Uneven Changes Research Articles

Uneven changes in air and crown temperatures associated with snowpack changes affect the phenology of overwintering cereals

Time series analysis of overwintering cereals in snowy areas has revealed several phenological patterns associated with climate changes in winter. Herein, to investigate the recent effect of climatic variations on overwintering cereals, we investigated the phenology over multiple decades at three snowy region sites with an air temperature (Tair) increase trend of 0.48–1.09 °C/decade. Our findings were as follows: heading trends differed within the same cultivar at different sites; phenology was promoted with increasing temperatures in cooler regions and decreasing snow duration in regions with heavy snow; crown temperature (Tcrown) was a more direct determinant than Tair in phenology estimation model in regions with heavy snow. A thermal gap of more than a few degrees Celsius between Tair and Tcrown, owing to the insulation effect of snowpack, affected the phenology of overwintering cereals. A shorter snow cover period promoted phenology in locations with temperatures >0 °C. Subsequently, we found that when the thermal gap was >0 °C of the growing temperature range, Tcrown directly helped determine the phenology of overwintering cereals, and irrespective of the warming trend, the periodic inflow of cold air into the northern mid-latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere and associated snow cover changes dominated Tcrown, resulting in annual phenological anomalies with a range of fluctuations of approximately 1 month. The trend of increasing Tair during spring in northern Japan is consistent with the global trend, with a pronounced trend of advancing phenology reaching >4 days/decade in a typical cooler location experiencing snowmelt in March.

Abnormal low-magnitude seismicity preceding large-magnitude earthquakes

Unraveling the precursory signals of potentially destructive earthquakes is crucial to understand the Earth’s crust dynamics and to provide reliable seismic warnings. Earthquake precursors are ambiguous, but recent experimental studies suggest that robust warning signs may precede large seismic events in the short (day-to-months) term. Here, we show that the M6.4-M7.1 2019 Ridgecrest sequence (California) and the M7.1 2018 Anchorage earthquake (Alaska) were preceded by up to ~3 months of tectonic unrest on regional scales, as evidenced by abnormal low-magnitude seismicity spreading over the ~15-25% of Southern California and Southcentral Alaska. This precursory unrest has been discovered with an algorithm that integrates an innovative random forest machine learning approach and statistical features built from earthquake catalogs. Supported by a novel suite of finite element solid mechanics models, we propose that precursory, abnormal, low-magnitude seismicity arises if the pore fluid pressure within large fault segments escalates significantly as they approach failure, which leads to major uneven changes in the regional stress field. Our findings and method may open up new perspectives for surveillance agencies to anticipate when a region approaches an earthquake of great magnitude weeks to months before it occurs.

VARIABILITY REGULARITIES OF THE CEPHALOMETRICAL PARAMETERS OF THE HUMAN FETAL SKULL

The purpose of the study – to find out the regularities of the age dynamics of cephalometricparameters and critical periods of the development of the skull of human fetuses.Material and methods. 60 preparations of skulls and 63 computer tomograms of theheads of human fetuses aged from 4 to 10 months of intrauterine development werestudied. A complex of morphological research methods was applied, which includedanthropometry, morphometry, three- dimensional reconstruction and statistical analysis.Linear and angular parameters of the skull were measured, and their ratios, characterizingthe constitutional and cephalometric parameters of the individual (cranial and facialindices), were determined. Results. The analysis of absolute cephalometric parameters (longitudinal, transversediameters, skull circumference, height dimensions) demonstrated the predominanceof logarithmic dynamics of their changes in human fetuses, that is explained by theiraccelerated growth during the 4th month of intrauterine development and a slowdownduring the 7th month with subsequent acceleration in the 8th month of prenatal development.A straight trend line is characteristic of the V-S height (distance from the Sella turcica tothe highest point of the skull), which is explained by the accelerated growth of the anteriorand posterior cranial fossae, while the sphenoid bone and the region of anterior fontanelledevelop in a consistent direction and pace. The linear pattern of growth is typical for theforamen magnum, hard palate, length of the orbit, body and ramus of the mandible, aswell as for relative cephalometric parameters that show a wide range of morphometricvariability. Analysis of the scatter diagram using the method of weighted least squaresdistances showed a decrease in the angle of the front part of the cranial base until the5th month of intrauterine development, followed by an increase in the 7th-8th months ofprenatal development. Multivariate regression analysis of the relationship between fetalage, cranial index and the value of the angle of the front part of the cranial base showedpronounced anatomical variability, which depended on the craniotype. Before the end ofintrauterine development, the N-S-Ba angle increases, but at the beginning of the fetal periodof ontogenesis, it decreases. It has the smallest values in dolichocephals compared to othercraniotypes. The largest values of this angle are found in mesocephals at the beginning of thefetal period, and in brachiocephals and mesocephals at the end of intrauterine development.Conclusions. 1. Critical periods of skull development in the fetal period of humanontogenesis are the 4-5th and 7-8th months, during which uneven changes in absoluteand relative craniometric parameters are observed. 2. The value of the angle of the frontpart of the cranial base can be a diagnostic and prognostic indicator in combinationwith the cranial index, which characterize the craniotype of the individual, during themonitoring of the normal development of the skull and brain of the fetus.

