Uneven Curvature Research Articles

PREVALENSI KEJADIAN ASTIGMATISME (MATA SILINDER) PADA MAHASISWA UNIVERSITAS MA CHUNG MALANG PADA BULAN JULI TAHUN 2024 Prevalence Of Astigmatism (Cylinder Eye) In Students Of Ma Chung University Malang In July 2024

Astigmatism is a refractive disorder caused by uneven curvature of the cornea or lens, causing light not to focus on the retina. This study aims to measure the prevalence of astigmatism among students at Ma Chung University and identify the relationship between the duration and position of gadget use with astigmatism. The study method used a cross-sectional design involving 125 students aged 17–24 years. Data were collected through questionnaires and eye examinations using a Snellen chart and keratometer. The results showed that 38.4% of students had astigmatism. Most students (96.8%) used gadgets for more than 2 hours a day, and 91.2% used gadgets in a lying position. Using gadgets in this position and for long durations increases the risk of astigmatism. The conclusion of this study is that astigmatism is a significant problem among students. Implementation of the 20-20-20 rule and increasing outdoor activities are recommended for prevention. Routine eye examinations are also needed so that disorders can be detected and treated early.

Expanding the mechanical and mass-transport combination for bone scaffolds: Through stretched structure

Optimizing the mechanical and mass-transport properties of porous biomaterials simultaneously can be challenging, as they often correspond one-to-one through structure. For instance, increasing permeability by reducing relative density frequently leads to lower mechanical properties. In this study, we introduced a stretched structure to optimize the two properties simultaneously. Initially, the stretched scaffolds were evaluated at the same porosity, revealing that the elastic modulus and permeability of the stretched scaffold are approximately twice that of the original type. Subsequently, the orientation dependence of these properties was investigated. The results suggest that the stiffness of the stretched structure in the width direction is compromised, aligning with the mechanical properties of cortical bone in shaft bones. The permeability of the stretched structure exhibits significant anisotropy, with values much higher than those of original structure. Moreover, our biological experiments demonstrate that extremely stretched structures exhibit low and uneven curvature, potentially impeding cell growth. Hence, striking a balance between curvature and the stretching method employed is crucial. The stretching method can also be applied to other strut-based structures, enabling greater design flexibility in achieving a desirable mechanical and mass-transport combination, providing a foundation for high-performance artificial bone prostheses.

Joint Analysis of InSAR, ERT, and in-Situ Geological Survey in Landslide Prone Area: A Case in Laeya Village, North Buton Regency, Indonesia

Landslide investigation in Laeya Village of North Buton Regency, Indonesia, is necessary since this area is frequently experiencing landslides. In this study, we applied a joint analysis of interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR), electrical resistivity tomography (ERT), and in-situ geology observation. The objectives of this multidisciplinary study are: a) to estimate ground deformation through the InSAR method, b) estimation of subsurface characteristics based on the electrical resistivity of rocks, as well as estimation of the shape of the slip plane and the type of landslide that resulted; and c) to identify the surface geology conditions of the site from an in-situ geology survey. The InSAR data of the Sentinel-1A acquired from 2015 to 2017 were processed using the Sentinel toolbox. The resistivity data collected utilizing the electrodes array of the Wenner-Schlumberger configuration were processed employing the RES2DINV. The in-situ geology survey involving the observation of elevation, slope, and soil and rock type was also carried out in the landslide area. The InSAR method may estimate the deformation of slope material of the investigated sites with a magnitude ranging from -53 mm to +55 mm. The negative mark of the magnitude means that the ground deformation is ground subsidence and the positive means ground uplift. The ERT method has successfully estimated the existence of the saturated zones, the clay layer that acts as a slip plane, and the slip surface type. There are at least two types of slip planes estimated, namely the planar and uneven curvature slip planes that generate the translational and the complex landslides, respectively. In-situ observations of geological conditions support the results obtained from the InSAR and ERT methods.

CBFNet: Constraint balance factor for semantic segmentation

The deep neural network model based on spatial pyramid pooling for multi-scale context information has been widely adopted in image semantic segmentation. However, this structure reduces the feature resolution during the inference process, which should be recovered by bilinear interpolation. We find that the performance of boundary location heavily depends on the interpolation operation. Assuming that the foreground object has a boundary with uneven curvature changes, it will be difficult to preserve details in the lower resolution feature map. In this case, if the model achieves near-optimal fitting, the prediction of the boundary point needs to satisfy strict constraints. But this condition is very difficult to meet for the model. For this purpose, we propose a constraint balance factor (CBF) relaxation method to improve the fitting ability of the model. The constraint balance factor is learned end-to-end by a sub-network. This sub-network can be easily embedded into a semantic segmentation network that requires interpolation without too many extra parameter increments. The experimental results illustrate that the proposed CBFNet performs well on PASCAL VOC 2012 and Cityscapes datasets.

Body mass index and waist circumference in early adulthood are associated with thoracolumbar spine shape at age 60-64: The Medical Research Council National Survey of Health and Development.

