Undesirable Emotions Research Articles

Brief emotion regulation strategies to reduce alcohol craving: Mediating role of state difficulties in emotion regulation

ObjectiveThis study experimentally compared the effects of emotion regulation (ER) strategies on alcohol craving and examined the mediating effect of state difficulties in emotion regulation (S-DER) on the relationship between negative/positive emotion and alcohol craving. Method417 participants (76.74% women, Mage = 20.76 years) endorsing past-month heavy/binge drinking were randomly assigned to one of four ER conditions (positive reappraisal, distancing, distraction, and acceptance). Participants completed state assessments, including negative/positive emotion, S-DER, and alcohol craving, prior to (T0) and after (T1) engaging in a negative emotion induction task. Subsequently, participants completed an ER strategy task based on their assigned ER strategy condition and completed a third state assessment (T2). ResultsTime had a significant quadratic effect on alcohol craving, such that craving increased from T0 to T1 and decreased from T1 to T2. There was no significant effect of ER strategy condition on craving. Change in S-DER mediated the relationship between the change in negative/positive emotion and the change in craving, with emotional modulation and emotional acceptance facets of S-DER dominating the mediating effect during negative emotion induction and ER strategy induction, respectively. ConclusionsResults suggest interventions targeting S-DER's emotional modulation and acceptance facets could reduce acute craving when experiencing undesired emotions.

Attitudes of Jordanian Nurses Toward Caring for Dying Patients.

Hospital nurses are expected to care for dying patients. Such care provokes many undesired emotions and attitudes that affect the quality of care. This study aims to assess the attitudes of Jordanian nurses toward caring for dying patients in addition to examining the relationship between nurses' attitudes toward caring for dying patients and their selected characteristics. A quantitative descriptive cross-sectional research design was used to recruit a total of 290 Jordanian nurses from two hospitals in Jordan. The findings of this study revealed a significant correlation between nurses' attitudes toward caring for dying patients and receiving educational courses on palliative care (p = .008). Also, the study found a correlation between nurses' attitudes toward caring for dying patients and prior experience attending death cases (p = .004). The attitudes nurses have toward caring for dying patients are affected by educational courses, which make these attitudes adjustable toward the positive.

We love, they hate: Emotions in affective polarization and how partisans may use them

AbstractWhat emotions do affectively polarized individuals report, and how? While affect is a broad term, research suggests that different emotions predict distinct political behaviors. Therefore, it is vital to understand what emotions partisans report. However, as research on motivated reasoning suggests that people process information consistent with their partisan mind, I argue that they may not necessarily report the emotions they feel. Instead, they may ascribe normatively desirable emotions to their ingroup and normatively undesirable emotions to opposing outgroups. Doing so makes their ingroup distinct from and superior to outgroups. This article develops and showcases this argument. I analyze data in which affective polarization was likely high—interviews with radical‐right voters conducted before a major election—to illustrate what emotions partisans report and how. The discussion invites future research to test how affective polarization correlates with single emotions and whether partisans strengthen polarization by how they talk about emotions.

Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Adolescents

Current research on attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is generally based on quantitative methodology. This indicates a lack of information on how ADHD individuals explain this phenomenon, and what they experience. The aim of this research is to reveal how attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is experienced in adolescents and how adolescents explain this phenomenon. The participants in this study were ten adolescents aged 11-18 who were diagnosed with ADHD and did not have a comorbid diagnosis. Participants were interviewed through a semi-structured interview form. The interviews were conducted and recorded on an online platform, and a transcript of the voice recording of each participant was then created. The texts obtained from the transcripts were analyzed with an interpretative phenomenological analysis. As a result of the analysis, the following themes were found: Academic difficulty, normalizing and affirming the diagnosis, living with undesirable emotions and behaviors, and negative social experiences. The findings reveal that the ADHD-related experiences of adolescents and their explanations for the ADHD diagnosis are not of a single nature. Instead, they were also perceived in a positive light as well as negative. The results reveal that the awareness of professionals and families who have contact with ADHD-diagnosed adolescents should be raised, and interventional and motivational programs directed at ADHD treatment-related negative experiences of adolescents can be organized.

