Uncontrollable Manner Research Articles

Visual memories of living loved ones during life-threatening incidents

ABSTRACT During real or presumed life-threatening incidents and/or near-death circumstances, some people experience a visual life relations reminder (VLRR), which consists primarily of imagery portraying and focused on living loved ones that visually appear in an uncontrollable and/or rapid manner. This phenomenon differs from the more recognised life review that also sometimes occurs under similar conditions, which is instead a visual memory revival of past self-inclusive events or activities. This exploratory paper is the first to specifically discuss VLRRs and provides relevant insight from a reflexive thematic analysis of 57 VLRRs, generating some important qualitative themes based on meaningful patterns identified in narrative data. Relevant data excerpts to support the generated themes are provided and then those themes are discussed in more detail. This paper closes with a hypothesis that the VLRR is a purposeful and beneficial psychological phenomenon with an effect that often boosts the experient’s will to live and survive by reminding them of important relationships in their current life.

Biomineralization and mineralization using microfluidics: A comparison study

Biomineralization through microbial process has attracted great attention in the field of geotechnical engineering due to its ability to bind granular materials, clog pores, and seal fractures. Although minerals formed by biomineralization are generally the same as that by mineralization, their mechanical behaviors show a significant discrepancy. This study aims to figure out the differences between biomineralization and mineralization processes by visualizing and tracking the formation of minerals using microfluidics. Both biomineralization and mineralization processes occurred in the Y-shaped sand-containing microchip that mimics the underground sand layers. Images from different areas in the reaction microchannel of microchips were captured to directly compare the distribution of minerals. Crystal size and numbers from different reaction times were measured to quantify the differences between biomineralization and mineralization processes in terms of crystal kinetics. Results showed that the crystals were precipitated in a faster and more uncontrollable manner in the mineralization process than that in the biomineralization process, given that those two processes presented similar precipitation stages. In addition, a more heterogeneous distribution of crystals was observed during the biomineralization process. The precipitation behaviors were further explained by the classical nucleation crystal growth theory. The present microfluidic tests could advance the understanding of biomineralization and provide new insight into the optimization of biocementation technology.

Role of Phytochemicals in Cancer Chemoprevention: Insights

Cancer is a condition where the body cells multiply in an uncontrollable manner. Chemoprevention of cancer is a broad term that describes the involvement of external agents to slow down or suppress cancer growth. Synthetic and natural compounds are found useful in cancer chemoprevention. The occurrence of global cancer type varies, depending on many factors such as environmental, lifestyle, genetic etc. Cancer is often preventable in developed countries with advanced treatment modalities, whereas it is a painful death sentence in developing and low-income countries due to the lack of modern therapies and awareness. One best practice to identify cancer control measures is to study the origin and risk factors associated with common types. Based on these factors and the health status of patients, stage, and severity of cancer, type of treatment is decided. Even though there are well-established therapies, cancer still stands as one of the major causes of death and a public health burden globally. Research shows that most cancers can be prevented, treated, or the incidence can be delayed. Phytochemicals from various medicinal plants were reported to reduce various risk factors associated with different types of cancer through their chemopreventive role. This review highlights the role of bioactive compounds or natural products from plants in the chemoprevention of cancer. There are many plant based dietary factors involved in the chemoprevention process. The review discusses the process of carcinogenesis and chemoprevention using plants and phytocompounds, with special reference to five major chemopreventive phytocompounds. The article also summarizes the important chemopreventive mechanisms and signaling molecules involved in the process. Since the role of antioxidants in chemoprevention is inevitable, an insight into plant-based antioxidant compounds that fight against this dreadful disease at various stages of carcinogenesis and disease progression is discussed. This will fill the research gap in search of chemopreventive natural compounds and encourage scientists in clinical trials of anticancer agents from plants.

