Underground Components Research Articles

Quantitative comparison and evaluation between aerial and underground parts of Gentiana straminea through simultaneous determination of five major compounds by RP-HPLC

Herbal Gentiana straminea Maxim. (Family Gentianaceae), “Ma Hua Jiao” in Chinese, is a commonly used Chinese medicine. Secoiridoids and flavonoids have been identified as the major active components of herbal medicines used in the treatment of hepatitis, rheumatism and many other diseases. It is the overharvesting of the roots of this plant for medicinal purposes that has led to a drastic decline in its population. In the present study, the above and below ground parts of Gentian Bitter Glycine were quantitatively compared and evaluated for the determination of the major active constituents. Five major compounds, loganic acid, swertiamarin, gentiopicroside, sweorside and isoorientin, were extracted by solvent extraction technique and analyzed by Reversed-phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC). By analysing the principal components and calculating the composite scores, the results show that the aboveground component in different areas ranked higher compared to the underground component, with the former being able to substitute to some extent for the latter's underground component. Finally, based on hierarchical cluster analysis, we identified the ideal natural growing region for aerial parts of G. straminea distributed on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. The significance of this work is that we can balance the demand for herbs with environmental preservation by selectively picking the aerial parts, which can regrow next year, instead of removing the whole plant. It protects the fragile ecological environment of the Tibetan Plateau and is important for sustainable development.

Differential effects of cow dung and its biochar on Populus euphratica soil phosphorus effectiveness, bacterial community diversity and functional genes for phosphorus conversion.

Continuous monoculture leading to soil nutrient depletion may cause a decline in plantation productivity. Cow dung is typically used as a cheap renewable resource to improve soil nutrient status. In this study, our purpose was to compare the effects of different cow dung return methods (direct return and carbonization return) on soil microbial communities and phosphorus availability in the root zone (rhizosphere soil and non-rhizosphere soil) of P.euphratica seedlings in forest gardens and to explore possible chemical and microbial mechanisms. Field experiments were conducted. Two-year-old P.euphratica seedlings were planted in the soil together with 7.5 t hm-2 of cow dung and biochar made from the same amount of cow dung. Our findings indicated that the available phosphorus content in soil subjected to biochar treatment was considerably greater than that directly treated with cow dung, leading to an increase in the phosphorus level of both aboveground and underground components of P.euphratica seedlings. The content of Olsen-P in rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil increased by 134% and 110%, respectively.This was primarily a result of the direct and indirect impact of biochar on soil characteristics. Biochar increased the biodiversity of rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil bacteria compared with the direct return of cow dung. The Shannon diversity index of carbonized cow manure returning to field is 1.11 times and 1.10 times of that of direct cow manure returning to field and control, and the Chao1 diversity index is 1.20 times and 1.15 times of that of direct cow manure returning to field and control.Compared to the direct addition of cow dung, the addition of biochar increased the copy number of the phosphorus functional genes phoC and pqqc in the rhizosphere soil. In the biochar treatment, the abundance of the phosphate-solubilizing bacteria Sphingomonas and Lactobacillus was significantly higher than that in the other treatments, it is relative abundance was 4.83% and 2.62%, respectively, which indirectly improved soil phosphorus availability. The results indicated that different cow dung return methods may exert different effects on phosphorus availability in rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils via chemical and microbial pathways. These findings indicated that, compared to the direct return of cow dung, biochar return may exert a more significant impact on the availability of phosphorus in both rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils, as well as on the growth of P.euphratica seedlings and the microbial community.

The Mechanism and Regularities of Ion Runoff Formation in the Ob River (Western Siberia) under the Influence of Its Tributaries and Underground Feeding

An analysis of observation data was conducted on the chemical composition of river and groundwater in the Ob River basin, covering more than 23 thousand samples taken from the network of governmental monitoring of surface and groundwater, the materials of scientific research, and engineering surveys. A model was developed for computing the total content of major ions along a stem of the Ob River. As a result, quantitative estimates of the total ion runoff and its underground component were obtained. Conclusions were drawn relating to: (1) uneven distribution of the ion flow over the Ob basin; (2) the predominant removal of dissolved solids from mountain regions and adjacent forest steppe and southern taiga areas and their accumulation in the middle taiga subzone with the maximum thickness of sedimentary cover of Mesozoic–Cenozoic deposits; (3) the influence of the main tributaries on the total dissolved solids (TDS) in the Ob River, limited to only a few kilometers downstream of their mouths (the rivers of Irtysh, Chumysh, and Severnaya Sosva as exceptions); (4) the maximum impact of groundwater on river water TDS in the forest steppe and southern taiga areas of the upper and middle Ob basin and minimum impact in the flat part of the lower reaches of the Ob in forest–tundra and tundra.

