Child undernutrition remains a significant public health concern in Malaysia, with implications for long-term growth, development, and health outcomes. Conventional indicators of underweight (UW), stunting (ST), and wasting (WT), which are widely used, may underestimate the true burden. This study aims to assess the prevalence and risk factors of undernutrition among children under five in Malaysia using both traditional measures and the Composite Index of Anthropometric Failure (CIAF). A secondary analysis was conducted using data from the National Health and Morbidity Survey (NHMS) 2022: Maternal and Child Health. Approximately 17,176 children under five were included in the study. Nutritional status was assessed using the WHO growth standards. The CIAF was applied to capture all forms of anthropometric failure. The complex sampling module in IBM SPSS 26 was used to analyse the data. Multivariable logistic regression models were performed to identify associated factors based on conventional indicators and CIAF classifications. The prevalence of UW, ST, and WT was 15.3%, 21.2%, and 11.0%, respectively. The CIAF revealed an overall prevalence of undernutrition at 32.4% (95% CI: 31.0, 33.8), comprising 12.4% (95% CI: 11.5, 13.3) ST only, 4.9% (95% CI: 4.2, 5.7) WT only, and 1.8% (95% CI: 1.5, 2.1) UW only. Approximately 13.3% of the children exhibited more than one anthropometric failure. The determinants of underweight (region, strata, age, household income, and birth weight and length), stunting (region, strata, ethnicity, and birth weight and length), and wasting (region, age, sex, household income, and birth weight) varied, whereas the determinants for undernutrition based on the CIAF were region, strata, and birth weight and length. The CIAF offers a comprehensive representation by uncovering overlapping nutritional deficiencies that are often underestimated by conventional indicators. Integrating the CIAF into national monitoring systems could improve the precision of nutrition policies and ensure targeted, cost-effective interventions.

Body weight status, including both underweight and overweight, has been associated with developmental risks, yet its impact on neurophysiological and executive functions remains underexplored. This study investigated neurophysiological and executive function differences among underweight (UW), overweight (OW), and normal-weight (NW) children and adolescents (aged 8-16 years). Participants (N = 73) underwent assessments of executive functions (e.g., working memory, decision-making, attention) and EEG measurements across three phases: resting state, task reactivity, and post-task recovery. ANOVA revealed significant group differences in working memory, with the UW group performing worse on Digit Span. Although decision-making and attention did not differ substantially between groups, distinct EEG patterns were observed. Specifically, OW individuals displayed elevated theta activity during post-task phases, reflecting potential neural fatigue or inefficient cortical regulation following the task. Both UW and OW groups showed atypical increases in gamma activity, suggesting compensatory or disrupted cortical functioning. These findings underscore subtle neurophysiological and cognitive vulnerabilities associated with abnormal weight statuses, highlighting the importance of early neurodevelopmental screening and intervention strategies in pediatric populations. Children and adolescents with underweight or overweight status exhibit distinct EEG reactivity patterns during cognitive task recovery, suggesting early neurophysiological alterations not detectable through behavioral observation alone. Despite comparable daily executive functioning and behavioral symptoms across groups, subtle differences in working memory and brain activation indicate that weight-related cognitive risks may emerge before functional impairments are visible. These findings underscore the importance of integrating neurocognitive screening into pediatric health monitoring and suggest that interventions addressing childhood weight issues should encompass both physical and neurodevelopmental health domains.