In silico molecular docking of marchantins and tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 6 for apoptosis agonist activity

One of the peculiar properties of cancer cells is low incidence of apoptosis which leads the cells to divide in an uncontrollable manner. The present study aimed to predict the anticancer and apoptosis agonist activity of several marchantins active compounds present in Marchantia polymorpha retrieved from a database. In silico molecular docking was performed between marchantins and apoptosis induction receptor, tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 6 (TNFRSF6). Additionally, screening on prediction of activity spectra for substances (PASS) was performed to predict apoptosis agonist activity of marchantins. A total of 11 marchnatins were docked with TNFRSF6. All marchantins showed docking score more negative than native ligand, and marchantin F was found to be the most effective with docking score of -64.8342. The results indicated the potency of marchantins to act as anticancer agents via induction of apoptosis by binding to TNF receptor. Thus, investigations focusing on isolation of these bioactive compounds might be useful to explore marchantins as novel drug candidates for cancer treatment.

Postsynthetic incorporation of catalytically inert Al into Co3O4 for peroxymonosulfate activation and insight into the boosted catalytic performance

Herein, we reported postsynthetic incorporation of generally believed catalytically inert Al3+ ion into the lattice of commercial Co3O4 to form a series of Al doped Co3O4 (ACO) catalysts, and demonstrated that the Al incorporation with suitable concentration could induce a surprising boost in activation of peroxymonosulfate (PMS). Unlike conventional direct synthesis that might lead to the formation of bimetallic spinel oxides in an uncontrollable manner, the presented method could produce ACO catalysts with almost unchanged particle size and morphology, which was beneficial for a reliable assess on the composition-dependent catalytic performance to avoid possible misjudgment caused by other factors. More importantly, the Al incorporation could not only promote the adsorption affinity and electron transfer ability of Co to PMS but also facilitate the OO bond cleavage of the adsorbed PMS, thereby leading to an enhanced catalytic ability. As a result, the optimal ACO (Co2.98Al0.02O4) exhibited a high degradation efficiency with a rate constant (0.127 min−1) 2.6-folds that of pure Co3O4 (0.049 min−1) in PMS activation for degradation of metronidazole (MNZ). Besides, Co2.98Al0.02O4 manifested low cobalt leaching (≤79 μg L–1). Both degradation pathway and catalytic mechanism were proposed comprehensively, and the superb reusability of Co2.98Al0.02O4 was also confirmed. This study enriches the current synthesis methodology for bimetallic spinel oxides and provides new insights into inert metal-promoted heterogeneous cobalt-based catalysis for robust advanced oxidation processes.

Evolving insight of adverse drug reaction associated with breast cancer drugs

Cancer begins when genes mutate and cause cell proliferation in an uncontrollable manner. Breast cancer develops in females in the lobules and ducts of breast cells. As per the American Institute of Cancer Research, Breast cancer is diagnosed as the second leading cause of death in women if not noticed at the early stages of treatment. In recent decades, the widespread awareness and improvements in the screening and treatment of breast cancer have lowered the mortality rate of breast cancer by 40%. However, drugs for breast cancer therapy do carry adverse effects. Worldwide efforts are ongoing to detect and to neutralize these adverse effects. That is why it is inevitable to bring it to the notice of physicians through adverse drug reaction monitoring of anticancer drugs. This paper explores some of the variables causing these ADRs in the individual case reports that has been assembled via different renowned journal databases such as Google Scholar, Science Direct, Cochrane Library & PubMed. Accustomized breast cancer medications such as5-fluorouracil, cisplatin, sunitinib, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, & topotecanare being used in the treatment of breast cancer. A specific approach to monitor the ADR is necessary to deal with them. This review addresses the complexity of the ADRs that can subsequently be used by the clinicians who are serving in the tertiary health care system.

Construction of Molecular Sensing and Logic Systems Based on Site-Occupying Effect-Modulated MOF-DNA Interaction.

