Uneven Weight Distribution Research Articles

Global probability distribution structure-sparsity filter pruning for edge fault diagnosis in resource constrained wireless sensor networks

In this paper, a global probability distribution structure-sparsity filter pruning is proposed to address the problem of difficult deployment of diagnostic models in resource constrained wireless sensor networks (WSNs) for edge fault diagnosis. Firstly, local and global weight distributions are analyzed. A global probability distribution weight sparsity method is proposed to obtain the global sparse boundary and the important features of the model. Secondly, according to the distribution of weight amplitude, the problem of uneven weight distribution is disclosed. A computational acceleration sensing method is proposed to reduce the high computational cost caused by small weight amplitude with low importance estimation. Moreover, a novel layer filter clustering pruning scheme is proposed. The intra-layer filters are classified and redundant filters are removed by using the clustering idea according to the predetermined pruning rate. Thus, the structure-sparsity filter pruning is realized. Compared with other advanced filter pruning methods, the proposed method analyzes the global and local model weight distribution and the influence of weight importance on the computational complexity of the model. The proposed method then performs filter pruning on the importance of overall filters for each network layer rather than individual filters. The accuracy of the proposed method on experimental dataset for pruned ResNet8 model under pruning rate at 0.95 is 99.12% with 3.668K parameters and 3.636MFLOPs. The experimental results elucidate that the proposed method is more suitable for deployment in resource-constrained WSNs for fault diagnosis of rotating machinery. This provides a potential solution for practical engineering applications.

Action observation facilitates anticipatory control of grasp for object mass but not weight distribution

Action observation has been shown to facilitate the performance of the observer and is being increasingly used as a rehabilitation tool following neurological damage. During object manipulation, visual observation of performance is suggested to enable the updating of the sensorimotor representations of object properties. Here, through 3 experiments, we examine the effect of action observation of a novel object on the updating of object mass and weight distribution for bimanual manipulation. For each experiment, naïve participants were allocated into pairs and assigned as the “performer” or “observer”. For experiments 1 and 2, observers sat opposite the performers. For experiment 3, observers stood behind the performer. The pairs observed and lifted either i) a light or heavy box in experiment 1, or ii) a box with a left or right uneven center of mass in experiments 2 and 3. Our results showed that action observation facilitated the updating of object mass information but not information about weight distribution. Specifically, observers of the heavy box subsequently applied larger forces and force rates in accord with the mass of the box. In contrast, both performers and observers of the uneven box had large peak rolls. We suggest that this shows the robustness of observation in facilitating an understanding of object mass while highlighting the complexity of manipulating an object with uneven weight distribution.

Vertical Tire Forces Estimation of Multi-Axle Trucks Based on an Adaptive Treble Extend Kalman Filter

Vertical tire forces are essential for vehicle modelling and dynamic control. However, an evaluation of the vertical tire forces on a multi-axle truck is difficult to accomplish. The current methods require a large amount of experimental data and many sensors owing to the wide variation of the parameters and the over-constraint. To simplify the design process and reduce the demand of the sensors, this paper presents a practical approach to estimating the vertical tire forces of a multi-axle truck for dynamic control. The estimation system is based on a novel vertical force model and a proposed adaptive treble extend Kalman filter (ATEKF). To adapt to the widely varying parameters, a sliding mode update is designed to make the ATEKF adaptive, and together with the use of an initial setting update and a vertical tire force adjustment, the overall system becomes more robust. In particular, the model aims to eliminate the effects of the over-constraint and the uneven weight distribution. The results show that the ATEKF method achieves an excellent performance in a vertical force evaluation, and its performance is better than that of the treble extend Kalman filter.

