Undesirable Development Research Articles

Delphi method applicability in drug foresight

BackgroundThe aim of the current study was to assess the accuracy of expert predictions, which were derived using a Delphi panel foresight study between 2009 and 2011, on a variety of drug-related topics in Finland in 2020.MethodsThe material used to evaluate the accuracy of the predictions consists of published reports on statistics, survey results, official register data, wastewater analyses and official documents. Whenever possible, we used multiple information sources to ascertain possible changes related to the predictions.ResultsBetween 2009 and 2011, the majority – but not all – of the experts accurately predicted an increase in drug use. Indeed, more people experimented with or used drugs, and more drug residues were found in wastewater monitoring. The experts also correctly predicted an increase in population-level approval of drug use, but this development has been rather slow. Contrary to predictions, there was no marked increase in the use of new synthetic drugs. However, the misuse of buprenorphine increased during the 2010s. In the drug market, unit prices were surprisingly stable over the ten-year period. There were no changes in legislation related to the legal status of drugs, as was foreseen by the experts. However, enforcement moved in the direction foreseen by the experts: more lenient measures have been taken against users. Drug care system reforms favored a combination of mental health and addiction care units between 2009 and 2011, and 2020, as foreseen by the experts.ConclusionsIt seems to have been easier for the experts to foresee the continuation of existing trends, e.g., increasing use of drugs or widening approval of drugs, than to predict possible changes in the popularity of distinct groups of drugs such as new psychoactive substances (NPS). Even armed with the prediction that drug imports and wholesale would increasingly fall into the domain of organized crime, this undesirable development could not be stopped. Expert disagreement can also be seen as a valuable indication of uncertainty regarding the future. Foresight related to drug-related issues can produce relatively accurate and realistic views of the future at least up to ten years ahead.

Assessing the ICT development in Iranian cities: The strategy to accelerate digital advancement

Iran is one of the Middle East's developing countries, with a per capita GDP that ranks among the upper middle countries, according to international reports. On the other hand, according to research, the development of e-government in a country is directly tied to that country's economic status. Despite its economic strength, Iran is not well-positioned in the sphere of information and communication technology (ICT), with undesirable development of e-government and ICT infrastructure. The performance of Iranian provinces in the field of ICT development is analyzed in this study utilizing the DEA-CCR model, the Malmquist productivity index (MPI), reciprocal efficiency technique and k-means clustering. The main contribution of this study is that it aids policymakers and top managers by identifying poorly performing provinces, to make thorough preparations to strengthen them, and implement suitable policies and strategies. Indeed, by supporting and developing the weak provinces in the field of ICT, the overall ICT status of the country will improve.

Compensatory exercises as flatfoot prevention in Teamgym

The topic of this article is the issue of flat feet and the effect of compensatory exercises in TeamGym gymnasts. The aim of our study was to investigate and document the effect of specific compensatory exercises on the flatfoot condition in five selected gymnasts competing in TeamGym. The research questions were based on our practical observations and practice sessions with TeamGym gymnasts. Foot arch examination methods were used for the research part. Each athlete underwent initial testing, which included a standing examination, and each proband had her foot imprinted using Footdisc and Podoscope devices, all documented by taking photographs which were compared and evaluated before and after the intervention exercise. The results of the initial examination confirmed a flat foot and uneven foot loading in all gymnasts. Subsequently, interventional compensatory exercise was performed and lasted for three months. Exit examination showed that after regular compensatory exercise, most probands showed some improvement in flat foot loading.
 This work suggests that compensatory exercise should be incorporated into routine training to have a preventive effect on the undesirable development of flatfoot.