Diagnostic signs of aboveground and underground organs of Ferula Tenuisecta Korov. in natural conditions

This study presents a pioneering investigation into the anatomical composition of both above-ground and underground organs, including leaves, petioles, peduncles, pedicels, and roots of Ferula tenuisecta, within their natural ecological habitats. Notably, this research delves into the schizogenic type of tissue development found in the peduncle and root, elucidating its intricate connection to the robustness of the organ, which, in turn, aligns with the plant’s distinct life form. The data gleaned from this study highlights distinctive and species-specific structural diagnostic attributes inherent in the above-ground and underground components of Ferula tenuisecta. These attributes carry significant potential for utilization in botanical systematics and the accurate identification of plant specimens within this species. Moreover, these findings have implications beyond taxonomy, as the revealed structural traits serve as valuable tools for detecting and assessing the presence of biologically active compounds within different organs and tissues. By shedding light on the intricate anatomical architecture of Ferula tenuisecta’s various organs, this study contributes to a deeper understanding of the plant’s ecological adaptations and offers practical avenues for its systematic characterization and potential applications in the realm of biologically active substances research.

Assessment of surface and underground components of river runoff by water mineralization

Assessment of surface and underground components of river runoff by water mineralization

Global Trends of Acidity in Rainfall and Its Impact on Plants and Soil.

Due to its deleterious and large-scale effects on the ecosystem and long-range transboundary nature, acid rain has attracted the attention of scientists and policymakers. Acid rain (AR) is a prominent environmental issue that has emerged in the last hundred years. AR refers to any form of precipitation leading to a reduction in pH to less than 5.6. The prime reasons for AR formation encompass the occurrence of sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), ozone (O3), and organic acids in air produced by natural as well as anthropogenic activities. India, the top SO2 emitter, also shows a continuous increase in NO2 level responsible for AR formation. The plants being immobile unavoidably get exposed to AR which impacts the natural surrounding negatively. Plants get affected directly by AR due to reductions in growth, productivity, and yield by damaging photosynthetic mechanisms and reproductive organs or indirectly by affecting underground components such as soil and root system. Genes that play important role in plant defense under abiotic stress gets also modulated in response to acid rain. AR induces soil acidification, and disturbs the balance of carbon and nitrogen metabolism, litter properties, and microbial and enzymatic activities. This article overviews the factors contributing to AR, and outlines the past and present trends of rainwater pH across the world, and its effects on plants and soil systems.

INFLUENCE GROUNDWATER PRODUCTION AND EXPLOITATION ON ECOSYSTEM CHANGING IN AZERBAIJAN

The Azerbaijan Republic is located in the arid climatic zone and due to this feels deficit of general water balance. The production and utilization of the groundwater caused negative consequences that affected on natural conditions of different regions. For example, in Qanikh-Ayrichay fields we can notice abnormally high hydraulic interrelation between ground and surface waters, and underground component of the river drain in the natural conditions forms approximately 55-65%. When infringing given conditions by production the groundwater the decrease of their average level forms approximately 50-60 meters. The appeared depression funnels cause tightening of the additional volume of river run-off to the groundwater intake wells, that is damage river run-off. Given volume of the river run-off must not be calculated twice when assessing the common water balance of the region. And another fact, the decrease of the groundwater level in a part of Gusar region has created some ecological problems. In the region of development of the relict forests the dynamic levels of the groundwater decreased on 25-30 meters. This affected root-inhabitable stratum and as a result led to abrupt aggravation of the ecological situation of the regions. It was required to optimize the production of the groundwater. Opposite situation is observed in the Absheron Peninsula where there are almost no fresh water resources. The water demands are met by surface water resources of Samur river and groundwater transfer from Guba-Gusar region of the Republic (more than 200 km from the demand areas). These sources are augmented with water from Kura river in the Ali-Bayramli region (more than 180 km from the demand area), at rates of up to 30 m'/sec. Due to the specific hydrogeological conditions, absence of sewerage system and etc., it leads to land subsidence, landslide processes, flooding, and other environmental and social phenomena and abrupt aggravation of the geoecological situation of the peninsula, in the whole. As it has already been mentioned a big part of groundwater in Azerbaijan is utilized for irrigation of agricultural crop. Mostly we notice fresh (up to1.0 g/l) or weakly saltish (up to 3.0 g/l) hydrocarbonate-sulphate and sulphate - hydrocarbonate waters with different cationic composition. The combination of cations form irrigation factors of the groundwater and as a result forms opportunity to utilize it for irrigation of concrete soils. Incorrect calculation of given qualitative parameters in the "water-rock" system has led to salinization of the soils of irrigated areas of Mil and Mugan-Salyan plains and accordingly led them to exit from the crop rotation. At present time, melioration of these areas is realizing. Thus, we can certify that production and utilization of the groundwater is essential anthropogenic factor, which influence on geoeco-logical situation of the republic. This factor must be taken into account when forecasting water-related activities in the whole and concerning exploitation of the groundwater, in particular. Keywords: water-bearing horizons, aquifer, water-saturated series, water-economy balance, gravel-pebble sedimentation, depression funnel, Mil and Mugan-Salyan plains, exploitative reserves.

