Program Understanding Research Articles

BOOK REVIEW: TEACHER DEVELOPMENT FOR IMMERSION AND CONTENT-BASED INSTRUCTION

This review provides a concise overview of the book "Teacher Development for Immersion and Content-Based Instruction” by Laurent Cammarata and T. J. Ó Ceallaigh, published in 2020 by John Benjamins Publishing Company. The review highlights its significant contributions to the understanding of global language immersion programs. The book, which features significant input from respected scholars, focuses on filling the knowledge gaps regarding teacher development in the context of language immersion and content-based training. The book consists of seven chapters that address various subjects, including teacher language awareness, the development of professional identity, and the difficulties encountered by immersion educators. The review acknowledges the book's thorough approach but points out a possible omission in distinguishing between Content-Based Instruction and Content and Language Integrated Learning The review suggests that the book is a great resource for educators, academics, and policymakers. The extensive examination of both theory and practice renders it an invaluable resource for individuals engaged in language instruction and research.

Hubungan Masyarakat dengan Administrasi Pendidikan

The relationship between public relations and educational administration as two key elements in improving the quality of education and relations between schools and society. The research method used is library research which involves topic identification, literature search, literature selection, and in-depth analysis of the selected literature. The research results show that public relations has an important role in mediating communication between schools and the community, ensuring good understanding of school goals and programs, and winning community support and involvement in improving educational standards.

A transcriptome atlas of zygotic and somatic embryogenesis in Norway spruce.

Somatic embryogenesis (SE) is a powerful model system for studying embryo development and an important method for scaling up availability of elite and climate-adapted genetic material of Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst). However, there are several steps during the development of the somatic embryo (Sem) that are suboptimal compared to zygotic embryo (Zem) development. These differences are poorly understood and result in substantial yield losses during plant production, which limits cost-effective large-scale production of SE plants. This study presents a comprehensive data resource profiling gene expression during zygotic and somatic embryo development to support studies aiming to advance understanding of gene regulatory programmes controlling embryo development. Transcriptome expression patterns were analysed during zygotic embryogenesis (ZE) in Norway spruce, including separated samples of the female gametophytes and Zem, and at multiple stages during SE. Expression data from eight developmental stages of SE, starting with pro-embryogenic masses (PEMs) up until germination, revealed extensive modulation of the transcriptome between the early and mid-stage maturing embryos and at the transition of desiccated embryos to germination. Comparative analysis of gene expression changes during ZE and SE identified differences in the pattern of gene expression changes and functional enrichment of these provided insight into the associated biological processes. Orthologs of transcription factors known to regulate embryo development in angiosperms were differentially regulated during Zem and Sem development and in the different zygotic embryo tissues, providing clues to the differences in development observed between Zem and Sem. This resource represents the most comprehensive dataset available for exploring embryo development in conifers.

Career resources and securing quality work: graduate perspectives

ABSTRACT Empowering graduates to secure quality post-graduation employment is a key goal for higher education institutions and their students. University support in developing career resources may aid transition to work by enhancing social support and networks, fostering a strong sense of professional self, promoting career self-management, and instilling career confidence. Yet there lacks empirical understanding of these resources and the role they play, including how they interrelate, how they vary by personal characteristics, and how they are developed. This study examines how graduates fare in the labour market, characterises their career resources, and explores the relationship between career resources and graduate-level employment. These insights will contribute to theoretical understanding of building employability and inform effective employability programmes in higher education. The mixed-method approach encompasses an online survey of 324 bachelor graduates of Australian universities, followed by focus groups to further explore participants’ experiences. Employed graduates felt that their work did not align adequately with their degree-based knowledge and skills. Those with greater career confidence, social support, and career self-management experienced better outcomes, with these resources showing strong interconnections. Universities should consider a multi-faceted approach in developing employability, addressing multiple dimensions of career resources from the beginning of students’ degrees.

