Undocumented Migrant Children Research Articles

Strengthening the Profile of Pancasila Students with Global Diversity at Learning Studio Sentul Malaysia

Sentul Learning Studio is a form of tutoring for undocumented migrant children to obtain an education. The ethnic and linguistic diversity enhances the profile of Pancasila students with global diversity, as teachers incorporate this into their teaching. This research aims to understand how teachers contribute to strengthening the Pancasila Global Diversity student profile in Malaysian learning centers. The study utilizes a qualitative research method. Research findings show that raising the profile of Pancasila students with global diversity involves understanding and valuing various cultures, engaging in intercultural communication during interactions, and reflecting on and taking responsibility for diverse experiences. Conclusion This research explores the implementation of the Merdeka Curriculum, which allows Pancasila education teachers at the Sentul Malaysia learning center to design student-tailored learning experiences. The center originally had 7 students, increasing to 13, 24, 37, and now 41 students, with 6 students currently inactive. The curriculum emphasizes global diversity competencies. Teachers integrate Indonesia's cultural heritage through activities such as traditional dances and games, including the Jathilan dance and the Ampar-Ampar Pisang folk song. Two students are fluent in Javanese and Indonesian. Activities such as celebrating Mother's Day and making crafts from recycled materials foster curiosity about Indonesian culture. Gymnastics and games with Indonesian roots such as Senam 123, Gemo Famire, and penguin gymnastics are also included. Learning the Jathilan dance, jumping rope, and making soybean tempeh exposes students to authentic Indonesian culture, fostering acceptance, appreciation, and a desire to learn.

Analyzing Media Coverage Trends on Undocumented Migrant Children in South Korea

Objectives: This study examined the impact of media coverage on the public perceptions of undocumented migrant children in South Korea, highlighting their societal exclusion due to their undocumented status. Thise research explores how media shapes the awareness of these vulnerable minors, which is crucial for both their development and societal progress.Methods: We analyzed 302 articles from BIGKinds, a news service of the Korea Press Foundation, published from 1990 to 2023. These articles contained terms related to ‘undocumented migrant children,’ totaling 69,278 keywords. The analysis was conducted using R 4.3.1 with packages such as wordcloud2 and ggplot2 to assess keyword frequency and trends over the decades.Results: From the analysis, 69,240 keywords were identified, with the most common being “children, arrest, parents, foreigner, illegal, resident, rights, protection, birth, offspring, support, school”. Media trends have evolved, with an overall increase in coverage, particularly during significant societal events.Conclusion: Media portrayals have shifted from viewing these children merely as dependents of foreign workers to recognizing them as individuals. Residency remained a persistent theme, highlighting it as an unresolved issue. This study highlights the critical role of the media in informing the public about marginalized individuals and influencing societal engagement and perceptions.

Culturally, linguistically, and legally relevant caring for undocumented migrant children and their families

ABSTRACT Merely juxtaposing the accelerating number of undocumented migrant children and their distinctive struggles is an inadequate approach to educational scholarship of early childhood teachers working with/for this child population. In this article, we zoom in on teachers at St. Mary’s Preschool, who serve large numbers of migrant and undocumented children in South Korea, and explore their pedagogical caring practices in and outside of the classroom for these children and their families. The findings of this study demonstrate how preschool can become a site for what we term culturally, linguistically, and legally relevant caring for undocumented migrant children. The key tenets proposed include: (1) promoting diverse, inclusive, and culturally and linguistically relevant schooling; (2) attending to the legal reality of students’ precarious legal status to provide a rich and safe learning environment; and (3) establishing reciprocity in relationship and knowledge-making/sharing. The study offers several implications for research and teacher education in the field of early childhood education by presenting a conceptual and empirical snapshot of how to better serve the growing numbers of young migrant and undocumented children and their families in South Korea and worldwide.

Care that transcends legal citizenship: Teachers advocating for undocumented migrant children

Theoretically framed by caring scholarship in education, the current study aims to provide rich and detailed portraits of teachers in South Korea who serve a significant number of migrant and undocumented children. The findings of the study illustrate the ways teachers endeavor to create “spaces of belonging that supersede legal citizenship” (Gonzales et al., 2013, p. 17) in a school for the undocumented migrant children. Teachers attended to the everyday realities of undocumented migrant children and the material, physical, and emotional challenges caused by restrictive immigration policies and their precarious legal status. Teachers further provided undocumented migrant children with a variety of resources, support, and care and cultivated reciprocal and loving relationships with them. The findings of the study offer insights into the critical and pivotal roles of teachers in supporting and empowering undocumented migrant children amidst exclusive and xenophobic immigration regimes. The study also offers implications for educators, researchers and policymakers worldwide to promote more caring, resilient, and structurally inclusive environments for undocumented students.