LINEAR EVALUATION OF HOLSTEIN BULLS BY THE EXTERIOR TYPE OF THEIR DAUGHTERS IN "OSTRIYKOVSKE" LLC

Introduction. In the context of intensive milk production technologies, the dairy farming industry faces high demands on animal health, constitutional strength and manufacturability due to mechanization and full automation of production processes. Modern methods of breeding involve the creation of highly productive animals that are well adapted to the least costly production technologies, taking into account an objective assessment of their breeding qualities and the application of population genetics.
 Materials and methods of research. The study was conducted based on the materials of primary breeding records in the farm "Ostriykivske" LLC, Kyiv region. Evaluation of the milk production of cows was carried out for 305 days of the last completed lactation on the basis of the database of the dairy farming management system (Intersel-Orsek). An eyeball assessment of the exterior of the firstborn heifers was carried out according to the instructions for boning in the modification of Y. P. Polupan and the method of linear classification by type. The exterior of the animals was studied by taking the main 17 measurements at 2–5 months of lactation.
 The cow type was evaluated using two systems: a linear description of individual exterior traits; evaluation of complex traits on a 100-point scale. The total score was calculated based on complex traits, which in turn were based on linear descriptive traits. In the process of evaluating the animals, the results were recorded in the evaluation sheet for dairy and dairy-meat cows by body type, pre-recording the animal's identification number, nickname, date of birth, date of calving, and lactation number. A total of 114 first-born Holstein cows were evaluated at Ostriykivske LLC.
 Research results In the herd of Ostriykivske LLC, the best score for the complex of traits was obtained by the daughters of the bull sire Lobby 101916210 of the Eleweishna 1491007 line (83.2 points), which corresponds to "good with a plus". The daughters of the bull sire Kingly 101409948 of the H. H. Starbuck 352790 line received the lowest score – 78.0. The lowest score for the complex of limb traits was observed in the daughters of the bull Sleman 7817774 of the Valiant 1650414 line (70.5 points), and the highest in the descendants of Lobby 101916210 – 79.3 points. The variability of scores for udder traits ranged from 76.2 points in the daughters of Tandem 9434213 to 80.8 points in the daughters of Lobby 101916210 with a difference of 4.6 points between these extreme variants.
 In addition, the evaluated cows have undesirable development of certain appearance traits, such as additional teats, close proximity of the hind teats, rudiments behind the teats, underdeveloped udder lobes, and diseased limbs. Thus, the use of the linear classification methodology allows you to obtain information about the features of the body structure, identify the advantages and disadvantages of cattle.
 Such quantitative traits as milk yield, milk fat and protein yield are economically important for dairy producers. The obtained results of the research show that the best score for the complex of traits (83.2 points) and the highest milk yield (milk yield – 10560 kg; fat – 3.92%; protein – 3.15%) are observed in daughters of the bull of the sire Lobby 101916210 of the line Eleveishna 1491007.65. It was found that the firstborn cows with the best type indices are characterized by high milk production. Selection of the best performers by linear evaluation by type for the repair of the dairy herd of firstborn cows will provide more functional reliability and high milk production.
 Conclusions. Thus, the use of the linear classification methodology in dairy cattle breeding allows to objectively determine the characteristics of cows by type of appearance, and the existence of a relationship between milk production and group linear traits is the key to the effectiveness of animal selection by type of appearance.

ANALYSIS OF THE SITUATION ON THE OBSERVED SCENE CONTAINING MANY MOVING OBJECTS

Abstract. In many processes, control is based on the classification of the current states of objects of interest or situations and the selection of appropriate control actions. In the presented work, the task of classifying dynamic situations based on the analysis of the received video sequence is considered, for example, when monitoring traffic, observing the behavior of a crowd of people or animals, etc. abnormal, dangerous, etc.). At the same time, the classification of situations by separate static images of similar observed scenes can be difficult, physically unrealizable or impractical. The aim of the study is to increase the efficiency of process management by using some features (signs) of dynamic situations for classification. Automatic classification of current dynamic situations in such processes will allow timely organization of measures to correct undesirable development of situations and/or reduce possible predicted losses. A technique for classifying dynamic situations based on the analysis of motion parameters identified by the transformer network and subsequent classification implemented by the perceptron is presented. As a demonstration example, the classification of street situations determined by people's behavior is investigated. Examples of distinguished classes of situations are given, confirming the possibility of implementing the proposed methodology.