Interactions between metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and nucleic acids are of great importance in molecular assembly. However, current MOF-nucleic acid interactions lack diversity and are normally realized in an uncontrollable manner. Herein, the interaction of zirconium-based MOFs (Zr-MOFs) with nucleic acids is enabled by the formation of Zr-O-P bonds and further manipulated by a phosphate-induced site-occupying effect. Covering Zr ions in clusters of MOFs with phosphates impedes the formation of Zr-O-P bonds with nucleic acids, rendering the MOF-nucleic acid interaction tunable and stimulus-responsive. Notably, the experimental results demonstrate that various phosphates, Zr-MOFs, and nucleic acids can all be adopted in the tunable interaction. On the basis of these findings, fluorescent DNA and typical Zr-MOFs are proposed as functional probe-quencher pairs to establish molecular sensing and logic systems. Accordingly, alkaline phosphatase and inorganic pyrophosphatase can be quantified simultaneously, and the overall relation of different phosphates and phosphatases is facilely displayed. The work provides a general strategy for modulating MOF-nucleic acid interactions, which is conducive to the development of molecular intelligent systems.

Production and properties of Co-based metallic-glass-reinforced aluminum matrix composites

Cobalt (Co)-based metallic-glass-particulate-reinforced aluminum (Al) matrix composites were prepared by microwave sintering under air atmosphere conditions at a proper temperature that avoids crystallization of reinforcing particles. Composite powders containing 5–20 vol.% metallic-glass reinforcements were prepared by using a high-speed vibrating ball mill, and green compacts were sintered through the microwave-heating method at 500°C for 30 min. Microstructural features were investigated by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Furthermore, the mechanical properties of the samples were evaluated through compression tests and Vickers hardness measurements. Sintering studies showed that the metallic-glass particles interacted with the microwaves during the microwave-heating process over a certain temperature (>500°C) apart from the susceptor heating element and caused excessive heating, which led to overheating of the composite sample in an uncontrollable manner. Therefore, the sintering temperature of the samples was selected to be 500°C. Investigations of the microstructure of the samples with well-distributed reinforcements revealed that there was no brittle intermetallic phase formation between the reinforcement and matrix interfaces. The results showed that the composite samples milled for 2 h exhibited significantly higher compressive strength and hardness values compared with pure aluminum.

Factors Responsible for Rapid Diminishing of Endangered Grass Plant Elymus farctus subsp. boreoatlanticus in Phytocoenoses on Dunes Coast of Baltic Sea

Sand couch-grass Elymus farctus (Viv.) Runemark ex Melderis subsp. boreoatlanticus (Simonet & Guin.) Melderis is a species of psammophytic perennial grass which grows on low embryo dunes, less frequently on white dunes, on a sandy substrate which is rich in chlorides, with a neutral or alkaline pH. The occurrence of E. farctus subsp. boreoatlanticus was confirmed on the Polish Baltic coast only in six stands out of 20 quoted in the 19th century and at the beginning of the 20th century, and the species is classified as critically endangered (CR). One of the largest populations of that species is situated on the Wolin Island (the Baltic Sea, west coast of Poland). The population of this species was monitored between 2015-2017 in the habitat of initial white coastal dunes (Nature 2000 site, code 2110), where the sand couch-grass is a characteristic species of Honckenyo-Agropyretum juncei R.Tx. 1955 plant association. The results of the conducted research show that the main reason for the rapid decline of the population of Elymus farctus subsp. boreoatlanticus on the western coast of Poland is recreational use of beaches, which is growing in an uncontrollable manner and puts pressure on this habitat, followed by complete destruction of psammophilous and halophilous vegetation. In addition, impact from marine abrasion inhibits the development of white coastal dunes where E. farctus subsp. boreoatlanticus occurs, and intensive aeolian sand accumulation hinder the regenerative ability of shoots and significantly limit vegetative reproduction.