Preventing Stunting Through Effective Supplementary Feeding

General Background: Stunting is a significant public health issue that adversely affects child growth and development, particularly in developing countries like Indonesia, leading to increased morbidity and mortality rates. Specific Background: In Kedung Peluk Village, Sidoarjo Regency, the Supplementary Feeding Program (PMT) was implemented to combat stunting, but its effectiveness remains uncertain. Knowledge Gap: There is limited research evaluating the specific effectiveness of PMT in this context, necessitating a thorough examination. Aims: This study analyzes the effectiveness of PMT in preventing stunting in Kedung Peluk Village, focusing on indicators such as target accuracy and program understanding. Results: While PMT is well-targeted and timely, many community members lack understanding of stunting prevention. Although the number of stunted children decreased from 15 to 9, awareness of nutritional needs remains low. Novelty: This research offers new insights into PMT's effectiveness in a rural setting, highlighting community perceptions. Implications: The findings emphasize the need for improved educational initiatives to enhance community understanding and engagement, ultimately aiming to reduce stunting rates. Highlights: Effectiveness Evaluation: The study assesses PMT's impact on reducing stunting rates among children in Kedung Peluk Village. Community Awareness: Significant gaps exist in community understanding of nutritional needs and stunting prevention. Educational Initiatives: Enhanced educational strategies are crucial for improving engagement and knowledge about stunting in the local population. Keywords: Stunting, Child Nutrition, Public Health, Providing Supplementary Food (PMT)

Empowering Women Entrepreneurs in Indonesia Through Effective Government Assistance Programs

Background: The economic recovery of Sidoarjo Regency post-pandemic hinges on effective assistance programs for Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs), particularly women's business groups. Specific Background: This study investigates the efficacy of the Sidoarjo Regency Government’s assistance program for independent women’s business groups, with a focus on its impact on resilience and independence within this demographic. Knowledge Gap: Despite existing literature on government assistance programs, there is a lack of detailed evaluations regarding their effectiveness, specifically in the context of women's entrepreneurship in Sidoarjo. Aims: This research aims to assess the effectiveness of the assistance program through qualitative methods, including interviews, observations, and documentation. Results: Findings reveal that the program has been effective, particularly for the Teman Setia Kitchen business, measured against Sutrisno's (2010) indicators: program understanding, target accuracy, timeliness, goal achievement, and real change. While some discrepancies with Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) exist, the overall impact on groups like Dapur Teman Setia, Mawar Boga, and Agung Tersena has been positive. Novelty: This study contributes to the body of knowledge by highlighting specific indicators of program effectiveness and providing actionable insights for improving governmental support for women entrepreneurs. Implications: The research underscores the importance of effective government intervention in fostering women’s entrepreneurship and calls for improved targeting and timeliness in aid disbursement, which are essential for the sustainable development of MSMEs in Sidoarjo. Highlights: Effectiveness measured: Understanding, target accuracy, and timely assistance evaluated. Positive impact: Increased income and improved welfare for women entrepreneurs. Communication gaps: Need for better outreach and administrative processes identified. Keywords: women's empowerment, MSMEs, government assistance, program effectiveness, economic recovery

Gujarati translation and adherence testing of Stretching and Strengthening of Rheumatoid Arthritis of the Hand (SARAH)

ABSTRACT Context: Stretching and strengthening for rheumatoid arthritis of the hand (SARAH) is a progressive and individually designed recommended treatment exercise program. Aims: The aim was to translate the SARAH hand exercise program into Gujarati and assess the adherence rate, usefulness, and understanding of the Gujarati SARAH exercise program. Methods and Materials: Mixed-method qualitative study was conducted among 25 participants at the outpatient departments of Institute Nadiad and Niruj Rheumatology Clinic, Gujarat, and via professional contact, a telephonic semi-structured interview was conducted among 13 participants using an interview guide, and interviews were audio-recorded following transcription verbatim. Overall adherence rates of 25 participants to a 12-week exercise program were determined using the cross-sectional method. Statistical Analysis Used: IBM SPSS software version 23.0 was used for analyzing quantitative data, and NVivo Plus version 11 was used for qualitative data. Results: The adherence rate was 97.22%. Participants completed all 72 sessions (n = 7) with an adherence rate of 100%. The least number of sessions completed was 25 (n = 2), with an adherence rate of 34% due to a lack of interest in exercising on a daily basis. Qualitative findings showed that the booklet is understandable, useful, and beneficial in terms of reducing symptoms and improving activities of daily life as well as occupational work. Conclusion: The translated strengthening and stretching for rheumatoid arthritis in the hand exercise booklet is effective and beneficial to patients who exercise at home. Participants can self-track their exercise by using dairy, which eliminates travel costs and attendance at clinic sessions.