Identification of alkaline-induced thiolyl-chlorogenic acid conjugates with cysteine and glutathione

Alkaline reactions of chlorogenic acid (CGA) yield undesirable development of brown or green pigments, limiting the utilization of alkalized CGA-rich foods. Thiols such as cysteine and glutathione mitigate pigment formation through several mechanisms, including redox coupling to reduce CGA quinones, and thiol conjugation, which forms colorless thiolyl-CGA compounds that do not readily participate in color-generating reactions. This work provided evidence of the formation of both aromatic and benzylic thiolyl-CGA conjugate species formed with cysteine and glutathione under alkaline conditions in addition to hydroxylated conjugate species hypothesized to arise from reactions with hydroxyl radicals. Formation of these conjugates proceeds more quickly than CGA dimerization and amine addition reactions mitigating pigment development. Differentiation between aromatic and benzylic conjugates is enabled by characteristic fragmentation of CS bonds. Acyl migration and hydrolysis of the quinic acid moiety of thiolyl-CGA conjugates yielded a variety of isomeric species also identified through untargeted LC-MS methods.

Power-free bipolar membrane electrodialysis for acid-alkali production in river estuaries

Recent studies suggest that 2–2.6 TW blue energy can be harvested by mixing coastal seawater with freshwater world widely, but the extractable part was limited due to undesired development of conversion techniques. In this study, a novel power-free bipolar membrane electrodialysis process is proposed for the closed-loop utilization of salinity gradient energy and the salt resources in seawater. The system was evaluated using theoretical and experimental methods. Significance of the various membrane modules and operational conditions was evaluated. Based on fluid dynamics simulations and fluid online imaging technologies, a prototype electro-membrane reactor was fabricated to maximize the achievable energy and acid/base products. The acid production rate reached 6.9 mmol h−1 when feeding simulated seawater (30 g/L NaCl) and river water (1 g/L NaCl). The protocols provided in this work offer an effective route for developing advanced membrane processes for the harvesting of salinity gradient energy and acid-alkali production.

The Watchdogs Network: A model for continuous monitoring of AVMSD rules

The Audiovisual Media Services Directive (AVMSD) overhaul in 2018 includes video sharing platform services (VSPs), which provide content in an automated way, including user-generated content (UGC). This change is tantamount to a paradigm shift, as these multi-sided platforms differ starkly from the actors that had previously been regulated under the AVMSD. The AVMSD seems to have answered the question, what kind of rules we need. However, problems of implementation and application will not become apparent until later, and only then will it become clear which of the VSPs’ measures are truly expedient and appropriate. To know which rules are precise enough to provide legal certainty while also dynamic enough to adapt to technological developments, we need permanent monitoring processes – as described in our governance cycle. The prerequisite for permanent monitoring processes is fair and transparent data accesses, the design of which is also a fundamental challenge, as we will explain by the house of data access. Continuous monitoring processes are complex procedures involving many layers of competence. But they are also opportunities to timely catch and quickly correct misdevelopments. By implementing the two-step watchdog model in a bigger network, undesirable developments can be recognized at an earlier stage, because watchdogs are strengthened as information purveyors.

Towards accessibility planning 3.0 in Portugal (and elsewhere): a manifesto for change inspired by children’s studies

: There is consensus in Portugal and elsewhere that accessibility planning constitutes a suitable replacement for conventional transport planning only when it relies on technocratic processes informed by sophisticated planning support tools fed by advanced accessibility metrics. This article identifies the historical roots of this consensus and assesses it as an undesirable development. After this point of departure, and through empirical research with children conducted in Portugal, the article offers constructive insights into how accessibility planning might be rescued from the technocratic rule both in substantive and processual terms. These insights entail two key dimensions. The first concerns how children would shape the urban environments they inhabit to move away from car-based mobility and toward child-friendly accessibilities. The second concerns how children’s voices can be integrated into accessibility planning practices so that the prevailing technocratic context can be challenged. The insights gathered are promising, even though future steps should be carefully considered so that children’s abilities to navigate both in urban and participatory environments can be gradually cultivated despite the highly protective cultural norms en vogue.