Relasi Sosial NGO PERMAI Dalam Pemenuhan Pendidikan Terhadap Anak Migran Yang Tidak Berdokumen Di Pulau Pinang Malaysia

Undocumented migrant children lose access to formal education. Therefore, a learning forum is provided, namely the guidance studio (SB) or Learning Center. This research uses a qualitative method using a case study approach. The aim of this research is to determine the form of social relations of NGO PERMAI in building a guidance studio for undocumented migrant children, to find out the form of support/contribution from related parties in helping fulfill education for migrant children. The theory used is Michel Foucault's theory of power relations. The results of this research are: The PERMAI NGO guidance studio requires support and assistance from other parties, this form of relationship is a collaborative relationship from (KBRI, ​​KJRIl, PPI and students from universities in Indonesia). The forms of support provided vary, such as material support or learning needs (desks, chairs, notebooks, boards, etc.) or support in the form of personnel as provided by PPI.

‘THE TRANSIENT FOREIGNER’: RESTRICTIONS ON CITIZENSHIP ACQUISITION IN CHILE AND COLOMBIA FOR THOSE SAID TO BE ‘PASSING THROUGH’

AbstractThis article explores the constitutional regulation of birthright ius soli citizenship in two Latin American countries which restrict access to citizenship for the children of foreigners deemed to be passing through the countries. Access to citizenship is a significant marker of membership, setting the boundaries of inclusion and exclusion within and across States. Choosing the cases of Chile and Colombia, this article uses historical, institutional and comparative analysis in order to excavate the evolving conceptions of citizenship in those two countries, with particular reference to the concepts of the ‘transient foreigner’ and of ‘domicile’. The case studies provide an excellent laboratory within which to examine the evolution of constitutional ideas of citizenship and ‘the people’. In Colombia, the outcome of the investigation shows that there is unlikely to be significant long-term change in the citizenship regime towards a more generalised acceptance of unconditional ius soli, notwithstanding the substantial shorter-term measures taken to accommodate the children of undocumented migrants from Venezuela and to respond to international pressure. In Chile, combined with other ongoing constitutional work in the citizenship space as part of a wider reform process, there may be a slow journey towards a different constitutional future for so-called ‘transient foreigners’ and others excluded within the State, but this is currently stalled. Chile has, however, introduced legislation cementing a more limited concept of ‘transient foreigner’, linking this work on citizenship to the wider domain of migration governance.

The path to inclusion for undocumented migrant children in South Korea

This study focuses on undocumented migrant children in South Korea. The Korean migration policies are centered on marriage migrants and their children until recently, while the issue of undocumented migrant children of migrant workers has long been overlooked. Undocumented migrant children are placed in an extremely unstable situation both legally and practically. This study shows why their basic rights should be protected from the perspective of constitutional and international law. It examines the comprehensive legal and policy frameworks of migration and the newly introduced measures to protect these children in Korea. It concludes with a discussion of the shortcomings of the current system and recommendations for improvement.

Factors That Motivate and Militate Undocumented Migrants to Vaccinate Their Children in Sabah, Malaysia