SimplifEx: Simplifying and Explaining Linear Programs

Linear Programming is one of the most common methods for finding optimal solutions to complex problems. Despite its extensive use, solutions are not usually accompanied by explanations, especially explanations for non-experts. Our new tool SimplifEx combines well-known preprocessing techniques with cognitively adequate heuristics to simplify a given linear program, structure its variables, and explain the optimal solution that was found. SimplifEx is meant to improve intuitive understanding of linear programs. In addition, we introduce a generalization of the classical dominance relation in Linear Programming. The order of dominant and dominated variables in an optimal solution can give valuable insights into the structure of a problem and fits well with how humans approach linear programs. The resulting, automatically generated explanations include detailed step-wise listings of processing steps and graphs that provide an overview. The heuristics are based on historical and experimental observations of people solving linear programs by hand. We apply SimplifEx to Stigler’s diet problem as a running example.

Absorption and emission maxima prediction of fluorescent organic materials using optimized neural network models

Abstract The aim of the study is to predict the absorption and emission maxima from the given dataset, which consists of 3066 fluorescent organic materials. To fulfill this requirement, five optimized neural network models are employed. Out of them, the wide neural network (WNN) model outperformed the other models on validation as well as test results. The results were obtained on the basis of three evaluation parameters: mean absolute error (MAE), root mean squared error (RMSE), and the coefficient of determination (R2). According to the validation scores, the WNN was the best-predictive model with MAE-18.05 nm, RMSE-28.93 nm, and R2-89.55%, and MAE-29.58 nm, RMSE-42.62 nm, and R2-78.87% for absorption and emission maxima, respectively. On the other hand, on the basis of tested scores, the WNN was the best-predictive model with MAE-19.35 nm, RMSE-29.33 nm, and R2-92.14%, and MAE-29.17 nm, RMSE-41.87 nm, and R2-79.46% for absorption and emission maxima, respectively. The presented automated method does not require an extensive understanding of computer programming to estimate the absorption and emission maxima. The absorption and emission maxima may be predicted, which helps with the design of new fluorescent organic materials and their many uses in electronics, chemistry, materials science, medicine, and other areas.

Leader Cells: Invade and Evade-The Frontline of Cancer Progression.

Metastasis is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality; however, a complete understanding of the molecular programs driving the metastatic cascade is lacking. Metastasis is dependent on collective invasion-a developmental process exploited by many epithelial cancers to establish secondary tumours and promote widespread disease. The key drivers of collective invasion are "Leader Cells", a functionally distinct subpopulation of cells that direct migration, cellular contractility, and lead trailing or follower cells. While a significant body of research has focused on leader cell biology in the traditional context of collective invasion, the influence of metastasis-promoting leader cells is an emerging area of study. This review provides insights into the expanded role of leader cells, detailing emerging evidence on the hybrid epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) state and the phenotypical plasticity exhibited by leader cells. Additionally, we explore the role of leader cells in chemotherapeutic resistance and immune evasion, highlighting their potential as effective and diverse targets for novel cancer therapies.

A NOVEL FRAMEWORK FOR THE APPLICATION OF TOPOLOGY OPTIMIZATION IN LIGHTWEIGHT STRUCTURES

Introduction: Topology optimization has been widely used in the fields of mechanical and structural engineering. In the field of architecture, especially in the context of lightweight structures, a strong understanding of programming is essential for meaningful involvement. The purpose of the study was to establish a fundamental framework that facilitates the seamless implementation of topology optimization in the design of lightweight structures by architects. Methods: This work employed a deductive approach to analyze six case studies that involve the application of topology optimization in various lightweight constructions. The analysis was conducted based on a predefined set of criteria. Additionally, the deductive technique was used to establish a framework for implementing topology optimization in the design of lightweight structures. Finally, the framework was used to create an optimized lightweight structure (a pentagonal Roman vault). Findings: An analysis of all case studies was conducted using two distinct processes: the form-finding process and the fabrication process. This inquiry aimed to determine the procedural framework involved in the design and fabrication process of each case study. The underlying framework was derived through an analytical comparison of these six case studies. This framework enables the production of an optimized lightweight structure. Novelty: This study presents significant findings on topology optimization and its use in lightweight structures, offering essential insights for architects seeking to create aesthetically pleasing and distinctive architectural forms that prioritize high stiffness and low mass.

