Underprivileged Adolescents Research Articles

전환기 교육소외 청소년의 긍정심리 역량 유형 및 영향 요인 탐색

This study aims to explore the patterns of change in positive psychological capital among underprivileged adolescents who transition from middle school to high school. Using latent transition analysis, this study investigated the profiles of positive psychological capital among adolescents during their transitions from a longitudinal perspective. Subsequently, the random forest algorithm was employed to identify the factors influencing the transition patterns of positive psychological capital profiles. A total of 250 adolescents were utilized and they answered questions regarding positive psychological capital during the 1st and 2nd years of a the mentoring program provided by the Samsung Dream Scholarship Foundation. First, the positive psychological capital profiles consisted of three profiles for grade 9 and four profiles for grade 10. Second, it was found that variables such as goal orientation, attitudes toward learning, and career planning had a significant impact on maintaining a positive psychological capital profile. The results of this study could serve as foundational data for understanding the changes in positive psychological capital. Additionally, this could contribute to the development of differentiated educational programs and support initiatives aimed at enhancing positive psychological capital. Furthermore, the study underscored the need for systematic support in improving positive psychological capital from a long-term perspective.

Pratiques des entraîneurs sportifs et développement positif des jeunes en milieu défavorisé

Les activités sportives organisées représentent un contexte privilégié pour stimuler le développement positif (DP) des jeunes qui grandissent en milieu défavorisé. Cependant, les retombées positives de ces activités ne sont pas systématiques et dépendent notamment des actions et des paroles des entraîneurs qui les encadrent. On en sait peu sur la manière dont se manifestent concrètement ces pratiques. Cette étude qualitative menée auprès de 12 jeunes issus de milieux défavorisés (9 garçons; Mage = 14,08 ans) vise à répondre à deux questions : 1) Pour chacune des dimensions du DP, quelles sont les retombées des actions et des paroles des entraîneurs sportifs, telles que perçues par les jeunes? et (2) Quelles sont les actions et les paroles des entraîneurs sportifs qui, du point de vue des jeunes, engendrent ces retombées? Les résultats obtenus à partir d’analyses thématiques déductive et inductive suggèrent que les jeunes en milieu défavorisé sont tout à fait susceptibles de se développer positivement et sont en mesure de tirer profit des occasions qui leurs sont proposées, à condition que les entraîneurs valorisent l’école, offrent du soutien scolaire, fournissent des rétroactions constructives et agissent en tant que modèle positif. L’étude confirme également l’importance déjà connue des relations chaleureuses et de la prise en compte de l’opinion des jeunes. Cette étude contribue à approfondir les connaissances au sujet des actions et des paroles qui contribuent au développement positif des jeunes en milieu défavorisé.

Social groupwork for promoting psychological well-being of adolescents enrolled in sponsorship programs

Background: The dearth of data on adolescents highlighted in the UN’s data disaggregation against the agenda ‘no one left behind’ calls for research on ‘the second decade’. Moreover, India is a country with the world’s largest adolescent population, and as such, studies and policies for developing competencies of adolescents are crucial to the country’s development; interventions instilling confidence to aspire to a better future in underprivileged adolescents are vital to mitigate inequity. Methods: This intervention study adopted a quasi-experimental design to measure the effectiveness of social groupwork in raising the psychological well-being of adolescents in child sponsorship programs in Kerala. Forty adolescents from a Child Sponsorship Program (CSP) center in Kochi were recruited for the study. Those suggested by the CSP center considering their poor academic performance and behavior problems were allocated to the intervention group and the rest to the comparison group. The intervention was designed in response to the information garnered through a preliminary study and administered to the intervention group (n=20). We conducted pre-test and post-test for both the intervention group and comparison group (n=20). Results: Comparison between pre- and post-measurements carried out using paired sample t-test for the intervention group and comparison group separately gave a p-value of <0.05 for the intervention group and >0.05 for the comparison group. Thus, it was proved that psychological well-being of participants in the intervention group was raised significantly due to the social group work intervention. Conclusions: Applying refined granularity, this research adds data specifically on adolescents enrolled in child sponsorship programs and sets a blueprint for social groupwork to improve their psychological well-being. Proposing a conceptual framework for child sponsorship programs, this study recommends further research in all aspects of its functioning, and interventions at group, family, and community levels, for the well-being and empowerment of marginalized adolescents.

