) for residency training. In this study, 60 junior surgical residents of Xiangya Medical College were enrolled. "Diabetic foot" was selected as the content of this study. Residents were divided into an FC-CTBL group and an FC group. FC-CTBL and FC were compared on the basis of residents' feedback questionnaires, residents' learning burden, test scores from a pre-quiz, and objective structured clinical examinations (OSCE). Residents were more satisfied with the FC-CTBL model compared with FC. In the FC-CTBL group, more participants said that the course improved their teamwork skills, analytical skills and their confidence in tackling unfamiliar problems. Residents in the FC-CTBL group also spent significantly less time preparing for class and performed better in the OSCE than those in the FC group. FC-CTBL stimulates residents' learning motivation, decreases their workload, improves their performance in the OSCE and may help to enhance clinical thinking and teamwork skills. The FC-CTBL approach is a good option for residency training.

Interdisciplinary higher education with a focus on academic motivation and teamwork diversity

Despite the growing literature on interdisciplinary teaching experiences in higher education, setting an interdisciplinary course remains an intuitive process of problematic transmission among teachers. We defined an interdisciplinary course structure grounded in constructivism, academic motivation, and social and managing psychology. The teaching strategy included teamwork, problem-based learning (PBL), and activities to fostering academic motivation and working with diverse perspectives. Six interdisciplinary teaching teams developed courses for undergraduate students from multiple university areas. The student course experience questionnaire and student reflective writing pieces were used as instruments for data collection, and a mixed-methods approach was used for data analysis. From the student perspective, participating in an interdisciplinary course influenced the development of four top skills and attitudes: to work as a team member, to explore ideas confidently with other people, to develop as a person, and to develop relevant, ethical, social, and professional perspectives. Impact was also found in developing enthusiasm for learning, tackling unfamiliar problems, and becoming an active enquiring learner. Results indicated course characteristics linked to five academic motivation areas, pointing to 'success' and 'caring' experiences as the most influential. Also, teamwork was a central aspect of the experience, positively influenced by group diversity and the development of a learning community. In summary, this work offers insights into interdisciplinary course development and evaluation, guiding teachers to focus on aspects rarely attended in traditional higher education courses.

Evolutionary training and abstraction yields algorithmic generalization of neural computers

A key feature of intelligent behaviour is the ability to learn abstract strategies that scale and transfer to unfamiliar problems. An abstract strategy solves every sample from a problem class, no matter its representation or complexity -- like algorithms in computer science. Neural networks are powerful models for processing sensory data, discovering hidden patterns, and learning complex functions, but they struggle to learn such iterative, sequential or hierarchical algorithmic strategies. Extending neural networks with external memories has increased their capacities in learning such strategies, but they are still prone to data variations, struggle to learn scalable and transferable solutions, and require massive training data. We present the Neural Harvard Computer (NHC), a memory-augmented network based architecture, that employs abstraction by decoupling algorithmic operations from data manipulations, realized by splitting the information flow and separated modules. This abstraction mechanism and evolutionary training enable the learning of robust and scalable algorithmic solutions. On a diverse set of 11 algorithms with varying complexities, we show that the NHC reliably learns algorithmic solutions with strong generalization and abstraction: perfect generalization and scaling to arbitrary task configurations and complexities far beyond seen during training, and being independent of the data representation and the task domain.

Rational errors in learning fractions among 5th grade students

Our paper focuses on empirical research in which we map out the errors in learning fractions. Errors are often logically consistent and rule-based rather than being random. When people face solving an unfamiliar problem, they usually construct rules or strategies in order to solve it (Van Lehn, 1983). These strategies tend to be systematic, often make ‘sense’ to the people who created them but often lead to incorrect solutions (Ben-Zeev, 1996). These mistakes were named rational errors by Ben-Zeev (1996). The research aims to show that when learning fractions, students produce such errors, identified in the literature, and that students who make these kinds of mistakes achieve low results in mathematics tests. The research was done among 5th-grade students.&#x0D; Subject Classification: 97C10, 97C30, 97C70, 97D60, 97D70, 97F50