BACKGROUND: Undocumented migrant families face many challenges in bringing their children for vaccination. The recent outbreak of poliomyelitis in Sabah among undocumented migrant children highlights the gap in vaccination coverage among these populations. AIM: This study aimed to determine the factors that influence undocumented migrants in Sabah to vaccinate their children. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study using a questionnaire developed based on the findings from a qualitative study. This study was conducted in 15 districts of Sabah among the mothers of undocumented migrant children. Multiple Logistic Regression was done to find out the significant factors that influence undocumented migrants to vaccinate their children. RESULTS: A total of 942 responses were collected during the study. About 78.7% of the respondents attended health facilities to vaccinate their children. Only the legal status of the undocumented migrant (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.15 [95% CI: 0.52–0.43]) remains a significant militating factor for undocumented migrants to vaccinate their children. Two factors, parental trust in health-care providers and vaccines (aOR = 18.24 [95% CI: 8.42–39.51]) and good support system (aOR = 2.65 [95% CI: 1.77–3.97]), remain significant motivating factors that influence undocumented migrants to vaccinate their children. Those who had visited the health facilities for an antenatal check-up (aOR = 25.93 [95% CI: 17.07–39.39]) and delivery (aOR = 93.63 [95% CI: 34.77–257.81]), with income of more than RM 1000 (aOR = 6.09 [95% CI: 3.66–10.12]) have a higher prevalence to bring their children for vaccination. CONCLUSION: In the best interest of public health and to prevent the further re-emergence of vaccine-preventable diseases in Sabah, it is important to address these factors to improve vaccine uptake among undocumented migrant children.

Access to healthcare for undocumented migrant children

Access to healthcare for undocumented migrant children

RIGHTS OF UNDOCUMENTED MIGRANT CHILDREN TO EDUCATION UNDER THE MALAYSIAN LEGAL FRAMEWORK: TOWARDS A HUMAN RIGHT APPROACH

Migration occurs for a variety of reasons, including political, economic, social, and environmental considerations. Migrants frequently bring members of their families to receiving countries in search of a new and better life. Like many other countries, Malaysia has long struggled with the issue of undocumented migrants, including children. One of the most critical issues concerning migrant children is the deprivation of their right to an education. This issue is a serious concern because education is regarded as a fundamental human right that can realize and fulfil various other rights. This paper aims to investigate Malaysian law concerning the right of undocumented migrant children to an education. It adopts qualitative research of doctrinal and comparative nature. It will comparatively analyse the existing Malaysian legal framework on the right of undocumented migrant children to education in light of international human rights standards established by international instruments. The article also attempts to identify the barriers that undocumented migrant children experience when trying to obtain an education. The paper concludes that the current Malaysian legal framework is incomprehensive and inadequate to guarantee the right to education of undocumented migrant children. As such, the paper provides recommendations towards the improvement of the existing laws and policies on this particular issue of concern.

Public health nurses' encounters with undocumented migrant mothers and children.

Undocumented migrant children (UMC) are often affected by policies and practices that do not take their best interests into account. The aim of this study was to describe how public health nurses (PHNs) experienced challenges and dilemmas in ensuring the best interests of the undocumented migrant child. This study had a qualitative descriptive design. Focus group interviews and semi-structured interviews were conducted with seven PHNs in four different child health centers (CHCs). Qualitative content analysis was applied. Three main themes were identified: building trust, ensuring the best interests of the child, and dilemmas and challenges in ensuring the best interests of the child. The study revealed examples of immigration policy being prioritized over the best interests of the child. PHNs experienced frustration when the best interests of the child were not taken into account. Strategies for managing these conflicting demands were identified. Conflicting demands appeared when national immigration policies collided with fundamental human rights and ethical standards. Rules that exclude certain groups are incompatible with PHNs professional ethics.

To deport or to ‘adopt’? The Israeli dilemma in dealing with children of non-Jewish undocumented migrants

This article analyses the unprecedented decision taken by the Israeli state in 2005 to legalize the status of non-Jewish undocumented migrants’ children. In explaining how the plight of culturally assimilated non-Jewish children succeeded in penetrating the hermetic ethno-religious definition of citizenship in Israel, the article focuses on the subtle yet critical influence of kinship on modern state-making and the affective fashioning of national belonging. By insisting on treating culturally assimilated non-Jewish children as Others, Israel increasingly ran the risk of unveiling the feeble construction of the Jewish nation in terms of kinship as ‘one big family’. The Israeli media increasingly began to question the refusal of the state to recognize children who were evidently ‘Israelis in every way’. Such a development, as some Israeli politicians undoubtedly realized, could have potentially been more detrimental to the mythological foundations of the Jewish state than the ‘adoption’ of a few hundred non-Jewish children.

Undocumented migrant children in Denmark present with diverse health needs and sometimes have critical health conditions.

