Uncontrolled Chain Reaction Research Articles

DNAQL: a query language for DNA sticker complexes

DNA computing has a rich history of computing paradigms with great expressive power. However, far less expressive power is needed for data manipulation. Indeed, the relational algebra, the yardstick of database systems, is expressible in first-order logic, and thus less powerful than Turing-complete models. Turing-complete DNA computing models have to account for many and varied scenarios. A DNA implementation of data manipulations might be nimbler and perform its operation faster than a Turing-complete DNA computing model. Hence, we propose a restrictive model for implementing data manipulation operations, focused on implementability in DNA. We call this model the sticker complex model. A forte of the sticker complex model, is its ability to detect when hybridization becomes an uncontrolled chain reaction. Such chain reactions make hybridization less predictable and thus less attractive for deterministic computations. Next, we define a query language on sticker complexes, called DNAQL. DNAQL is a typed, applicative functional programming language, powerful enough to simulate the relational algebra on sticker complexes. The type system enjoys a number of desirable properties such as soundness, maximality, and tightness.

The Beneficial Effects of Saffron Extract on Potential Oxidative Stress in Cardiovascular Diseases.

Saffron is commonly used in traditional medicines and precious perfumes. It contains pharmacologically active compounds with notably potent antioxidant activity. Saffron has a variety of active components, including crocin, crocetin, and safranal. Oxidative stress plays an important role in many cardiovascular diseases, and its uncontrolled chain reaction is related to myocardial injury. Numerous studies have confirmed that saffron exact exhibits protective effects on the myocardium and might be beneficial in the treatment of cardiovascular disease. In view of the role of oxidative stress in cardiovascular disease, people have shown considerable interest in the potential role of saffron extract as a treatment for a range of cardiovascular diseases. This review analyzed the use of saffron in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases through antioxidant stress from four aspects: antiatherosclerosis, antimyocardial ischemia, anti-ischemia reperfusion injury, and improvement in drug-induced cardiotoxicity, particularly anthracycline-induced. Although data is limited in humans with only two clinically relevant studies, the results of preclinical studies regarding the antioxidant stress effects of saffron are promising and warrant further research in clinical trials. This review summarized the protective effect of saffron in cardiovascular diseases and drug-induced cardiotoxicity. It will facilitate pharmacological research and development and promote utilization of saffron.

Simple FFH pilot experiment model based on DTT-like machine

The global need for energy in the world is constantly increasing. Critical fission reactors have proved great efficiency in the energy production, but the fear of nuclear wastes and accidents due to an uncontrolled chain reaction makes these unpleasant to public. More safe fusion reactors, on the opposite, have low efficiency. Hybrid reactors capable of using the advantages of both are studied, but not yet developed. In this paper, a simple fusion–fission pilot experiment model has been developed. A Tokamak with the same characteristics of DTT (Divertor Tokamak Test facility) has been considered as a reference machine for the fusion component. The fusion system has been coupled with a relatively simple low-power fission blanket configured into three different modes by using different fuels and materials. This model could be useful in order to investigate the properties of the fusion–fission hybrid coupling from a neutronic point of view.

