Underwater Medicine Research Articles

Space and Underwater Robots using the SPSS Method

Ocean research requires the use of underwater robots, such as controlled boats (ROVs) and autonomously underwater vehicles (AUVs). These robots can investigate oceanic regions that are too hazardous or challenging for people to visit. Ocean research requires the use of mechanical diggers, including au vehicles (AUVs) and remotely piloted submersible vehicles (ROVs) (AUVs). These machines can investigate oceanic regions that are too hazardous or challenging for people to visit. Underwater robotics is not only used in rescue and search, it is already used in marine resource exploration, undersea terrain mapping and construction and maintenance of marine engineering structures. A dash cam, propulsion system, and lighting are standard on all ROVs. Depending on the necessary criteria, additional apparatus such as a handling arm, water sampling, clarity, emissivity, temperature, and depth measurement instruments is added. Since Robots that operate underwater must be waterproof since both ROV and AUV robots involve computers and electronics. This indicates that since the equipment is housed inside of an enclosure that forbids water from entering, water won't harm it. Yet, such a large area poses several difficulties, both above and below the surface. in monitoring, exploration and underwater operations, such as erosion. Turbulent water, low temperature and high pressure. Realistic controls require advanced theory, methodology, and equipment for underwater robots. Underwater acoustic sensors are the most intriguing sensing technique for aquatic robotic use. Acoustic underwater sensors often fall into one of the following two categories: both acoustic location sensors and acoustic ranging/imaging sensors. The underwater robot can successfully detect all ships entering a port and ensure that drug dealers are not attaching any packages to the underwater sections. Movement control of a system for underwater micro robots by developing a PSO path planning optimization system and a VR Control system for three-dimensional space. Artificial intelligence, network technology, and underwater medicine can all benefit from using this kind of submerged micro robot system. an array of micro robotics for drugs. Every A micro robot with smart materials can be used for transportation Some drug injection task and micro robot The most difficult underwater activities, such context identification and analysis, may be finished by the system. Initially, we employing a new spin particle to design the architecture of a micro robot system and an AVR control system. A technique to particle search using paths on the road, determined to dodge the obstruction The shortest robot and one t path to three Robots Smart Material ICPF (Ionic Conducting Polymer Film), let's study These types of underwater cooperative techniques A novel micro robot system with a single mother Several micro robots with submarine and ICPF actuators. SPSS statistics is multivariate analytics, business intelligence, and criminal investigation data management, advanced analytics, developed by IBM for a statistical software package. A long time, spa inc. Was created by, IBM purchased it in 2009. The most contemporary versions are marketed under the designation IBM SPSS statistics. Control signal of micro robot turning around, Fish-like underwater micro robot moving forward, Structure of the micro robot system and structure of AVR control system. The Cronbach's Alpha Reliability result. The overall Cronbach's Alpha value for the model is .860which indicates 86% reliability. From the literature review, the above 50% Cronbach's Alpha value model can be considered for analysis. Emotional Intelligence the Cronbach's Alpha Reliability result. The overall Cronbach's Alpha value for the model is .860which indicates 86% reliability. From the literature review, the above 50% Cronbach's Alpha value model can be considered for analysis.

Results of acute cerebral infarction treatment with hyperbaric oxygen therapy, 2020-2022.