Energy Security in the Context of Geopolitical Instability

Problem setting. Energy is the main resource, and therefore acts as an object of strategic interest and policy. There are many uncertainties in modern energy governance, as it is influenced by many political positions that have different approaches to how best to achieve the desired future and avoid undesirable developments in the energy market. The energy transition should be recognised as one of the main pressures that increasingly complicate and restructure energy supply pathways. The shifts it generates are not only purely technical, but also social, conceptual and political. Obviously, energy supply is in some way linked to national identity, the position a state takes in international relations, and technological development. However, as energy markets and resource supply chains are becoming increasingly global, national approaches to energy security (security of supply) are responding to international developments, in particular the Russian aggression against Ukraine, to varying degrees. Аnalysis of resent researches and publications. In the scientific literature, energy security, as well as energy sovereignty, are defined differently, since there is no clear consensus among researchers on these phenomena, but there are some dominant approaches. Over the past decade, domestic authors have devoted a lot of attention to the study of the conflict of ensuring energy security of Ukraine in the context of the need to make geopolitical choices. However, the problem of ensuring energy security in martial law and the post-war period is only being raised in scientific research, which determines its relevance. The target of the research is to determine the priority directions of energy policy to improve energy security based on the analysis of the problems of functioning of national energy security systems, as well as current threats to vital national interests in this area. Article’s main body. The issue of energy security is one of the cornerstones of the energy policy of modern states. The Russian-Ukrainian conflicts that began in 2006, in the phases of their greatest aggravation (2014 and 2022), significantly affect gas supplies, which have a very negative impact on the functioning of the EU and impede the implementation of the course of the global energy transition to a low-carbon economy. The concept of energy security has been studied by various authors and, although there is no consensus on its content, it is important for both individual states and regions, in particular Europe. An expanded concept of energy security based on three aspects should be considered optimal: sovereignty, reliability and sustainability. Conclusions and prospects for the development. An indicator of the effectiveness and balance of the national energy strategy is the moderate dependence of the state on imports of foreign energy resources. From the point of view of economic security, there is a need to build a balanced diversified structure of energy imports to avoid dependence (dictate) on individual exporting countries. The imbalance of foreign economic strategy in the energy sector is one of the reasons for the acute energy crisis in most European countries. The energy-related causes of the crisis are the inability of most states to significantly reduce energy consumption and increase the innovative component of technological renewal of the fuel and economic complex. Prevention of such crises requires a transition from the traditional paradigm of ensuring economic growth through the import of cheap energy to the strategy of energy saving and increasing the use of renewable energy sources, which is in line with the principles of sustainable development.

The birth of the "digital turn" in bioethics?

The so-called "empirical turn" in bioethics gave rise to extensive theoretical and methodological debates and has significantly shaped the research landscape from two decades ago until the present day. Attentive observers of the evolution of the bioethical research field now notice a new trend towards the inclusion of data science methods for the treatment of ethical research questions. This new research domain of "digital bioethics" encompasses both studies replacing (or complementing) socio-empirical research on bioethical topics ("empirical digital bioethics") and argumentative approaches towards normative questions in the healthcare domain ("argumentative digital bioethics"). This article draws on insights taken from the debate on the "empirical turn" for sounding out perspectives for the newly developing field of "digital bioethics." We particularly discuss the disciplinary boundaries, chances and challenges, and potentially undesirable developments of the research field. The article closes with concrete suggestions on which debates need to be initiated and which measures need to be taken so that the path forward of "digital bioethics" will be a scientific success.