ЛІНГВІСТИЧНИЙ ПОВОРОТ ТА ЙОГО РОЛЬ ДЛЯ ФІЛОСОФІЇ ТА ЛІНГВІСТИКИ У КІНІЦІ 20 ПОЧАТКУ 21 СТОЛІТТЯ

Annotation. The article is devoted to one of the debatable problems of modern philosophy – the problem of appearing the “linguistic turn” and its influence on political, economic and social sciences. It is proved that the “linguistic turn” itself is comparable in the significance of its claims and the results obtained, perhaps only with the Cartesian turn of the New Age in its philosophical application or the Copernican turn in science, that is why there is no need explicate its significance for the scientific world of the end of the 20 th century – the beginning of the 21 st century. It is substantiated in the study that the “linguistic turn” is the bifurcation centre of an established system of existing paradigmatic directions. Such an intellectual explosion results in an uncontrolled chain reaction with a train of divergent consequences, which takes place in our analysis: philosophy, linguistics, philology, history, political, economic and social sciences have been assimilating and developing the latest achievements obtained as a result of the linguistic revolution – the “linguistic turn”. The interest in language raised in the second half of the 19 th century when the transfer from classical science to non-classical one occurred. The period can be characterized by differentiation of knowledge, by the expansion of communicative, ethnic, intercultural, and consequently, language relations. Language becomes an independent subject of research not only of philosophers but also of linguists, logicians, psychologists. Language turns for philosophy and linguistics into a conceptual focus, into one of the most urgent research tasks, at least focusing on it should give philosophical-linguistic problems coherence, organization, and clarity. Moreover, the track for such theming is already ready – this is the famous “linguistic turn”, about which much has already been said. The pathos of the linguistic turn is very clearly formulated by the British analyst Michael Dammit – the philosophy of language is the philosophy for the most part .In the problematic breakthrough, the “turn to language”, made by philosophy in the 20 th century, one can feel in general the spirit of non-classical philosophizing. Thought and speaking are actually human, opposing nature, inherent in the human community. The problems relating to language have been dealt with since the times of Antiquity, and until the 20 th century, the classical analysis of language was spread, which was carried out in “static”, “absolute” concepts that “covered” the entire accessible horizon of phenomena. Non-classical philosophizing focused on moving, historical phenomena, on possibility and chance. Along with this, language began to be considered not as an entity, but as existence, activity, and language phenomena – in their specific temporal representation. Thanks to M. Heidegger, language ceased to appear as an object and began to be considered in its connection with the very existence of man. M. Heidegger spoke of language as a “house of being”, namely of being , and not nothing, which, on the contrary, was associated with lack of language.Thus, the issue of appearing the linguistic turn in philosophy, its necessity for philosophy, linguistics, and other sciences is still relevant and urgent . The purpose of the article. The purpose of the article is to analyse the role of the linguistic turn for philosophy, linguistics and other sciences at the end of the 20 th century – the beginning of the 21 st century. The purpose stated determines the objectives of the paper: 1) to identify the determining factors of the linguistic turn; 2) to analyse the literary original sources of the famous philosophers and linguists devoted to the problem of language here and now, to the situational conditionality of language. Scientific novelty. In the study it is made an attempt to prove that if practically all sciences are amenable to some thematization, this can be done only on the basis of understanding language as a semantic field formed by a multitude of centrifugal forces that comprise in their totality what is commonly called the “linguistic turn” as a conceptual transformation of philosophical paradigmatics. The “linguistic turn” itself is comparable in the significance of its claims and the results obtained, perhaps only with the Cartesian turn of the New Age in its philosophical application or the Copernican turn in science, that is why there is no need explicate its significance for the scientific world of the end of the 20 th century – the beginning of the 21 st century. It is substantiated in the study that the “linguistic turn” is the bifurcation centre of an established system of existing paradigmatic directions. Such an intellectual explosion results in an uncontrolled chain reaction with a train of divergent consequences, which takes place in our analysis: philosophy, linguistics, philology, history, political, economic and social sciences have been assimilating and developing the latest achievements obtained as a result of the linguistic revolution – the “linguistic turn”.

Crime and Security Issues in Cyberspace

“The most important and urgent problems of the technology of today are no longer the satisfactions of the primary needs or of archetypal wishes, but the reparation of the evils and damages by the technology of yesterday.” The present situation with regard to cyberspace and the development of the Internet and low-cost wireless communication is similar to Thalidomide; a wonder drug, gone bad. As rightly termed as one of the greatest innovation, the computer and the internet, are undoubtedly the first amendment brought to life. But this amendment could not control itself within the limits of safe hands, just like an uncontrolled chain reaction, knowing no restriction. The Internet is the first thing that humanity has built that humanity doesn't understand, the largest experiment in anarchy that we have ever had. Life is about a mix of good and evil. So is the Internet. For all the good it does us, cyberspace has its dark sides too. Unlike conventional communities though, there are no policemen patrolling the information superhighway, leaving it open to everything from Trojan horses and viruses to cyber stalking, trademark counterfeiting and cyber terrorism. With the growth of computer technology, the definition of crime is all together changed. A simple click of mouse has given so much power to an anonymous index finger that it can rob millions, crumble a company and even threaten a country’s defence. The evolution of technology has impacted the nature of conflict and war. Amongst the recent aspects of involving in conflict is “no contact war” wherein there is no “physical” or “kinetic” action across borders. There is one important nuance in the treatment of cyberspace as a fifth potential theatre of war along with land, sea, air and space. Born out of the merger of two opposite ends of application of human intelligence cyber (the crest of human intelligence) and crime (the trough of human intelligence) cybercrime is giving sleepless nights to the human race.The threats are endless and presently our laws are toothless.