Social groupwork for promoting psychological well-being of adolescents enrolled in sponsorship programs.

Background: The dearth of data on adolescents highlighted in the UN's data disaggregation against the agenda 'no one left behind' calls for research on 'the second decade'. Moreover, India is a country with the world's largest adolescent population, and as such, studies and policies for developing competencies of adolescents are crucial to the country's development; interventions instilling confidence to aspire to a better future in underprivileged adolescents are vital to mitigate inequity. Methods: This intervention study adopted a quasi-experimental design to measure the effectiveness of social groupwork in raising the psychological well-being of adolescents in child sponsorship programs in Kerala. Forty adolescents from a Child Sponsorship Program (CSP) center in Kochi were recruited for the study. Those suggested by the CSP center considering their poor academic performance and behavior problems were allocated to the intervention group and the rest to the comparison group. The intervention was designed in response to the information garnered through a preliminary study and administered to the intervention group (n=20). We conducted pre-test and post-test for both the intervention group and comparison group (n=20). Results: Comparison between pre- and post-measurements carried out using paired sample t-test for the intervention group and comparison group separately gave a p-value of <0.05 for the intervention group and >0.05 for the comparison group. Thus, it was proved that psychological well-being of participants in the intervention group was raised significantly due to the social group work intervention. Conclusions: Applying refined granularity, this research adds data specifically on adolescents enrolled in child sponsorship programs and sets a blueprint for social groupwork to improve their psychological well-being. Proposing a conceptual framework for child sponsorship programs, this study recommends further research in all aspects of its functioning, and interventions at group, family, and community levels, for the well-being and empowerment of marginalized adolescents.

A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY ON COMMON BEHAVIORAL PROBLEMS AMONG THE UNDERPRIVILEGED ADOLESCENTS IN A SCHOOL OF KOLKATA.

Adolescence is characterized by conicts of values, emotional stress and readiness to extreme attitudes, which invariably leads to several psychosocial problems of adolescents. During adolescence, the frequency and severity of violent interactions increase. Worldwide, the prevalence of clinically signicant psychiatric disorder in children is at least 7%. This rate rises in socially disadvantaged and densely populated urban areas. It also increases by 3%-4% after puberty. Substance abuse is a common trigger of behavioral problems and often requires specic therapy. Behavioral problems may be the rst sign of depression or other mental health disorders. With this background this study is conducted to nd out different behavioral and psychological problems of underprivileged adolescents studying in a school of Kolkata and their background information as well. This observational &amp; descriptive epidemiological study was cross-sectional in design, was conducted from December 2019 to February, 2020. The School has at present 500 students from class Ι to X. In each class there are 50 students. The school has provisional afliation from ICSE Board. 20 students were selected from each class by Stratied Random Sampling method by using random number table from the list of the students of class VI to X. A predesigned, pretested, self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. The questionnaire was translated to two local languages i.e. Bengali &amp; Hindi. Most common behavioral problems were lying (88%), phobia (86%). Anxiety (80%), followed by cruelty and destruction (44%), school failures (36%), depression (28%), stealing (20%), masturbation (10%), addiction (8%). Common problems among male students were Anxiety, Phobia, Lying, Cruelty, School failure. Among female students, Phobia, Depression, Anxiety &amp; Lying were common behavioural problems. 62 adolescents told that they had phobia. Among them 62.9% adolescent had phobia to specic object. 32.26% had social phobia and 4.84% had school phobia. Further longitudinal studies should be planned to nd out temporal association of these behavioral and psychological problems among this study group.