Uneven agricultural contraction within fast-urbanizing urban agglomeration decreases the nitrogen use efficiency of crop production.

Diverse development paths among cities within an urban agglomeration can lead to uneven changes in their agricultural production scale, which reshape the inter-city food supply patterns and the spatiotemporal characteristics of nitrogen (N) pollution from the food system. Here, using Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area of China as a case, we found a substantial decrease in N use efficiency of crop production from 45.2% to 29.3% during 1989-2007, along with a growing level of concentration of food N production in less-urbanized cities. From 1989 to 2018, 12.3% to 42.2% of total N pollution in food production became embedded in inter-city trade, leading to aggregation of N pollution in peripheral cities with relatively low levels of economic development. We suggest that protection and intensification of cropland from urban encroachment, as well as enhancing the economic and technical synergies among cities, can serve the sustainable transition of the food system with coordinated N pollution mitigation.

Modifications on the coastal atmospheric sulfur and cloud condensation nuclei along the Eastern China seas by shipping fuel transition

Marine fuel combustion from shipping releases SO2 and forms sulfate particles, which may alter low cloud characteristics. A series of strategies were implemented to control the sulfur content of ship fuel oil from 2018 to 2020, offering insights into the effects of the ship fuel oil transition on sulfur-related pollutants and the consequent cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) in the atmosphere. Compared to 2018 in the southeast China waters, shipping SO2 emission decreased by 78 % in 2020, resulting in a 76 % reduction in ship-related total sulfur concentration, and a decrease of 54 % in CCN number concentration under supersaturation 0.2 % (CCN0.2) contributed by shipping. The response of CCN0.2 to ship-related sulfate modification is more pronounced in relatively clean environments than polluted environments, highlighting the uneven changes in coastal CCN along the Eastern China Sea induced by the ship fuel policies. CCN can trigger the formation of cloud droplets, 2020 fuel regulation may have and will reduce the cooling radiative forcing effect with strong spatial heterogeneity. The study provides insights into the variations in coastal atmospheric sulfur-related pollutants and CCN in uneven response to changes in ship fuel oil, prompting the need for further comprehensive assessments of the climate effects resulting from potential shifts in ship fuel use in the future.

Concurrent Resistance and Cardiorespiratory Training in Patients with Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: A Pilot Study.

Background: Exercise training in patients with HCM has evidenced benefits on functional capacity, cardiac function, and a reversion of adverse cardiac remodeling. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of a concurrent resistance and cardiorespiratory training program on functional capacity, biochemical parameters, and echocardiographic variables in a pilot group. Methods: Two HCM patients were evaluated before and after 12 weeks of individualized concurrent training with two sessions/week. Pre- and post-training data were compared for each patient. Evaluations included a cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET), body composition, echocardiography, electrocardiography, and blood analysis. Results: Training promoted an increase in functional capacity (+4 mL·kg-1·min-1), ventilatory thresholds, and other CPET-derived variables associated with a better prognosis and long-term survival. Muscular mass was augmented (0.8 and 1.2 kg), along with a mean increase of 62% in upper and lower body strength. Echocardiographic features demonstrated the maintenance of cardiac function with signs of positive left ventricular remodeling and an improvement in diastolic function. Blood analyses, including cardiac troponins and NT-proBNP, displayed uneven changes in each patient, but the values fell into normal ranges in both cases. Conclusions: The available data suggest a positive effect of concurrent resistance and cardiorespiratory training on patients' functional capacity and cardiac function that may improve their functional class, quality of life, and long-term prognosis. The replication of this protocol in a larger cohort of patients is warranted to confirm these preliminary results.

