Understanding Of Dreams Research Articles

Piagetian Theory and the Psychogenetic Development of Humankind Throughout History. Towards a General Theory of the Human Being.

J. Piaget wanted to study children to find a key to understanding history of mind, culture, science, and philosophy. The new theory program, called the structural-genetic theory program, developed by the author of this article, is an off-spring of Piagetian theory and follows Piaget's main idea concerning the study of parallels between ontogenetic and historical developments. It maintains the full identity of the child's psyche and that of the adult archaic human being concerning traits and features of the preoperational stage and partially the concrete operational stage, thereby evidencing the total sally of the formal operational stage in the minds of archaic people. The identity of the stage structures is not partially given but rather entirely and implies even the smallest details. The article exemplifies this identity concerning several central issues, such as logic, physical understanding, categories such as causality and chance, animism, personification of plants and animals, belief in magic, metamorphosis, ghosts, and understanding of dreams and myths. Accordingly, there is no difference between ontogenetic stages and the psychogenetic development of humankind throughout history. Historically, humankind has gone through the same stages as children do. The new theory program presents the fundamental theory of the human being as he or she existed in history and peopled archaic, ancient, and medieval societies. Consequently, the world history of culture, mind, worldview, politics, law, science, philosophy, morals, religion, and arts must be reconstructed in terms of stages, a task already accomplished by the new program, at least to a certain extent.

Il disegno dei sogni

This article explores the multifaceted concept of dreams within the context of contemporary art. It examines how the term "dream" is interpreted and represented by different artists and their works, specifically in the exhibition "Dream: Art Meets Dreams" curated by Danilo Eccher. The exhibition is described as an allegorical journey into the deepest parts of the human soul, touching on desires, expectations, and fears. It showcases how dreams serve as a channel to access the unconscious and spiritual dimensions, influenced by Freudian thought. The article also delves into historical perspectives on dreams, from Plato to modern neuropsychology, and how these perspectives shape our understanding of dreams as both a personal and universal phenomenon. Through the analysis of various artworks and artistic approaches, the article highlights the ongoing dialogue between dream imagery and its aesthetic and symbolic significance in both historical and contemporary contexts.

A Qualitative Approach to Children Ideas About Dreams and Mind

Children's understanding of dreams as mental states was examined as an instance of their development of a mind in general. Ten children between three and nine years of age were interviewed to determine how well they understood the location, privacy, and origin of their own dreams and mind. Findings revealed significant age increases in dream and mind understanding. Results show that young children (3 to 5-years-old) experienced short dreams related to specific actions such as run, jump, or video games. Older children (7 to 8-years.old), however, report more complex dreams and twice as many dreams as younger children; more importantly, their role in dreams becomes more active. Data also show how children’s conceptions about private processes are not static but evolved with age in somehow predictable sequences as Kohlberg stated years ago (1969).

The perceived link between dreams and the spiritual life: An exploratory qualitative survey

ABSTRACT Despite recent gains in the understanding of dreams and their meaning, the topic of dreams in relation to spirituality has remained largely unexplored. This study investigates the perceived relationship between dreams and the spiritual life in a multi-national sample. It explores the proposition that dreams contain spiritual messages or realisations, and/or whether experiences of apparently paranormal phenomena in dreams inform a spiritual worldview. A sample of 118 people took part in an online survey in which they responded to closed-ended and open-ended questions about dreams, learning, personal development and spirituality. Ninety-eight out of 118 participants (83%) reported having dreams that informed their spiritual life in some way. Thematic analysis revealed four themes within the domain of dreams and spirituality: 1. Bringing the unconscious into the conscious for healing and insight; 2. Accessing spiritual knowledge via intuition and feeling; 3. Spiritual Messages via encounters with other beings in dreams; and 4. Spiritual messages as precognitive information about upcoming events. The findings have implications for an understanding of the formative role of dreams in the spiritual life. Limitations and future implications of this study are also discussed.

