Unfamiliar Knowledge Research Articles

Toward stakeholders' understanding of media reporting on doctor-patient relationship issues: trust, unfamiliarity and uncertainty in the Chinese context.

This study explores doctors' and patients' understandings of citizen journalism on doctor-patient relationship issues. It also examines the communication effect of citizen journalism as a communication platform on doctors and patients who are taking part in the doctor-patient relationship in contemporary China. This study draws on the analysis of 24 semi-structured interviews with doctors from both publicly funded and privately operated hospital, and nine focus groups which included 36 patients with different socio-economic backgrounds. The empirical research present the following results: (1) authority and witness are the two key factors to construct the stakeholders'(doctors' and patients') awareness and trust of citizen journalist reporting on the doctor-patient relationship issues. (2) stakeholders' perception on citizen journalism will construct them concern on the uncertain and unfamiliar knowledge during the hospital activities. The interpretation of doctor-patient relationship reports by doctors and patients affects their mutual trust. Authority and witnessing are two key factors that citizen journalists should consider when reporting on doctor-patient relationship news. Doctors from different types of hospitals and patients with different income levels have different understandings of the authority and witnessing of the reported content. Reading the content of doctor-patient conflicts reflected in citizen journalist reports can exacerbate the emotional fluctuations of doctors and patients. After reading these reports, doctors and patients may experience increased anxiety about uncertainty and unfamiliarity in doctor-patient communication. This study provides a framework for public health research from the relationship between communication content and audience. It also provides answers from the perspectives of media and stakeholders to investigate the tension in doctor-patient relationships in China.

Multi-Objective Framework for Resilient Post-Disaster Self-Built Residential Buildings

The 2015 seismic events in Nepal highlighted critical challenges in constructing earthquake-resilient, self-built stone masonry houses in rural mountain areas. The Department of Urban Development and Building Construction (DUDBC), however, provided designs that failed to preserve the local architectural landscape and craftsmanship while adding unfamiliar knowledge and technology. To address the shortcomings of DUDBC model houses related to architecture, structure, and socio-economic concerns in designing and implementing post-earthquake houses, a need-based building development framework is required for standardized practice. This study proposes a novel framework to assess, design, and implement a self-built house after a disaster, consisting of five stages: (1) post-disaster problem assessment, (2) need identification, (3) material selection, (4) design development, and (5) validation and implementation. Based on this framework, we proposed a novel gabion building construction technology for two-story stone masonry structures that effectively mitigate post-disaster challenges such as logistic, resilience, and socio-economic aspects while improving disaster resiliency specifically in the high-elevation rural areas of Nepal. The proposed two-story gabion building preserves local architectural values, enhances structural integrity, and provides cost-effectiveness when compared with its DUDBC peer models while providing much-needed relief to the vulnerable community. The proposed resilient house, G-2.1, utilizes locally sourced materials and craftsmanship, and innovative gabion technology that ensures affordability and facilitates knowledge transfer. The contribution of this study includes a multi-objective framework for a two-story gabions house that is most suitable for self-built resilient homes that preserves the local architecture and socio-economic conditions while providing structural integrity and safety.

Intralingual translation in didactic practice: five case studies

Abstract This article is a qualitative study charting the dimensional range of a particular type of translative phenomenon, namely, intralingual translation within educational practice. Theoretically, the article is based on a broadened concept of translation that encompasses any kind of sign translation, including the transcending of a language-internal comprehension barrier, such as the one between scientific and lay linguistic registers. Further, the article assumes that such intralingual translation is conceptually identical with the interpretive procedures found in didactic practice, given that the central aim of (much) pedagogy is to make sense of new and unfamiliar knowledge – typically embedded in abstract, scientific concepts – to learners. The article also draws on the Bakhtinian concept of “dialogized heteroglossia,” i.e., the view that different language varieties may be fused into, and brought into dialogue with each other within, one and the same text. Empirically, the article investigates intralingual translation in didactic practice through analyses of textbooks and one classroom lecture in five different academic disciplines, spanning both the natural and social sciences and the humanities. The analyses identify a handful of different translational strategies, some of which are shared across several disciplines, and others of which are unique to a single discipline only.