Cerebral stroke is the third leading cause of death after cardiovascular disease, cancer and the leading cause of disability for patients. Hyperbaric oxygen is a non-drug treatment that has the potential to improve brain function for patients with ischaemic stroke. The objective of this study was to evaluate the results of treatment of acute cerebral infarction with hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT). This was a case-control study. One hundred ninety-five patients diagnosed with cerebral infarction, with signs of onset within 24 hours, were treated at the Centre for Underwater Medicine and Hyperbaric Oxygen of Vietnam National Institute of Maritime Medicine during the period from January 2020 to December 2022. Study group included 100 patients with acute cerebral infarction treated with a combination of HBOT and medication and reference group included 95 patients treated by medication only (antiplatelets drugs, statins, control of associated risks factors) RESULTS: After 7 days of treatment with hyperbaric oxygen (HBO), symptoms such as headache, dizziness, nausea, sensory disturbances, and Glasgow score of the study group improved better than that of the reference group (p < 0.01). Movement recovery in the study group was better than the reference group: the percentage of patients with mild and moderate paralysis in the study group increased higher than that of the reference group (86.0% and 68.4%), the degree of complete paralysis of the study group decreased more than that of the reference group (14.0% and 31.6%). The degree of independence in daily activities in the study group was better than the reference group. In the study group, the percentage of patients with complete independence in daily life increased from 27.0% to 84.0%. In the reference group, the rate of patients who were independent in their daily activities increased from 37.9% to 51.6%. The average number of treatment days of the study group was 10.32 ± 2.41 days and it the reference group 14.51 ± 3.24 days. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy is a non-drug treatment with many good effects in the treatment of cerebral infarction, especially acute cerebral infarction. HBOT reduces and improves functional symptoms, improves mobility, and reduces treatment time for patients.

ВОДОЛАЗНОЕ ДЕЛО В РОССИИ: ИСТОКИ И ИСТОРИЯ

In 2021 scientific and naval public celebrates an important data – 100th anniversary of Special Diving Works Expedition’ formation in Russian Federation. Special Diving Works Expedition’ formation has been lasted during 1921–1923 when Soviet of People Commissars had declared the special decrees about diving works’ organization. In December, 1923 Special Diving Works Expedition’ foundation had been occurred de jure. Many works at ships’ lifting, most of which were outstanding in the sphere of shipbuilding as well as Russian science and technique, were associated with that organization. Some works belongs to heroic and extraordinary. However, the history of Diving Works had started long before Special Diving Works Expedition was foundation, and the main periods of Diving Works’ development in Russia from Peter the Great to Nicolas the First are being reviewed and analyzed in proposed article. Besides, on based the archival sources with first publication and special literature are setting out the events connecting with engineering structures, underwater medicine, different low acts and other documents. In the article are given the most resonant and significant events on ships’ lifting.

Psychological Aspects of Diving in Selected Theoretical and Research Perspectives

Abstract The aim of the article is to conduct a literature review in relation to the psychological aspects of diving. The acquired knowledge can currently be qualified as belonging to various branches of applied psychology, as well as underwater medicine, sports medicine, psychiatry and psychotherapy. The literature on this subject matter raises two main issues of the psychological perspective: the degree of psychological adaptation of an individual to the underwater environment, and the psychophysical condition of a man involved in a specific type of diving and the resulting skills/competences to perform underwater tasks. The article presents selected reports from around the world related to diving psychology resulting from the applied structure/classification of psychological theories, explaining various mechanisms of psychological functioning underwater. The paper presents studies from the perspective of psychodynamics, psychology of health/stress, psychology of individual differences and personality. The main conclusions indicate that in addition to the main problem of an optimal/lack of adaptation of humans to the underwater environment, there is insufficient psychological knowledge (including Polish reports) in the area of personality differences between various types of divers, their social functioning, mental health and psychoeducation with regard to underwater exposures.

Treatment of sudden sensorineural hearing loss with hyperbaric oxygenation - our experience

Background/Aim. Sudden sensorineural hearing loss is manifested by the loss of hearing for more than 30 dB at three consecutive frequencies in the timeframe of 72 h. It is of unclear etiology and pathogenesis, which leads to the use of different therapeutic methods. Treatment protocols are not compliant, making it difficult to objectively quantify their impact. The aim of this study was to show the effect of hyperbaric oxygen therapy as the only method for the treatment of sudden sensorineural hearing loss. Methods. This retrospective study included 20 patients treated for sudden sensorineural hearing loss with hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO) in the period from 2004 to 2014. The study was conducted in the specialized medical clinic for hyperbaric and underwater medicine, HBO Medical Center in Belgrade. The patients were treated according to the following protocol: a session of 60 min at the pressure of 2 bars (2ATA) two times a day, a total of 30 sessions. Assessment of the therapy effects was performed by observing the change in the hearing threshold at the frequencies of 500, 1,000, 2,000 and 4,000 Hz at the end of the treatment. Results. After the completion of treatment according to the protocol, a full hearing recovery (total improvement of hearing damage or achieving final hearing threshold above 25 dB) was found in 11 (55%) of the patients. A partial recovery (hearing improvement of up to 15 dB, and a final hearing threshold below 45 dB) occurred in 4 (20%) of the patients. In 5 (25%) of the patients, improvement was not verified (there was no recovery or it was less than 5 dB). The average absolute hearing recovery was 24.94 dB. The mean relative hearing recovery was 65.45%. Conclusion. Because of the unclear multifactorial etiopathogenesis of this disease, there are many therapeutic protocols. Based on the results of our study HBO therapy could be recommended primarily as the treatment for sudden sensorineural hearing loss.