Background: Malnutrition, encompassing underweight (UW) and overweight or obesity (OW/OB), is a global health challenge that significantly impacts children’s physical fitness and motor development. Purpose: As limited research exists on these relationships in young children, this study investigated differences in health-related physical fitness (HRPF), motor-related physical fitness (MRPF) and motor skills (MS) in UW and OW/OB children and associations between these fitness characteristics and body composition parameters. Research Design: A cross-sectional study design was used. Sample: 298 children (150 boys, 148 girls; mean age 6.84 ± 0.96 years) was drawn from the ExAMIN Youth SA and the BC-IT studies in the North-West Province of South Africa. Data Collection and Analysis: Measurements included anthropometric measures, body composition assessed using bioelectrical impedance analysis, and evaluations of HRPF, MRPF, and MS). Data were analysed using SPSS (v. 26.0). Results: In the group, 26% were underweight, 11.1% overweight, and 8% obese. OW/OB children had poorer physical and motor fitness (p < .05) and motor skills (p > .05) than normal-weight (NW) peers, while underweight children significantly outperformed both OW and OB and normal-weight children. All body composition parameters were largely and negatively associated with strength, aerobic capacity (r > 0.5), speed, agility and balance in obese children. Fat-free mass, body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference revealed positive, more minor and inconsistent associations (r > 0.2) in NW and UW children. Waist circumference (WC) and FFM correlated positively with balance and catching in UW and NW children, with negative correlations between balance and BMI and WC in overweight and obese groups. Conclusions: These different degrees of associations with physical and motor fitness and motor skills in under- and overweight children are important when designing early interventions to prevent childhood obesity.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between radiation dose, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and image quality in routine CT scan. Emphasis is placed on the influence of anatomical regions and patient BMI on the metrics of image quality. A retrospective analysis was carried out on 136 patients (66 males and 70 females) who underwent routine CT examinations of the brain, thorax, and abdomen using a 16-slice CT scanner manufactured by GE Healthcare, USA. The Patients were categorized according to body mass index (BMI) as underweight (UW), normal weight (NW), overweight (OW), and obese classifications (OB). The image quality was assessed by measuring the signal intensity, noise (i.e. standard deviation S.D), and computing the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) across the CT brain, CT thorax and CT abdomen. Statistical analysis, such as student’s t-tests, were conducted to evaluate differences in image quality metrics between both genders and BMI groups, with a significant p- value of &lt; 0.05. The study recorded no significant differences in signal intensity, noise levels, and SNR between patients from both genders across the three anatomical regions (p &gt; 0.05), suggesting that the imaging protocols ensured uniform image quality irrespective of gender. Nonetheless, as BMI increased, signal intensity and noise levels exhibited a significant increase (p &lt; 0.05). Significantly, the SNR increased with increased BMI, indicating that larger patients had adequate radiation doses to improve image quality. Notwithstanding the increase in noise associated with increased BMI, the protocol effectively optimized the SNR to guarantee diagnostic image quality. Radiation dose tailoring according to anatomical region and BMI is important for image quality enhancement in CT scans, while reducing radiation exposure. These findings support the adoption of patient-specific dose optimization procedures in clinical practice to enhance diagnostic results.

BackgroundUndernourished children are at risk of mortality and infection and tend to present with impaired cognitive and physical development with potentially lower physical fitness and motor skill competence. This meta-analysis aimed to compare the physical fitness and motor skill competence of underweight (UW) 3–12-year-old children to that of normal-weight (NW) peers of the same age.MethodsPubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus were systematically searched (last update: April 4th, 2024). The methodological quality of the studies was assessed with the Scottish Intercollegiate Guideline Network checklist. Pooled standardized mean differences (SMD; Hedges’ g) were calculated using random-effects meta-analyses. Heterogeneity was considered too high if the I-squared value exceeded 50%. Then, subgroup analysis was considered. The level of evidence was estimated using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) method.ResultsSeventeen studies were included in the meta-analysis on physical fitness, while six focused on motor skills, with one study contributing to both. Overall, children with UW have slightly lower physical fitness (SMD = -0.10) and motor skill competence (SMD = -0.12) compared to their NW peers, but the evidence to support this is very low. In North America and Europe, there was no significant difference in physical fitness between the groups. Asian and African children with UW have slightly but significantly weaker strength than NW peers (Asia: SMD = -0.21 Africa: SMD = -0.27). Asian UW children present with weaker anaerobic capacity (SMD = -0.25), whereas African UW children have less flexibility (SMD = -0.16) than NW peers.ConclusionUW children are less fit and have weaker motor skills than NW peers. Specifically in developing regions, UW children exhibited slightly but significantly poorer performance in specific fitness domains. Therefore, not all UW children will experience these problems. The heterogeneity across the studies may have masked the true differences. Future research on these children is needed to help us understand their profiles better.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42023446239.