Doubting radiocarbon dating from in-slag charcoal

A Roman-Period bloomery smelting site had been excavated in the Lahn valley at Wetzlar-Dalheim in central Germany during 2006–2012. The production unit consisted of a big rectangular workshop pit with 13 slag pit-furnaces, two waste dumps and a small sunken hut. The stratigraphical sequence, along with abundant pottery and small finds, allows the dating of short-lived smelting activity to a time slot around the third quarter of the first century AD. As a first series of radiocarbon measurements from in-slag charcoal samples resulted in a bewildering date range from the Iron Age right back into the Neolithic, a second dating series has been undertaken. This time exclusively charcoal samples taken from the bottom of the furnace pits have been analysed. The resulting dates fit to the archaeologically derived dating. It is clear that the 14C content of the in-slag charcoal samples must have been altered already during the process in antiquity. With none of the analysed dates younger than the archaeologically fixed date of the bloomery production unit, it is obvious that a contamination with fossil carbon must have taken place. The wide and inconsistent date range suggests that fossil carbon has entered the metallurgical system within the furnace in an uncontrollable manner. The observed phenomenon has wide implications for other metallurgical sites with high temperature processes under strongly reducing conditions. Charcoal samples from such sites, especially from inside slags, might be contaminated to an unpredictable degree and produce seemingly older dates. A first review of previously published data series calls for a reconsideration of the reliability of radiocarbon dates from metallurgical slags.

GÜNEŞ ENERJİSİ KULLANAN SİSTEMLER İÇİN YENİ BİR ENERJİ TAHMİN ALGORİTMASI

Renewable energy sources can provide the energy requirements of resource-constrained systems due to their inherent continuous availability. Solar power is a good example of the most effective ambient energy source. In literature, it exhibits an uncontrollable but predictable manner which makes the prediction of future energy availability a critical issue. This study presents a new approach to estimate the amount of energy that will available in future, depending on the past energy generation pattern. This approach also considers the fluctuations in energy generation in the current day. It is inspired by a well-known algorithm, namely Exponential Weighted Moving-Average (EWMA). The performance of the proposed scheme has been tested on various real-world scenarios in comparison to EWMA. The simulation results show that our algorithm provide more accurate estimation of future energy availability than EWMA.

Metaplasticity within the spinal cord: Evidence brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and alterations in GABA function (ionic plasticity) modulate pain and the capacity to learn.

Evidence is reviewed that behavioral training and neural injury can engage metaplastic processes that regulate adaptive potential. This issue is explored within a model system that examines how training affects the capacity to learn within the lower (lumbosacral) spinal cord. Response-contingent (controllable) stimulation applied caudal to a spinal transection induces a behavioral modification indicative of learning. This behavioral change is not observed in animals that receive stimulation in an uncontrollable manner. Exposure to uncontrollable stimulation also engages a process that disables spinal learning for 24-48 h. Controllable stimulation has the opposite effect; it engages a process that enables learning and prevents/reverses the learning deficit induced by uncontrollable stimulation. These observations suggest that a learning episode can impact the capacity to learn in future situations, providing an example of behavioral metaplasticity. The protective/restorative effect of controllable stimulation has been linked to an up-regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). The disruption of learning has been linked to the sensitization of pain (nociceptive) circuits, which is enabled by a reduction in GABA-dependent inhibition. After spinal cord injury (SCI), the co-transporter (KCC2) that regulates the outward flow of Cl- is down-regulated. This causes the intracellular concentration of Cl- to increase, reducing (and potentially reversing) the inward flow of Cl- through the GABA-A receptor. The shift in GABA function (ionic plasticity) increases neural excitability caudal to injury and sets the stage for nociceptive sensitization. The injury-induced shift in KCC2 is related to the loss of descending serotonergic (5HT) fibers that regulate plasticity within the spinal cord dorsal horn through the 5HT-1A receptor. Evidence is presented that these alterations in spinal plasticity impact pain in a brain-dependent task (place conditioning). The findings suggest that ionic plasticity can affect learning potential, shifting a neural circuit from dampened/hard-wired to excitable/plastic.