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Exploring childhood immunization among undocumented migrants in Sweden - following qualitative study and the World Health Organizations Guide to Tailoring Immunization Programmes (TIP)

ObjectivesNational vaccination coverage in Sweden is high. Recurrent outbreaks of measles and rubella however highlight some immunity gaps in the population. Current knowledge about immunization status of undocumented migrant children is scant. The World Health Organization/Europe has developed the Guide to Tailoring Immunization Programmes (TIP) to assist countries in diagnosing barriers and motivators to vaccination in communities with low vaccination coverage. Based on the TIP guide, the objective of this study was to explore determinants to vaccination among undocumented immigrants, using qualitative approach. Study designThe study consisted of three steps: (i) an initial workshop for problem statement; (ii) qualitative research for increased understanding of the vaccination practices of children in the undocumented community; and (iii) a second workshop to incorporate the qualitative interview findings together with data from key stakeholders into a conceptual framework. MethodsThis was a qualitative study featuring interviews of seven undocumented parents recruited at non-governmental clinics, three nurses at Child Health Centers, and information from key stakeholders retrieved at workshops as part of the TIP process. ResultsThe content analysis revealed two main themes: parental fear of being questioned and parental acceptance of child immunization. Undocumented parents had a positive view and attitude toward childhood immunization but expressed strong fear of being asked for identification papers at healthcare facilities. Owing to lack of knowledge on entitlements of the undocumented among health personnel, parents were incorrectly rejected when seeking care for their children. Frequent mobility among undocumented may limit access to complete the immunization schedule. Undocumented parents mistrust healthcare providers and avoid health facilities, further delaying childrens’ access to health care, including immunization services. ConclusionsThe findings of this study confirm the complexity of barriers that undocumented parents face regarding childhood immunization. The TIP guide offers a valuable process for a deeper understanding of the determinants of immunization challenges among undocumented migrants.

Growth, developmental achievements and vaccines timeliness of undocumented migrant children from Eritrea compared with Israelis.

IntroductionIsrael has absorbed >40,000 Eritrean undocumented migrants since 2007, while the majority live in the southern neighborhoods of Tel-Aviv. As non-citizens and citizens infants in Israel receive free preventive treatment at the mother and child health clinics (MCHC), this study aimed to compare development and growth achievements between children of Eritrean mothers (CE) to children of Israeli mothers (CI), and assess their compliance to routine follow-up and vaccination-timeliness.MethodsThis cohort study included all Israeli-born CE between 2009 and 2011, compared with a random sample of CI and treated at the same MCHC and followed-up to the age of 30-months. Dependent outcomes included anthropometric measurements, developmental achievements and adherence to immunization schedule.ResultsOf all 271 CE who were compared with 293 CI, no statistically significant differences were found in birth anthropometric measurements. Yet, CE had increased weight and length than CI after reaching one year of age (p<0.05). CE were more likely to fail in tests assessing fine-motor skills, linguistic and socio-emotional domains than CI, while no statistical difference was found in gross-motor achievements. At the end of follow-up, 203 (74.9%) of the CE and 271 (74.1%) of the CI completed the vaccination schedule, p = 0.9.ConclusionCE had greater anthropometric measurements than CI after one year of age, and showed higher impairments in fine motor, linguistic and socio-emotional domains. Adherence to vaccination was similar. The inequalities in child health should be responded in the MCTC, and Eritrean mothers should be trained with the current recommendations for child well-being.

Exploring Childhood Immunization Among Undocumented Migrants in Sweden - Using the WHO Tailoring Immunization Programmes (TIP) Guide

Background National vaccine coverage in Sweden is high. Recurrent outbreaks of measles and rubella however highlight that there are immunity gaps in the population. Current knowledge about immunization status of undocumented migrant children is scant. The WHO/Europe has developed the Guide to tailoring immunization programmes (TIP) to assist countries in diagnosing barriers and motivators to vaccination in communities with low vaccination coverage. This study explored determinants to vaccination among undocumented immigrants, using the TIP guide. Methods This was qualitative study featuring interviews of seven undocumented parents recruited at nongovernmental clinics; three nurses at Child Health Centers; and information from key stakeholders retrieved at workshops as part of the TIP process. Findings The content analysis revealed two main themes: parental fear of being questioned and parental acceptance of child immunization. Undocumented parents had a positive view and attitude towards childhood immunization but expressed strong fear of being asked for identification papers at health care facilities. Frequent mobility among undocumented may limit access to complete immunization schedule. Undocumented parents mistrust health care providers and avoid health facilities, further delaying childrens' access to health care, including immunization services. Interpretention The findings of this study confirm the complexity of barriers that undocumented parents face regarding childhood immunization. The TIP guide offers a valuable process for mixed data collection and analysis, for a deeper understanding of the determinants of immunization challenges among undocumented migrants. Funding: The Public Health Agency of Sweden and WHO/Europe. Declaration of Interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest. Ethical Approval: The study received ethical approval for the interviews from the Regional Ethics Committee in Stockholm, Sweden, Dnr 2013/678-31/3.