Status of hepatitis B birth dose vaccination coverage in Vietnam during 2020 - 2022

A descriptive cross-sectional study in 63 provinces/cities in Vietnam during 2020 - 2022 was conducted to describe the current status of hepatitis B birth dose vaccination in Vietnam. The results showed that the proportion of hepatitis B birth dose (HepB-BD) vaccination in this period was 83.2%, of which the proportion of HepB-BD vaccination within 24 hours and after 24 hours of birth was 78.9% and 4.3% respectively. For socio-economic regions, the highest proportion of HepB-BD vaccination was 90.9% in the Red River Delta and the lowest was 72.3% in the Central Highlands. The proportion of HepB-BD vaccination within 24 hours was less than 70.0% in Central Highlands during 2020 - 2022. The proportion of HepB-BD vaccination in Vietnam in the period 2020 - 2022 was high, with uneven changes between years and socio-economic regions. It is necessary to increase the proportion of HepB-BD vaccination, especially within 24 hours after birth.

“Deeply Rooted”: Abortion Federalism, Divided Citizenship, and Disability Reproductive (In)justice

ABSTRACT Laws structure people’s “lived citizenships.” This article considers the ways in which Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization gave states the power to regulate reproduction in ways that have disproportionate consequences for pregnant people with disabilities. Specifically, Dobbs did not eliminate the right to bodily integrity, but rather put conditions on who can claim a right to bodily integrity in federal courts. Moreover, uneven changes to Medicaid financing of abortions have created a “postcode lottery.” People’s ability to receive care is determined by a politics of place – or even individual providers. These policies create structural inequalities.

Развитие проблематики отечественной экономической психологии в научном творчестве А.Л. Журавлева

<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Objective</strong>. The purpose of this article is to analyze the spectrum of issues developing by the academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences and of the Russian Academy of Education A.L. Zhuravlev himself and to consider the questions elaborating under his guidance – with his co-workers and students in different periods of his scientific work; the research was conducted from the perspective of analyzing the processes of formation and development of the domestic economic psychology problem field. <br><strong>Background</strong>. The existing rules of development of socio-economic systems, in particular their cyclical nature (alternation of stable and crisis periods, uneven changes in the system), indicate the actuality of historical and psychological research in the field of economic psychology in order to predict economic, psychological and socio-psychological dynamics in changing geopolitical and socio-economic conditions of society. <br><strong>Results. </strong>Changes in the management of country’s economic life in the 80s of the last century, the subsequent economic transformations in society, crises and global processes in the world economy are considered as social factors that actualize the research of socio-psychological and economic-psychological phenomena in the scientific work of A.L. Zhuravlev. Among them are: psychological readiness of the population for cardinal economic changes, the relationship of socio-psychological and economic dynamics, patterns and mechanisms of economic socialization and economic self-determination, psychological resources of economic development of society and other phenomena. <br><strong>Conclusions. </strong>Three main stages in the development of the issues of domestic economic psychology presented in the scientific work of A.L. Zhuravlev was reveled. The connection of the studied economic-psychological and socio-psychological phenomena with the socio-economic dynamics of public life is shown.</p>

The Impact of Land Use/Cover Change on Ecological Environment Quality and Its Spatial Spillover Effect under the Coupling Effect of Urban Expansion and Open-Pit Mining Activities