This study investigated associations between measures of adiposity from age 36 and spine shape at 60–64 years. Thoracolumbar spine shape was characterised using statistical shape modelling on lateral dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry images of the spine from 1529 participants of the MRC National Survey of Health and Development, acquired at age 60–64. Associations of spine shape modes with: 1) contemporaneous measures of total and central adiposity (body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC)) and body composition (android:gynoid fat mass ratio and lean and fat mass indices, calculated as whole body (excluding the head) lean or fat mass (kg) divided by height2 (m)2); 2) changes in total and central adiposity between age 36 and 60–64 and 3) age at onset of overweight, were tested using linear regression models. Four modes described 79% of the total variance in spine shape. In men, greater lean mass index was associated with a larger lordosis whereas greater fat mass index was associated with straighter spines. Greater current BMI was associated with a more uneven curvature in men and with larger anterior-posterior (a-p) vertebral diameters in both sexes. Greater WC and fat mass index were also associated with a-p diameter in both sexes. There was no clear evidence that gains in BMI and WC during earlier stages of adulthood were associated with spine shape but younger onset of overweight was associated with a more uneven spine and greater a-p diameter. In conclusion, sagittal spine shapes had different associations with total and central adiposity; earlier onset of overweight and prior measures of WC were particularly important.

An Optically Driven Bistable Janus Rotor with Patterned Metal Coatings

Bistable rotation is realized for a gold-coated Janus colloidal particle in an infrared optical trap. The metal coating on the Janus particles are patterned by sputtering gold on a monolayer of closely packed polystyrene particles. The Janus particle is observed to stably rotate in an optical trap. Both the direction and the rate of rotation can be experimentally controlled. Numerical calculations reveal that the bistable rotation is the result of spontaneous symmetry breaking induced by the uneven curvature of the coating patterns on the Janus sphere. Our results thus provide a simple method to construct large quantities of fully functional rotary motors for nano- or microdevices.

Application of the 3D multi-block CST method to hypersonic aircraft optimization

Applying a parameterization technique with fewer parameters and high fidelity improves the efficiency and accuracy of aerodynamic shape optimization. The class and shape transformation (CST) method is concise and efficient. Nevertheless, it is difficult to parameterize complex vehicle configurations using a unified CST method. This article presents a multi-block CST method after analyzing the mathematical description of the method, and this method joins adjacent surfaces smoothly and retains the good properties of the CST method. Modeling cases indicate that the multi-block CST method can reduce the number of design variables used to represent surfaces with uneven curvature distributions and can smoothly model various classes of surfaces. A system of aerodynamic shape optimization is developed based on the multi-block CST method, Pareto genetic algorithms and hypersonic aerodynamic engineering analysis, and the aerodynamic characteristics of a quasi-waverider wing-body vehicle are improved significantly after optimization. A novel configuration is also created using the optimization system. The optimization results indicate that the multi-block CST method, which involves fewer design variables and yields higher fidelity, is a powerful tool for aerodynamic shape optimization.

An Improved Hole-filling Technology Based on MLS

Hole-fllling is a common problem in 3D laser-scanner technology. To solve this problem, we propose an advanced MLS based triangulation algorithm to detect and flll holes, achieving better efiect on curve with uneven curvature. Experimental results demonstrate that our method performs quite well in matching to the original objects.

Cholesterol Induces Uneven Curvature of Asymmetric Lipid Bilayers

A remarkable flexibility is observed in biological membranes, which allows them to form the structures of different curvatures. We addressed the question of intrinsic ability of phospholipid membranes to form highly curved structures and the role of cholesterol in this process. The distribution of cholesterol in the highly curved asymmetric DOPC/DOPS lipid bilayer was investigated by the coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations in the membrane patches with large aspect ratio. It is shown that cholesterol induces uneven membrane curvature promoting the formation of extended flattened regions of the membrane interleaved by sharp bends. It is shown that the affinity of cholesterol to anionic DOPS or neutral DOPC lipids is curvature dependent. The cholesterol prefers DOPS to DOPC in either planar or highly curved parts of the membrane. In contrast, in the narrow interval of moderate membrane curvatures this preference is inverted. Our data suggest that there is a complex self-consistent interplay between the membrane curvature and cholesterol distribution in the asymmetric lipid bilayers. The suggested new function of cholesterol may have a biological relevance.

Long-term results of nail fusion plasty of the duplicated thumb

We report the long-term results of nail fusion plasty in eight duplicated thumbs. These eight cases were hypoplastic, with nails less than 80% the size of that on the normal side. We operated on these duplicated thumbs using a technique that we developed. We evaluated postoperative nail shape in our series using both our and Tada's scoring systems. The average follow-up period was 12 years. Excellent results were obtained in six cases, with natural-looking nails and even curvature. One case showed acceptable results. Only one case had uneven curvature and a gap in the nail. To reconstruct a natural-looking nail, it is important to correctly design and suture together two nails under no tension. To obtain one nail with even curvature, bones are left floating so that the nail can grow with a natural transverse curve without interference. This technique yielded promising results on long-term follow-up.