Wearing comfort and perceived heaviness of smart glasses

AbstractSmart glasses require additional structures to perform smart functions, which increases their weight and results in an uneven weight distribution. Excessive weight increase and weight balance issues could cause discomfort; thus, guidelines regarding the appropriate weight profile of smart glasses are needed. The aim of this study is to propose an acceptable weight for smart glasses to ensure user comfort. We derived the main form factors of smart glasses and designed a prototype based on face and head dimensions using a Korean anthropometric database. A total of 78 participants were asked to complete questionnaires related to wearing comfort, perceived heaviness, and sensory threshold. The relationship between wearing comfort and perceived heaviness was analyzed through correlation analysis, and regression analyses were performed to identify the threshold levels. As the weight of the prototype increased, the perceived heaviness score also increased. Perceived heaviness was negatively correlated with wearing comfort (p < .001, r = −.838). The regression analyses revealed that 39.13 g (R 2 = .897) and ±14.16 g (R 2 = .942) were the threshold levels for the perception of weight increase and weight balance difference, respectively. This study contributes to the design of smart glasses based on anthropometric data and makes recommendations regarding the weight profile of smart glasses. The findings are expected to help developers and researchers design more comfortable smart glasses and establish design guidelines for smart glasses.

Intermittent fasting with a high-protein diet mitigated osteoarthritis symptoms by increasing lean body mass and reducing inflammation in osteoarthritic rats with Alzheimer's disease-like dementia.

Menopausal women are susceptible to osteoarthritis(OA) and memory impairment. We hypothesised that Alzheimer's-like disease(AD) exacerbates OA and that intermittent fasting(IMF) with a high-protein(H-P) diet would enhance memory function and relieve OA symptoms in oestrogen-deficient animals induced AD and OA. The action mechanism was also explored. Ovariectomised Sprague-Dawley rats were fed high-fat(H-F) or H-P diets for 2 weeks, and then they had a hippocampal infusion of β-amyloid(25-35) for 4 weeks to induce AD and an injection of monoidoacetate(MIA) into the articular cartilage to induce OA. Non-AD groups had non-AD symptoms by hippocampal amyloid-β(35-25) infusion. IMF suppressed memory impairment in AD rats, especially those fed H-P diets. Compared with non-AD, AD exacerbated OA symptoms, including swelling, limping, slowed treadmill running speed, and uneven weight distribution in the left leg. The exacerbations were linked to increased inflammation and pain, but IMF and H-P lessened the exacerbation. Lean body mass(LBM) decreased with AD, but H-P protected against LBM loss. Histological examination of the knee joint revealed the degree of the cellular invasion into the middle zone, and the changes in the tidemark plateau were greatest in the AD-AL with H-F, while non-AD-IMF improved the cellular invasion to as much as non-AD-AL. H-P reduced the infiltration into the middle zone of the knee and promoted collagen production. In conclusion, AD exacerbated the articular cartilage deterioration and memory impairment, and IMF with H-P alleviated the memory impairment and osteoarthritic symptoms by decreasing hippocampal amyloid-β deposition and proinflammatory cytokine expressions and by increasing LBM.

Comprehensive Evaluation of Power Grid Security and Benefit Based on BWM Entropy Weight TOPSIS Method

With the gradual integration of various forms of energy, the energy utilization rate has increased and it also brings great challenges to grid evaluation. Therefore, the use of scientific and reasonable comprehensive evaluation method can provide effective help for the development of power grid. In order to solve the problem that the traditional single evaluation method is used in the comprehensive evaluation of power grid, resulting in too strong subjective awareness and lack of evaluation of the objective original data itself and uneven weight distribution, this paper proposes that Nash equilibrium solution is introduced into BWM entropy weight as the goal of coordination and optimization. In the method, the comprehensive weight is calculated, and the distance between the selected scheme and the ideal scheme is sorted by TOPSIS. This method combines all the information of objective data to balance the subjective and objective weight. Through this method, 16 indicators of safety and benefit in 25 provinces in 2017 of State Grid Economic Research Institute are analyzed, and the feasibility of this method is verified.

Sacroiliitis in cancer patients: a review of current literature.

The sacroiliac (SI) joint can be directly jeopardized by malignancy and indirectly by ergonomic changes of pelvic obliquity that introduces uneven weight distribution. Cancer treatment can exacerbate preexisting arthritis and cause diffuse arthropathies, but these are unlikely to be isolated to the SI joint. The cancer population is exposed to unique stressors that might facilitate development of SI joint pain that includes cancer itself and therapy-related complications. Like the general population, cancer patients are subject to aging and BMI and musculoskeletal structural changes that affect symmetric body functioning and posturing. No frank association between sacroiliitis and cancer has been identified. Therefore, we believe there is a need to characterize any relationship between cancer and SI joint dysfunction and pain.