Issues for the Promotion of Human Rights of Foreigners in the New Government

박근혜 정부와 이명박 정부에서의 이민정책의 기조는 외국인의 인권에 우선순위가 있지 않았다. 이민정책의 목표가 우수인재의 유치와 사회통합에 주로 맞춰지다보니, 인권취약지대에 놓여있는 외국인근로자나 미등록 이주민 등에 대해 무관심했었다. 이 글은 신정부가 들어선 현재의 외국인 인권상의 과제들을 정리했다. 인권증진을 위해 중요한 것은 인권보장의 국제적·국내적 기준을 달성하는 것이다. 한국이 비준한 국제인권조약과 상위규범인 헌법에 따르는 것이 이론상으로나 실무상으로 타당한 방안이다. 근로조건은 노사가 동등한 지위에서 대등하게 결정하는 것이 노동법의 기본원칙이다. 이를 위해서는 열악한 지위에 있는 외국인근로자에게도 정확한 정보가 제공되어야 하며, 부당한 해고의 위험으로부터 자유로울 필요가 있다. 예를 들어, 사용자가 무단이탈신고를 비롯하여 고용변동신고를 남용하게 되면 사용자가 자의적으로 외국인근로자를 해고할 수 있게 되는데, 노동위원회나 법원을 통한 실효적 구제를 강구함으로써 부당해고에 대한 구제방안을 모색해야 한다. 단순기능 외국인근로자에 대해서 이제까지 가장 크게 다투어진 것은 사업장변경의 자유였으나, 아직까지 해결되지 못하고 있다. 여러 대안이 가능하지만, 적어도 장기간 취업 근로자에 대해서만이라도 사업장변경의 자유를 허용하는 방안이 있다. 즉, 국내에 입국한 외국인근로자의 사업장변경을 처음에는 제한하더라도 입국 이후 3년이 경과한 시점을 기준으로 사업장변경을 허용하는 것이 필요하다. 미등록 외국인근로자의 아이들은 국내의 자치단체는 물론이며, 국적국의 외교기관에도 등록되지 않아서 사실상의 무국적상태에 빠지는 경우가 많지만, 한국은 1991년에 UN의 아동권리협약을 이미 비준했기 때문에 이주아동을 그냥 방치하면 안된다. 아동권리협약상의 권리를 전면적으로 보장하기 어렵더라도 이주아동의 출생 등록권을 보장하는 등 중요하거나 용이한 것부터 단계적으로 보장하는 방안을 검토할 필요가 있다. 농어업분야에서 일하는 외국인근로자들의 열악한 노동조건은 국내외 언론과 국제기구로부터 인권침해 논란을 낳았다. 근로기준법상의 근로시간 적용배제규정을 삭제하여 장시간 근로를 방지해야 하며, 농어업에서 외국인근로자를 고용할 수 있는 사업주의 범위를 보다 엄격히 하고 인권침해사례 발생시에는 추가 도입을 불허해야 한다. 우리 사회가 숨 가쁘게 달려온 만큼 인권이슈들도 다양한 주체와 다양한 쟁점으로 분화되고 있다. 그런데, 이런 인권이슈들의 중요성을 ‘우수인력 유치’나 ‘질 높은 사회통합’의 목표에 비하면 부차적이라고 생각할지 모르나, 오히려 이런 목표가 성공하기 위해서도 인권보장은 필요하다고 본다.The priority of immigration policy had not been on the human rights of foreign immigrants during the former two presidents’ governments. During those time the target of immigration policy had focused primarily on ‘inducement of outstanding talent’ and ‘high-quality social integration’, but the former governments was less interested when it comes to immigrants who fell into any category of outstanding talent. Let’s summarize some of the contents of this paper. It is important in the promotion of human rights to observe international and national human rights standards. There are many ways to discuss about protection of human rights, but it’s appropriate to abide by international human rights conventions which Republic of Korea(ROK) has ratified, and the national constitution. It is a fundamental principle of the labor law that employers and employees are to decide working conditions on an equal basis. For that purpose, it needs to be given accurate informations to migrant workers in poor position and to be free from the risk of unfair dismissal. As a representative example, some employers could dismiss migrant workers arbitrarily by using report of employment alteration. This paper proposes the solution including admitting relief through Labor Relations Commission or the courts. One of the most big arguments about migrant workers has been the freedom of establishment movement, but still been not resolved. This paper suggests a few alternatives, one of which is to admit freedom of movement to a migrant worker staying for a long time, for example at the end of three years since entering this country. Undocumented migrant workers children are not registered to local government or diplomatic institutions of the land of citizenship, and usually fall into the de facto statelessness status. But, we should not neglect them because ROK had ratified ‘the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child’(‘CRC’) in 1991. Even though we can’t ensure the right fully on the children s rights that CRC had guaranteed, it’s necessary to protect them gradually from basic or easy lists including the right of migrant children s birth registration. The claim that migrant workers hired in the agricultural and fisheries sectors was in the very poor conditions, violating human rights, has been brought up from local and foreign media and international organizations. We should prevent employers from working for a long time by deleting the exclusion from application working hours regulation in Labor Standards Act, and make requirements of employers of that sectors who can hire migrant workers more stringent. Human rights issues in Korea were divided into a variety of subjects and points during a few decades. By the way, they can think the importance of human rights issues subordinate, rather than ‘inducement of outstanding talent’ and ‘high-quality social integration’, but on the contrary the protection of human rights is needed for those.

