Underground Room Research Articles

Quantification of moisture flux from the wall surface in contact with the ground in a semi-underground space based on measurements and hygrothermal analysis

Relative humidity tends to be high in underground spaces. One possible cause for this is the moisture flux from the ground, whose effects have rarely been explicitly evaluated. To quantify the influence of moisture flux from the ground on indoor humidity, we performed a year-round field measurement of an unoccupied semi-underground apartment and developed a whole-building hygrothermal analysis of the target room and the surrounding ground. The larger measured annual average indoor absolute humidity than that of outdoor air indicated that the moisture transferred from the ground increased indoor humidity. Furthermore, the calculation results reproducing the measured indoor humidity confirmed the significant influence of moisture flux from the ground on indoor climate by comparing the results of a model in which the moisture flux from the ground was hypothetically masked out. The calculated indoor air moisture balance showed that the moisture flux from the envelopes in contact with the ground was more dominant than that from other envelopes or outdoor air, and that it accounted for more than 80% of the total indoor moisture gain, except in July. The moisture flux was highest in winter (October–January) because the higher temperature of the walls in contact with the ground accelerated moisture evaporation owing to the heat capacity of the ground. This study quantitatively demonstrated the influence of the moisture flux from the ground in a real, uninhabited underground room and the mechanism of its seasonal variations. The findings will contribute to developing countermeasures against high humidity in underground spaces.

Застосування методів радіолокаційної інтерферометрії та георадарного знімання для моніторингу земель історико-культурного призначення

Goal. The purpose of the work is to consider the application of geophysical methods for local areas (satellite radar interferometry and ground-penetrating radar surveying) in determining the boundaries of lands of historical and cultural purpose. Method. A combination of methods for identifying or clarifying the boundaries of historical and cultural heritage objects for the establishment of protective zones is proposed. This combination includes two methods of determining or monitoring lands of historical and cultural purpose, namely satellite radar interferometry and ground-based GPR surveying. With the help of satellite radar interferometry, it is possible to determine vertical displacements of the earth’s surface, that is, subsidence of soils in places where there are possible elements of cultural heritage objects (underground passages or underground rooms on the territory of castle complexes, places of mass graves, etc.). After determining the locations of the largest vertical displacements of the soil, these areas are investigated by ground-penetrating radar for the detection of anomalies, which are subsequently deciphered. With the help of a combination of these methods, it is possible to identify additional elements of objects of historical and cultural heritage located underground without archaeological intervention. This allows clarifying the existing boundaries of lands of historical and cultural purpose or discovering new ones, which in turn affects the correction of protection zones. The results. As a result of the research, two examples of the discovery of new lands of historical and cultural purpose using a combination of satellite radar interferometry and georadar surveying in the village of Nitishyn and the village of Bryukhovychi are presented. These lands of historical and cultural purpose include mass graves from the time of the Second World War, the boundaries of which have been clarified using these methods, which serves as the basis for establishing protective zones. Practical value. The obtained results of the application of the methods of radar interferometry and ground-penetrating radar surveying in the study of objects of historical and cultural purpose can be used to clarify the boundaries of the land plots of the corresponding fund. It is more accurate to adjust the security zones according to the received border results.

Restoration of the City Walls of Monopoli in Puglia (Italy)—The 16th Century House within the Walls: From the Discovery of the Gunboat to the Recovery of the Basement

This article presents part of the results of the restoration of a house within the walls of the ancient city of Monopoli in Puglia, Italy. The aim is to propose a methodological approach for the conservation of minor assets of ancient centers that are aimed at recognizing, on the one hand, the historical and cultural value of the asset and, on the other, the seismic vulnerability of the artefacts, which is a key topical problem for the conservation of historic cities. A brief introduction on the context of belonging, which is characterized by similar cases, precedes the following preliminary investigations: a historiographical investigation on the urban landscape; then, a critical inquiry and related essays. Preliminary investigations have rendered it possible to highlight: on the one hand, the phases in respect of the transformation of the building in question (i.e., 3rd century BC–19th century AD); and on the other hand, to identify a 15th century gunboat and an underground room that is characterized by ancient walls. The data, acquired in the cognitive phase and confirmed by the essays, determined the project. In other words “knowledge for the restoration of artefacts” was achieved. The project is aimed at reversibility, recognition and compatibility. Furthermore, it provides for the recovery and enhancement of the underground environment with horizontal structures and connections between the two levels that will possess reversibility criteria through the use of dry technologies. The restoration site started with the excavation of the base, which was a very complex process from an operational point of view. Moreover, on the one hand, such a process highlighted the hidden structures of the ancient city. On the other hand, it has highlighted an important criticality in relation to the foundation system, which is closely linked to the process evolution of the manufactured article. The restoration site of the external walls, carried out with sustainable techniques and materials, has brought to light this ancient fifteenth-century gunboat.