Identification of conserved and tissue-restricted transcriptional profiles for lipid associated macrophages (LAMs).

Macrophages are essential immune cells present in all tissues, and are vital for maintaining tissue homeostasis, immune surveillance, and immune responses. Considerable efforts have identified shared and tissue-specific gene programs for macrophages across organs during homeostasis. This information has dramatically enhanced our understanding of tissue-restricted macrophage programming and function. However, few studies have addressed the overlapping and tissue-specific responses of macrophage subsets following inflammatory responses. One subset of macrophages that has been observed across several studies, lipid-associated macrophages (LAMs), have gained interest due to their unique role in lipid metabolism and potential as a therapeutic target. LAMs have been associated with regulating disease outcomes in metabolically related disorders including atherosclerosis, obesity, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In this study, we utilized single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) data to profile LAMs across multiple tissues and sterile inflammatory conditions in mice and humans. Integration of data from various disease models revealed that LAMs share a set of conserved transcriptional profiles, including Trem2 and Lpl, but also identified key sets of tissue-specific LAM gene programs. Importantly, the shared LAM markers were highly conserved with human LAM populations that also emerge in chronic inflammatory settings. Overall, this analysis provides a detailed transcriptional landscape of tissue-restricted and shared LAM gene programs and offers insights into their roles in metabolic and chronic inflammatory diseases. These data may help instruct appropriate targets for broad or tissue-restricted therapeutic interventions to modulate LAM populations in disease.

Internal Medicine Residency Program Applicant Perceptions of the SPLIT Recruitment Model Before and After Universal Virtual Interviews.

Enhancing residency recruitment with modifications to interviews has been an area of national interest, further catalyzed by the transition to universal virtual interviewing (UVI). In 2018, our internal medicine residency program redesigned the recruitment process using virtual interviews. Evaluating this recruitment model allows programs to identify applicant perceptions of each component as they consider enhancements. The new model, termed "SPLIT," included separating optional applicant visit days (AVD) from interviews (S), a pre-interview supplemental form (P), learning program information from a dedicated website (L), virtual interviews (I), and flexible timing (remote interview day and site visit) (T). Applicants for the 2019 to 2023 Match who interviewed at one university-based internal medicine residency program. After rank list certification and before the annual Match, interviewed applicants were surveyed regarding their perceptions of the SPLIT process. Responses before (2019-2020 Matches) and after (2021-2023 Matches) UVIs were compared. A total of 386 (75%) of 515 respondents favored video interviews. This preference was stronger in the post-UVI group (92%) than in the pre-UVI group (57%) (p < 0.001). In total, 76% of respondents attended an AVD (virtual or in-person). Applicants in the post-UVI group also favored having interviews separated from the AVD (p = 0.006) and optional AVDs (p < 0.001), more than those in the pre-UVI group. In the pre-UVI cohort, those who attended an in-person AVD tended to report a higher program understanding (OR 7.8), satisfaction with SPLIT (OR 2.1), and a better recruitment experience (OR 2.0). Virtual interviews were highly rated with increased preference following universal adoption. Optional AVDs separated from virtual interviews enhance applicant understanding of the program and were more effective when offered in-person before the pandemic-related restrictions. As programs begin to reintroduce in-person elements, the SPLIT recruitment model offers an innovative approach that addresses applicant and program needs.