This study investigates the differences in limb coordination patterns and energy transfer strategies during sit-to-stand (STS) transitions among young adults (18-30 years) with overweight (OW), normal weight (NW), and underweight (UW) conditions, providing a theoretical foundation for understanding the impact of BMI variations on movement control mechanisms and informing health intervention strategies. Forty participants were classified into OW, NW, and UW groups. Motion data were collected via an infrared motion capture system and force plate. Biomechanical indices were computed using Visual 3D and MATLAB2020a. Coordination patterns were assessed using vector coding, and the segmental net power was analyzed to evaluate energy flow during STS. Statistical analyses were performed using one-way ANOVA (α = 0.05). Compared to the NW and UW groups, the OW group exhibited significant differences in movement coordination patterns and energy flow. In terms of coordination patterns, the OW group adopted more hip-knee distal coordination patterns in the FMP phase and more knee-ankle proximal coordination patterns. In the MTP phase, the OW group exhibited a lower frequency of hip-ankle anti-phase coordination patterns compared to the UW group. In the EP phase, the OW group showed a lower frequency of trunk-pelvis proximal coordination patterns than the UW group (p < 0.05). Regarding energy flow, in the FMP phase, the OW group exhibited higher joint power (JP) and segment power (SP) in the trunk compared to the UW group. In the pelvic segment, both JP and SP were higher in the OW group than in the NW and UW groups. In the thigh segment, muscle power (MP) was higher in the OW group than in the NW and UW groups, and SP was higher than in the NW group (p < 0.05). Changes in BMI affect movement coordination and energy transfer strategies during STS. OW individuals compensate for insufficient hip drive by relying on trunk and pelvic power, which may increase the knee and trunk load over time. In contrast, UW individuals exhibit greater lower-limb flexibility and rely on trunk-pelvis coordination to compensate for stability deficits. Future research should develop targeted exercise interventions to optimize movement patterns and reduce injury risk across BMI groups.

Introduction: Geographically isolated and disadvantaged areas (GIDA) are generally characterised by high morbidity and mortality of children. Undernutrition makes under-five children more vulnerable to disease and death. This study aimed to assess nutritional status and determine factors affecting undernourished children under five in GIDA. Methods: The study utilised data from children aged 0-59 months obtained from the 2018-2021 Expanded National Nutrition Survey (ENNS). GIDA were identified and 5,600 children were included in the analysis. Descriptive and multiple logistic regression analyses were employed to investigate associations between nutritional status of children [including stunting, underweight (UW), and wasting] and various factors including child-related, household-related, and biochemical markers. Results: Prevalence of UW, stunting, and wasting among children in GIDA were 39.7%, 24.1%, and 6.2%, respectively. Anaemia was of mild public health significance. Multiple logistic analysis revealed significant associations between stunting and vitamin A deficiency (VAD), food insecurity, and unimproved sources of drinking water; underweight and older age, anaemia, VAD, urban residence, and poor wealth; wasting and younger age, being female, and poor wealth. Conclusion: Existence of all forms of undernutrition in GIDA intensifies risk of mortality and morbidity among children. This study recommends that government sectors prioritise implementation of nutrition and food supplementation programmes in GIDA where the healthcare system continues to be at a disadvantage. The persistent constraints in GIDA should be addressed to improve food accessibility.

Obesity is caracterized as an excessive accumulation of body fat that can adversely affect individual health. In this study, we recruited 69 schoolchildren (33 boys and 36 girls; age: 11.5±2.5) from different school locations, that were classified according to body mass for age in: underweight (UW), eutrophic (E) or overweight/obese (Ow/Ob). We assessed anthropometry parameters, physical fitness tests, and conducted biochemical analysis of some salivary markers. Our analysis revealed that girls had higher body weight and subcutaneous fat, but with lower levels of muscular and aerobic endurance, compared to boys (p&lt;0.05). Interestingly, obese boys demonstrated a decline in aerobic fitness capacity during a walk-run test relative to their eutrophic peers. This decline in aerobic capacity was also positively associated with elevated triglyceride levels in saliva. Salivary uric acid were positively associated with physical fitness. The lower levels of this parameter in Ow/Ob group could be due to loss of antioxidant status induced by this condition. In conclusion, this study highlights the relevant effect of physical activity on body composition and biochemical markers. It suggests that chronic exercise among schoolchildren could be a relevant strategy to mitigate the metabolic and redox imbalances associated with overweight and obesity.