A Low-Cost Underground Mining and Miners Monitoring System Using Internet of Things

The safety of mine workers is a serious worry nowadays. the miners construct underground rooms to facilitate the minerals to be taken out of the mine at work in, which requires greater output and a larger workforce. In underground mining work locations, 2753 injuries were reported as non-fatal lost- time, resulting in 190,005 lost workdays. The main aim of this proposed system is to save workers from sudden falling and detect the toxic gases present in the mining area. Using the IOT technology, we created a system with different types of sensors to solve these issues. We used flame sensor, temperature and humidity sensor and Gas sensor, to detect the toxic gas environment inside the mining and detect the fire burst inside mining in the first module. Accelerometer sensor is used to detect the falling of the worker and the pulse sensor is used to detect the heartbeat of the worker in the second module. We have created the two modules where one module is for miners monitoring and another is for mining monitoring All these sensors are integrated with the NodeMCU. All the obtained data is sent to thingspeak cloud and if any abnormality is detected we will receive a notification through email using alert API.

Images, iconography, memories and performances of law in Indian High Courts

ABSTRACT From the Colonial to the Contemporary inaugurates the study of legal architecture and judicial iconography in South Asia. Rahela Khorakiwala's pathbreaking book based in three High Courts of Calcutta, Bombay and Madras finds a distinct voice within court ethnographies that provide granulated accounts of the social life of law. This book instructs us on how images, architecture and iconography conserve memories of past injustice and impact questions of access to justice today. The book may be read as an exposition of how courts produce images of ‘justice as virtue' and ‘justice as struggle'. In identifying how the wounds of the past attach themselves to the rituals of courtrooms as sites of memorialization, Khorakiwala suggests that such regimes of images conserve different temporalities in the contemporary. For example, Indian courts are haunted by ghosts that rise from underground rooms to disused dockets today, as if waiting for their stories on death row to find acknowledgment even today. Laws' inheritance therefore is not of pride but also of suffering. For legal architecture produces overcrowding of prisoners and litigants by design. This engaging book makes a compelling case for studying how law’s power speaks through architecture, artifacts, paintings, statues, ceremonies, and rituals.

Low-Head Hydropower for Energy Recovery in Wastewater Systems

Hydraulic turbines for energy recovery in wastewater treatment plants, with relatively large discharges values and small head jumps, are usually screw Archimedes or Kaplan types. In the specific case of a small head jump (about 3 m) underlying a rectangular weir in the major Palermo (Italy) water treatment plant, a traditional Kaplan solution is compared with two other new proposals: a Hydrostatic Pressure Machine (HPM) located at the upstream channel and a cross-flow turbine (CFT) located in a specific underground room downstream of the same channel. The fluid mechanical formulations of the flow through these turbines are analyzed and the characteristic parameters are stated. Numerical analysis was carried out for the validation of the HPM design criteria. The efficiency at the design point of the CFT and HPM are estimated using the ANSYS CFX solver for resolution of 3D URANS analysis. The strong and weak points of the three devices are compared. Finally, a viability analysis is developed based on several economic indicators. This innovative study with a theoretical formulation of the most suitable turbomachine characterization, the potential energy estimation based on hydraulic energy recovery in a real case study of a wastewater treatment plant and the comparison of the three different low-head turbines, enhancing the main advantages, is of utmost importance towards the net-zero water sector decarbonization.

