Understanding Of Medical Professionals Research Articles

Understanding medical professionalism using express team-based learning; a qualitative case-based study

ABSTRACT Medical Professionalism (MP) defined as values, behaviours and attitudes that promote professional relationships, public trust and patient safety is a vital competency in health profession education. MP has a distinctive uniqueness due to cultural, contextual, conceptual, and generational variations. There is no standard instructional strategy to probe the understanding of MP in a cohesive, structured, interactive manner. This study aimed to investigate undergraduate medical students’ understanding of MP using express team-based learning (e-TBL) at both campuses of Royal College of Surgeons Ireland (RCSI). Using the key principles of a sociocultural theoretical lens in adult learning theory, we designed e-TBL as a context-learning-based educational strategy. We conducted three e-TBL sessions on cross-cultural communication and health disparities, a reflective report on clinical encounters, and professionalism in practice. We collected, collated, and analyzed the student experiences qualitatively using data gathered from team-based case discussions during e-TBL sessions. A dedicated working group developed very short-answer questions for the individual readiness assurance test (IRAT) and MP-based case scenarios for team discussions. In this adapted 4-step e-TBL session, pre-class material was administered, IRAT was undertaken, and team-based discussions were facilitated, followed by facilitator feedback. A qualitative inductive thematic analysis was performed, which generated subthemes and themes illustrated in excerpts. Our thematic analysis of data from 172 students (101 from Bahrain and 71 from Dublin) yielded four unique themes: incoming professional attitudes, transformative experiences, sociological understanding of professionalism, and new professional identity formation. This qualitative study provides a deeper understanding of medical students’ perceptions of medical professionalism. The generated themes resonated with divergent and evolving elements of MP in an era of socioeconomic and cultural diversity, transformative experiences, and professional identity formation. The core elements of these themes can be integrated into the teaching of MP to prepare fit-to-practice future doctors.

The Reality of Medical Reality Television: Analysis of Physician Demographics, Trauma, and Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) Characteristics.

BackgroundTelevision and media have a profound effect on viewers’ understanding and interpretation of the world we live in. Reality television can be even more influential to viewers given its depiction of “real life”.Materials and methodsEvery episode (n=46) was analyzed from five medical reality television shows. Hopkins, Boston Med, NY Med, Vanderbilt MDs, and Lenox Hill were selected based on criteria requiring the show to be a reality show or docuseries that recorded unscripted patient interactions in the inpatient setting or emergency department. ResultsOf the 185 physicians shown on medical reality television, most were male (76.8%), white (80.0%), and surgeons (62.2%). Of the 417 patients shown on television, 72 patients had a traumatic mechanism of injury. Traumatic mechanisms included injury due to motor vehicle accident (29.2%), firearm (26.4%), cutting/piercing (12.5%), fall (12.5%), and fire/flame/hot substance (6.9%). Twenty-two of the 417 patients required cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Seven patients (31.8%) experienced cardiac arrest due to a traumatic mechanism of injury.ConclusionsThere was an overrepresentation of male physicians, white physicians, and surgeons on medical reality television compared to current demographic data on physicians (p<0.01). Traumatic mechanisms of injury by firearm, cutting/piercing, fire/flame/hot substance and traumatic causes of cardiac arrest were over-represented on television compared to current trauma and CPR registry data (p<0.01). This skewed “reality” of medicine as a non-diverse landscape riddled with trauma has the potential to profoundly impact viewers’ understanding of medical professionals and the medical field.

What roles do quality and cognitive absorption play in evaluating cloud-based e-learning system success? Evidence from medical professionals