Psychometric Qualities of Turkish Version of Perseverative Thinking Questionnaire (PTQ)

Repetitive negative thinking (RNT) is an umbrella term that refers to an individual’s tendency to have negative thoughts in an uncontrollable and repetitive manner regardless of their content and temporal focus. RNT is suggested to be a transdiagnostic factor that may be associated with vulnerability for many different psychological disorders. The aim of the present study is to examine the psychometric qualities of Perseverative Thinking Questionnaire (PTQ), which is a scale that assesses non-disorder-specific form of RNT. The data was gathered from 446 Turkish individuals between the ages of 18 and 58 years through a web based data collection method. In addition to PTQ, the participants also completed questionnaires that measure worry, rumination, anxiety, depression, and thought suppression. Two models were tested, and CFA revealed a better fit for the 3-factor model. Results indicated that the scale has satisfactory levels of internal consistency, split-half reliability, and test–retest reliability. Further, correlation analyses showed moderate correlations with measures of worry, rumination, anxiety, and depression; which is indicative of satisfactory levels of both convergent and concurrent validity. In sum, Turkish version of PTQ is a psychometrically sound measure that researchers can utilize in research focusing on transdiagnostic processes.

Design and test of a six-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) electrostatic spraying system for crop protection

In recent years, multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) crop protection operations have experienced tremendous growth. Compared with manual operations, they have advantages such as high operational efficiency, small pesticide dosage, and low pesticide hazards for humans. However, the tiny droplets produced during UAV spraying for crop protection are affected by the rotor air flow and will drift in all directions in an uncontrollable manner, severely affecting the pesticide deposition pattern and resulting in pesticide waste. To improve pesticide use efficiency during multi-rotor UAV spraying, an electrostatic spray system was designed based on electrostatic spray technology and a six-rotor UAV. The proper operation parameters for the UAV electrostatic spray were determined by test, which were spray altitude of 50 cm above the crop, spray pressure of 0.3 MPa and charging voltage of 9 kV. Field test was performed based on these parameters. The results showed that compared with non-electrostatic spray, the electrostatic spray improved by 13.6% in the average deposition density above the sampling device and 32.6% in the middle. The research can provide a reference for designing multi-rotor UAV electrostatic spray devices. Keywords: unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), multi-rotor, electrostatic spraying, pesticide use efficiency, plant protection DOI: 10.25165/j.ijabe.20171006.3460 Citation: Zhang Y L, Lian Q, Zhang W. Design and test of a six-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) electrostatic spraying system for crop protection. Int J Agric & Biol Eng, 2017; 10(6): 68–76.

Functional Diversity of Fungal Communities in Soil Contaminated with Diesel Oil.

The widespread use and consumption of crude oil draws the public’s attention to the fate of petroleum hydrocarbons in the environment, as they can permeate the soil environment in an uncontrollable manner. Contamination of soils with petroleum products, including diesel oil (DO), can cause changes in the microbiological soil properties. The effect of diesel oil on the functional diversity of fungi was tested in a model experiment during 270 days. Fungi were isolated from soil and identified. The functional diversity of fungal communities was also determined. Fungi were identified with the MALDI-TOF method, while the functional diversity was determined using FF-plates made by Biolog®, with 95 carbon sources. Moreover, the diesel oil degradation dynamics was assessed. The research showed that soil contaminated with diesel oil is characterized by a higher activity of oxireductases and a higher number of fungi than soil not exposed to the pressure of this product. The DO pollution has an adverse effect on the diversity of fungal community. This is proved by significantly lower values of the Average Well-Color Development, substrates Richness (R) and Shannon–Weaver (H) indices at day 270 after contamination. The consequences of DO affecting soil not submitted to remediation are persistent. After 270 days, only 64% of four-ringed, 28% of five-ringed, 21% of 2–3-ringed and 16% of six-ringed PAHs underwent degradation. The lasting effect of DO on communities of fungi led to a decrease in their functional diversity. The assessment of the response of fungi to DO pollution made on the basis of the development of colonies on Petri dishes [Colony Development (CD) and Eco-physiological Diversity (EP) indices] is consistent with the analysis based on the FF MicroPlate system by Biolog®. Thus, a combination of the FF MicroPlate system by Biolog® with the simultaneous calculation of CD and EP indices alongside the concurrent determination of the content of PAHs and activity of oxireductases provides an opportunity to achieve relatively complete characterization of the consequences of a long-term impact of diesel oil on soil fungi.