Dietary Patterns in Underprivileged Indian Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes

Background: Children with diabetes are likely to have different food and nutrient composition due to dietary restrictions. Studies on dietary intakes in Indian underprivileged children with Type1 diabetes are scarce. Objective: To study dietary patterns and nutrient intakes of underprivileged children and adolescents with type1 diabetes in comparison with their healthy siblings. Methods: Cross-sectional study, diet assessed by 24-h recall on 3-non-consecutive days in 120 children with type1 diabetes (11.2 ± 3.8 yrs) and 65-age-gender matched healthy siblings. Dietary patterns determined by cluster analysis. Nutrient composition was compared by one-way ANOVA. Results: Children with diabetes belonged to middle/lower economic class. Mean HbA1C of children with diabetes was 9.7 ± 2.0% with higher intakes of whole cereals, milk, fruits, vegetables and lower intakes of refined cereals, pulses, animal products than healthy siblings (P &lt;0.05). Four diet patterns were characterized on the basis of major foods: i) wheat, ii) millets, iii) rice and pulse and iv) milk and fruits. Though patterns were similar in both groups, significantly higher intakes of vitamin C (35 ± 23 vs. 24.7 ± 16.3 mg/d), zinc (5.6 ± 2 vs. 4.5 ± 2.3 mg/d), thiamin (812 ± 383 vs. 570 ± 254 μg/d), riboflavin (782 ± 341 vs. 352 ± 182 μg/d) and calcium (673 ± 272 vs. 461 ± 253 mg/d) noted in children with diabetes. Total energy, protein and carbohydrate intakes were comparable; fat consumption was significantly lower amongst children with diabetes, though above recommended daily allowance (RDA) 41.6 ± 14.1 gm vs. 47.4 ± 18.9 gm, P=0.029. Conclusion: Underprivileged children with diabetes and siblings had similar dietary patterns; children with diabetes consumed healthier diet than siblings, still glycemic control was not optimum. Dietary interventions are needed to improve micronutrient intake and reduce fat intake in underprivileged children with type1 diabetes to improve their glycemic control.

Increasing socioeconomic disparities in tobacco smoking decline among French adolescents (2000-2017).

This paper studies the evolution of transitions from first cigarette use to daily use by socioeconomic status (SES) among French adolescents over the course of 17years, in a context of decreasing prevalence of tobacco use. A total of 182266 adolescents participated in the nationally representative ESCAPAD survey at nine different time points between 2000 and 2017. Discrete time-event analysis was used to model the transition to daily cigarette use as a function of SES, gender, age at onset and the use of other psychoactive substances. Although lifetime cigarette smoking and daily cigarette smoking decreased significantly over the studied time span, suggesting a positive impact of prevention policies, disadvantaged adolescents were consistently more prone to engage in daily cigarette smoking, more so in 2017 than 15years earlier. In the same time span, transitions from initiation to daily cigarette smoking have shortened, with an accelerated pace among underprivileged adolescents. Accelerated transitions from initiation to daily cigarette use are a prevalent trend among disadvantaged adolescents in France. Efforts to mitigate the impact of marketing strategies and to promote health literacy should be pursued to reduce social inequalities in health.

The role of socioeconomic status and psychosocial factors on gingivitis in socially disadvantaged adolescents.

Evidence on the possible influence of social and psychosocial factors on gingival status in socially disadvantaged children is scarce. The aim of this study is to assess the relationships among socioeconomic status, pattern of dental visits, self-esteem, oral health beliefs, toothbrushing frequency, oral hygiene effectiveness, and gingivitis in low social status adolescents. A cross-sectional study was performed involving 406 12-year-old students recruited in Manaus, Brazil. Socioeconomic status (family income, parent's schooling, number of goods, and household crowding), self-esteem, oral health beliefs, and frequency of toothbrushing were collected through self-completed questionnaires. Gingival status (bleeding on probing) and oral hygiene effectiveness (dental calculus) were evaluated by calibrated dentists through oral examinations. Structural equation modeling assessed the direct and indirect relationships between variables guided by a theoretical model. The prevalence of gingivitis was 77.6%. Worse socioeconomic status and poor oral hygiene effectiveness directly predicted gingival bleeding. Socioeconomic status was also linked to toothbrushing frequency. Positive oral health beliefs and higher self-esteem predicted higher frequency of toothbrushing. The latter was directly linked to greater oral hygiene effectiveness. Oral health beliefs and self-esteem indirectly predicted gingival bleeding via toothbrushing frequency and oral hygiene effectiveness. The present findings suggest the importance of socioeconomic status and psychosocial factors on gingival status in underprivileged adolescents. Poor oral hygiene mediated the associations between psychosocial factors and gingival status.