Children use epistemic states flexibly to make diagnostic social inferences.

Children are sensitive to their own and others' epistemic states and use these to guide their learning and communication. Here, we systematically examined children's use of epistemic states to make diagnostic social inferences. Specifically, we investigated children's group membership inferences based on what others do and do not know and what role children's own knowledge states and the type of knowledge play in these inferences. Across two preregistered studies, 7- and 8-year-old children (N = 100) were shown targets who were knowledgeable (Study 1) or ignorant (Study 2) of familiar and unfamiliar knowledge items that were either general or culture-specific and asked to guess whether the targets would be linguistic ingroup or outgroup members. Children inferred that the targets would speak their native language if they shared targets' epistemic states and a foreign language if they did not. Importantly, these patterns were particularly evident when epistemic states involved cultural knowledge. Further, children's inferences became more nuanced with age. These findings suggest that others' knowledge states are socially meaningful in childhood and children use their own and others' epistemic states in flexible ways to guide their diagnostic social judgments. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

Diverse knowledge exploration and diffusion in MNCs

AbstractResearch SummaryThis article examines the influence that intra‐firm manufacturing linkages have on knowledge exploration outcomes in foreign subsidiaries. Although it is common to focus on the importance of keeping exploratory units separate from other firm operations to encourage a more diverse range of solutions, I explore the role that strong manufacturing outflows play in encouraging both the search for diverse knowledge and the diffusion of that knowledge across multinational corporation (MNC) operations. Empirical results from a comprehensive panel of US MNCs merged with the Derwent worldwide patent data reveal that foreign exploratory units with strong intra‐firm manufacturing outflows are more likely to include new‐to‐the‐MNC technology domains in their innovations and that these diverse innovations are more likely to diffuse out of units that have strong intra‐firm manufacturing outflows.Managerial SummaryAlthough foreign exploratory units can provide MNCs with opportunities to tap into diverse knowledge clusters to enhance the competitiveness of a firm, many studies report firm biases against new and unfamiliar knowledge that has been generated in foreign operations. This article explores the role that manufacturing linkages play in providing visible signals of local operation competencies to the rest of an MNC, helping to overcome biases against new and unproven technology domains and enabling foreign exploratory units to pursue diverse, local knowledge inputs and specialization for the MNC. The empirical results confirm that foreign exploratory units that manufacture inputs and products for other MNC operations are more likely to use new‐to‐the‐MNC technology domains in their innovations than foreign exploratory units without such linkages.

Spread The Seed to Win a Long Harvest

In an emerging technology sector, the generative value of inventions—its potential to spawn subsequent iterations and cumulative inventions—is crucial yet challenging to realize. This paper examines firm research publications as a novel mechanism for generative value creation in emerging technology sectors. Research publications, by broadcasting the firm’s research and attracting a diverse set of external follow-up inventions, exposes the focal inventing firm to a pool of distant, unfamiliar knowledge. In the meantime, the theoretical knowledge contained in these publications guides the focal firm to learn from and build on the distant knowledge contained in external follow-up inventions efficiently. To test these arguments, I collected data on U.S. publicly-traded, AI-active firms from 1995 to 2015. I tracked the cumulative innovation activities around these firms’ AI-related patents and the research publications associated with these patents. Analyses based on within-firm models show that, for a focal AI patent, same-firm publications not only increase the knowledge distance between the firm’s original knowledge pool and the incoming external follow-up inventions, but also enhance the volume and private value of the firm’s related, subsequent inventive efforts. This paper contributes to the literature on generative value of inventions, emerging technologies, and corporate publications.