Computer games as a subject of psychological research – negative and positive aspects of gaming

Computer games are an interactive form of entertainment that is popular with younger and younger players. Therefore researchers are actively seeking information on the consequences of pursuing this type of pastime. At the beginning, the researchers’ attention was focused mainly on the negative aspects of gaming. Nowadays, more and more benefits related to this activity are being indicated. In 2014, Granic, Lobel and Engels published an article on the benefits of playing computer games. The researchers focused on four areas: cognitive, motivational, emotional, and social. They wanted to inspire new research on mental health benefits of gaming by pointing to various research reports they selected. This paper aims to present the research directions explored in recent years by researchers who strive to describe the positive and negative consequences of gaming. I present the main directions and examples of research in these areas, highlighting the ambiguity of the current results. Problematic areas related to gaming include aggression and violence, addiction, weakening of social relations, experiencing undesirable emotions, sexualization, racial prejudice, and racial discrimination. The indicated opportunities and benefits are the strengthening of cognitive, motor, emotional, and social competences.

USER PERCEPTION OF TECHNOLOGICAL INTERVENTIONS FOR PARKINSON’S DISEASE: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

Abstract With the growing number of Parkinson’s disease technological intervention studies available, it is uncertain what and how people with Parkinson’s disease (PWP) respond to these interventions. This systematic review aims to study the user perception and perceived psychosocial gain of technological interventions among the Parkinson’s disease population, and it included 27 eligible studies from 6 databases. Through thematic synthesis, qualitative evidence suggests technological interventions could benefit the psychosocial well-being of people with Parkinson’s disease (PWP) under appropriate implementation. Coping with technological interventions was identified as the overarching theme. The theme is closely related to participants’ technological literacy and could lead to perceived psychosocial gain. The discrepancy between the implemented technology and PWP’s technological literacy level dictated how well PWP coped with the interventions. Ineffective coping attempts could induce undesirable emotions within PWP and tamper with their psychosocial health. In contrast, successful coping attempts reduced initial adverse effects, resulting in psychosocial growth such as increased autonomy and interpersonal relationships. To facilitate PWP’s coping process and design a Parkinson’s disease-friendly technological intervention. Scholars should include an adjustable, progressive module design and provide sufficient training and technical support to participants during implementation.

Spirituality in cancer

The aim of this article is to provide a detailed characterization of the spirituality in cancer patients. The great importance of this area, both for theoreticians and practitioners, results from patients' search for meaning in the experience of illness and the need to cope with it on various levels (including emotional). At the very beginning, the complexity of the described phenomenon was signaled and two components of spirituality in the context of the disease were presented: cognitive and emotional. Then, terminological inaccuracies related to the definition of spirituality and religiosity faced not only by researchers, but also by patients themselves were discussed. Next, research on the correlates of spirituality in cancer patients was reviewed. The results of many studies on its relationship with the mental health of patients were presented. Potential mechanisms of the positive impact of spirituality on this sphere, discussed in the scientific literature, were presented: self-regulation, giving new meaning to experiences and religious coping. The relationship between spirituality and the demoralization syndrome and the regulation of desired and undesirable emotions is discussed. Threats related to spirituality and mental health were also indicated. The purpose of this article was also to discuss the relationship between spirituality and physical health, which is much less frequently analyzed by researchers. The results in this area are ambiguous. Research on spirituality and quality of life of cancer patients was also reviewed. Both results indicating a positive relationship between spirituality and quality of life, as well as those proving a different outcome, were presented. Attention was paid to the importance of this relationship in patients at the end of life who often experience spiritual pain. Then, barriers related to raising spiritual issues in the patient-medical staff dyad were identified. The article also addresses the complex issue of spirituality in relation to cancer survivors. Finally, the results of research on the importance of spirituality among informal caregivers of cancer patients are presented. As in the case of patients, positive and negative aspects in this area were indicated.

Shame and anger differentially predict disidentification between collectivistic and individualistic societies.

In the present research we tested the differential effects of anger versus shame as emotional predictors of ingroup disidentification in one rather collectivistic (Japan) and two rather individualistic societies (Germany, Canada). We tested the idea that individuals cope with socially undesired emotions by disidentifying from their group. Specifically, we predicted that after a group conflict, anger, an undesired emotion in Japan, would elicit disidentification in Japan, whereas shame, an undesired emotion in Canada and Germany, would elicit disidentification in Germany and Canada. Study 1 (N = 378) found that anger, but not shame, was related to disidentification in Japan, whereas shame, but not anger, was related to disidentification in Canada and Germany. Study 2 (N = 171) shows that, after group conflict, Japanese disidentified more when imagining to feel angry, whereas Germans disidentified more when imagining to feel ashamed. Implications for these findings are discussed.