Promoting healthy lifestyles amongst under-privileged adolescents via inclusive digital support

Promoting healthy lifestyles amongst under-privileged adolescents via inclusive digital support

Promoting healthy lifestyles amongst under-privileged adolescents via inclusive digital support

Promoting healthy lifestyles amongst under-privileged adolescents via inclusive digital support

Individual and contextual variables related to periodontal disease: multilevel analysis in underprivileged adolescents in Brazil

The objectives of this study was to investigate the individual and contextual risk indicators of periodontal disease in underprivileged adolescents and the disparity in distribution of the disease Cross sectional analytical study conducted in the city of Piracicaba SP Brazil in The probabilistic sample was composed of adolescents from years of age randomly selected from state schools and Primary Health Units ndash Family Health PHU FH The dependent variable studied was presence of periodontal disease CPI The independent variables were classified into individual clinical sociodemographic psychosocial self perception impact on oral health access to services pain reports and quality of life variables and contextual social exclusion index total number of residents in suburb literacy rate percentage of home ownership residences percentage of domestic sewerage percentage of trash collected percentage with income of over minimum wage per month and percentage of families without monthly income The multilevel regression model was estimated by the PROC GLIMMIX Generalized Linear Models Mixed procedure considering the individuals rsquo variables as Level and the contextual variables of the suburbs as Level As regards the individual variables the adolescents who never had toothache with a lower impact on oral health and resided in homes with higher percentage of domestic sewage presented less presence of periodontal disease The individual and contextual variables were associated with the presence of periodontal disease in underprivileged adolescents indicating that they must be taken into consideration in the formulation of policies directed towards oral health promotion and prevention activities in this group

Corrigendum to “Anthropometric Characteristics of Underprivileged Adolescents: A Study from Urban Slums of India”

Corrigendum to “Anthropometric Characteristics of Underprivileged Adolescents: A Study from Urban Slums of India”

Enhancing Social-Skills through Social Learning Intervention among Rural Underprivileged Adolescents

Rural underprivileged youth from India are mostly failing to get decent job due to lack of life-skills. The chances are very less for rural underprivileged adolescents to acquire necessary skills from their cultural context. Hence Indian Adolescents from rural area presently requiring basic life skills for complete their education effectively and get a suitable job in India or abroad. As attaining this task present study examined the effectiveness of social learning intervention on enhancing self-leadership skills and communication skills among rural adolescents. Purposive sampling method was used to select the sample (N=50), it included 25 female and 25 male adolescents from underprivileged category. The sample was selected from the Government higher secondary school located in rural area of Coimbatore district in Tamil Nadu. This study consists following four phases which are Pre-test, Intervention, Post-test, and follow up phases. The social learning intervention was designed based on Bandura’s social learning theory therefore modeling, role play, and constructive feedback methods were used. Weekly one training session was taken totally 12 training sessions, 2 hour for each session. Revised self-leadership questionnaire and communication locus of control scale were used to collect the data in pre-test, post-test, and follow up phases. Mean, SD, repeated measure of ANOVO and Post-Hoc test was used to analysis the data and the results shows that self-leadership skills and communication skills was significantly improved after social learning intervention.