Use of Underground Constructions Enhanced with Evaporative Cooling to Improve Indoor Built Environment in Hot Climate

Underground constructions (UGCs) have been used globally to accommodate a wide range of building usage, such as offices and shopping malls. Most of these constructions suffer from a lack of natural ventilation as well as daylight, as they are completely built under the surface of the earth. This has caused many issues related to discomfort, impacting the activity and the productivity of users. This study aimed to analyse the effect of the use of UGCs in hot regions, enhanced by partly elevated external walls which reach aboveground to ensure natural ventilation and daylight, with relatively small amounts of glazing to minimise the influence of solar heat gain. The study used a real built underground room with field measurements for indoor temperature and relative humidity. Moreover, the study used the computer tool EDSL TAS to simulate the performance of the model throughout the year after a field validation. It was concluded that the use of UGCs in hot climates should be encouraged as natural ventilation and daylight can decrease temperatures by 3 °C in summer, and the utilisation of evaporative cooling can cool the indoor environment by nearly 12 °C. Furthermore, heat transfer was highly affected by the external environment. It was found that the amount of heat transfer doubled in comparison between under and aboveground constructions. The use of small windows for ventilation caused high humidity, even in hot regions, during summer.

Колізей у фільмі «Римські канікули» (1953).

This article is dedicated to the Colosseum and a classic movie filmed in Rome "Roman Holiday” (1953, USA). It was the first Hollywood film to be filmed and processed entirely in Italy. The great thing about Rome is that not much changes in the historic city centre. The story is about princess Ann (played by Audrey Hepburn) who comes to Rome and slips out one evening from the Embassy, and an American journalist (Gregory Peck). Joe takes Ann around Rome for a "Grand Day Out" and we have loads of views of Rome, both the famous monuments and the streets, squares, and bridges. So when Audrey Hepburn surveys the Colosseum, she’s really surveying the Colosseum. In the film "Roman Holiday", Princess Ann holds on tight as they race through the roads past the famous Colosseum. The stars riding a Vespa made an iconic movie poster for the film, during an important era for Italian filmmaking. The authors of the article offer an innovative approach to the formation of a professionally oriented foreign language learning environment by studying the filming locations of the masterpiece of world cinema "Roman Holiday" (1953, USA), on the example of the Colosseum. It is a typical example copied throughout the empire: a highly decorative exterior, seats set over a network of barrel vaults, and underground rooms below the arena floor to hide people, animals and props until they were needed in the spectacles of the"Theatre of Death". Remembered the greatest English historian of all time Bede, Lord Byron’s poem"Child Harold's Pilgrimage", gladiators.

The geothermal potential of underground buildings in hot climates: Case of Southern Algeria

Underground buildings are one of the most effective old and modern techniques, at the same time to meet the trade-off between thermal comfort and low energy consumption in hot and arid climates, through the soil thermal properties, which can be applied as a heat capacitor for moderating indoor temperatures. This research aims to improve the thermal comfort and energy efficiency of underground buildings compared to aboveground buildings in hot and arid climates based on yearly energy consumption. The experimental measurements of soil temperatures at different depths were compared to the numerical results of the Kasuda equation. Furthermore, TRNSYS software simulation findings were validated by monitoring the temperature of an underground room in Ouargla, Algeria, using digital temperature sensors. The findings revealed that an underground structure with a depth of 2.34 m decreases cooling energy demand considerably during the summer season. Furthermore, with and without state support, the investment return time was predicted from 6.5 to 3.25 years, respectively.

Navigation system for a semi-autonomous shuttle car in room and pillar coal mines based on 2D LiDAR scanners

Autonomous navigation in underground environments remains a hot topic for the autonomous vehicle engineering community. There is a wealth of information available in the literature for implementing hardware and software solutions for robust navigation in an underground environment. Well-established algorithms are widely used for real-time data processing for self-awareness, situational awareness, and autonomous navigation. However, the geometry of the underground environment is rarely considered for the development of these approaches, in favor of more generalized approaches.In the mining sector, where production vehicles are utilized inside highly structured underground environments, the integration of underground geometry into the development of the navigation system could be beneficial. The inherent simplicity of such environments can significantly mitigate the complexity of the navigation system, as well as the composition and number of the multisensory modalities required for automating mining equipment.This paper presents a GPS-denied navigation system developed for underground coal mines that use the room and pillar mining method. Leveraging this simple and repetitive pattern, the navigation system uses only a few 2D LiDAR scanners that provide the information needed for autonomous navigation in underground room and pillar systems. Under the proposed approach, the calculation of an absolute global position is unnecessary, and navigation can be performed using only the relative position of the vehicle with respect to the immediate environment.The performance of this system is evaluated based on a lab-scale shuttle car prototype that is set to navigate a mock mine setup for a number of different scenarios simulating common missions that a shuttle car may undertake in a typical room and pillar section. The results show a minimum success ratio of 84%.