West Virginia forest landowners’ preferences for forest carbon offset programs

Several carbon offset programs allow West Virginia (WV) forest landowners to manage their forests to mitigate climate change and promote forest sustainability while providing an opportunity to earn extra income through carbon offset credits. While this market has grown rapidly, accessibility issues for small family forest owners remain. This study examines WV forest landowners’ insights and understanding of forest carbon offset programs and program preferences through an online survey of WV's Managed Timberland Program participants. Results showed that 97 % of respondents find it important to keep their land forested and 41 % think that carbon offset programs will help keep their land forested. However, the majority have no knowledge of carbon offset programs (55 %) nor an understanding the credit generation process (60 %). An econometric model was estimated to examine the influence of program attributes to landowners’ decision to enroll in a carbon offset program. Survey results suggest that landowners will more likely participate in carbon offset programs that require shorter time commitment (1–5 years), pay higher revenues, allow harvest or limited harvest restrictions, and do not charge an early withdrawal penalty. For example, a $1 increase in revenue payment raises the probability of enrolling in a carbon offset program by 1.2 %. However, extending the time commitment from 1 to 5 years to 40 years or 100 years decreases the probability of enrollment by 10.3 % and 17.4 %, respectively. Additionally, prohibiting harvest and imposing an early withdrawal penalty decrease the probability of enrollment by 18.1 % and 9.5 %, respectively. Landowners expressed greater willingness to enroll if they believe it is important to keep their land forested, they have familiarity and knowledge of the carbon offset market, and they believe carbon offset programs will help keep their land forested. Age, educational level, and length of ownership were also found to be significant factors in influencing landowner participation in forest carbon offset programs. Lastly, a welfare estimate, or landowners’ willingness-to-accept (WTA), was estimated for each of the program attributes. Surveyed landowners’ WTA payment for a carbon program was $22/ha/year or $37/ha/year greater if program duration increased from 1 to 5 years to 40 years or 100 years, respectively. In addition, landowners’ WTA payment was $39/ha/year greater if a “no harvest” requirement is implemented and $19/ha/year more if a penalty for early withdrawal is imposed. This study shows how factors like duration, payment, harvest restrictions, and withdrawal penalties influence landowner enrollment in carbon offset programs. By examining the preferences and decision-making processes of forest owners, this research fills a critical gap in the literature by providing insights into the drivers of program participation. The findings contribute to a better understanding of how to design more effective carbon programs that align with landowner motivations, ultimately supporting climate mitigation goals and sustainable forest management practices.

437 Fetal Programming in Sheep: Epigenetic modifications in offspring from poorly nourished dams

Abstract Poor maternal nutrition (restricted- and over-feeding) during gestation can negatively impact the efficiency of livestock production by generating offspring with decreased muscle mass, increased adiposity, and impaired metabolism. The mechanisms behind these altered phenotypes are not well-characterized. The effects of poor maternal nutrition during gestation on offspring growth and development begin in utero and contribute to metabolic dysregulation of offspring into maturity and across subsequent generations, demonstrating long-term negative effects on the livestock. Fetal programming results in epigenetic modifications that can involve changes in offspring gene expression and downstream function, with no alteration on the DNA sequence. Using a sheep model of poor maternal nutrition, we have previously shown that F1 offspring from restricted- and over-fed dams are smaller at 10 mo of age relative to offspring from control-fed dams. Additionally, we observed that this phenotype persisted in the F2 offspring from restricted-fed granddams, while F2 offspring from over- and control-fed granddams were of similar body weight. We have recently demonstrated that F1 offspring from poorly nourished ewes have differential methylation patterns and altered gene expression in liver tissue demonstrating a potential mechanism that contributes to persistent altered growth. We have also begun evaluating the effects of maternal nutrient restriction on the development of fetal small intestine, a key facilitator of nutrient transport. Poor maternal nutrition during gestation alters development of offspring small intestine and further understanding of developmental programming in key metabolic tissues can aid in the development of nutritional strategies to improve efficiency of livestock production.

Education of U.S. primary care physicians at the Latin American medical school in Cuba

Background: Growing global health disparities have led to an international call for reform in physician education to meet the need for more responsive providers, emphasizing social accountability, with its four main criteria being relevance, quality, cost-effectiveness, and equity. In contrast to traditional models, Cuba’s Latin American Medical School (la Escuela Latinoamericana de Medicina, ELAM) promotes primary healthcare for disadvantaged populations by providing free medical education to foreign students from low-income communities, including United States (U.S.) citizens. This study examines the processes and standards by which the Latin American Medical School provides socially accountable education, with an emphasis on current and former students from the U.S. The objective of this study is to assess the efforts of ELAM to educate medical students in socially accountable and ethical ways. Methods: Guided by the four abovementioned criteria of social accountability, we thematically analyzed survey comments from 56 past U.S. graduates of the ELAM and interviews with four current U.S. students and eight instructors. Results: Relevance of the ELAM´s training was reflected in the integration of public health practices (e.g., community assessments) and medical care relevant to local and international health concerns. Quality is manifested in the school’s promotion of evidence-based care through tailored academic content for the U.S. students, expanded educational facilities throughout Cuba, and extensive clinical experiences. ELAM exhibits cost-effectiveness via free education and other financial assistance. Promoting equity in healthcare is evident in students’ desire to care for underserved populations with whom they identify. Graduates, current students, and instructors demonstrate that educating physicians from marginalized communities helps to answer the call for social accountability; this was supported by the educational processes and achieved outcomes. Discussion: These findings indicate that the Latin American Medical School’s mission and core activities meet the WHO’s criteria for social accountability and advance current understanding of such programs.