Effects of summer school participation and psychosocial outcomes on changes in body composition and physical fitness during summer break

[Purpose]Evidence suggests that adolescents gain more weight during the summer break than they do during the school year, and that participation in the summer school program is beneficial in maintaining their healthy lifestyle. It is known that obesity and physical fitness in adolescents can be affected by their socio-economic and psychological status, especially during a long school break. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of summer school participation and psychosocial outcomes on changes in body composition and physical fitness in underprivileged adolescents during the summer break.[Methods]Body composition and physical fitness in 138 underprivileged adolescents were measured at the beginning and end of the summer break. A survey on socio-economic and psychological status was conducted at the beginning of the summer break. Two-way repeated measures ANOVA and Tukey post hoc tests were used for data analysis. Pearson correlation analysis was performed to establish a relation between psychological outcomes and changes in body composition and physical fitness during the summer break.[Results]Significant increases in body weight (p = .003) and % body fat (p = .014) as well as a decrease in VO2max (p = .018) were found in summer school non-attendants during the summer whereas no significant changes were found in summer school attendants. Summer school non-attendants with lower psychosocial outcomes had a greater decline in physical fitness and weight gain; however, summer school attendants were not affected by psychosocial outcomes. The summer school program effectively prevented summer weight gain among underprivileged adolescents due to the structured environment, restricted food access, and scheduled time for exercise in addition to minimizing the effects of their psychosocial outcomes.[Conclusion]Results indicated that summer school non-attendants may require comprehensive intervention for psychosocial outcomes and nutritional education to maintain body weight and physical fitness levels during the summer break.

Individual and contextual factors related to dental caries in underprivileged Brazilian adolescents.

BackgroundInvestigate the individual and contextual variables related to caries in underprivileged adolescents, and the disparity in distribution of the disease.MethodsCross-sectional analytical study, conducted in the city of Piracicaba, SP, Brazil, in 2012. The probabilistic sample was composed of 1,179 adolescents from 15–19 years of age, randomly selected from 21 state schools and 34 Primary Health Units – Family Health (PHU-FH). The dependent variables studied were number of decayed teeth and caries experience (DMFT). The independent variables were classified into individual (clinical, sociodemographic, psychosocial, self-perception, impact on oral health, access to services, and quality of life) and contextual (social exclusion index, total number of residents in suburb, literacy rate, and the following variables given in percentages: residences in the home ownership category, provision of domestic sewerage, trash collection, families with income of over 1 minimum wage per month, and families without monthly income) variables. The multilevel regression model was estimated by the PROC GLIMMIX (Generalized Linear Models-Mixed) procedure, considering the individual variables as Level 1 and the contextual variables of the suburbs as Level 2. Adjustment of the model was evaluated by -2 Res Log Likelihood with α = 0.05.ResultsAs regards the individual variables, adolescents who declared having a prison inmate in the Family and resided in homes with a larger number of persons, showed a higher number of decayed teeth. There were a larger number of decayed teeth, a higher DMFT value, and worse self-perception as regards the health of their teeth and mouth. Other variables, such as being of the female gender, age and time since last visit to the dentist were related to the DMFT index. As regards the contextual variables, the DMFT was lower in suburbs with greater access to domestic sewage, and the number of decayed teeth was higher in suburbs with the worst social exclusion indices.ConclusionIndividual and contextual variables were associated with the presence of caries and DMFT index in underprivileged adolescents, indicating that they must be taken into consideration in the formulation of policies directed towards oral health promotion and prevention activities in this group.

Anthropometric Characteristics of Underprivileged Adolescents: A Study from Urban Slums of India

Purpose. The anthropometric status and growth of adolescents living in challenging conditions such as slums are insufficiently studied. The purpose here was to describe anthropometric characteristics and nutritional status of adolescents from urban slums of India and to study the factors affecting it. Methods. Anthropometric, socioeconomic and dietary habit data were collected using structured questionnaires of six hundred adolescents aged 10–19 years by house-to-house survey conducted in two randomly selected slums of Nashik, Western India. The growth of adolescents was compared using WHO and Indian reference populations. Mixed effects logistic regression models were used to examine associations between anthropometric measures and income, mother’s education, household size, and dietary intake. Results. Prevalences of stunting and thinness were lower using the Indian reference population compared to that of WHO. Stunting was more prevalent than thinness in the study subjects, and boys suffered more than girls. The effect of age on stunting was different among boys than girls. A mother’s education was highly significantly associated with both stunting and thinness in both sexes. Household size and income were significantly associated with the nutritional status of girls. Conclusions. Educating mothers about the nutritional needs of adolescents may help to improve adolescents’ anthropometric profile and future health.