Suburban open-pit mining concentration areas are both the frontline of urban expansion and the main battlefield in mineral resource development. These dual forces have resulted in significant land use/cover changes (LUCC), which play a crucial role in determining the ecological environment quality (EEQ). However, research examining how LUCC affects EEQ under the coupled impact of these two development events is currently lacking. In this study, the response of EEQ to LUCC was evaluated using Landsat images from 2000, 2010, and 2020 for the southern suburban open-pit mining concentration area in Jinan City. A relative contribution index was used to address the ecological and environmental effects of non-dominant land use/cover types, and the impact of LUCC on EEQ and its spatial spillover effects were revealed by also carrying out a buffer zone analysis. The findings of this study indicate that: (1) the dominant land use/cover types that influence the EEQ spatial pattern are farmland, grassland, and construction land. Among them, the area of farmland was the largest, with more than 1800 km2. Changes in non-dominant land use/cover types to mining land and mine rehabilitation made the most significant relative contribution to the changes in EEQ, i.e., 0.0735 and 0.0184, respectively. (2) The transformation of farmland into construction land and mining land and woodland into mining land was shown to exacerbate the deterioration of the EEQ in the study area, with a deterioration area of 1367.54 km2 and spatial spillovers of up to 1000 m. (3) Returning farmland to woodland and grassland, as well as returning mine rehabilitation, were found to be the main factors contributing to the improvement of EEQ in the study area, with an improvement area of 1335.67 km2 and spatial spillover extending from 500 to 800 m. (4) Nevertheless, uneven changes in land use/cover continue to aggravate the agglomerative effect of EEQ deterioration. Further refinement and enhancement of the methods and standards of ecological governance are urgently needed to counterbalance the uneven spatial spillover effects between ecological degradation and improvement. This study provides a scientific reference for the promotion of ecological protection and sustainable development in mining cities.

Will the ‘evapotranspiration paradox’ phenomenon exist across China in the future?

AbstractThe uneven changes in potential evapotranspiration (PET) in response to temperature rise are called the ‘evapotranspiration paradox’ phenomenon, which is expected to intensify further under a warming climate. In this paper, we explored the spatial–temporal changes in the future ‘evapotranspiration paradox’ phenomenon over China and its 10 major river sub‐regions under different climate change scenarios. Thus, this paper uses four global climate model outputs under seven shared socioeconomic pathway‐based scenarios (SSP1‐1.9, SSP1‐2.6, SSP2‐4.5, SSP3‐7.0, SSP4‐3.4, SSP4‐6.0 and SSP5‐8.5) from the sixth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6). Considering the latest IPCC's 6th Assessment Report (AR6), this research emphasizes the 2021–2040 (near‐term), 2041–2060 (mid‐term) and 2081–2100 (long‐term) periods to anticipate the ‘evapotranspiration paradox’ phenomenon. In this study, PET is estimated based on the modified Penman–Monteith (P‐M) method (considering CO2). Furthermore, the paradox phenomenon in this study is defined considering two pivotal conditions: the surface temperature increases but the evaporation decreases (Type I), and the temperature decreases but the evaporation still tends to increase (Type II). The results show that there were only Type I ‘evapotranspiration paradoxes’ that existed in the historical period, which were dominant especially before the 1990s. Nearly 50% of the areas experienced the Type I ‘evapotranspiration paradox’ phenomenon that occurred during 1975–1994 and 1995–2014. Spatially, it covered 100% of the area of the Southeast River (SER) and the Liaohe River (LR) during 1975–1994 and the area of the SER, the HAR, the HHR and the LR during 1995–2014. In the future, the interdecadal growth rate of PET in China is projected to be the highest under the SSP5‐8.5 and the lowest under the SSP3‐7.0 with spatial variation. Importantly, the largest areas of approximately 36% and 45% with the Type I phenomenon are inclined to occur under the SSP1‐1.9 and SSP4‐6.0, respectively, over the long‐term period (2081–2100). The area with the Type I phenomenon will be less than 20% in the near‐term, and it is less than 12% in the mid‐term period. For the Type II evapotranspiration paradox, the uppermost 45% of the area is expected to experience the Type II phenomenon under SSP1‐1.9 during the mid‐term period, while it is 30% under SSP1‐2.6 during the long‐term period. However, this study's findings provide the scientific basis for formulating adaptation and mitigation strategies to combat ‘evapotranspiration paradox’‐related extremes at regional scales.