Влияние дополнительного оборудования на параметры несущих конструкций башнеподобных агрегатов космических ракетных комплексов

Various tower-like aggregates are often used as part of the space rocket system ground equipment, for example, mobile service towers and cable-filling towers. The impact of placing additional equipment on the tower-like aggregates on the mass and the cost of these aggregates were assessed at the early stages of the ground equipment design and development for the space rocket systems. Methods for conducting such assessments are required for reasonable function distribution among the ground equipment aggregates, which is relevant for the newly created space rocket systems, especially those of the super-heavy class. Constant external dimensions of the supporting structures of the aggregates under consideration were considered as an assumption in the work. As a result of analyzing the stress-strain state of the tower-like aggregate rod model, an approximate dependence was obtained to identify the increase in the mass of a truss supporting structure of the tower-like aggregates with additional equipment loaded on them. Besides, dependence of the pile foundation mass typical for the tower-like aggregates of ground equipment on alteration in the mass of such aggregates was analyzed. At the same time, assumptions were accepted on maintaining the foundation transverse dimensions and the soil conditions uniformity. The equivalent pile (support) method shows that when using the tower-like aggregate foundation containing the hanging piles, this foundation mass in the first approximation should increase circa in proportion to the square of the mass of the tower-like aggregate. Similarly, it was demonstrated that the mass of pile-racks foundation should increase approximately in proportion to the mass of the tower-like aggregate. The dependences obtained make it possible in the presence of a minimum amount of the initial data to obtain estimates of alterations in the mass of the tower-like aggregate ground and underground components. An estimate of the corresponding alteration in the tower-like aggregate cost is also provided.

The Role of Hydrogeological Monitoring in a Multidisciplinary Context for the Preservation of the Critical Zone in the Natural Reserve of Castelporziano Estate

Critical Zone (CZ) science has developed in recent years, involving different disciplines that vary depending on the specific research focus. This multidisciplinary approach highlights the relevance of the Underground component of the Critical Zone (UCZ) in regulating the water cycle, which can influence the complex equilibrium of the whole CZ. In this study, we analyze evolution during the time of different parameters, characterizing the saturated and unsaturated parts of the UCZ of the Castelporziano Estate, a natural reserve located in a coastal area close to Rome. The purposes of these activities are to monitor the potential depletion of groundwater resources and understand the recharge mechanism processes characterizing the aquifer in the framework of occurring climate changes, net of anthropogenic pressure. The long-term analyses of water table variations carried out over the last 25 years, allowed us to preliminarily identify four different ranges of the slope coefficient of the water table, characterizing different areas of the Estate. Specifically, the Northern, Central, and Coastal areas have shown a general depletion trend in piezometric levels, while in the Eastern area, a positive trend has been recognized. Additional long-term analysis of piezometric level variations allowed us to confirm the presence of the four recharge areas and compare annual recharge and water table levels to assess the relationship between the saturated UCZ and meteoric recharge in the identified areas. To evaluate the role of the unsaturated UCZ in recharge mechanisms, the water content in the first meter of soil has also been analyzed, showing different responses of outcropping sediments in capturing rainfall during different periods of the year and under different rainfall input conditions, highlighting the pivotal role of rainfall for the Castelporziano UCZ, both for deep recharge of the water table and for feeding the forest roots. Stable isotopes confirm that Castelporziano UCZ feeding is strongly dependent on local meteoric recharge, also highlighting that evaporation processes are active in a limited way. The obtained results assess that the monitoring of UCZ has a crucial role in the correct preservation of more complex environmental systems, which include groundwater resources and the coastal Mediterranean forest.