Data Management System for a Semiautonomous Shuttle Car for Underground Room and Pillar Coal Mines

In recent years, autonomous solutions in the multidisciplinary field of mining engineering have been an extremely popular applied research topic. This is a result of the increasing demands of society on mineral resources along with the accelerating exploitation of the currently economically viable resources, which lead the mining sector to turn to deeper, more-difficult-to-mine orebodies. An appropriate data management system comprises a crucial aspect of the designing and the engineering of a system that involves autonomous or semiautonomous vehicles. The vast volume of data collected from onboard sensors, as well as from a potential IoT network dispersed around a smart mine, necessitates the development of a reliable data management strategy. Ideally, this strategy will allow for fast and asynchronous access to the data for real-time processing and decision-making purposes as well as for visualization through a corresponding human–machine interface. The proposed system has been developed for autonomous navigation of a coalmine shuttle car and has been implemented on a 1/6th scale shuttle car in a mock mine. It comprises three separate nodes, namely, a data collection node, a data management node, and a data processing and visualization node. This approach was dictated by the large amount of collected data and the need to ensure uninterrupted and fast data management and flow. The implementation of an SQL database server allows for asynchronous, real-time, and reliable data management, including data storage and retrieval. On the other hand, this approach introduces latencies between the data management node and the other two nodes. In general, these latencies include sensor latencies, network latencies, and processing latencies. However, the data processing and visualization module is able to retrieve and process the latest data and make a decision about the next optimal movement of the shuttle car prototype in less than 900 ms. This allows the prototype to navigate efficiently around the pillars without interruptions.

Can Underground Buildings Be Beneficial in Hot Regions? An Investigation of Field Measurements in On-Site Built Underground Construction

Globally, there has been a remarkable growth in the number of underground constructions (UGC) such as railways, offices, hospitals and shopping malls. This expansion is a result of urban area extensions that are limited by the availability of buildable land. Underground construction can also be used to protect people from the harshness of the outdoor conditions. The aim of this research is to investigate the impact of underground construction in hot regions. The major issue with most of the current UGC is the lack of natural ventilation and daylight. This has a clear negative impact on the user’s perception and comfort. The new design elevates the external walls to place some of the windows above ground for the purpose of natural ventilation and providing a view. The study conducted an experiment using an underground room enhanced with field measurements to ascertain the indoor temperature as well as relative humidity. In addition, the study used an energy simulation to calculate building heat transfer and solar heat gain. It was revealed that the use of UGC in hot regions promoted with the addition of natural ventilation can lower the indoor temperature by 3 °C in summer.

Necropolis of Palazzone in Perugia: Geomatic data integration for 3D modeling and geomorphology of underground sites

AbstractThis article presents and analyzes the methodologies and results of the survey of an Etruscan archaeological site (the Necropolis of Palazzone) with tombs dug into the ground on a slope belonging to the Perugia hill, in central Italy. The survey presented particular difficulties, since the underground rooms are numerous, small, and not illuminated, and it required the creation of a unique geometric model, including both the underground and the external area. Therefore, different techniques and tools of geomatics were used: GNSS, total station 3D survey, terrestrial laser scanning, and digital photogrammetry, with the consequent need to manage and integrate a large amount of data. It was also possible to compare the results acquired with different methods, such as the digital terrain model of the external surface obtained by unmanned aerial vehicle photogrammetry or by kinematic GNSS survey. The survey had a dual purpose: to acquire documentation of the archaeological site geometry to be imported into GIS; and to support knowledge of the geomorphologic aspects of the area, as the tombs—carved into the sedimentary formations—allow us to observe and study the local stratigraphy in detail, while the geomatic surveys put the rooms in geometric relation to each other in 3D space.

Ground-Penetrating Radar Prospections in Lecce Cathedral: New Data about the Crypt and the Structures under the Church

Lecce is a city located in the southern part of the Apulia region (south Italy). Its subsoil is rich in the remains of superimposed ancient settlements from the Messapian period (7th–3rd century BC) to the Roman, Medieval, Renaissance, and Baroque periods. Lecce Cathedral is one of the most important buildings in the town. It was built in the 12th century and transformed in the 16th and 17th centuries. Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) surveys were carried out in the cathedral and its crypt with the aim to evidence both probably buried structures related to the known crypt and other features such as tombs. The GPR investigations allow us to locate many features under the floor of the church. Some of them are unknown and could belong to the previous building of the Romanesque period. Furthermore, most of the identified structures are related to tombs and underground rooms (ossuaries). Under the crypt floor, six tombs of the 19th and 20th centuries and other ancient structures were documented.