Justification of parameters of sump in machine channel

In studies conducted in 2017-2020. It has been proved that the erosion and erosion of the Amu Darya's banks, which occur due to rapid and uneven changes in its channel, requires large expenditures for bringing water to the Amu-Bukhara channel with a damless water intake. An analysis of the pumping station data shows that the uninterrupted movement of water in the system water intake-distribution-channel-sediment retention system-system-fore-chamber-suction pipes-pumping unit-pressure pipes-consumer largely depends on the reliable operation of the structures that make up the system. As a result of the rise of water with a high content of turbidity, hydroabrasive erosion of pumping units occurs, and their service life is reduced. The article discusses the installation of sedimentation tanks in the water supply channel to the pumping station to reduce the amount of turbidity in the water; it is determined that to take the effective value of the number, the sweep angle α has the boundary condition αps.inlet≤44° in the area behind the traverse dam. The angle at the exit from the clarifier is determined αsump=180° and corners αps.inlet≤44° on the compression zone of dams on the concreted part at the entrance to the antechamber of the pumping station Clarifiers built on these parameters provide a reduction in water turbidity.

Animal Feeding, Animal Experiments, and the Zoo as a Laboratory: Paris Ménagerie and London Zoo, ca. 1793–1939: The Zoo as a Laboratory

This article elaborates a local history of zoo feeding practices in order to shed light on the construction of knowledge at the zoo, its intersection with laboratory developments in life sciences, and the nature of zoo sciences. It relies on the case studies of two of the oldest zoological gardens in the world-the Jardin des Plantes Ménagerie in Paris (1793) and the London Zoological Gardens (1828)-both of which formed parts of major scientific institutions, thereby facilitating research on the dialogue between zoo knowledge and life sciences. The article argues that zoos developed around an experimental paradigm that consisted of testing on animals the (nutritional) variables of their survival within a highly constrained institutional framework. From the interwar period, the empirical nature of the zoo feeding economy was marked by slow and uneven changes, associated with the development of nutritional sciences as well as internal hygiene, pathology, and veterinary programmes. Despite transfers and networks of people, methods, experiments, concepts, and animals between zoos and life sciences laboratories, the former remained too impure as a research site to act as an extension of the latter. Zoos, however, needed external laboratories to support themselves with the scientific legitimacy that their “biopolitical modernisation” (Chrulew) required. In addressing programmatic changes as well as their impact upon the animals, this paper argues that trial-and-error experiments are constitutive of the zoo, contributing towards the definition of the nature of both zoo management and zoo sciences.

CHANGES IN SOCIAL COHESION IN THE UNIVERSITY COMMUNITY IN THE CONTEXT OF CRISIS PHENOMENA IN SOCIETY

The purpose of this study is to find out the impact of crisis conditions in society, in particular the war and the COVID-19 pandemic, on the development of social cohesion of the university community in Ukraine using the Social Cohesion Radar research tool. The study was conducted according to the methodology proposed by the Social Cohesion Radar (Bertelsmann Foundation), which helped to interpret a set of questionnaires received in 2019-2022 in the community of the National Pedagogical Dragomanov University (NPDU), Ukraine. The findings showed that the level of cohesion varies moderately by spheres and their size. Some tend to increase and some, on the contrary, to decrease. People's acceptance of diversity increased during the pandemic and decreased in both surveys in 2022, and trust in people has a steady upward trend, but the importance of social ties decreases somewhat in crisis conditions, given its growth in non-crisis times. The sphere of communication and its volume have significantly decreased, reflecting a decrease in trust in institutions, identification with them and perception of fair treatment during the pandemic, with these dimensions characterized by uneven changes in non-war and war periods in 2022. The connection with the place of work and study also decreases. This may be due to distance learning and working during certain periods in 2020 and in the wartime period of 2022. Orientation towards the common good increases with a slight decline in the military period of 2022. It is noteworthy that civic participation increases in times of crisis. According to the above data, there is an increase in some areas, and it can be said that cohesion slightly increases depending on the area, the group studied and the crisis period. The study showed changes in social stability and communications in the university community of the National Pedagogical Dragomanov University due to the impact of crisis conditions, in particular, war or pandemic. This study provides an understanding of the values of trust and social cohesion as key drivers of social behavior in different situations of social challenges, including the challenges of the war in Ukraine and the pandemic. These results can be used to study the resilience of Ukrainian society, to find the main directions and foundations of social stability.