Purpose The purpose of this study is to propose a hybrid model integrating the expectation-confirmation model with the views of cognitive absorption (CA) theory and updated DeLone and McLean information system success model to examine whether quality factors as antecedents to medical professionals’ beliefs can affect their continuance intention of the cloud-based e-learning system. Design/methodology/approach This study’s sampling frame was taken from among medical professionals working in hospitals with over 300 beds in Taiwan which had implemented the cloud-based learning management system (LMS) with a blend of asynchronous and synchronous technologies. Sample data for this study were collected from medical professionals at six hospitals in Taiwan. The data for this study were gathered by means of a paper-and-pencil survey, and each sample hospital that participated in this study was asked to identify a contact person who could distribute the survey questionnaires to medical professionals who had experience in using the cloud-based LMS in their learning. A total of 600 questionnaires were distributed, and 378 (63.0%) usable questionnaires were analyzed using structural equation modeling in this study. Findings This study proved that medical professionals’ perceived learner–content interaction quality, learner–system interaction quality, service quality, cloud storage service quality and learner–human interaction quality all positively caused their perceived usefulness, confirmation and CA elicited by the cloud-based e-learning system, which jointly explained their satisfaction with the system, and resulted in their continuance intention of the system. Research limitations/implications Several limitations and suggestions may open avenues for future research. First, the limitation of self-reported measures should be considered; future research may combine with qualitative data (e.g. semi-structured, narrative, in-depth interviews, focus group interviews and open-ended questions) to get more complete interpretations of medical professionals’ cloud-based e-learning continuance intention. Next, this study’s data were collected from hospitals in Taiwan only; given this study’s limited scope, future research may generalize this study’s sample to the respondents of other national cultural backgrounds and make cross-country comparisons to enhance the completeness of this study. Finally, this study’ results were based on cross-sectional data; future research may use a longitudinal analysis by taking into account the evolution of medical professionals’ cloud-based e-learning continuance intention over time. Originality/value This study fully evaluates interaction-related and cloud-related quality determinants through an understanding of medical professionals’ state of CA in explaining their cloud-based e-learning system continuance intention that is difficult to expound with only their utilitarian perception of the system. Hence, the results contribute to deep insights into an all-round quality evaluation in the field of medical professionals’ cloud-based e-learning continuance intention, and extrinsic and intrinsic motivators are both taken into consideration in this study’s theoretical development of medical professionals’ cloud-based e-learning continuance intention to acquire a more comprehensive and robust analysis.

Understanding the climate of medical professionalism among university students; A multi-center study

ABSTRACT Medical professionalism is a multi-dimensional and culture-sensitive domain and this explains a lack of standard educational framework. We compared understandings of professionalism among medical students from four institutions by administering a self-administered online questionnaire to Emirati, Saudi, and Malaysian medical students. Of 1,184 respondents, 53% agreed with ‘respect for others’; whereas 13.3% strongly disagreed with ‘commitment to empathy’ as being a professional behaviour. Overall, there was agreement with 14 and disagreement in understanding to eight statements. ‘Respect for others’ was the most popular among three institutions, while ‘altruism and self-less concerns’ was the least popular in our cohort. We found a trend towards a better understanding of medical professionalism from years one to five. This study showed some congruence and some differences in understanding about medical professionalism. There is a need for a standard, universal programme that can facilitate training and career of international medical graduates.

The physician charter on medical professionalism; A perspective from the Arab world

Professionalism is the basis of medicine’s contract with society. In 2002 the American board of Internal Medicine foundation, American College of Physicians-American society of Internal Medicine foundation and the European Federation of Internal Medicine listed three fundamental principles and 10 professional responsibilities that characterize professionalism in the Physician charter. The three fundamental principles described in the charter were; principle of patient welfare, principle of patient autonomy and principle of social justice . However, the application of such principles has its own challenges whether it is a Western culture or an Eastern culture with Religion playing a significant role on the definition of medical professionalism in the Arab and Muslim world compared to the western world. A better understanding of medical professionalism in all cultures and religions is of key importance. Being aware of this concept and applying it into practice will need proper training and adaptability. It is imperative that we respect the patients’ cultural and religious backgrounds when treating our patients. In the Muslim and Arab world we face challenges in practicing and teaching medical professionalism that will require establishing a medical professionalism physician charter that is unique to the Muslim and Arab world.

A Delphi study of medical professionalism in Arabian countries: The Four-Gates model

Background: Medical professionalism has been described as a set of attributes and behaviors, yet the Western frameworks of medical professionalism may not resonate with the cultural values of non-Western countries.Aim: This study aims to formulate a professionalism framework for healthcare providers as interpreted by local medical professionals in Arabian countries.Methods: A purposive sample of 17 experts from diverse disciplines participated in a Delphi study in three rounds. Consensus was identified by content analysis and by numerical analysis of responses on the basic attributes of medical professionalism in Arabian context.Results: Eight professional traits were shortlisted and coupled in four themes (Gates): dealing with self, dealing with tasks, dealing with others and dealing with God. Self-accountability and self-motivation were interpreted from a faithful viewpoint as “taqwa” and “ehtesab”, respectively, in Arabic.Discussion: The Four-Gates Model helps in better understanding of medical professionalism as grounded in the minds and culture of Arabs. The model may act as a genuine framework for teaching and learning of medical professionalism in Arab medical schools.Conclusion: The study highlights the divergent interpretation of medical professionalism between Western and Arabian contexts. The Four-Gates Model may work for faith-driven societies, but not for non-Muslims Arabs students or teachers or in institutions with humanistic values.