Background: Adolescent obesity and overweight (OW) prevalence are rising quickly. The present study was done to assess the prevalence of OW and obesity and its association with demographic and etiological factors. Methods: An observational study including 386 adolescents aged 10-19 years was conducted using a pre-designed questionnaire. Anthropometric measurements of weight (kg) and height (cm) were taken and body mass index (BMI) calculated by weight (kg)/height2(m2). The weight status was classified as underweight (UW) &lt;5th percentile, healthy weight (HW) between the 5th and &lt;85th percentile, OW between &gt;85th and &lt;95th percentile, and obese (OB) equal to or &gt;95th percentile using the CDC percentile ranking for BMI-for-age. Statistical data analysis was done by SPSS software version 20. P&lt;0.05 was considered significant. Results: The mean age of adolescents in early, mid, and late adolescent age groups were 11.52 (1.13), 15.01 (0.82), and 17.72 (0.77) years respectively. The overall mean age of adolescents was 14.19 (2.63) years. The mean weight, height, and BMI of adolescents were 44.84 (11.35) kg, 1.54 (0.12) meters, and 18.91 (3.89) kg/m2 respectively. The prevalence of OW and obesity was 11.7%, and 5.4% respectively. A significant association was found between OW and obesity with upper socioeconomic status (p&lt;0.0001), daily junk food intake (p&lt;0.0001), screen time of more than 2 hours per day (p&lt;0.0001), and no or decreased physical activity (p&lt;0.0001). Conclusions: Adolescent obesity is a prevalent issue that requires early primordial and primary intervention through coordinated policy activities made by policymakers and medical professionals.

We have read your article titled "Association Between Body Mass Index and Cognitive Function Among Older Adults in India: Findings from a Cross-Sectional Study" with great interest. In this study, the authors hypothesized that older individuals with higher body mass index (BMI) have beter cognitive functions. However, we have noticed some major problems in the study's designand interpretation. The study categorized patients' BMIs using the World Health Organization's definition as &amp;lt;18.5, 18.5-24.9, 25.0-29.9, and ≥30.0 kg/m2, which were referred to as under weight (UW), normal weight (NW), overweight (OW), and obese. While these reference values are generally accepted in the young adult population, the optimal BMI values for mortality and malnutrition are reported differently in older adults. The suggested cut off values in nutritional assessment scales are higher than ≥20.0 kg/m2 (e.g, normal values in MNA are&amp;gt;23 kg/m2, in MUST score&amp;gt;20 kg/m2, or in NRS-2002 &amp;gt;20.5 kg/m2). Additionally, in a large-scale meta-analysis, it was reported that the geriatric population had the lowest mortality rate between a BMI of 23-30 kg/m2.

The association of moderate and severe dementia with low body mass index (BMI) is well described, but weight decline seems to also occur in individuals with preclinical neuropathologies. Considering that up to one-fifth of individuals with normal cognition meet the criteria for a dementia-related neuropathological diagnosis, autopsy studies are key to detecting preclinical neurodegenerative and cerebrovascular diseases that could be underlying weight changes. We investigated the association between dementia-related brain lesions and BMI and evaluated whether the cognitive function was a mediator of this association. In 1,170 participants, sociodemographic data, clinical history, and cognitive post-mortem evaluation were assessed with an informant. Neuropathological evaluation was performed in all cases. Linear regression models were used to investigate the association between neuropathological lesions (exposure variable) and BMI (outcome) adjusted for demographic, clinical, and cognitive variables in the whole sample, and in only those with normal cognition. Corrections for multiple comparisons were performed. In addition, a mediation analysis was performed to investigate the direct and indirect effects of cognitive abilities on the association between neuropathology and BMI. Individuals with lower BMI had a higher burden of neuropathological lesions and poorer cognitive abilities. Only neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) and neuropathological comorbidity were associated with low BMI, while other neurodegenerative and cerebrovascular lesions were not. NFT were indirectly associated with BMI through cognitive abilities, and also directly, even in participants with normal cognition. Neurofibrillary tangles were directly associated with low BMI even in individuals with preclinical Alzheimer's disease.