Картографический метод в изучении секулярного тренда длины тела мужчин России и сопредельных стран на протяжении XIX-XX вв.

Introduction. The article aims to study the regional differences in male stature during the 19-20th centuries in Russian Empire, USSR, Russia and some neighboring countries and to illustrate the observed changes in time using contemporary cartographic methods and the new source of information – the RLMS HSE dataset. We hypothesized that there are some areas with stable short and tall statures. Materials and methods. We used datasets with as large number of territorial units of the country as possible, published by D.N. Anuchin, V.V. Bunak, A.L. Purundzhan. To illustrate relevant datasets, the methodology of visualization was created. To make maps comparable with each other, especially, for the territory, like the European part of Russia, we made a surface interpolation. Results. We could suggest areas with more or less stable tall stature – near the Baltic Sea and Saint-Petersburg and between the contemporary cities of Kiev and Krasnodar. The area with stable short stature is situated in the middle part of Volga River – near Kazan city. Thus, the hypothesis was confirmed considering a new database. Moreover, according to the datasets, which illustrated the second part of the 20th century, the new area had appeared in Moscow and some neighboring territories. Secular changes in height for different regions and time periods were uneven, which may be connected with the different ethnic composition of the studied populations and various socioeconomic and demographic variables. Conclusion. Based on contemporary cartographic methods we illustrated the general pattern of changes in male stature, the idea of the consistency of the changes in male stature and the uneven changes in values across the territory. Some areas with stable short and tall statures first discovered by Anuchin are preserved till nowadays. Our research demonstrated the idea that areas could be formed under various circumstances. However, the overall trend has stayed the same over time despite the positive secular changes.

Detection and projection of climatic comfort changes in China's mainland in a warming world

Climatic comfort, which refers to the comfort of the human body's thermal sensations, is important for the human habitat. Although considerable efforts have been provided to examine changes in climatic comfort response to global warming from a partial perspective, the trajectory shift in past and future climatic comfort conditions in China's mainland based on uniform indicators has not been revealed. The spatiotemporal pattern of climatic comfort over historical and future periods was investigated in this study, using China's mainland as an example. The temperature‒humidity index was adopted on the basis of homogenised meteorological station observations and high-resolution climate model simulations to analyse the trends of comfort/discomfort days from 1960 to 2017 and project changes in climatic comfort under representative concentration pathway scenarios in the late 21st century (2071–2100). Results show a substantial decrease in cold-uncomfortable days and a moderate increase in comfortable and warm-uncomfortable days from 1960 to 2017. In the late 21st century, the signals of increasing warm-uncomfortable and decreasing cold-uncomfortable days are projected to enhance significantly while the direction of changes in comfortable days exhibits a north‒south divergence. The uneven changes in warm- and cold-uncomfortable days and an overall decrease in comfortable days in the late 21st century dominate the future trends in climatic comfort in the densely populated southeast half of China. Effective measures taken for adapting to and mitigating global climate warming can considerably avoid the adverse impact of the projected change.

Transactive energy strategy for energy trading of proactive distribution company with renewable systems: A robust/stochastic hybrid technique

Given the unsuitability of the previous strategies in procuring affordable conditions for the proactive distribution company (PDISCO) participation in the power market interactions, this article benefits transactive energy advantages to manipulate an innovative model for addressing this challenge. The proposed model enables the PDISCO to undertake optimal energy exchanges for maximizing its profit while creating equality between power supply and demand in the renewable-based system. A robust/stochastic hybrid technique is developed considering the uneven changes’ pattern to properly model uncertainties in the studied system. In this process, probabilistic scrutinizing of whole elements of the sample space is done by applying the Latin Hyperbolic Sampling method, while the selection process of the elements with a high existence probability is completed using the fast forward selection method. Moreover, the system robustness is intended by exerting robust optimization. The demand response program is advanced by using the elasticity properties of the shiftable loads. The modified version of the IEEE 33-bus test system is intended for verifying the effectiveness of the developed model. The results demonstrated a 23.197% diminution in the profit while procuring an acceptable degree of robustness for the system as well as guaranteeing the reach of a certain profit by operating the PDISCO under the suggested model rather than the base one.