Dreams: A Modern Perspective

Dreams are a universal human experience that can be described as a state of consciousness characterized by sensory, cognitive and emotional occurrences during sleep. Dreams are the stories and images that our minds create while we sleep. They can be entertaining, romantic, disturbing, frightening, and sometimes bizarre. Why and how we dream remains something of a mystery. There is no cognitive state that has been as extensively studied and yet as frequently misunderstood as dreaming. Reports of dreams tend to be full of emotional and vivid experiences that contain themes, concerns, dream figures, and objects that correspond closely to waking life. Dreams are an enduring source of mystery for scientists and psychological doctors. They are by nature difficult to study in a laboratory, but technology and new research techniques may help improve our understanding of dreams. They possibly represent a unique state of consciousness that incorporates experience of the present, processing of the past, and preparation for the future. Events experienced while awake are said to feature in 1 to 2 percent of dream reports, although 65 percent of dream reports reflect aspects of recent waking life experiences

A Path to Understanding Dreams: Observations on Ancient Chinese Dream Culture and Western Dream Theories

Throughout history, dreams have been researchers’ major focus where their keen interest lies in. Analyzing the three historical development phrases of dream theories, namely Pre-Freudian, Freudian and Post-Freudian phrases, this paper aims to demonstrate the impacts of ancient Chinese dream culture on languages, characters, medicine, psychology, literature, politics, and economy. Classical modern dream theories proposed by Sigmund Freud, Ivan Pavlov, and other researchers are collected and analyzed to help people have a better understanding of dreams and their meanings. Furthermore, the paper fully and systematically interprets the dream-related culture and scientifically classifies dream theories and technologies to reinvigorate the dream research field in China and advocates to boost global cultural prosperity and development through cultural exchanges, mutual learning and peaceful coexistence among countries.

Dreams and waking life connection

The present study explored individual’s connection between dreams and his waking life. Individuals’ personal experiences of dreams, their existence, purpose, belief, and truthfulness were explored in relationship to their daily life functioning. Present study aimed at identifying the collective themes of participants with researchers’ reflection. The sample of four adults (2 males, 2 females) with age range of 18-35 was recruited from different universities of Lahore. Semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted through interview schedule regarding participants’ personal demographics, schedules and hours of sleep, belief on the occurrences and fulfillment of dreams. Interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) was applied to analyze the data individually and collectively across all participants. Findings revealed that 10 themes were generated from the data that include curiosity about dream content, dream and real life connection, intuition about death, wish fulfillment in dreams, sense of morality in dreams, and information about personality through dreams etc. These themes help us in better understanding of dreams and waking life connection.

The realistic understanding of dreams. A contribution to the link between developmental psychology and ethnology / cultural anthropology

The realistic understanding of dreams. A contribution to the link between developmental psychology and ethnology / cultural anthropology

Il sogno nella relazione e la relazione nel sogno

Dreams and Gestalt therapy share an old friendship. Fritz Perls already showed at his workshops how dreams and dreamwork can accelerate the personal process and enrich the therapist’s range of techniques. Over time, however, Perls’s approach, according to which dreams are an intrapsychic projection, proved to be insufficient. In the view of Perls’s student and critic Isadore From, dreams are not a projection but a retroflection par excellence, and they can be fully understood only in relation to another person. Nevertheless, From’s innovation has not yet taken root in Gestalt therapy, and many therapists and teachers continue to work with Perls’s techniques and presuppositions. Today, From’s legacy is being revived by theorists, such as Margherita Spagnuolo Lobb, who are emphasizing the dialogic and aesthetic dimensions of Gestalt. For them, dreams are evidence and an expression of the human need for contact and relational experience per se. The paper first takes a look back at the changing understanding of dreams within Gestalt therapy, and then explores in detail the interpersonal dimension of dreaming, in particular within the context of the therapeutic process - including practical examples and methodological tips for how to sensitively bring dreams to life in both a individual and group setting.