Laboratory Determination of Coal Dust Cleaning Efficacy of a Fibrous Filter for Flooded-Bed Dust Scrubber

Fibrous-type dust filters are used in flooded-bed dust scrubbers to capture dust from underground room and pillar mining atmospheres. They have 10–30 layers of finely woven strands that trap particles through the interception and impaction process. A full-cone water spray is installed upstream of the filter, which floods the screen. A scrubber’s efficacy is usually measured and reported in terms of reduction in gravimetric dust concentration at a known location in a mine. This paper reports the particle-size-dependent dust removal efficiency of a fibrous filter obtained from an instrumented test-set up. A variable frequency drive and an inline flow control knob were used to control the airflow through the filter and water flow onto the filter. Optical particle counting of coal dust particles upstream and downstream was carried out to determine the cleaning efficacy. Experiments showed an increase in cleaning efficiency for all the dust particles with their size. A progressive decrease in dust concentration downstream of the filter with an increase in water flow through the nozzle affirmed the capture of dust particles by water sprays.

RELIGIOUS BUILDINGS FIRE SAFETY IN UKRAINE

Problem. Religious buildings with a large number of people are fire hazardous. In total, there are 17,407 religious buildings in Ukraine. Out of them, approximately 3,000 are highly fire hazardous wooden buildings.The fire danger feature of religious buildings is open fire usage: candles, torches, lamps, underground rooms with complex planning, lack of ventilation systems. Besides, ancient religious buildings are mostly built using wooden materials. Fires occuring there are resonant, causing material and spiritual damage to the state and society. On average, about 20 fires occur each year in religious buildings, including wooden temples of historical heritage.Рurpose. Fire analysis in religious buildings in Ukraine and their occurrence causes; fire safety of religious buildings research.Preventive measures for religious building fire safety in Ukraine are prioritised by state program for emergency response. The State Emergency Service of Ukraine constantly monitors compliance with fire safety standards, which includes regular facilities inspections, personnel training control to prevent fires and reduce the consequences of fires, development, implementation, and control of technical methods of safety.Research methods. To achieve this goal, further methods were used: historical, systemic, theoretical generalization, abstract, logical, analysis, synthesis, comparative, and statistical methods.The main results. The most common shortcomings in religious building fire protection are the lack or malfunction of automatic fire alarms, power grid requirement non-compliance with the rules of the power grid, improper facility provision of with primary fire extinguishers, lack of lightning and water supplies for firefighting. In most buildings, wooden structures are not treated with refractory mortar.Fire causes and ways to prevent and improve fire safety are analyzed, namely: fire protection of religious building wooden elements, dome space fire extinguishing systems, fire alarm systems, lightning protection, safe people’s evacuation, candlesticks installation on non-combustible surfaces, primary fire extinguishing equipment, fire condition qualitative inspection of the of the heritage building, etc.Conclusions. After service, buildings must be completely deenergized, lighted candles and open fires must not be left unattended in the church. In religious buildings, it is necessary to carry out fire protection of wooden elements constructions, to install fire extinguishing systems in domed space, fire alarm system, lightning protection, to watch serviceability of electric networks. Rules of fire safety requirements for religious buildings are aimed at solving an important task - religious buildings safety. Unfortunately, due to lack of funds, the most important requirements are not implemented to improve fire safety.