Influence of Spirulina platensis biomass in compound feed composition on the dynamics of morphological parameters of broiler chickens’ blood

The article presents data on the dynamics of morphological parameters of broiler chickens’ blood when spirulina biomass is introduced into the diet in the amount of 5 g/kg of compound feed. The use of spirulina biomass as part of the compound feed led to an increase in the number of erythrocytes, hematocrit, leukocytes, hemoglobin concentration in the birds’ blood of the experimental group during the experiment. The number and % content of agranulocytes, granulocytes, platelets, the average volume of erythrocytes and the average concentration of corpuscular hemoglobin in birds’ erythrocytes of the experimental group is characterized by uneven changes. Hematological studies revealed that in the birds’ blood of the experimental group by 42 days age, there was an increase in the number of neutrophils, basophils, platelets and an increase in the proportion of % of the content of neutrophils and basophils, and the number of lymphocytes, eosinophils and the proportion of their % content decreased.

Креативная экономика в России: новые тренды

The article substantiates that creative industries are one of the factors of sustainable development and contribute to the transition to an innovative economy. The concepts of creative industries, economic characteristics of the Russian creative sector, trends in Russian exports of creative goods and services are analyzed. Measures to support the creative sector in Russia are systematized. The article summarizes the new trends that developed during the pandemic, which pose threats and lead to imbalances in the development of the creative sector – that is the increasing role of large companies for stream delivery of digital content; the capture of markets for creative goods and services by the largest IT companies and banks forming digital ecosystems. A new trend is the stratification of the creative industries sector depending on industry affiliation and involvement in digital services; increased diversification and monopolization in the main links of value chains – distribution and monetization of creative goods and services. Intensive and uneven changes happened in the nature of work and its creative intensity in different professional groups under the conditions of digitalization, which leads to a significant change in labor relations, especially with a new category of self-employed citizens; strengthening of territorial imbalances in the development of the creative economy. The current management tasks for the development of creative industries in Russia are proposed and justified.

Effects of Midazolam on the Development of Adult Leydig Cells From Stem Cells In Vitro.

BackgroundMidazolam is a neurological drug with diverse functions, including sedation, hypnosis, decreased anxiety, anterograde amnesia, brain-mediated muscle relaxation, and anticonvulsant activity. Since it is frequently used in children and adolescents for extended periods of time, there is a risk that it may affect their pubertal development. Here, we report a potential effect of the drug on the development of Leydig cells (LCs), the testosterone (T)-producing cells in the testis.MethodsStem LCs (SLCs), isolated from adult rat testes by a magnetic-activated cell sorting technique, were induced to differentiate into LCs in vitro for 3 weeks. Midazolam (0.1–30 μM) was added to the culture medium, and the effects on LC development were assayed.ResultsMidazolam has dose-dependent effects on SLC differentiation. At low concentrations (0.1–5 μM), the drug can mildly increase SLC differentiation (increased T production), while at higher concentrations (15–30 μM), it inhibits LC development (decreased T production). T increases at lower levels may be due to upregulations of scavenger receptor class b Member 1 (SCARB1) and cytochrome P450 17A1 (CYP17A1), while T reductions at higher levels of midazolam could be due to changes in multiple steroidogenic proteins. The uneven changes in steroidogenic pathway proteins, especially reductions in CYP17A1 at high midazolam levels, also result in an accumulation of progesterone. In addition to changes in T, increases in progesterone could have additional impacts on male reproduction. The loss in steroidogenic proteins at high midazolam levels may be mediated in part by the inactivation of protein kinase B/cAMP response element-binding protein (AKT/CREB) signaling pathway.ConclusionMidazolam has the potential to affect adult Leydig cell (ALC) development at concentrations comparable with the blood serum levels in human patients. Further studies are needed to test the effects on human cells.