The uneven weight distribution between predators and prey: Comparing gut fill between terrestrial herbivores and carnivores

The general observation that secondary consumers ingest highly digestible food and have simple short guts and small abdominal cavities intuitively results in the assumption that mammalian carnivores carry less digesta in their gut compared to herbivores. Due to logistic constraints, this assumption has not been tested quantitatively so far. In this contribution, we estimated the dry matter gut contents (DMC) for 25 species of the order Carnivora (including two strictly herbivorous ones, the giant and the red panda) using the physical ‘Occupancy Principle’, based on a literature data collection on dry matter intake (DMI), apparent dry matter digestibility (aD DM) and retention time (RT), and compared the results to an existing collection for herbivores. Scaling exponents with body mass (BM) for both carnivores and herbivores were in the same range with DMI ~ BM0.75; aD DM ~ BM0; RT ~ BM0.11 and DMC ~ BM0.88. The trophic level (carnivore vs herbivore) significantly affected all digestive physiology parameters except for RT. Numerically, the carnivore DMI level reached 77%, the RT 32% and DMC only 29% of the corresponding herbivore values, whereas the herbivore aD DM only reached 82% of that of carnivores. Thus, we quantitatively show that carnivores carry less inert mass or gut content compared to herbivores, which putatively benefits them in predator-prey interactions and might have contributed to the evolution towards unguligradism in herbivores. As expected, the two panda species appeared as outliers in the dataset with low aD DM and RT for a herbivore but extremely high DMI values, resulting in DMC in the lower part of the herbivore range. Whereas the difference in DMI and DMC scaling in herbivores might allow larger herbivores to compensate for lower diet quality by ingesting more, this difference may allow larger carnivores not to go for less digestible prey parts, but mainly to increase meal intervals, i.e. not having to hunt on a daily basis.

Two-Stage Guidance Control Scheme for High- Precision Straight-Line Navigation of a Four- Wheeled Planting Robot in a Greenhouse

Although agricultural robots are intended to move in straight lines in fields, they may yaw off the track because of tire slippage, surface unevenness, uneven weight distribution, or other factors. Many position-guiding technologies have been developed for agricultural robots, but their high costs have resulted in limited real-world use. Moreover, the use of large farming machinery in conjunction with the enormous tractors that are used to perform farm work can result in the destruction of cultivated land. This article presents the design and implementation of a low-cost planting robot with the capability of high-precision straight-line navigation. A two-stage guidance control scheme is proposed to regulate the robot‘s heading angle and minimize the lateral error in straigh

A Mounting Support Construction for a Paper-Caché Bust

Abstract This paper focusses on the causes for damage to a paper-caché bust (Property Staatliches Museum Schwerin, Germany) and strategies for prevention of future damage by the implementation of a new mounting support system. The bust of Friedrich Wilhelm II was created in the late eighteenth century in Ludwigslust (Germany) and is made of up to 40 layers of paper bound with thin starch paste. The bust itself, the base and the connecting cardboard tube were separated, and some parts were severely deformed. In order to re-connect the three main parts, to support fragile areas, to reduce stress induced by uneven weight distribution and to be able to safely move the sculpture, a new mounting support was designed. Being inserted into the inside of the bust, the structure is invisible and does not interfere with the visual effect of the sculpture.

Analysis of the results of mathematical modeling of curvilinear motion of three-axle all-wheel drive vehicle with locked interaxle drive

The paper presents the results of mathematical modeling of curvilinear motion of a triaxial allwheel drive automobile "Gidrohod-49061" with the full-flow without the use of automatic adaptive control system with locked interaxle drive and symmetrical turn of steering wheels of front and rear axles. In this case, the authors analyze the impact of uneven weight distribution of the car between its axles on the parameters characterizing the performance of the drive wheels and hydraulic drives included in the hydrostatic transmission

Effect of armor and carrying load on body balance and leg muscle function

This study investigated the impact of weight and weight distribution of body armor and load carriage on static body balance and leg muscle function. A series of human performance tests were conducted with seven male, healthy, right-handed military students in seven garment conditions with varying weight and weight distributions. Static body balance was assessed by analyzing the trajectory of center of plantar pressure and symmetry of weight bearing in the feet. Leg muscle functions were assessed by analyzing the peak electromyography amplitude of four selected leg muscles during walking. Results of this study showed that uneven weight distribution of garment and load beyond an additional 9kg impaired static body balance as evidenced by increased sway of center of plantar pressure and asymmetry of weight bearing in the feet. Added weight on non-dominant side of the body created greater impediment to static balance. Increased garment weight also elevated peak EMG amplitude in the rectus femoris to maintain body balance and in the medial gastrocnemius to increase propulsive force. Negative impacts on balance and leg muscle function with increased carrying loads, particularly with an uneven weight distribution, should be stressed to soldiers, designers, and sports enthusiasts.