Simulation of the nuclear fuel assembly drop test with LS-Dyna

Transportation of the nuclear fuel containing objects is especially sensitive to accidental drops, as any event, affecting the fuel spacial arrangement, alters also neutron multiplication factor and can result in uncontrolled chain reaction. The latter is particularly important for nuclear fuel being immersed in water. Apart from that, fall can result in a mechanical damage of the fuel rods, which can cause environmental pollution by radionuclides.Final and intermediate fuel configurations during the accident depend on the impact velocity and the angle between falling object and the surface. Experiments cannot cover all the possible variants of drops, as it would result in their unacceptable prices. Therefore elaboration of the approaches to numerically simulate such kind of accidents is an essential step in the nuclear fuel transportation safety analysis and is the principal goal of the present research.Series of drop tests with fuel assemblies (FA) models of different complexity have been performed and numerically simulated with LS-Dyna software in order to proof the reliability of such kind of analysis. The paper contains description of the drop test experimental facility, some experimental results and their numerical simulation. It has been found that the finite element model of the FA and the material properties used for the simulation provide reliable predictions of the FA materials deformation and failure in case of accidental drops onto a rigid surface.

311 – Termination of pregnancy and mental health

Abortion may result in traumatized psyche as a complication. Trauma on a woman's thoughts, feelings, dreams, fantasies, intentions, and relations changing her attitude to life as such, to her nearest, also to the values and eventually to herself. The consequences occurring as uncontrolled chain reaction affect her family life, career and communication; they break her as personality and lead towards destruction. There is always a risk of suicide. In psychiatry, termination of pregnancy is very important as it can be a reason of developing psychopathology. The identified psychopathological symptoms meet the diagnostic criteria of post-traumatic stress disorder which are considered a post-abortion syndrome. Psychopathology is distinguished by its personal, spiritually painful and stigmatized character. In the course of more than thirty years of clinical practice I have met, and medical documentation describes, about five hundred cases of post-abortion syndrome in Lithuania. The problem of termination of pregnancy exposes the tragic situation of family relations and discloses the destructive effects of the lack of love and warmth between nearest and dearest people, the poverty of sexual life, a woman's slavish behavior and dependence on a man.The topic has been highly syigmatized in Lithuania. Case presentation has been discussed.

On the mechanism of chlorination by chloroperoxidase

Spectral-scan results obtained on the millisecond time scale are reported for reactions of chloroperoxidase with peracetic acid and chloride ion in both the presence and the absence of monochlorodimedone. A multimixing experiment is performed in which stoichiometric amounts of chloroperoxidase and peracetic acid are premixed for 0.7 s before the resultant compound I is reacted with chloride ion. The combined results show that the only detectable enzyme intermediate species is compound I (except in very late stages of the reaction), that the disappearance of compound I is accelerated by the presence of chloride ion, and that it is further accelerated if both chloride and monochlorodimedone are present. It is concluded that compound I is an obligate intermediate species in the reaction. Experiments are performed on the reaction of monochlorodimedone with hypochlorous acid in both the presence and the absence of added chloride ion, but in the absence of chloroperoxidase. The presence of chloride ion greatly accelerates the reaction rate apparently by setting off a chlorine chain reaction. This reaction would be important in the enzyme-catalyzed reaction if hypochlorous acid were liberated into the solution. A careful analysis of steady-state kinetic results shows that in the chlorination of monochlorodimedone at least, liberation of free hypochlorous acid is not important in the enzyme-catalyzed pathway. Rather the reaction proceeds from compound I to formation of iron(III)-OCl by chloride ion addition to the ferryl oxygen atom. This obligate intermediate species then chlorinates the substrate. It is well described as enzyme-activated hypochlorous acid, in which replacement of the proton in HOCl by the heme iron ion produces a Cl + species of great potency. Thus the enzyme controls chlorination of monochlorodimedone rather than unleashing an uncontrolled chain reaction in which it would be rapidly destroyed.