Quality of life and socio-dental impact among underprivileged Brazilian adolescents.

To evaluate the influence of clinical variables, individual and contextual characteristics on the quality of life (QL) of underprivileged adolescents in a municipality in the interior of the State of São Paulo, Brazil. An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in Piracicaba, in 2012, with 1,172 adolescents aged 15-19 years, from 21 state schools and 34 Family Health Units. The dependent variables included the socio-dental impact (OIDP) and quality of life (WHOQOL-bref) indices. The dependent variables were classified as individual (DMFT index, CPI Index, age, sex, income, parents' educational level) and contextual (Social Exclusion Index) variable. The multilevel regression model was estimated by the PROC GLIMMIX ("Generalized Linear Models-Mixed") procedure, considering the individuals' variables as being Level 1 and the contextual variables as being Level 2, and the statistical significance was evaluated at level of significance of 5 %. Girls were found to have the worst QL (p < 0.000) and greatest OIDP (p = 0.000). There was an increase in OIDP (p < 0.001) and diminished QL (p < 0.052) with an increase in the periodontal index. This result is marginally significant since the significance probability is marginally greater than 0.05. In turn, there was an increase in QL (p = 0.000) and reduction in OIDP (p < 0.000) with an increase in the family income. Adolescents who resided in areas of greatest social exclusion (p = 0.031) and with greater OIDP (p < 0.000) presented the worst QL. Individual and contextual variables were related to the OIDP and QL in underprivileged Brazilian adolescents.

Readiness for independent living of adolescents in youth villages in Israel

Most Israeli children who spend their youth away from their birth parents live in youth villages. The majority of these children come from either the geographical or social periphery of Israel. Since the 1990s the youth villages have specialized in absorbing immigrants mainly from the former Soviet Union (FSU) and Ethiopia. The paper reports on a survey conducted among the professional staff in the youth villages. This study explores their perceptions of the readiness for independent living of adolescents on the verge of leaving youth villages and examines how readiness is associated with individual and familial characteristics. A structured questionnaire was mailed to youth villages asking professionals to anonymously complete the survey. The total sample include reports on 1256 adolescents who spent in the current setting on average 3.3 (SD = 1.8) years. For many of them this was the first out-of-home placement. Generally, workers have a favorable assessment of the youths' readiness for independent living. Still, they report that many of the youths do not have any of the necessary skills for independent living. Additionally, there are sub-groups that are more disadvantaged and at greater risk because they lack skills for a successful transition from care. The findings indicate that youth of Ethiopian origin are more disadvantaged with regard to skills related to school, the job market, finances, interpersonal relationships and normative behaviors, whereas youths from FSU present fewer skills pertaining to military service. The findings emphasize the important role Israeli youth villages have in supporting underprivileged adolescents in acquiring basic skills for adult life and suggest guidelines as to which sub-groups and in which area programs should be developed.

A Student Project to Qualify Underprivileged Adolescents

The objective of this student project was for the students to develop, conduct, and supervise a training course for basic work place applications (word processing and business graphics). Students were responsible for the planning, organizing and the teaching of the course. As participants, underprivileged adolescents took part in order to learn the handling of IT applications and therefore, improve their job skills and have a better chance to get into employment. Therefore the adolescents do the role of trainees at the course. Our students worked with a population that is continually overlooked by the field. As a result, the students trained to design and implement training courses, exercised to manage projects and increased their social responsibility and awareness concerning the way of life and living conditions of other young people. The underprivileged adolescents learned to use important business applications and increased their job skills and job chances. The overall design of our concept required extensive resources to supervise and to steer the students and the adolescents. The lecturers had to teach and to counsel the students and had to be on “stand-by” just in case they were needed to solve critical situations between the two groups of young people.

A Student Project to Qualify Underprivileged Adolescents

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