Poster 19: Asymmetries in Weight Bearing Measured in Healthy Persons

Objective: To determine the degree of weight-bearing asymmetry in healthy control subjects, who are often used for comparisons in rehabilitation research. Design: Subjects were tested on an oscillating platform. Setting: Balance rehabilitation research laboratory. Participants: 12 healthy subjects with no balance disorder. Intervention: 3 oscillation trials at 1.25Hz with a 6-cm peak amplitude and eyes open. Main Outcome Measures: Vertical ground reaction force under each foot. Asymmetry index, which was used to assess degree of uneven weight distribution on the feet. Results: More than a third of the trials (39%) showed an uneven weight distribution (asymmetry index<−0.1) between feet. Some subjects averaged nearly 100N more weight on 1 side than the other. This would lead to under- or overestimation of joint forces and moments, and therefore incorrect baseline values for comparison with injured populations. Conclusions: While not as asymmetric as stroke patients, healthy controls demonstrated a significant amount of asymmetry in weight bearing. This finding seems important to consider when interpreting rehabilitation weight-bearing activities.

Weight distribution in the sitting position in patients with paralytic scoliosis: pre- and postoperative evaluation

Patients with paralytic scoliosis spend most of their time in the sitting position. The spinal deformity, pelvic obliquity and uneven weight distribution on the seating surface necessitates frequent seating adaptations in the wheelchair. In this prospective study, 45 wheelchair-bound patients were evaluated preoperatively and 43 postoperatively. The pre- and postoperative evaluation was done by an independent observer. Surgical correction was performed between 1993 and 1996. Assessments included sitting balance on a box; number of seating supports in the wheelchair; weight distribution on the seating surface, measured with a computerized EMED system; Cobb angle; hip dislocation; mediolateral translation of T1 and of the apex vertebra with reference to a perpendicular line drawn upwards from the spinal process of S1; and pelvic obliquity from a line drawn between the most proximal points in the iliac crests. X-rays for the measurement of Cobb angle and pelvic obliquity were performed in sitting position. Reference values for normal weight distribution on the seating surface were obtained for 27 normal subjects and revealed a mean value of 59% of weight supported on one side. A stepwise regression analysis on the preoperative results showed that pelvic obliquity and thoracolumbar/lumbar spinal imbalance explained weight distribution on the seating surface (R(2)=0.45). There were significant improvements in all variables except in sitting balance and imbalance of T1, 1 year postoperatively. When dividing the material into two subgroups, the results showed no significant difference in any of the assessed parameters of the scoliosis, pelvic obliquity, or sitting position between individuals with even (50-59% on one side) and those with uneven (60-100% on one side) weight distribution postoperatively. The results of the assessment showed a significant improvement after surgical correction, but the majority still had pelvic obliquity and uneven weight distribution in a sitting position. The weight distribution on the seating surface preoperatively was explained by thoracolumbar/lumbar spinal imbalance and pelvic obliquity, with R(2)= 0.45. There were no significant differences in any variables in comparisons between individuals with even weight distribution and those with uneven weight distribution. For the group with even weight distribution, however, the mean pelvic obliquity was 6 degrees and in the group with uneven weight distribution the mean pelvic obliquity was 12 degrees. Attention to seating surface and adjustment of seating position is needed for patients with paralytic scoliosis.

Shake table tests of an industrial building

Shake table tests are conducted on a scaled frame model of an industrial building, which has irregular story heights, different beam span lengths, and uneven weight distribution. Its elastic and inelastic responses are observed under simulated earthquakes. The test results are used to verify the validity of a computer response analysis, which is based on the plastic hinge model of flexural members and a hysteresis rule for brace members. Additionally, the load effects derived from the test results are discussed comparing with the equivalent static load method in the design practice.