Health economic evaluation of digital nursing technologies: a review of methodological recommendations

BackgroundHealth economic evaluation of digital nursing technologies (DNT) is important to provide information that helps avoid undesirable developments and implementations as well as increase the chances of success of developed applications. At the same time, studies and evidence on cost-effectiveness are still very rare in this field. Review studies in related technology areas such as telemedicine frequently criticise the quality and comparability of health economic evaluations conducted in this field. Based on a content analysis of methodological literature on the economic evaluation of innovative (digital) technologies in health and nursing, this article aims to identify specific challenges in this research area and offers recommendations on how to address these challenges to promote more sound health economic evaluations in the future.MethodsA rapid review was conducted, consisting of a systematic search in the Pubmed database as well as Google Scholar. In addition, the literature lists of the analysed texts were scoured for additional texts to be included. Methodological literature, single studies, and reviews were included. A total of 536 studies were screened, of which 29 were included in the full text analysis.ResultsBased on the systematic content analysis of the studies under consideration, 10 specific methodological challenges are identified, and the methodological recommendations were examined for consideration. A particular focus was given to whether specific methodological approaches might be needed in the context of evaluating the efficiency of DNT.ConclusionMany of the challenges identified for the health economic evaluations of digital nursing technologies are comparable to those of other complex health care interventions. The recommendations discussed can help to alleviate those challenges. Future research should focus on alternative approaches to assessing causality in different phases of technology development while maintaining high evidence standards. High-evidence economic assessment of technologies in nursing care should be carried out in routine use, especially if they are intended to be reimbursed by the social insurance.

Impact of capital structure on performance of microfinance institutions

Microfinance institutions play a crucial role in poverty alleviation and provide financial services to low-income households. Microfinance growth rate is quite high in Asia but an undesirable development is achieved due to high borrowing cost and inadequate reserves. For microfinance institutions, there is a need to determine a suitable mix of financing to stay sustainable. This study examines the impact of capital structure on the performance of microfinance institutions in Asia. Using a unique unbalanced panel data set of 253 microfinance institutions from 2000 to 2015, performance is measured in terms of sustainability, financial performance, social performance and efficiency. It is evident from the findings that capital structure and microfinance characteristics play a significant role in the performance. Grants to assets increase operational self-sufficiency and debt to equity increases the financial self-sufficiency of microfinance institutions. Microfinance characteristics like borrowers, loan intensity, and size of institutions upsurge sustainability. Banks and NGOs positively affect the financial and social performance of microfinance institutions. Deposit to asset ratio, debt to assets, and debt to equity impact outreach and return on the asset while grants decrease financial self-sufficiency and return on equity. At macroeconomic level, gross domestic product contributes to sustainability and management efficiency. However, inflation declines financial performance. Implications emerge from the findings are a crucial element in the performance of financial institutions. Microfinance institutions should maintain an optimal capital to ensure that their going concern is assured a all times. Therefore, managers should appropriately justify capital structure to stay sustainable.

Rosmarinus officinalis Might be Exploited as a Natural Antifouling Agent: A Potentially Promising Strategy for Curbing Membrane Biofouling

Membrane biofouling is the coverage of membrane surfaces due to undesirable development of biofilms causing a decrease and subsequent loss of productivity in water treatment settings. Continuous use of synthetic chemicals against biofouling is inept as it leads to the emergence of multi-antibiotic resistance. Application of natural products such as plants can be apt in curbing biofouling while checking the resistance challenge. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of Rosmarinus officinalis in the control of membrane biofouling. Bacteria from biofouling environments were subjected to a biofilm confirmation test and identified at cultural, morphological, biochemical and molecular levels. Leaves of R.officinalis were extracted in solvents of varying polarity and activities. These extracts were evaluated against bacterial biofilm formation via minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration (MBIC), minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) and mesocosm bioassays. Biofilm formation was confirmed in 68% of the isolates identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus. The methanol and ethyl acetate extracts of R.officinalis indicated the least MICs (0.313mg/L and 1.25mg/L) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus, respectively. Both extracts recorded the highest MBIC (50.00%) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The peak MBEC (57.88%) was obtained from the methanol extract against Staphylococcus aureus and this same extract inhibited 56.23% density of bacterial biofilms on glass slides.The methanol and ethyl acetate crude extracts of R. officinalis appreciably reduced bacterial biofilms; hence, this plant can be exploited as a natural antifouling agent, with reduced toxicity and low risk of resistance.