Adjunctive hyperbaric oxygen for necrotizing fasciitis.

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) involves the therapeutic administration of 100% oxygen in a pressure chamber at pressures above one atmosphere absolute. This therapy has been used as an adjunct to surgery and antibiotics in the treatment of patients with necrotizing fasciitis with the aim of reducing morbidity and mortality. To review the evidence concerning the use of HBOT as an adjunctive treatment for patients with necrotizing fasciitis (NF). Specifically, we wish to address the following questions.1. Does administration of HBOT reduce mortality or morbidity associated with NF?2. What adverse effects are associated with use of HBOT in the treatment of individuals with NF? We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL); MEDLINE Ovid (1966 to September 2014); the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) Ovid (1982 to September 2014); EMBASE Ovid (1980 to September 2014); and the Database of Randomised Controlled Trials in Hyperbaric Medicine (DORCTHIM, M Bennett) (from inception to September 2014). In addition, we performed a systematic search of specific hyperbaric literature sources. This included handsearching of relevant hyperbaric textbooks; hyperbaric journals (Hyperbaric Medicine Review, South Pacific Underwater Medicine Society Journal, European Journal of Underwater and Hyperbaric Medicine, Aviation Space and Environmental Medicine Journal); and conference proceedings of the major hyperbaric societies (Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society, South Pacific Underwater Medicine Society, European Underwater and Baromedical Society, International Congress of Hyperbaric Medicine). We included all randomized and pseudo-randomized trials (trials in which an attempt at randomization has been made but the method was inappropriate, for example, alternate allocation) that compared the effects of HBOT with the effects of no HBOT (no treatment or sham) in the treatment of children and adults with necrotizing fasciitis. We planned independent data collection by two review authors using standardized forms. We found no trials that met the inclusion criteria. This systematic review failed to locate relevant clinical evidence to support or refute the effectiveness of HBOT in the management of necrotizing fasciitis. Good quality clinical trials are needed to define the role, if any, of HBOT in the treatment of individuals with necrotizing fasciitis.

A Case‐crossover Study of Transient Risk Factors for Occupational Traumatic Hand Injuries in Incheon, Korea

A case-crossover study was conducted to identify transient risk factors for occupational acute hand injuries. In total, 98 subjects were recruited from a hospital specializing in occupational accidents and trauma. Patients who had injured fingers, hands or wrists during work were interviewed within 30 days after their accidents. The relative risks for each factor were as follows: 22.9 for unusual or malfunctioning machines (95% confidence interval [CI] 14.4-36.4), 3.3 for wearing gloves (95% CI 1.9-5.7), 5.7 for unusual tasks (95% CI 3.8-8.8), 12.1 for altered work methods (95% CI 8.4-17.6), 4.1 for rushing (95% CI 2.6-6.3), 12.9 for being distracted (95% CI 7.9-20.9), 1.2 for feeling ill (95% CI 0.4-3.6) and 1.0 for working overtime (95% CI 0.6-1.6). The results suggest that some transient risk factors were associated with occupational acute hand injuries. These risk factors are probably preventable, and modifying unsafe or unusual conditions is important to reduce occupational traumatic hand injuries.