Genesis and profanation of the other world: The interpretation of dreams

Translations of summaryThis paper addresses Nietzsche's reflections on the phenomenon of dreams as a crucial precedent of Freud's Die Traumdeutung. The works of Nietzsche and Freud are scrutinized to establish and compare the most relevant aspects of their understanding of dreams. The philosophical impact of both accounts is assessed in terms of the transvaluation of religious and metaphysical values, which reveals three epistemological shifts: the replacement of Metaphysics by History/Genealogy (Nietzsche) and by Metapsychology (Freud), and the expansion of rationality beyond the limits of consciousness (Nietzsche and Freud). Both authors are shown to consider dreams as figurative expressions of a postponed desire – or, more specifically, as the imaginary fulfillment (compensation) and the evocation/awakening of desire. As captured by the phrase “Memento libidines”, dreams are portrayed in both accounts as the guardians of sleep and desire. Finally, and in contrast with Assoun, a new interpretation of Thus Spoke Zarathustra is proposed, as an interpretation of the prophet's dreams reveals the presence of individual desire within the Nietzschean understanding of the phenomenon.

ZUM VERHÄLTNIS VON VORSTELLUNG UND TRAUM

Vorliegender Aufsatz zeigt auf Grundlage von Schopenhauers „Versuch über das Geistersehn und was damit zusammenhängt“ und anderen Quellen, dass der Wirklichkeitssinn aus der Unterscheidung von Träumen, und nicht, wie von Nietzsche behauptet, aus dem Konflikt des Wachbewusstseins mit dem Traum resultiert. Die Verwandtschaft von Traum und wacher Vorstellung wird dann mit literarischen (Traum-)Beispielen weiter ausgeführt, um zu dem Schluss zu kommen, dass literarische Fiktion zwar nicht die Wirklichkeit, wohl aber u.U. die Wahrheit über die Wirklichkeit ist, ähnlich wie bestimmte Träume die Wirklichkeit widerspiegeln.

Horror and aggression in children’s creative writing: implications for bibliotherapy and child development

ABSTRACTThis article examines themes of horror and aggression in five stories written in two children’s creative writing courses in Finland. A case study method was used. The data for studying children’s creative writing were collected at the Päätalo Institute and a hospital school at Oulu in spring 2000. Children’s stories provide material externalized from the subconscious, and can be interpreted from a depth-psychological point of view. Sigmund Freud’s understanding of dreams as manifestations of subconscious fears and hopes acquires a new form in the horror stories children write. The child works his or her activated energy charge through manipulating the dream-like and violent elements in stories in a controlled manner: by writing. On the basis of my study, literature, creative writing and bibliotherapy offer a child or a young person a means for working out, at both conscious and subconscious levels, matters relating to the present stage of his or her development and current life condition.

Discussion of Psychoanalytic Work with the Dreams of Children: The Forgotten Royal Road

This issue brings together a number of ideas about technique in the understanding of dreams brought by children to their analyses, the affects associated with dreaming, and transference phenomena a...

Thinking and learning? On (not) dreaming in the classroom

Working with two short data extracts, this paper explores the productivity of Bion’s understanding of dreaming and Ogden’s talking-as-dreaming for thinking about difficult moments in pedagogic encounters. Education valorises what Bion called the Waking-state; this paper explores the ways in which this preference may incur costs to learning, and why maintaining a connection to dreaming in the classroom might be important.

A three-legged stool needs a stronger third leg

Whereas the target article stresses the neurobiology and psychology of dreams, this commentary emphasizes that the role of dreams in emotional integration and adaptation contributes to a fuller understanding of dreaming and memory. The dream presented in the target article is used, within the constraints of space, as a possible example of a broader approach to dream material.

Organization of dreams: the dream of organization – dreaming organization

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to draw from: Freud's Interpretation of Dreams, citing the Dream of Irma's Injection, to illustrate psychic organization and the relation of psychic to social organization; The Dream of the Failed Dinner Party, to illustrate the inter‐individual context of dreaming; and finally The Dream of the Burning Child, to briefly discuss analogous processes to dreams in relation to the ethics of organization.Design/methodology/approachThe paper consists of a critical conceptual review of literature in the fields of psychoanalysis and organization.FindingsA psychoanalytic focus on dreams acknowledges the importance of the organization of the psyche, highlighting the continuing importance of childhood experience and of repressed desire for adult neurotics. The social organization of the psyche illustrates the importance of understanding that different character types produce different phantasies of organization. It is argued that the inter‐individual context is important to understanding the contagious nature of hysterical desire. Finally, given that traumatic dreams unsettle and destabilize our conscious understanding as good, rational, individual subjects, the paper discusses the analogous roles for dreaming, which might be related to organization ethics.Practical implicationsBy highlighting unconscious processes, the psychoanalytic understanding of dreams asks organizational theorists to enquire into material that is withheld from consciousness.Originality/valueThis paper contributes to the understanding of dreams in relation to the organization of the psyche; the relation of psychic organization to social organization; and the inter‐individual context.