The presenting pattern of celiac disease (CD) at diagnosis in children has changed over time, with a reduction of malabsorption-related phenotypes and an increase in regular or even excessive growth patterns. We retrospectively reviewed the body mass index (BMI) distribution of all patients with a new diagnosis of CD made in a Pediatric Gastroenterology Outpatient Clinic in 1990-2011, compared to those diagnosed in 2012-2022, according to their clinical and serological characteristics. The 1990-2011 and 2012-2022 cohorts included 250 (M:F = 90:160, mean age 7.3 ± 6.1 years) and 243 children (M:F = 81:162, mean age 7.1 ± 3.7 years, NS), respectively. The prevalence of underweight (UW) was higher in the 1990-2011 cohort (61/250, 24.4% in 1990-2011 vs. 31/243, 12.7% in 2012-2022, p = 0.0001), whereas that of overweight (OW) and obese (OB) subjects was significantly higher in 2012-2022 (10/250, 4% in 1990-2011 vs. 24/243, 9.9% in 2012-2022, p = 0.012, and 1/250, 0.4% in 1990-2011 vs. 8/243, 3.3% in 2012-2022, p = 0.018, respectively). In both cohorts, gastrointestinal symptoms were more frequent in OW/OB than in UW children (6/11, 54.5% vs. 5/61, 8.2% in 1990-2011, p < 0.0001, and 24/32, 75% vs. 10/31, 32.3%, p < 0.0001 in 2012-2022), and the extent of anti-transglutaminase antibody increase was similar in OW/OB and UW subjects. The prevalence of children with a normal or even high BMI at CD diagnosis has increased in the past three decades; therefore, CD should be suspected regardless of BMI status.

Objective: To determine the trends in BMI z-score (z-BMI) and its correlation with insulin dose and HbA1c in children with new-onset type 1 diabetes (T1DM) from several Latin American centers over 3 years. Methods: A retrospective chart review investigated the z-BMI trends in children aged 6 m-18 y with T1DM onset across 18 centers from 2019-2020 through 2023 in 5 Latin American countries: Argentina, Chile, Uruguay, Paraguay, and Peru. Anthropometric measures, insulin dose (U/kg/day), and Hb A1c (%) were collected at 3 months post-diagnosis and annually thereafter. Follow-up curves for z-BMI, HbA1c, and insulin dose were generated using the ANOVA method with repeated measures. Results: A total of 421 children (48.9% females) aged 8.72 ± 3.75 years were included. The prevalence of obesity (OB) was 8.6%, overweight (OW) was 12.1%, and underweight (UW) was 10.0%. UW children increased their mean z-BMI by 2.28, whereas OW decreased by 0.29, and OB decreased by 0.94 at 3 years follow-up (P&amp;lt;0.01). Mean z-BMI values increased significantly over the 3-year follow-up compared with the initial year: year 0 (0.03) vs. year 1-2-3 (0.42, 0.43, 0.46). Concurrently, there was a significant increase in the insulin dose (U/kg/d) across each year: year 0 (0.56) vs. year 1 (0.62) vs. year 2 (0.70) vs. year 3 (0.74). Interestingly, the mean HbA1c in year 1 (8.52%) was significantly lower than in year 0 (8.98%), year 2 (8.74%), and year 3 (8.70%). The repeated measures model for the follow-up of the z-BMI over 3 years, adjusted for the differences in insulin dose and HbA1c (year 0 vs. year 3), showed a significant increase in z-BMI at the onset compared with years 1, 2, and 3, with insulin dose as a significant covariate. Conclusion: We observed a significant increase in the z-BMI from T1DM onset through the 3-year follow-up in Latin American children, with insulin dose as a significant covariate. Although the insulin dose steadily increased, the impact on HbA1c (8.7%) does not appear to be close to optimal levels. Disclosure V. Hirschler: None. C. Molinari: None.

The Asian Indian Beta Cell function (ABCs) in Infants Study examined the associations of maternal weight on infant pancreatic beta cell function across 7 months postpartum. Pregnant women aged 18-35 years were recruited in Hyderabad, India. Women were classified by first trimester weight as underweight (UW), BMI < 18.5 kg/m2; normal weight (NW), BMI 18.5-22.9 kg/m2; or overweight (OW), BMI 23.0 through <28.5 kg/m2. At age > 7 months, infants had an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT, 1.75 g glucose/kg bodyweight) following a 3 h fast. Infant blood samples were assayed for C-peptide and glucose. Infant beta cell function (HOMA2-B; disposition index, DI) and insulin resistance (HOMA2-IR) were compared across maternal weight groups. Mothers (UW n = 63; NW n = 43; OW n = 29) had similar age at delivery and second trimester 50 g glucose challenge test results. Cord HOMA2-B values were 51% greater for IUW (83.5, SD 55.2) and 44% greater for IOW (79.9, SD 60.8) vs. INW (55.4, SD 51.5), forming a U-shaped relationship between maternal weight and HOMA2-B. No qualitative differences in HOMA2-IR were found at birth. However, at 7 months postpartum, HOMA2-IR changed most within IUW (-64% median reduction) and changed the least in IOW (-7% median reduction). At seven months postpartum, DI was higher in IUW vs. the other groups (geometric mean IUW 1.9 SD 2.5; INW 1.3 SD 2.6 or vs. IOW mean 1.2 SD 3.7), reflecting a +49% difference in DI. Evidence from this study illustrates adaptations in the pancreatic functional response of infants associated with the maternal nutritional environment.