The role of the anterior cingulate cortex in aggression and impulsivity.

Aggression is a complex social behavior that evolved in the context of defending a territory, fighting for limited resources, and competing for mates and protection. Although aggression considered as a negative or undesirable emotion is an essential part of many species' repertoire of social behaviors. For humans, the motivations, actions, and limits of aggressive acts are not always clear. However, uncontrolled aggression may have destructive consequences, and it develops inappropriately into violence. At the neural level, several studies demonstrated that aggression is related to cortical abnormalities, including the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). This review summarizes the state of the literature regarding the involvement of ACC in the neurobiology of aggression and impulsivity. We will first review structural and neuroanatomical studies, including volumetric and functional investigations of aggression. Next, we will discuss the neurochemical and neuropharmacological studies of aggression related to the ACC. We will focus mainly on the gamma-aminobutyric acid/glutamate balance, as well as the serotoninergic system. Finally, we will try to integrate these results and reconcile discrepancies in the field and suggest recommendations for future studies. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

The relationship between clinical perfectionism and nonsuicidal self-injury: The roles of experiential avoidance, self-esteem, and locus of control.

Perfectionism is linked to nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI). Individuals with elevated perfectionism tend to avoid undesirable emotions and experience lower self-esteem, which are associated with NSSI. However, it is unclear if these mechanisms explain the link between clinical perfectionism and NSSI, and if locus of control is involved. We aimed to explore whether experiential avoidance and self-esteem would mediate the relationship between clinical perfectionism and NSSI, and if locus of control would moderate links between clinical perfectionism and both experiential avoidance and self-esteem. As part of a larger study, 514 Australian university students (Mage = 21.15 years, SD = 2.40; 73.5% female) completed an online survey of NSSI, clinical perfectionism, experiential avoidance, self-esteem, and locus of control. Clinical perfectionism was associated with NSSI history, but not with recent NSSI or past year NSSI frequency. Lower self-esteem, but not experiential avoidance, mediated links between clinical perfectionism and NSSI history, recent NSSI, and NSSI frequency. More external locus of control was associated with NSSI, experiential avoidance, and lower self-esteem, but locus of control did not moderate pathways between clinical perfectionism and experiential avoidance or self-esteem. University students reporting elevated clinical perfectionism may have a tendency to experience lower self-esteem which is associated with NSSI history, recency, and severity.

An efficient feature selection method for arabic and english speech emotion recognition using Grey Wolf Optimizer

Nowadays, analyzing and interpreting emotions through human speech communication have drawn a great attention in the field of human-computer interaction. Therefore, many speech recognition systems have been suggested to recognize the emotional states of the speaker utilizing the speech recordings of their spoken utterances. Feature extraction is an important step in building an emotion recognition system in which it is used to extract emotional features from speech data. However, not all extracted features are relevant to classify the emotion states of the speaker. The existence of irrelevant and redundant features generates unmeaningful patterns that lead to inaccurate and undesirable emotion classification performance. Therefore, this study proposes an intelligent feature selection method based on a novel bio-inspired optimization algorithm that mimics the hunting mechanism of wolves in the nature, called Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO) and K-nearest neighbor (KNN) classifier, to find the most relevant subset of features to enhance the classification performance of an emotion recognition systems. The proposed method is called GWO-KNN. Emotion classification is performed on three distinct databases including Arabic Emirati-accented speech database, Ryerson Audio-Visual Database of Emotional Speech and Song dataset (RAVDESS), and Surrey Audio-Visual Expressed Emotion dataset (SAVEE). A combined or single feature extraction method is applied to extract the features from each dataset. The proposed method provides better classification performance for speech emotion recognition system compared to classical methods such as bat algorithm (BAT), cuckoo search (CS), White Shark Optimizer (WSH), and arithmetic optimization algorithm (AOA). Our proposed method also surpasses several state-of-the-art recent approaches that use the same datasets.