THE PROJECT-BASED LEARNING FOR GEOMETRY DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

The changing system in the current learning process at all levels of education due to the coronavirus pandemic. This study aimed to conduct literature review on project-based online learning during the Covid-19 pandemic and the impact on policies toward home learning activities. A project-based online learning system offers many ways to access learning materials for teachers and students. Many online learning platforms and media can be accessed for free. Some of the free platforms that have proven effective for managing online learning include Google Classroom and Edmodo. At least 12 free online learning resource applications can be used during the Covid-19 pandemic, including Rumah Belajar, ICANDO, Meja Kita, Indonesia X, Kelas Pintar, Google for Education, Microsoft Office 365, Quipper, Ruang Guru, Zenius, Sekolahmu, and Cisco Webex. Some obstacles in implementing online learning include limitations of the Internet and unfamiliar knowledge of teachers and students about the application of online learning media. Therefore, more effort is needed to address these issues, starting with individuals, families, educational institutions, providers, and government services.

KGVQL: A knowledge graph visual query language with bidirectional transformations

With the rapid development of artificial intelligence, knowledge graphs have been widely recognized as a critical component in many AI techniques and systems. A complex knowledge graph may contain hundreds of millions of nodes and edges, thus is challenging for end-users to understand and query. In this paper, we present a knowledge graph interactive visual query language, KGVQL, to improve the efficiency of end-users’ understanding and querying of knowledge graphs. Furthermore, KGVQL realizes the novel capability of flexible bidirectional transformations between query graphs and query results, therefore significantly assisting end-users in constructing queries over large and unfamiliar knowledge graphs in an incremental way. We present the visual syntax of KGVQL, discuss our design rationale behind this interactive visual query language, and illustrate a number of case studies. We empirically evaluate the effectiveness of a visual query system based on KGVQL against a number of textual and visual query environments over a large knowledge graph, DBpedia. Our evaluation demonstrates the superiority of KGVQL in effectiveness and accuracy.

PEMBELAJARAN DARING BERBASIS PROJECT BASED LEARNING PADA MATERI BANGUN DATAR DI MASA PANDEMI COVID-19

There has been a change in the current learning system at all levels of education due to the coronavirus pandemic. This study aims to explore theoretically from bibliographic studies related to project-based learning during the Covid19 pandemic the impact on policies towards home learning activities. A bold learning system based on project-based learning that provides multiple ways to access learning materials for teachers and students. Many online learning platforms and media are available for free. Some free platforms that have been shown to be effective in solving learning difficulties include Google Classroom and Edmodo. There are at least 12 free online learning resource apps that can be used during the Covid19 pandemic, including Learning House, Icando, Desk Kita, Indonesia X, Smart Class, Google for Education, Microsoft Office 365, Quipper, Ruangguru, Zenius, Sekolahmu, and Cisco Webex. Several obstacles to the implementation of immersive learning include limitations of the internet and unfamiliar knowledge among teachers and students about the adoption of e-learning materials. Therefore, more effort is needed to address these issues starting with individuals, families, educational institutions, government providers and services. One learning approach that can be used to maximize daring learning is to adopt a learning project-based approach. This learning model gives students the opportunity to discuss concepts in depth, which can also improve their learning outcomes.

PEMBELAJARAN DARING BERBASIS PROJECT BASED LEARNING PADA MATERI BANGUN DATAR DI MASA PANDEMI COVID-19

There has been a change in the current learning system at all levels of education due to the coronavirus pandemic. This study aims to explore theoretically from bibliographic studies related to project-based learning during the Covid19 pandemic the impact on policies towards home learning activities. A bold learning system based on project-based learning that provides multiple ways to access learning materials for teachers and students. Many online learning platforms and media are available for free. Some free platforms that have been shown to be effective in solving learning difficulties include Google Classroom and Edmodo. There are at least 12 free online learning resource apps that can be used during the Covid19 pandemic, including Learning House, Icando, Desk Kita, Indonesia X, Smart Class, Google for Education, Microsoft Office 365, Quipper, Ruangguru, Zenius, Sekolahmu, and Cisco Webex. Several obstacles to the implementation of immersive learning include limitations of the internet and unfamiliar knowledge among teachers and students about the adoption of e-learning materials. Therefore, more effort is needed to address these issues starting with individuals, families, educational institutions, government providers and services. One learning approach that can be used to maximize daring learning is to adopt a learning project-based approach. This learning model gives students the opportunity to discuss concepts in depth, which can also improve their learning outcomes.