In Memoriam: A Tribute to an Unsung Hero

In Memoriam: A Tribute to an Unsung Hero

Reply to Ferrigno and Lundgren

to the editor: We are grateful to the Editor for the opportunity to reply to Ferrigno and Lundgren's comments ([1][1]) on our paper ([3][2]). The study from Ferrigno et al. ([2][3]), published more than a decade ago, is a milestone in the scientific literature of underwater medicine. Although

The Contribution by the Royal Australian Navy to the Development of Underwater Medicine in Australia

In 1939, Cousteau and Gagnon developed the first widely accepted self-contained underwater breathing apparatus. By the end of World War II, sufficient developments in carbon dioxide absorbents had led to the viable use of closed circuit breathing systems allowing divers to work underwater without links to the surface. The Royal Australian Navy (RAN) formed a clearance diving branch in 1951 following the lead of Britain's Royal Navy. However, with the adoption of British equipment and procedures the RAN found that it had also inherited many of the problems already experienced in the United Kingdom.1 At that time, such underwater medical experience as existed in Australia was very limited. The Navy considered other areas to be of higher priority although it had considerable concern about the high failure rates of diver candidates in their initial training. At various stages, the failure rate was as high as 65 per cent and rarely less than 30 per cent. Furthermore, at least one diver every fortnight lost consciousness while diving. There was virtually no understanding of the causes of this unconsciousness, although the term 'shallow water blackout' was generally applied when an incident of this nature occurred.2 The early 1960s saw the Navy plan the reintroduction of a submarine squadron. This in turn required some in-house proficiency in underwater medicine in the selection, training and treatment of submariners and the support and rescue of disabled submariners. Rear Admiral Lionel Lockwood, the then Medical Director General of the RAN, convinced Lieutenant Commander Rex Gray, a Reserve specialist anaesthetist, to transfer to full-time service in the capacity of consultant in underwater medicine. On the first day of Gray's post-

Scuba diving medical examinations in practice: a postal survey.

To assess variability of opinion regarding fitness to dive among doctors currently doing diving medical examinations. Anonymous, reply-paid postal survey containing 15 clinical scenarios for which respondents were asked to declare the prospective scuba diver fit, unfit, fit after investigation or to offer specialist referral. All 81 doctors in Queensland, identified as members of the South Pacific Underwater Medical Society, who had completed approved training in underwater medicine, and who were doing diving medical examinations in June 1998. Variability in responses, and agreement with our interpretation of the action recommended by Australian Standard (AS) 4005.1-1992, the medical standard for fitness to scuba dive for recreational divers. 52 of the 81 questionnaires were returned (64% response rate). There was a wide variety of opinion about fitness to dive for all 15 hypothetical cases, with 70% consensus about unfitness in only four cases (one of which should have been referred according to AS guidelines) and fitness in only two cases (both of which should have been referred according to AS guidelines). No case was considered either fit or unfit by all respondents. Only 17.6% of responses recommended specialist referral, although the AS guidelines suggest that 10 of the 15 cases should be referred. One doctor failed 13 of the 15 potential divers outright and another passed seven outright and failed only four. For each case that the AS guidelines firmly indicate as unfit to dive, at least one respondent passed the hypothetical prospective diver as fit. There is no consensus among doctors who perform diving medical examinations as to what constitutes fitness to dive; current guidelines need to be improved.

Wilderness medicine: a clinical introduction for medical students

We offered a wilderness medicine selective seminar to first-year medical students at the University of Arizona. Twenty students took the selective, which was designed as an introduction and to stimulate interest in acquiring more in-depth knowledge of the field. Separate sessions were held on specific subject areas: high altitude; wilderness injuries; field water disinfection and diarrheal illnesses; toxic and survival plants; envenomation; underwater medicine; and heat and cold stress. A mountain climb was offered as an optional field experience. Student evaluation indicated the goals of the selective were achieved more than adequately by content and methods. We view the selective as a successful attempt to introduce wilderness medicine to medical students. However, a teaching approach for advanced students could include a more comprehensive approach.

Underwater medicine: a neglected area in Accident and Emergency specialist training.