How to Assess Sustainable Planning Processes of Buildings? A Maturity Assessment Model Approach for Designers

Over the past decades, it has become apparent that increasing demands in the construction industry have repeatedly led to project delays and increased project costs in practice. These demands have increased as a result of international and national action plans that have been developed to achieve the climate target paths and, therefore, the necessary reduction of CO2 emissions in the construction industry. We address this problem by developing a sustainable construction maturity model (SCOMM) to answer the following research question: “What is a holistic quality assurance tool for the early design phase of buildings to monitor (sustainable) planning practices in order to achieve better certification results?”. The model includes a self-assessment procedure for the building design process, based on Software Process Improvement and Capability dEtermination (SPiCE) and the German Sustainable Building Council (DGNB) building certification system. The results show that systemic interactions between sustainability criteria can be identified in the early design phase, allowing the quality of planning practices to be evaluated and early project management to be implemented to achieve the best certification results. Our findings will enable clients and users of the construction industry to better manage the complexity of the sustainable design process and avoid undesirable developments in building projects.

Cardiac cell therapy-Lost in translation?

Die kardiale Zelltherapie hat über zwei Dekaden bewegter Geschichte hinter sich, in denen sich die Wahrnehmung des Herzens als Organ, bestehend aus einer fixierten Zahl terminal differenzierter Kardiomyozyten, fundamental geändert hat. Plötzlich galt bzw. gilt das Myokard als regenerierbar – durch intrinsische Vorläuferzellen, induzierbare Proliferation, aber v. a. durch exogene, transplantierte Zellen. Während die klinische Translation echter Kardiomyozyten, gewonnen durch zelluläre Reprogrammierung, nur langsam vorankommt, wurde eine Vielzahl klinischer Studien mit Zellprodukten somatischen Ursprungs durchgeführt. Diese beruhten zumeist auf Annahmen bzw. experimentell erhobenen Daten bezüglich der Plastizität adulter Vorläuferzellen, die sich im Nachhinein als nichthaltbar erwiesen haben. Dementsprechend waren auch der Ergebnisse der klinischen Studien bei genauer Betrachtung wenig überzeugend, wurden jedoch trotzdem oft ausgesprochen optimistisch dargestellt. Mittlerweile gilt die kardiale Zelltherapie mit Zellen somatischen Ursprungs als gescheitert. Die Etappen dieser Ära zu rekapitulieren, kann helfen, derartige Fehlentwicklungen in Zukunft frühzeitig zu erkennen und zu verhindern.

СТВОРЕННЯ ПОЛІТИКО-ПРАВОВОГО МЕХАНІЗМУ ВРЕГУЛЮВАННЯ ВНУТРІШНЬОГО ЗБРОЙНОГО КОНФЛІКТУ ТА ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ ШЛЯХІВ ЙОГО РЕАЛІЗАЦІЇ