The Use of Contribution Analysis in Evaluating Health Interventions: A Scoping Review.

Contribution Analysis (CA) is a promising theory-based evaluation approach for complex interventions, yet its application in health interventions remains largely unexplored. To bridge this gap, we conducted a scoping review to examine the extent of such applications and the methodologies, strengths, and limitations of this approach in health programming. Our comprehensive search strategy was developed and used in 15 databases to identify peer-reviewed articles from 1999 to 2023 that focused on using CA to evaluate health interventions. We then implemented rigorous double- and triple-screening processes for abstracts and full-text papers, respectively. Data were extracted and narratively summarized. Our review found seven relevant studies, which showed that CA has been employed in health promotion programs, health policies, and targeted health issues such as nutrition, cardiovascular disease, substance misuse, and suicide prevention. The studies identified strengths of using CA, including its flexible impact evaluation approach, capacity to inform decision-making, and potential to enhance understanding of health programs and policies. However, challenges such as how to determine suitable evidence levels and how to best manage resource intensity were also identified. The limited number of studies indicates that CA is still a novel approach, whereas the variation in the reporting of the studies suggests that this approach could benefit from more standardized methods and detailed stakeholder engagement strategies.

Using technology to reduce learning costs and improve program comprehension: Lessons from a survey experiment on Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program

AbstractThe Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) provides food assistance to those in need, and while the program reaches many who are eligible, program participation falls short of reaching all who are eligible. One factor contributing to this gap in participation is difficulty understanding program eligibility, a common challenge with means‐tested benefit programs. Governments have attempted to improve public understanding of these complex programs using a range of tools to reduce learning costs, yet we know little about the extent to which these tools work and why. This preregistered survey experiment tests three commonly used methods of communicating SNAP program information, including a flyer, screening tool, and video. Cumulatively, our findings demonstrate that efforts to reduce SNAP learning costs are generally effective at improving comprehension recall and that the type of intervention matters, with the video increasing comprehension scores more than the flyer and screening tool. However, the impact of the intervention does not vary substantially according to household income.

Movement pattern definitions for resistance training behavior measurement in diabetes.

Type 2 diabetes can result in debilitating vascular complications, and resistance training (RT) is an effective therapy for improving cardiovascular outcomes. However, only 10-30% of adults meet the public health guidance for RT. While current RT guidelines focus on targeting major muscle groups, guidance specific to simplified movement categorization may augment understanding of RT programming and improve uptake and outcomes. Current movement pattern definitions and descriptions lack clarity, accuracy, and consistency. This paper proposes movement definitions and descriptions to be used for RT intervention design and prescription, and includes the following categories: hip, knee, ankle, vertebral column, vertical push, horizontal push, vertical pull, and horizontal pull. These categories are intended to aid clinicians, researchers, and trainers in RT surveillance and RT intervention design for improving vascular complications in type 2 diabetes. Simplified RT program design using these categories may also facilitate greater RT program understanding and adherence for patients.

Components of a strength-training fitness program with children of junior and middle school age

The article analyzes the peculiarities of the implementation of the main components of the strength training program with children of primary and secondary school age. The understanding of the fitness program as a systematically organized sequence of activities aimed at promoting the development of fitness has been updated. The author notes that a well-planned fitness program should include both aerobic training to develop cardiorespiratory endurance and strength training to develop strength and power endurance. It is claimed that the main components of a strength-oriented fitness program are cardiorespiratory endurance, strength, power endurance, and flexibility. The author clarified that for the functional development of the human body in fitness programs, the volumes of movement activity and indicators of heart rate should be rationally defined. It is noted that the key factors in building strength training programs are compliance with the principles of specificity, supercompensation, individualization, systematicity, and safety. The author outlined the features of building a fitness program with strength training for children. It was found that the decisive condition for ensuring optimal and effective impact on the body is the correspondence of the amount of loads.