External Learning Strategies and Technological Search Output: Spinout Strategy and Corporate Invention Quality

The strategic management of knowledge spillovers to employee ventures may provide firms with knowledge spill-ins or the potential to learn from the ventures that they have spun out. However, the mechanisms underlying knowledge spill-ins and their importance for external learning in uncertain technology environments have not been examined in detail. This article compares corporate venturing (CV) spinouts that are supported by parent firms with independent employee spinouts as well as other strategies for external learning, such as investments and alliances. An analysis of the patenting activities of leading corporations operating in the information and communication technology industry reveals that, ceteris paribus, when firms recombine unfamiliar knowledge components developed by their CV spinouts, their inventions are associated with higher quality than comparable firms’ inventions that recombine knowledge from the firm’s corporate venture capital portfolio ventures, allies, or employee spinouts. This effect is especially pronounced when CV spinout inventors hold parent-specific technological expertise. The results are robust across several econometric specifications that account for selection and intrinsic differences in external learning strategies. Furthermore, the results indicate that CV spinouts benefit their parent firms by reducing uncertainty relative to other strategic formats for external learning in unfamiliar technological areas. The detailed theoretical and practical implications derived from this research reflect perspectives on technology strategy and corporate renewal.

Being too good for your own good: A stakeholder perspective on the differential effect of firm‐employee relationships on innovation search

Research Summary:A firm's stakeholder orientation toward its employees is argued to be beneficial for firm outcomes. However, this orientation may also have disparate impacts on particular behaviors and outcomes, such as local versus distant search, which impose contradictory firm requirements. We find that while a strong firm–employee relationship leads to increasingly higher levels of local search (exploitation), it also leads to increasingly lower levels of distant search (exploration). In additional supplementary analyses, we find similar disparate effects on the productivity of innovation and its market value, as well as a moderating effect of the firm's relationship with other stakeholders which exacerbates both the positive and negative impacts of firm–employee relationships. We discuss the implications of these findings for both the innovation and the instrumental stakeholder literatures.Managerial Summary:Motivating employees toward generating new ideas and innovations is an important challenge for most firms. Establishing the firm as a trustful and good partner for employees may engender in them the commitment and willingness to invest in such activities. However, questions remain as to how “well” the firm should “treat” its employees, and the potential adverse consequences from over‐investing in such relationships. This paper examines these important practical questions and finds that establishing strong relationships with employees can be simultaneously beneficial and harmful for the firm depending on the type of new ideas it seeks. We find that such strong relationships helps with motivating employees to build on and perfect existing knowledge, but is harmful with respect to bringing in new and unfamiliar knowledge.

Development of an Academic Course in Person-Centred Care for Students in Higher Education: Teachers’ Perspectives

Few studies describe the development of academic courses with interprofessional perspectives. Therefore, the aim of this study was to describe teachers’ experiences with developing an academic course in person-centred care (PCC). Data collection was divided into three parts: (1) written material/documentation describing the process (text and pictures, 16 meetings), (2) SWOT analysis in relation to being a lecturer (n=7), and (3) interviews with the lecturers (n=4). The data were analysed using mixed methods, descriptive statistics (1) and qualitative content analysis (2-3). The results are presented in three categories (Co-creating a pilot course, Challenges of managing unfamiliar knowledge, and Wanting to understand new educational approach). This study highlights three challenges: (1) unfamiliarity with the field of person-centred care and selected educational activities and teaching skills; (2) unfamiliar colleagues, which delayed partnership efforts; and (3) limited experience working with other lecturers in light of the institute’s structure and routines. However, these challenges served as both barriers and facilitators; the lecturers developed knowledge and experiences from collaborations (educational and/or content skills/knowledge) focusing on resources and skills.