Consequences of interactions between stormwater infiltration systems, shallow groundwater and underground structures at the neighborhood scale

ABSTRACT This study investigates the interplay between stormwater infiltration devices, shallow groundwater and underground structures (sewer pipes and building foundations) at the neighborhood scale. Considering a hypothetical urban area, different scenarios are designed by varying the underground components taken into account within two soil types. For the least permeable soil, interactions with groundwater reduce the infiltration within devices (−99 to −151 mm/y) and increase the transpiration in surrounding areas (+42 to +50 mm/y). For both soils, the overall water table rise due to infiltration and mounding beneath infiltration devices increases groundwater drainage by sewer pipes and draining systems (+7 to +96 mm/y) and the water elevation differential between opposite walls of impervious structures (up to +1.5 m). In turn, underground structures strongly modify groundwater flow. For the least permeable soil, this directly affects groundwater influence on infiltration and transpiration and thus the overall effects of infiltration strategies at the neighborhood scale.

The vulnerability of ecosystem structure in the semi-arid area revealed by the functional trait networks

The ecosystems were characterized by complex, nonlinear interactions determined by different plant functional traits. The characteristics of the multiple relationships between ecosystem functional traits affected the vulnerability to drought. A three-level network analysis on instead of the network metrics, relationships among inter-components, and essential traits was conducted in dryland ecosystems of China. The new network of functional traits included leaf, root, and biomass components was constructed to simulate different aridity conditions. Results show that the multiple relationships of functional traits that co-regulated ecosystem biomass differ along an aridity gradient. The highest network modularity and degree centrality were observed in the semi-arid ecosystems indicating low integration and high sensitivity of semi-arid ecosystems (269% and 23.7% higher than in dry sub-humid site, and 142% and 51.1% higher than arid sites). The leaf quantity strongly affected the connection between functional traits at the semi-arid zone. The semi-arid areawas found to have relatively low resistance to environmental change because of low integration and high sensitivity of the ecosystem structure at that site. An increase of degree centrality of the root traits and trade-off relationships between roots and leaves indicated greater allocation of resources by vecgetation to underground components by the arid ecosystems to increase water absorption. The study reveals the complex relationships between leaf, root, and biomass components, and the essential traits of the ecosystem. It enhanced understanding of the vulnerability of semi-arid ecosystems to environmental change.

Flow rate control in standing column wells: A flexible solution for reducing the energy use and peak power demand of the built environment

Standing column wells offer a generous and flexible solution to improve the energy efficiency of the built environment. As these systems behavior is strongly affected by groundwater advection, the acute challenge of predicting their thermal evolution with both accuracy and computational efficiency has so far hindered the development of design tools and optimized control strategies. In this work, a powerful simulation algorithm is implemented and applied to the performance assessment of multi-borehole standing column well systems located in a heterogeneous geological environment and operating under various constant and dynamic flow rate control strategies. The iterative algorithm relies on the non-stationary convolution technique to simulate the underground components, and the EnergyPlus approach to represent the heat pump efficiency at full and part loads. The findings suggest that using higher flow rates in peak conditions is a key element that minimizes auxiliary assistance and power demand. Complementary variable flow rate control aiming to maintain a 2 °C temperature difference across the plate heat exchanger has shown to alleviate groundwater usage and generate at least 8%–11% annual energy savings compared with constant flow. This operating strategy allowed the systems to deliver 197–246 W/m with a heating seasonal performance factor of 3.59. These results were achieved through 34 annual simulations having hourly time steps that were performed with the proposed algorithm in a total of 4 h 17 min, compared to 11 days for a single simulation using a numerical reference model.