Whither Dreams?

It is no accident, in our highly materialist culture, that the neuroscientists are now taking their turn in the exploration of dreaming. Following a technological expansion of all our capacities (muscles, eyes, ears, etc.) over the centuries, it is now onto “the mind,” consciousness, and dreams. With a “war” on the significance of inner experience in our culture (e.g., managed care), only the material realm (brain-stuff, medication, and behavior control) seems to be taken seriously. Despite such limitations, the brain-dream scientists are contributing their significant research and may well lead to a deeper understanding of dreams. Meanwhile, it is clear that from the point of view of Zeitgeist, the materialists are in the ascendance as they explore dream life.

From Freud’s dream‐work to Bion’s work of dreaming: The changing conception of dreaming in psychoanalytic theory

Bion moved psychoanalytic theory from Freud's theory of dream‐work to a concept of dreaming in which dreaming is the central aspect of all emotional functioning. In this paper, I first review historical, theoretical, and clinical aspects of dreaming as seen by Freud and Bion. I then propose two interconnected ideas that I believe reflect Bion’s split from Freud regarding the understanding of dreaming. Bion believed that all dreams are psychological works in progress and at one point suggested that all dreams contain elements that are akin to visual hallucinations. I explore and elaborate Bion’s ideas that all dreams contain aspects of emotional experience that are too disturbing to be dreamt, and that, in analysis, the patient brings a dream with the hope of receiving the analyst’s help in completing the unconscious work that was entirely or partially too disturbing for the patient to dream on his own. Freud views dreams as mental phenomena with which to understand how the mind functions, but believes that dreams are solely the ‘guardians of sleep,’ and not, in themselves, vehicles for unconscious psychological work and growth until they are interpreted by the analyst. Bion extends Freud's ideas, but also departs from Freud and re‐conceives of dreaming as synonymous with unconscious emotional thinking – a process that continues both while we are awake and while we are asleep. From another somewhat puzzling perspective, he views dreams solely as manifestations of what the dreamer is unable to think.

The Spirit of the School of Principles in Zhu Xi's Discussion of "Dreams"—And on "Confucius did not Dream of Duke Zhou"

Dreams were a topic of study even in ancient times, and they are a special spiritual phenomenon. Generations of literati have defined the meaning of dreams in their own way, while Zhu Xi was perhaps the most outstanding one among them. He made profound explanations of dreams from aspects such as the relationship between dreams and the principles li and qi, the relationship between dreams and the state of the heart, and the relationship between dreams and an individual’s moral improvement. He summarized previous generations’ understanding of dreams and infused a new dimension from the School of Principles, pointing out a direction for individuals’ moral cultivation and spiritual pursuit. Zhu Xi also examined the opinions of Zhang Zai, Cheng Yi, Hu Hong and other thinkers on Confucius not dreaming of Duke Zhou in his later years, revealing differences between thinkers in the School of Principles. An analysis of Zhu Xi’s thoughts on dreams will provide deeper insight into the research on the School of Principles.

The Interpretation of Dreams: Ladson-Billings, Freud, and Derrida

This study provides a critical and close reading of The Dreamkeepers (1994), by Gloria Ladson-Billings. The paper focuses primarily on the gendered nature of “being a teacher” and “being a student” as revealed in the dreamkeeper text, while maintaining its engagement with race and culture as it is manifested in the United States context. It considers the remarkable double-voicedness of the dreamkeeper text through a Derridean understanding of dreams, memory, perception, and writing. The study concludes by inviting teachers and teacher educators to reflect upon their personal teaching images via continual engagement with the social codes that structure pedagogical relationships.