The issue of resolving internal armed conflicts is one of the important topics discussed in many countries around the world. The practice of the first two decades of the XXI century has shown that the settlement of internal armed conflict is possible only by creating a mechanism to influence the behavior of various groups and members of illegal armed groups. There are two main areas of research to resolve internal armed conflict. The first develops within the framework of legal disciplines and aims to determine the legal norms of conflict resolution. The second direction is focused on finding mutually acceptable agreement between the parties to the conflict by political means. The above allows the political and legal mechanism for resolving internal armed conflict to understand the activities of law enforcement agencies and authorities at various levels, which aims to eliminate undesirable developments and create conditions for conflict resolution. The political and legal mechanism for resolving internal armed conflict is proposed to include: subjects (participants, parties) of the conflict and the subject of its settlement; political and legal basis for the activities of entities to resolve internal armed conflict; ways, means, and forces of conflict resolution. The main ways to implement the mechanism for resolving internal armed conflict should be identified: recovery and assistance to local authorities; work with the local population; disarmament of members of illegal armed groups formations and organization of their entry into peaceful life; reconstruction of destroyed facilities during hostilities. The mechanism for resolving internal armed conflict may include the following ways to resolve it: - elimination of contradictions; - conflict containment (crisis prevention); - rehabilitation and assistance to local authorities; - work with the local population; - elimination of the conflict (which, in turn, includes its termination and in particular elimination); - disarmament of members of illegal armed groups and organization of their entry into peaceful life; - reconstruction of destroyed facilities during hostilities. It is possible to resolve the internal armed conflict only if an effective mechanism is created through which the behavior of various groups of the population and members of illegal armed groups could be influenced. The concept of mechanism is widely used in various humanitarian fields, including the military, which means the use of certain tools using selected methods to achieve goals. For the effective functioning of the political and legal mechanism for resolving internal armed conflict, it is proposed to include the following main components: subjects (participants, parties) of the conflict and the subject of its settlement; the political basis of the activities of the entities for the settlement of internal armed conflict; the legal basis for the activities of entities to resolve internal armed conflict; ways, means, and forces of conflict resolution. The main ways to implement the mechanism for resolving internal armed conflict should be identified: recovery and assistance to local authorities; work with the local population; disarmament of NPF participants and organization of their entry into peaceful life; reconstruction of destroyed facilities during hostilities. The implementation of political, social and economic measures in combination with measures to eliminate illegal armed groups is an important condition for resolving internal armed conflicts.

Messen von Kooperation – Der KOOP‐Quickcheck der Österreichischen Bautechnikvereinigung

AbstractCooperation on the construction site means less stress, a better atmosphere, working together to find solutions and fun at work. This gives the opportunity to focus more on the technical challenges, because much less time is needed to settle disputes. This also requires significantly less administrative cost and thus ensures greater efficiency, because any improvement in communication creates trust and openness, reduces controversial correspondence and the risk of misunderstandings. The working group ”Cooperative Project Management“ of the ÖBV, launched a pilot project in 2016 to measure the cooperation on construction sites. Ongoing anonymous surveys of key people in a construction project were intended to establish mutual cooperation and, in particular, to monitor its development over time. On the basis of these findings, it should be possible to detect and counteract any undesirable developments in cooperation on construction projects at an early stage.

LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR THE POST-PANDEMIC TOURISM IN BALI

Tourism can only thrive when customers feel welcome. Especially in the time of the restart of the tourism industry after the pandemic, there may be an opportunity for the Indonesian tourism industry to correct undesirable developments in the past in order to promote a type of tourism that is sustainable, honest and effective. This concerns economic and strategic marketing decisions, such as addressing specific target groups for tourism services, but also legal framework conditions. Corresponding legal framework conditions can be found particularly in consumer protection law and competition law, but also in the hierarchy between Indonesian federal law and local law. From the point of view of a foreign observer, the paper would like to highlight some legal aspects that could be important for a rebalancing of tourism.

Die Zukunft der deutschen Psychiatrie

The Future of German Psychiatry. An (un)realistic reform proposal for psychiatry From the existing deficits and undesirable developments in German psychiatry, more or less realistic recommendations for the future are derived here and their chances are assessed. The current psychiatric paradigm has not yet fulfilled many of its promises; extensive institution-centredness still allows for profit extraction on a considerable scale. In order to develop a psychiatric help system that meets the legitimate expectations of those affected, a paradigmatic shift is needed so that contexts can be created in which recovery is systematically possible, coercion is avoided and human rights are no longer violated, as well as the promise of social and work inclusion is seriously fulfilled. For this, concepts such as recovery and trauma-informed treatment as well as outpatient team-based treatment models such as Open Dialogue and Supported Employment are available, which are quite demanding for professionals. Effective psychiatry, especially for people with so-called severe mental illnesses, must be offered in the living environment, competently, relationship-oriented and long-term.