ОЦІНЮВАННЯ ФІЛЬТРАЦІЙНОЇ СКЛАДОВОЇ ВОДНОГО БАЛАНСУ ОЗЕРА ЛЕБЕДИНЕ (СУМСЬКА ОБЛАСТЬ)

Quantitative analysis of the relationship between surface and groundwater in the area adjacent to Lebedyne Lake (Sumy region) is presented. Preliminary studies do not explain the role and quantification of groundwater runoff in lake level fluctuations. The solution to the problem is proposed by the authors based on the calculation of water balance. The article presents the results of research of hydrogeological conditions of the territory near the lake and the results of quantitative assessment of the underground component of the water balance. It has been established that the level regime of Lebedyne Lake is determined by meteorological factors, terrain and conditions of interconnection of surface and groundwater (primarily groundwater). It was also found that groundwater in alluvial deposits in the area adjacent to the lake is separated from the aquifers below, a thick layer of waterproof rocks. Therefore, the existing long-term operation of the mentioned aquifers and complexes for the purpose of centralized water supply cannot be a direct cause of changes in the natural water balance of groundwater and lakes. Also, low anthropogenic pressure in the surrounding area cannot be considered a factor that significantly affects the natural water balance. Groundwater supply in the study area is due to infiltration of precipitation and the flow of surface water from the lake into the groundwater. Changing the water level in the lake very quickly leads to a change in the water level in the soil aquifer, and vice versa. According to calculations, the total loss from the lake to groundwater supply is about 207.1 m3 /day or 75600 m3 /year. The obtained results are the basis for scientific substantiation of designing a system of local monitoring of groundwater status in the area adjacent to Lebedyne Lake.

Modern hydrological changes in the Don River basin, caused by economic activities in the watersheds and climatic factors, and their consequences

An assessment of the current hydrological changes in the Don River basin, the largest river in Russia located in the forest-steppe and steppe zones, is given on the basis of the geographic-hydrological method. Particular attention is paid to identifying the hydrological role of economic activity in catchments on the background of ongoing climatic changes. The contribution of flow from various lands to the spring surface slope runoff was determined. The anthropogenic and climatic changes of the surface slope runoff and infiltration into the soil on arable lands, as well as river runoff, its surface and underground components are calculated. It was found that due to the increase in air temperature, a significant reduction in the river runoff surface component and an increase in its underground component has become a characteristic feature of the river flow formation. It is shown that hydrological changes in the Don River basin have ambiguous after effects and along with negative there are also take place positive consequences. The identified hydrological changes are of a sustainable nature, and it is advisable to take them into account when predicting the state of water resources in the near future.

Changes in the concentration of sulfate ions in the Volga water (section of the Zhigulevsky hydroelectric complex)

In water bodies, sulfate ions play an important role in the sulfur cycle and affect the state and functioning of aquatic ecosystems. In the Volga water, sulfates rank second among the main anions in terms of their contribution to water mineralization. The concentration of sulfates does not remain constant, but changes continuously throughout the year. For a quantitative assessment of changes in the concentration of sulfates on the Volga River in the section of the Zhigulevsky hydroelectric complex, an analysis of long-term data of hydrological and hydrochemical observations was carried out. For the period 2001-2018 the average annual river flow was 7,7 thousand m3/s. The highest flow rate was observed in 2005 and amounted to 9,0 thousand m3/s, and the lowest in 2011 – 6,2 thousand m3/s. The average annual concentration of sulfates was 55 mg/dm3, the highest – 64 mg/dm3, and the lowest – 45 mg/dm3. The sulfate content was characterized by significant seasonal variability. During the winter low-water period, the highest concentrations of sulfates were observed with a maximum in April, before the beginning of the spring flood (67 mg/dm3). During the flood, the content of sulfates decreased, reaching the lowest values during the summer low-water period in August (44 mg/dm3), and then, from September, the concentration of sulfates gradually increased to 57 mg/dm3 at the beginning of the winter low-water period. Over the 18-year observation period, the amplitude of sulfate concentrations was 34-87 mg/dm3. Seasonal changes in the content of sulfates in the section of the Zhigulevskaya hydroelectric complex are mainly due to the change in water masses formed on the overlying reservoirs as a result of the interaction of the surface and underground components of the water runoff. In dry years, the content of sulfates increases, and in high water, it decreases. The difference in the content of sulfates in extremely high-water and low-water years can reach 15-20 mg/dm3.