We have evaluated the available medical care to sports divers by a postal questionnaire sent to consultants and senior registrars in Accident and Emergency medicine in the UK, assessing their training in underwater medicine. Replies were received from 60 of 96 consultants (63%) and 32 of 58 (55%) senior registrars. Thirty-two per cent of consultants and 50% of senior registrars had previous personal experience in managing an underwater diving accident. Thirty per cent of consultants and only 19% of senior registrars had prior formal postgraduate training in underwater medicine. Twenty-seven per cent of consultants and 13% of senior registrars replying did not know the pattern of referral for specialist advice nor where the nearest recompression chamber was to be found. We believe that more formal postgraduate training in underwater medicine is needed by A and E medical staff. Furthermore, clear guidelines about emergency management and patterns of referral for diving accidents should be displayed prominently in all A and E departments.

BOOK REVIEWS: Underwater Medicine

Medical Journal of AustraliaVolume 1, Issue 26 p. 970-970 Book Review BOOK REVIEWS: Underwater Medicine J. Hazel, J. HazelSearch for more papers by this author J. Hazel, J. HazelSearch for more papers by this author First published: 01 June 1977 https://doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1977.tb131284.xAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume1, Issue26June 1977Pages 970-970 RelatedInformation

Reviews

International Journal of Nautical ArchaeologyVolume 6, Issue 1 p. 79-85 Reviews First published: February 1977 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-9270.1977.tb00992.xAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Abstract Vikingetidens segling och navigating (Sailing and navigation during the Viking era), SIBYLLA HAASUM Full fathom five: Wrecks of the Spanish Armada, COLIN MARTIN Bateaux des cotes de France, FRANCOIS BEAUDOUIN Vintage boats, JOHN LEWIS Dictionary of tools used in the wood-working and allied trades c. 1700-1970 R. A. SALAMAN Archeologia subaquea, RUGGERO BATTAGLIA Hala Sultan Tekke The Cape Kiti Survey: an underwater archaeological survey Underwater medicine S. MILES and D. E. MacKAY Mathematics and Computers in Archaeology, J. E. DORAN and F. R. HODSON Volume6, Issue1February 1977Pages 79-85 RelatedInformation

Underwater Medicine and Related Sciences

Underwater Medicine and Related Sciences

S. Miles and D. E. Mackay “Underwater Medicine” 4th Ed

S. Miles and D. E. Mackay “Underwater Medicine” 4th Ed

Present status of underwater medicine. Review of some challenging problems.

Es wird eine Ubersicht uber den gegenwartigen Stand der Unterwassermedizin gegeben. Besondere Berucksichtigung finden die in jungster Zeit durchgefuhrten Forschungen, die die Grundlage fur eine Erweiterung der Grenzen des Tieftauchens bereiteten, wie z.B. der 1972 durchgefuhrte Rekordtauchgang der Comex Gruppe, bei dem eine Tiefe von 2001 Fuss (610 m) in der Kammer erreicht wurde. Nach den in diesem Experiment erhobenen Befunden konnen ausgewahlte und trainierte Taucher in einer Tiefe von 1400 Fuss (427 m) noch gut arbeiten und leben, wenn sie eine Helium-Sauerstoffmischung atmen. Die Ursachen des «Nervosen Hochdruck-Syndromes», sowie die kritische Volumentherorie vonMiller6 als ein Erklarungsversuch fur das Fehlen der narkotischen Wirkung von Helium unter hohem Druck im Vergleich zu Stickstoff werden diskutiert.

Inner ear barotrauma.

<i>To the Editor</i>. —I was most interested in the letter you received from Dr. Victor Goodhill, (June 1972), concerning the article "Inner Ear Barotrauma"¹by Dr. Card Edmonds and myself. These five cases, which we reported, were collected some 18 months or more ago now, and we were not aware of the reports which had appeared in the literature regarding rupture of the found window membrane. Nevertheless, we felt that there must be something like this occurring to produce these permanent changes in cochlear function, and we felt that sooner or later we would find another case which would merit exploration of the middle ear. Although I live some 600 miles or so from the Naval School of Underwater Medicine, I had an arrangement whereby I was to be notified immediately when any case presented with sensorineural deafness following diving. The papers by Dr. Victor Goodhill and Dr. Pullen

Hyperbaric and underwater medicine.

Hyperbaric and underwater medicine.