Improving adaptive response to negative stimuli through non-emotional working memory training.

People with high working memory (WM) capacity tend to respond proactively and experience a decrease in undesired emotions, implying the potential influence of WM training on emotional responses. Although training emotional WM could enhance emotional control, the training also improves emotional response itself. Thus, the far-transfer effects of non-emotional WM training on emotional responses remain an open question. In the present study, two experiments were conducted to detect these effects. The Preliminary experiment matched the expectations of the gains of the training tasks between the experimental and active control groups (n = 33). In Experiments 1 and 2, participants performed 7-day and 15-day training procedures, respectively. Results indicated that after a 7-day training, non-emotional WM training (n = 17) marginally reduced individuals' emotional responses compared with the active control group (n = 18); importantly, this improvement became significant after a 15-day training (n (WM training) = 20, n (active control) = 18). A combination analysis for Experiments 1 and 2 showed that training gains on WM performance were significantly related to reduced emotional responses (r = -0.359), indicating a dosage effect. Therefore, non-emotional WM training provides a safe and effective way to enhance adaptive emotional responses.

Context Matters: The Implications of Workplace Envy Across Contexts

The interpersonal and social aspects of modern work have made envy – the painful emotion experienced at work when one lacks and desires one or more work others’ superior qualities, achievements, or possessions – a practical phenomenon to study in organizational science. With scholarly interest in envy on the rise, this symposium introduces fresh perspectives and further advances scholarly discussion regarding the nature of envy by showcasing four cutting-edge studies. In particular, these studies provide new insights regarding envy, its outcomes, and factors influencing these outcomes across different contexts (e.g., leadership, job search, different cultures), for different targets (the envier, the envied, and the organization), and using diverse methodological approaches (e.g., meta-analysis, experiencing sampling). Attendees will thus learn current directions in workplace envy research from researchers with expertise in the topic area. Following the presentations, Dr. Yochi Cohen-Charash will synthesize the papers in the symposium and lead an interactive discussion on the current state of envy research. As envy is commonly experienced as an undesirable emotion, our symposium seeks to offer a comprehensive understanding of workplace envy, its various outcomes (both the “good” and the “bad”), and strategies to manage envy in ways that can benefit employees and organizations alike, in line with the Academy of Management 2022 theme of “Creating a Better World Together”. The Dark Side of Envy: Implications of Job Search Envy on Health Presenter: Jaewoo Kim; U. of Houston Presenter: Leanne Atwater; U. of Houston Presenter: Jamie Belinne; U. of Houston Exploring Envy as a Mediator between LMX Quality and Work Outcomes Presenter: Hakan Ozcelik; California State U. Sacramento The Bright- and Dark-Side Effects of the Daily Perception of Being Envied by Coworkers Presenter: Harshad Girish Puranik; U. of Illinois at Chicago Presenter: Kathleen Keeler; Ohio State U. Presenter: Haoying Xu; U. of Illinois at Chicago Presenter: Siyi Tao; U. of Illinois at Chicago Envy Beyond Borders: A Meta-Analysis of National Culture and Reactions to Envy Presenter: Manuel F. Gonzalez; Seton Hall U. Presenter: Yochi Cohen-Charash; Baruch College & The Graduate Center, CUNY Presenter: Soohyun Lee; William Paterson U. Presenter: Kim Story Johnson; - Presenter: Paul E. Spector; U. of South Florida

The Method for Identifying Employees' Emotions in Adverse States Incorporating PSO-kNN Algorithm and Multiple Physiological Parameters.

It is well known that we, as human beings, are prone to a variety of undesirable emotions such as excitement, boredom, and fear, all of which are induced by varying degrees of negative states. In this paper, we designed an emotion-evoking experiment to induce calm, excited, bored, and fearful emotions, as well as low, moderate, and high levels of tension. Based on the six physiological signals such as heart rate and respiration rate of the subjects in these emotion states, feature extraction was performed after removing the baseline preprocessing, combined with particle swarm optimisation algorithm for feature selection, and the k-nearest neighbour algorithm was used to classify the different emotion and tension levels in the undesirable states. By comparing the results of several sets of experiments, we found that with baseline removal and particle swarm feature selection optimisation, our experimental results using k-nearest neighbour classification showed a significant improvement in recognition accuracy compared to the traditional k-nearest neighbour algorithm, which indicates that the proposed method has better recognition results.