Impact of Serum Albumin Levels and Body Mass Index on Outcomes of Open Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair in Korean Population

Adults with severe cerebral palsy (CP) are susceptible to malnutrition and metabolic disorders due to limited daily physical activity and challenges related to eating. We hypothesized that the condition of being underweight arises from inadequate energy intake due to difficulties in eating, rather than heightened total energy expenditure or an elevated resting metabolic rate. The present study encompassed 17 adults with severe CP (classified as GMFSC III–V). Energy intake, utilization, and expenditure were gauged via thorough dietary recordings and double-labeled water (DLW) analyses. Resting metabolic rates were assessed through indirect calorimetry, and metabolic health was investigated via blood samples. Oral motor function, eating assessment during meals, and weight fluctuations throughout the experimental period were also evaluated. We found significant correlations between weight, oral impairments (p < 0.01), and eating difficulties (p < 0.05). While total energy expenditure and daily consumption were similar between underweight (UW) and overweight (OW) individuals, significant variability in both expenditure and intake was evident within the UW group. Particularly, those with lower BMIs experienced heightened mealtime impairments and complications. Our present findings indicate that eating difficulties are the central concern for UW status in this population.

Impaired HDL-associated enzymes and proteins in children and adolescents with weight disorders and their association with novel cardiometabolic indexes

Burkina Faso recorded 1.800.000 internally displaced persons (IDP) in February 2022 due to the security crisis. 56% of them are in the East, Centre-North and North regions, where the nutritional situation of children aged 6 to 59 months is poorly known, hence this study. The nutritional status of 537 IDP and host children aged 6-59 months was assessed using the SMART rapid methodology in the North Central, North, and East regions. Data were analyzed using ENA for SMART 2020 and IBM SPSS Statistics 20 software to generate prevalence by region based on household residence status. The prevalences of global acute malnutrition (GAM), chronic malnutrition (CM) and underweight (UW) were 16.4%, 21.7% and 16.9% respectively for the East region; 15.7%, 32.7% and 29.6% for the Centre-North region and 18.4%, 29.5% and 28.9% for the North region. GAM was more prevalent among IDP than among hosts in the Eastern and Northern regions (17.3% VS 15.7%) and (19.0% VS 18.0%). However, in the Centre-Nord region, it is higher among the host population (17.0% VS 13.2%). For chronic malnutrition, among IDPs and hosts respectively, the prevalences are 14.8% and 26.9% in the East, 37.7% and 30.2% in the Centre-North and 25.3% and 32.4% in the North. The weight insufficiency were 17.3% and 16.7% in the East, 35.8% and 26.4% in the Centre-North and 27.8% and 29.7% in the North. The nutritional situation of children aged 6 to 59 months in the three emergency regions is not satisfactory. The GAM exceeds the WHO's critical thresholds (15%).

72 A survey of North American horse diets: What are we missing?

The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of body mass index percentile (BMI%) at postoperative and medium follow-up in AIS patients undergoing posterior instrumented fusion (PSF). We analyzed 87 clinical records of patients (19 male, 68 female) who underwent PSF. The patients were divided into four groups considering BMI%: underweight (UW), normal weight (NW), overweight (OW), and obesity (OB). Demographic, clinical (SRS-22), and radiographic data were collected. The primary outcome was to assess both the surgical and clinical outcomes, whilst the secondary outcome was to compare the radiological findings among the studied groups. Follow-ups were set preoperatively, at 6 months and 5 years. Our results did not show significant differences of clinical outcomes among the studied groups, except for a longer surgical time and a higher hemoglobin decrease in UW and OB patients (p = 0.007). All BMI categories showed similar radiographic outcomes, with no statistical significance at final follow-up. OB patients showed a worse percentage of major curve correction compared to baseline and to UW and OW patients. The present study does not underline substantial differences in clinical and radiographic results among any of the studied groups. However, UW and OB patients showed a worse postoperative progress. Counseling should be provided for patients and families and the achievement of a normal BMI% should be recommended.