Unaccompanied and Separated Children in South Africa: is Return the Only Option?

Despite recent legislative amendments aimed at stricter border control, migration by undocumented migrants, including unaccompanied and separated children, continues to occur. Once in South Africa, no mechanism exists for the identification or registration of undocumented migrant children. Due to statutory restrictions, the births of children born to undocumented foreign parents in South Africa are not recorded. Therefore, the presence of unaccompanied and separated children in the Republic goes mostly unnoticed. Under the migration framework, documentation to regularise a foreign child’s stay is either derived from a parent, or requires significant financial support, and/or legal intervention, to obtain. The article finds that unaccompanied and separated children struggle to meet the requirements set to regularise their stay once in the Republic. In a society where the ability to exercise basic human rights is intrinsically linked to identification documentation, the few options available to unaccompanied and separated children make this group highly vulnerable to exploitation, destitution, abuse, neglect, statelessness and under-development, due to restricted access to education and essential services.

Study of the Protection of Undocumented Migrant Children’s Right to Education in Korea

This study reviewed the legislation and system concerning migrant children and would propose measures for the protection of undocumented migrant children’s right to education. Recently, in Korean society, with the increase of migrants and their long-term sojourn, the number of migrant children has dramatically increased, and discussions on the education for them are actively made. However, the right to education of ‘undocumented migrant children’ of the migrant children is often not completely protected due to their parents' unstable legal status. As a result of an analysis of the legislation system concerning migrant children, the Enforcement Decree of the current Elementary and Secondary Education Act provides that undocumented migrant children can enter a school, regardless of their status of sojourn, and the targets of the Policy for the Education of Migrant Children of the Ministry of Education, too, include ‘undocumented migrant children.’ However, in most of the legislation and system, the targets of support for education are limited to the children of migrant women married to Korean men of all migrant children. In addition, essentially, since undocumented migrant children are not guaranteed the status of sojourn for the protection of the right to education, they may be subject to immediate compulsory eviction anytime, if they are cracked down, so complete protection of their right to education is not given. Based on these issues, as measures for the protection of the practical right to education of undocumented migrant children, this study suggested support for nursery phase at the level of local governments, comprehensive support for education for migrant children including undocumented ones and granting status of temporary sojourn to undocumented migrant children and fosterers. Also, this study suggested that, most importantly, it would be necessary to change the way we perceive undocumented migrant children so that we recognize them, too, as the members of our society, along with this institutional improvement.

NHS cost recovery proposals

Patients may soon need to present identification to access NHS treatment. Gargie Ahmad, intern at Coram Children's Legal Centre, considers the impact on undocumented migrant children and families