Cardiovascular therapeutics: A new potential for anxiety treatment?

Besides the well‐recognized risk factors, novel conditions increasing cardiovascular morbidity and mortality are emerging. Undesirable emotions and behavior such as anxiety and depression, appear to participate in worsening cardiovascular pathologies. On the other hand, deteriorating conditions of the heart and vasculature result in disturbed mental and emotional health. The pathophysiological background of this bidirectional interplay could reside in an inappropriate activation of vegetative neurohormonal and other humoral systems in both cardiovascular and psychological disturbances. This results in circulus vitiosus potentiating mental and circulatory disorders. Thus, it appears to be of utmost importance to examine the alteration of emotions, cognition, and behavior in cardiovascular patients. In terms of this consideration, recognizing the potential of principal cardiovascular drugs to interact with the mental state in patients with heart or vasculature disturbances is unavoidable, to optimize their therapeutic benefit. In general, beta‐blockers, central sympatholytics, ACE inhibitors, ARBs, aldosterone receptor blockers, sacubitril/valsartan, and fibrates are considered to exert anxiolytic effect in animal experiments and clinical settings. Statins and some beta‐blockers appear to have an equivocal impact on mood and anxiety and ivabradine expressed neutral psychological impact. It seems reasonable to suppose that the knowledge of a patient's mood, cognition, and behavior, along with applying careful consideration of the choice of the particular cardiovascular drug and respecting its potential psychological benefit or harm might improve the individualized approach to the treatment of cardiovascular disorders.

Psychoreligio-Spiritual Dimension of and Cultural Misperception on Sadness: Implication for Mental Health Anti-Stigma Promotion

Introduction: Sadness is globally regarded as an undesirable emotion. Islamically speaking, there is a misperception where it is latently ingrained as a proscribed emotion. Ironically, it was purposely mentioned in the Qur’anic verse that narrated the historical moment right before the first humans in Islam: Adam and his wife, Eve (Ḥawwā’) were Ordained by Allah to descend on the Earth (Q2: 38). This study supports Islamically integrated psychotherapeutic mental health service to Muslims. It answers the call of underrepresented by academics of Islamic Studies in Islamicizing Psychology, as it is a social duty (farḍ al-kifāyah) to add up resource to Islamic psychotherapeutic practice. Methods: Since it is dealing with the Holy Qur’an, the Qur’anic Thematic Exegetical Analysis (al-Tafsīr al-Mawḍuᶜi) method was applied to verify whether it is proscribed as widely accepted. The selected keyword: ‘sadness’ (Ar. Al-ḥuzn) were searched throughout the Holy Qur’an. Methodically, the proscribed rulings usually originated from negating expression linguistically: the don’ts. So, only the Qur’anic verse with the word ‘lā’ were selected for analysis. Their English translation was from ‘The Qur’an: A New Translation - Oxford World’s Classic (2nd ed.)’ by Prof. Dr. Muhammad Abdel Saied Abdel Haleem, and exegesis was extracted from the Al-Qurtubi’s Exegesis (Tafsīr al-Qurtubī). Results: The analysis showed that there are two (2) categories of the negative expression: (1) denial: “you will not be continuously sad” and (2) negative imperative: “do not be sad!”. The first category does not proscribe rulings jurisprudentially, but the second category does fundamentally. But when adjusted with the style of language used (al-uslūb) and the context of each Qur’anic verse; there is no straightforward proscriptive ruling for being sad. Instead, every verse is persuasively comforting like in a counselling. Conclusion: Therefore, interwoven understanding should be bridged among the linguistics and translation of the Arabic language, Qur’anic revealed knowledge for Islamic preaching, healthcare practice and the laity’s common perception and experience of sadness in reality to eliminate the misperception of the negative imperative: ‘do not be sad!’. It should be straightened to prevent it being a source for negative religious coping because it is a strong predictor of negative health outcomes.