Establishment and verification of risk assessment scale for clinical safety medication of aconitine

Chinese patent medicine containing aconitine is the key in clinical rational drug use. These drugs contain Chuanwu, Caowu or Fuzi, and Aconitum brachypodum with functions of expelling wind-dampness or tonifying Yang, all of which shall be used by strictly following the indications and dosage. However, there are many kinds of such drugs. Not only the unfamiliar knowledge of some Chinese and Western physicians about the characteristics of them, but also the combination of multiple drugs from different clinical departments, would increase the risk of aconitine poisoning. Based on the previous research, this paper proposed three core elements "syndrome differentiation-dosage differentiation-toxicity differentiation" from the prescription review and pharmacy consulting work, and objective and standardized evaluation was used to build a risk assessment scale containing 3 categories, 9 items and 36 indicators with Hulisan Jiaonang and Qufeng Zhitong Jiaonang as the example. This scale was used to evaluate the risk of a therapeutic regimen before and after the implementation. According to the verification of the existing adverse reaction cases, the risk assessment scale can be used to indicate the risk of drug treatment program and identify the risk level of drug treatment status. This paper tried to provide a methodological paradigm for scientific and objective evaluation on the safety of Chinese patent medicines, and help to identify the key links and risk prevention in the rational use by Chinese medicine physicians and pharmacists.

ORGANIZATIONAL AMBIDEXTERITY AT INTRA-NPD LEVEL OF ANALYSIS WITH QUALITY –INNOVATION MATRIX

Organizational ambidexterity refers to the firm’s capacity to simultaneously exploit existing product offerings with familiar knowledge, and explore new product opportunities with unfamiliar knowledge. Due to this definition, ambidexterity has been commonly studied at inter-new product development (NPD) level. As such, studies at the intra-NPD (in a single NPD) are still rare. Although both exploitative and explorative are critical capabilities for NPDs, with limited resources at hands, most firms will have to do a trade-off between them. As a result, while some firms preferred exploitative NPD, some others have adventured into explorative NPD. Therefore, a single NPDproject is the feasible option to most firms at any one time. Although quality is the focus inexploitative NPD, while innovation is the emphasisinexplorative NPD, both are imperative to any types of NPD. Thus, it was suggested firm that is capable of creating balance between quality and innovation in a single NPDwill be more successful than the others at sustaining competitive advantage. However, creating a balance between quality and innovationin a single NPDis a challenging effort. As a result, this article proposed a quality-innovation (Q-I) matrix to demonstrate the concept of organizational ambidexterity for creating balance between quality and innovation in a single NPD. The Q-I matrix will enhance our understanding on the concept of organizational ambidexterity at intra-NPD level, which is still rarely studied in contrast to the inter-NPD level of analysis.

Multiplicative-innovation synergies: tests in technological acquisitions

Technological innovations enjoy synergies that vary in their speed and magnitude of impact, depending upon whether they are additive or multiplicative in nature. Additive-innovation synergies build incrementally on familiar technologies (as is reflected in the technologies built upon within their patents’ respective antecedents) and the duration of their effect is shorter-lived. Multiplicative-innovation synergies arise from combining greater proportions of diverse technologies and their effects have longer duration. The most-effective organizational-learning processes accompanying exposure to exotic technology streams via technological acquisition will occur if firms have properly invested in adaptive capacity to synthesize inventions using the unfamiliar knowledge. In the first tests of innovation synergies on firm performance, we find that technological novelty in patent content improves return on assets for firms that consistently invested in R&D. Using patent-content scores to characterize whether inventors have integrated greater proportions of exotic technological antecedents into their inventions (or not), we test the impact of innovation synergies on firms’ performance after technological acquisitions. Diversification posture (which could be an alternative explanation for performance differences) is negatively-correlated with innovation synergies in our results.

Customer Co-Creation and Exploration of Emerging Technologies: The Mediating Role of Managerial Attention and Initiatives

Prior research has emphasized the importance of organizational focus on exploratory behavior in response to the emergence of a revolutionary core technology and the associated uncertainties. The question of why some organizations are more successful than others at realizing and reacting to such a need has not yet been fully addressed. In particular, empirical evidence on the effects of customer orientation on the effectiveness of organizational responses to major technological changes is somewhat mixed. We develop and test a theoretical argument in which we emphasize an indirect link between customer involvement in innovation processes and exploratory behavior in emerging technology fields. In so doing, first we illustrate the part played by two managerial factors — attention to the technology and the introduction of non-routine organizational adaptations — in enabling exploratory activities such as experimentation and search for unfamiliar knowledge in a new technology field. Second, we discuss how customer co-creation contributes to both of these managerial factors and, consequently, indirectly stimulates exploratory behavior in these conditions. We provide empirical support for our related theoretical framework by means of six case studies and a survey among 131 companies that were adopting a similar emerging technology; i.e., Cloud computing.