Uranium sorption from radioactive waste of uranium ore processing at Pridneprovsk Chemical Plant

Abstract. The research results were generalized regarding the possibility of uranium sorption from radioactive waste accumulated at Production Association “Pridneprovsky Chemical Plant” (PA PCP). The conceptual possibility was illustrated for sorption leaching of uranium from pulps produced by acidic leaching of radioactive waste dumped at Zapadnoye (Western) tailing impoundment using AMP anionite contained benzyl pyridinium functional groups (manufactured by Smoly State Enterprise). Uranium recovery was 70 % to 80 % during waste acidic leaching with the mixture of 15 % sulphuric and 1.5 % nitric acids. Application of sorption leaching allowed the recovery increase up to 15 %. Uranium recovery was assessed from upper ground and underground water of Centralny Yar tailing site using AM-p-2 strong base macroporous anionite (produced by Smoly SP) based on styrene-divinyl benzene copolymer with 2-hydroxyethyl-dimethylammonium functional groups. This tailing impoundment features acidic reaction of radioactive water since the pulp was almost not neutralized after ore processing. It poses an environmental hazard due to active uranium leaching from the tailing impoundment body and its ability to migrate into groundwater. It was found that the distribution factor may attain ~2 000 for uranium concentration 7 mg/l in interstitial water and 4 mg/l in underground water. Assessment results were given regarding uranium recovery from radioactively contaminated water accumulated in the basement of building No. 103 using phosphate cationite based on modified plant material. The building is extremely contaminated and of top-priority for treatment and further dismantling. Sorbent capacity by uranium achieved in static mode was ~20 mg/g with distribution factor ~4 800. The results obtained may be proposed as the reasoning for the method and technology intended to decontaminate polluted water before it would be pumped from underground rooms of building No. 103. The research performed has shown that application of sorption materials is the most expedient and promising method for selective uranium recovery when solving the problems of tailing site remediation and handling radioactive waste of the former Pridneprovsky Chemical Plant.

Underground Physics and the Nonlinear Delayed Barometric Effect of the Gamma-Ray Background

The gamma-ray background problem is known to be acute in any low-background underground experiment. The variations of this background depend on many parameters and should be taken into account when interpreting the results of experiments combined under the term “underground physics”. This paper is devoted to studying the long-term variations of the gamma-ray background in an underground laboratory with a scintillation detector based on a CsI crystal. Our studies have revealed a new effect in underground physics—a delayed nonlinear pumping effect for the gamma-ray background in an underground room that can lead to a significant rise of this background at an anomalously low atmospheric pressure.

Frankish Viticulture, Wine Presses, and wine production in the Levant: New Evidence from Castellum Regis (Miʿilyā)

ABSTRACT As the Christian population increased in the Frankish Kingdom following 1100, there was also a much-increased demand for wine. This led to a revolution in agriculture and industry related to wine production. The high number of texts mentioning vineyards is indicative of these activities. To date only 26 wine-presses identified as belonging to the Frankish period have been discovered, but they provide considerable information about the building technology, and the nature of wine production. The new discovery in Miʿilyā provides critical information about this industry; it points to a kind of monopoly on wine production during the Frankish period, but it also provided great deal of information about the production technology. The fermentation in the local Levantine technology took place under the sun, with low proportion of CO2, in a non-controlled environment, while the Franks brought with them a different technology, in which the fermentation took place inside buildings, in a quite controlled environment with high levels of CO2. In addition, it seems likely that in Miʿilyā’s factory, the fermentation place and storage were in an underground large room. This style, which is suitable to rainy regions, seems to have been introduced to the Levant during the Frankish period.

Decreasing Mining Losses for the Room and Pillar Method by Replacing the Inter-Room Pillars by the Construction of Wooden Cribs Filled with Waste Rocks

The article presents methods of securing mining excavations using wooden cribs. For the underground room and pillar method used to excavate zinc and lead ore body in the Olkusz-Pomorzany mine in Poland, model tests for the replacement of rock pillars by wooden cribs are presented. In the first stage of research, the results of laboratory strength tests carried out on models of four-point, six-point and eight-point cribs made of wooden beech beams at a 1:28 scale arranged horizontally were determined. For the first time, a concave round notch connection was used to connect the beams of the wooden cribs. The maximal capacity of cribs consisting only of beams and filled with waste rocks taken from underground mining excavations was determined. In addition, the vertical deformations of the cribs at maximal loading force and their specific deformations are presented. Additionally, on the basis of load-displacement characteristics, the range in variability of the stiffness of empty cribs and those filled with waste rocks was calculated as a function of their compressibility. In the second stage of research, the room and pillar method was designed in the Phase2 numerical program. The aim of the study was to determine the stresses in the inter-room pillars. Based on the results of laboratory and numerical tests, a factor of safety was determined, indicating that it is possible to reduce mining losses while maintaining the safe exploitation conditions of the ore body.