Factors Impacting Why Women Stay in Marital Life with Substance dependent Husbands: A Grounded Theory Study

Introduction: Substance abuse is one of the major factors leading to divorce in Iran. Therefore, this study aimed to present a qualitative model of factors affecting women to stay married with substance-dependent husbands. Methods: The grounded theory in the qualitative paradigm was used. Twenty participants (10 women and 10 experts) were interviewed based on theoretical saturation, purposeful, and snowball sampling, and semi-structured in-depth interviews. The interviews were analyzed using the constant comparative method. Results: The participants’ mean age for women was (M=35.2, SD=7.40, n=10) and for experts was (M= 37. 3, SD= 7.42, n=10), half of whom were men and half were women for experts. The results indicated that causal conditions consisted of the child as a barrier to leaving the marital relationship; feeling satisfied with the marital relationship; the attitudes, expectations, and feelings of the spouses; promising behaviors of the husband; financial dependency on the husband, and level of substance-related disorder. The intervening condition was the family of origin’s role. The women's survival strategies in marital life include the use of supportive resources, increasing awareness, and the use of constructive behaviors. The contextual conditions were social and legal factors. Consequences of the core category (A journey with fear and hope), were desirable and undesirable emotions and experiences. Conclusion: The results indicated that spouses of substance-dependent husbands stay in the marriage, not just due to obstacles like familial, social, legal, and financial factors, but also due to resourceful supports, marital satisfaction, and enjoy having a family with husband and children.

Managing (im) patience of nurses and nurse's aides: Emotional labour and normalizing practices at geriatric facilities.

Nurses and nurse's aides at geriatric facilities face demanding patients and challenging situations that trigger undesired emotions. The psychological implications of care workers' emotional labour have been extensively researched, but not so their emotional experiences and the regulation of these emotions aimed at normalizing the extraordinary situations that arise in the course of geriatric care. The present study is based on data collected in interviews with 36 nurses and nurse's aides, and nine health professionals and management-level employees, on participant observations, and on field notes collected over a period of 14months at two geriatric institutions in Israel. The data reveal the construction of patience and impatience as the pivotal emotional experience that needs regulation to cope successfully with extraordinary situations. The findings suggest that strict patience-display rules were constructed as an occupational impetus that exacts a price by increasing emotional load. Patience was regulated continually by normalizing practices that were culturally embedded in the organizations, by reframing patients' abusive behaviours, and by diffusing undesired emotions using detachment and disengagement practices. The findings contribute to the scarce empirical research on emotional labour of nurse's aides, and to the conceptualization and empirical study of nurses' normalizing regulation practices as cultural-organizational artefacts.

Validating the Chinese Version of Triarchic Model of Grit Scale in Technical–Vocational College Students

The Triarchic Model of Grit Scale (TMGS), a measure that assesses individuals’ dispositions to show perseverance, passion (or consistency of interests) , and adaptability for long-term goals, had acceptable psychometric properties in Filipino student samples. However, there is scant evidence on the validity of this scale in other societies. This research explored the psychometric validity of the Chinese version of TMGS in selected technical–vocational college students in Shenzen, China. Results demonstrated that the scores from the three-factor model of grit were valid and reliable. In addition, whereas perseverance and adaptability were linked to increased life satisfaction and positive emotions, consistency was not related to such criterion variables. Further, perseverance and adaptability were associated with lower negative emotions, while consistency was linked to increased levels of undesirable emotions.

Reframing the Past: Role of Memory Processes in Emotion Regulation

The ability to modulate undesirable emotions is essential for maintaining mental health. Negative emotions can arise both while experiencing and remembering an unpleasant event, which presents a persistent emotion regulation challenge because emotional memories tend to be particularly vivid and enduring. Despite the central role that memories play in our affective lives, little is known about the memory processes supporting successful regulation of emotions associated with long-term memories, which we refer to as retrospective emotion regulation. In this paper, we review the literature on the mechanisms of memory modification, which may contribute to the success of retrospective emotion regulation. In particular, we review rodent and human studies that examine the modification of conditioned fear associations and emotional episodic memories. Based on this literature, we conclude that memory reactivation plays a crucial role in memory modification. We discuss further the potential role of memory reactivation in mediating the success of cognitive reappraisal, which may be considered a special case of memory modification. We propose that the completeness, or strength, of reactivation during retrospective emotion regulation will be related to the likelihood of updating an episodic memory, reducing its emotional impact upon later recall. Understanding the role of memory processes in emotion regulation can help to inform research on memory-based treatments for affective disorders.