A little less conversation; a little more (relational) action please. A fictional dialogue of integrating theory into coaching practice

This paper presents a fictional dialogue that supports the application of theory in coaching pedagogy. The “constraints led approach” (CLA) is promoted throughout in conversation form, providing pedagogic solutions in response to the decaying performance levels of a fictitious football team. This deterioration is linked to “poor” coaching and the merits of a more innovative pedagogy through a discussion between “manager” and “coach” are presented. Recommendations are made with particular reference to developing games players, who are skilful, perceptive and intelligent, through being able to initiate and modify actions in dynamic contexts. Through substantiating a platform for both changing perceptions about coaching practice and challenging assumptions about learning, such accessibility to unfamiliar knowledge(s) can allow coaches to clearly consider possibilities for change. It is further suggested that through embracing the use of novel methodologies to consider unfamiliar theoretical territory, this demonstrates a responsibility to close and not widen a theory-practice gap. By presenting Mark (coach) as “theoretical negotiator”, this paper emphasises the potency of experimenting with nuanced methods that can be part of an academic process to help shape more theoretically literate coaches.

Collaboratively reframing mental health for integration of HIV care in Ethiopia.

Integrating mental health with general medical care can increase access to mental health services, but requires helping generalists acquire a range of unfamiliar knowledge and master potentially complex diagnostic and treatment processes. We describe a model for integrating complex specialty care with generalist/primary care, using as an illustration the integration of mental health into hospital-based HIV treatment services in Ethiopia. Generalists and specialists collaboratively developed mental health treatments to fit the knowledge, skills and resources of the generalists. The model recognizes commonalities between mental health and general medical care, focusing on practical interventions acceptable to patients. It was developed through a process of literature review, interviews, observing clinical practice, pilot trainings and expert consultation. Preliminary evaluation results were obtained by debriefing generalist trainees after their return to their clinical sites. In planning interviews, generalists reported discomfort making mental health diagnoses but recognition of symptom groups including low mood, anxiety, thought problems, poor child behaviour, seizures and substance use. Diagnostic and treatment algorithms were developed for these groups and tailored to the setting by including possible medical causes and burdens of living with HIV. First-line treatment included modalities familiar to generalists: empathetic patient-provider interactions, psychoeducation, cognitive reframing, referral to community supports and elements of symptom-specific evidence-informed counselling. Training introduced basic skills, with evolving expertise supported by job aides and ongoing support from mental health nurses cross-trained in HIV testing. Feedback from trainees suggested the programme fit well with generalists' settings and clinical goals. An integration model based on collaboratively developing processes that fit the generalist setting shows promise as a method for incorporating complex, multi-faceted interventions into general medical settings. Formal evaluations will be needed to compare the quality of care provided with more traditional approaches and to determine the resources required to sustain quality over time.

When do firms rely on their knowledge spillover recipients for guidance in exploring unfamiliar knowledge?

Knowledge spillover occurs when recipient firms combine the knowledge of an originating firm with other knowledge. When recipient firms combine the originating firm's knowledge with knowledge that is unfamiliar to the originating firm, the recipient firms potentially provide insight to the originating firm on the viability of exploring such knowledge. By mimicking its recipient firms, the originating firm reduces the challenge and uncertainty of exploring unfamiliar knowledge domains. We examine the exploration activities of 87 telecommunications equipment manufacturers over a ten-year time period. We argue that those firms that operate in competitive and dynamic market environments promoting conservative risk-taking behavior will value such uncertainty reduction more highly and thus rely to a greater extent on their recipient firms for guidance on where to explore for new expertise. In contrast, firms in high-growth market environments are more likely to look beyond the activities of recipient firms when exploring new technological domains and rely less on mimicking their recipient firms.