Changes in the concentration of chloride ions in the Volga water (section of the Zhigulevsky hydroelectric complex)

For a quantitative assessment of changes in the concentration of chlorides, an analysis of the data of hydrological and hydrochemical observations obtained on the Volga River in the alignment of the Zhigulevsky hydroelectric complex was carried out. For the period 2001-2018 the average annual concentration of chlorides was 27mg/dm3, the highest –31mg/dm3, and the lowest - 24mg/dm3. The chloride content was characterized by seasonal variability. During the winter season, the concentration of chlorides increased. The maximum was observed in April, before the beginning of the spring flood. During the spring flood, the chloride concentration decreased, reaching the lowest values ​​in May at the peak of the spring flood. In the summer, the concentration of chlorides gradually increased, and in the autumn, it decreased. The intra-annual amplitude of the average monthly concentrations of chlorides was 14-42mg/dm3. Such significant intra-annual changes in chlorides in the outlet section of the Kuibyshev reservoir are due to the interaction of the surface and underground components of the water flow of the Cheboksary and Nizhnekamsk reservoirs. In low-water years, the concentration of chlorides increased, and in high-water years, it decreased.

Graph Convolutional Networks: Application to Database Completion of Wastewater Networks

Wastewater networks are mandatory for urbanisation. Their management, including the prediction and planning of repairs and expansion operations, requires precise information on their underground components (manhole covers, equipment, nodes, and pipes). However, due to their years of service and to the increasing number of maintenance operations they may have undergone over time, the attributes and characteristics associated with the various objects constituting a network are not all available at a given time. This is partly because (i) the multiple actors that carry out repairs and extensions are not necessarily the operators who ensure the continuous functioning of the network, and (ii) the undertaken changes are not properly tracked and reported. Therefore, databases related to wastewater networks may suffer from missing data. To overcome this problem, we aim to exploit the structure of wastewater networks in the learning process of machine learning approaches, using topology and the relationship between components, to complete the missing values of pipes. Our results show that Graph Convolutional Network (GCN) models yield better results than classical methods and represent a useful tool for missing data completion.

О МЕТОДИКЕ ГЕОПРОСТРАНСТВЕННОГО МОНИТОРИНГА БУГРОВ ПУЧЕНИЯ МНОГОЛЕТНЕМЕРЗЛЫХ ПОРОД

The article presents historical aspects of the research of permafrost landforms. Technogenic and natural factors affecting the development and degradation of the heaving hills, as well as the impact of the heaving hills on the infrastructure of the oil and gas industry in the Far North during its operation, are considered. The article presents the existing methods for determining the value of the external and underground components of the hummocks of permafrost heaving. The analysis of the existing meth-ods and means of performing measurements in determining the external and underground components of the hummocks of permafrost heaving is carried out. Based on the results of the research and analy-sis of materials, a method for geospatial monitoring of heave mounds based on a method for determin-ing the magnitude and direction of deformation of the external and underground components of heave mounds are offered.

Инженерные изыскания коридоров линейных коммуникаций с учётом геотехнического мониторинга бугров пучения

The necessity of oil and gas fields arrangement in the Extreme North and developing updated edition of rules’ for making engineering surveys codes, taking into account the specific features of the oil and gas fields territories with heaving mounds of permafrost (MMP) is considered in details. The developed models of temperature fields enable predicting possible deformation changes in the geospatial position of the underground and aboveground components of the heaving mounds. It is recommended that the corridor of linear communications be located at least 50 meters from the underground component of the heaving mound and 100 meters from the upper line of the intersection of the heaving mound with the earth’s surface. A new formula for determining the depth of thawing is proposed, taking into account the amount of seasonal thawing and the lateral influence of the heave hill. The research results are introduced in the production of engineering surveys in Samburg, Centillica and Yamburg.

Current Features and Dynamics of Nutrient Balance in the Kud’ma River Basin. 1. Annual Nutrient Balance

The main components of the annual water and nutrient balance are determined for the basin of the Kud’ma River, which has a landscape structure typical of the southern part of the forest zone. The contribution of the natural and anthropogenic factors to nutrient inputs into the Kud’ma River and their export from the catchment area is estimated. It is shown that forest tree waste is among the major natural factors of nutrient input into the Kud’ma River catchment area, while animal wastes are among anthropogenic factors. Nutrient export with river runoff, including its surface and underground components, is evaluated. It is found that the export of nitrogen and phosphorus from the catchment area has increased considerably in the recent years because of changes in the hydroclimatic conditions, which have caused a decrease in the surface runoff component and a considerable increase in its underground component.