The Plausibility of Universal Health Care in the United States

Though the United States is one of the wealthiest nations in the world, the disparities in income are only surpassed by the inequalities in access to health care. Because of the close tie between the health care crisis and the fiscal health of the country as a whole, proposals have been made to introduce universal health care, to adapt existing systems and to support efforts, including what has been deemed “ObamaCare” to move towards greater accountability in obtaining and maintaining health insurance for the millions of uninsured and underinsured. Though most countries in the developed world perceive health care as a basic human right, the United States has yet to determine a way of creating and funding a single-payer universal health care system that will address the inequalities that exist and provide a better option for preventative medicine, interventive medicine, and long-term care.One of the central problems for this country is that our political process is divided ideologically and health care paradigms do not appear to address issues on both sides. While there is support for a national health program that would ensure access to the working poor, fiscal conservatives view this as a system that cannot be afforded and that would expand debt in an uncontrollable manner. In fact, there is a clear division between the patriarchal perspectives of the democrats and the growing Tea Party call for personal responsibility.The following study considers the issue of health care in this country, including the current level of expenditure, the lack of access, comparable international efforts, and even state proposed changes that have shown some success in the implementation of universal health care. This study will focus on the way in which innovation and governance have struggled to determine workable paradigms for health care reform. The focus on a single-payer or universal health care system has not led to successful legislative change, and so elements of both arguments will be considered when addressing the best methods for improving access to care and affordability. A proposed plan will be introduced that will consider the best options for improving the following: 1. Affordability; 2. Access to care; 3. Long-term viability; 4. State and federal cooperation; 5. Distribution of funding or services. The proposed plan will address these issues and present some plausible approaches.

Automatic Vehicle Over speed Controlling System using Microcontroller Unit and ARCAD

The main purpose of this paper is to develop a system that avoid accidents because of vehicles with high speed. Also, authorizes the pedestrians and public to cross the highway road with no risk from vehicles which are moving with high speed. Generally, drivers of the vehicles with high speed drives in an uncontrollable manner even in speed limited areas without taking into consideration about the public. Even traffic policemen could not able to control them and attain good response from the high speed vehicle drivers. Also, we cannot monitor them to limit their speed at all times in those areas. So, here we develop a system which controls the speed of the vehicles in those locations without involving the drivers. Here, we employ RF communication method in controlling the speed of the vehicles. Finally, we connect RF receiver to the vehicle and locations are connected with the transmitter. Also, the transmitters are coded to send the transmitted signals continuously with a small delay between the adjacent signals. So, if a high speed vehicle is entering the location then their receivers will automatically senses the received code. Thereafter, the speed of the vehicle is limited dynamically by employing an embedded system inside them.

Pharmacological options for managing type 2 diabetes

Diabetes, a chronic progressive life-long metabolic disorder, is characterised by hyperglycaemia, which is due mainly to absolute (type 1 diabetes) or relative (type 2 diabetes) insulin deficiency. The disease is fast-emerging as one of the world's biggest health catastrophes. In the UK, as elsewhere in the world, the prevalence of this long-term disorder is escalating in an uncontrollable manner. A more concerted, strategic and multi-sectorial policy approach, underpinned by solid research, is essential to improving human behaviour and lifestyle to reverse the negative trends in the global incidence of this condition. The management of this condition is becoming a significant health-care challenge to health professionals. Various pharmacological options, such as oral hypoglycaemic agents and subcutaneous insulin, are now available for glycaemic control. Health professionals should always give serious consideration to structured education to help people with diabetes to adhere to their regimen. In turn, this education will improve people's quality of life by minimising and/or slowing the development of diabetes-related complications.

Performance of GPSR and AOMDV in WSNs with Uncontrolled Mobility

Emergence and evolution of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) opened the door for the development of many applications. Mobile Wireless Sensors Networks (MWSNs) is a subclass of WSNs in which some or all sensors are mobile. Although such mobility has benefits for extending network coverage, the existence of nodes mobility imposes challenges in the data delivery process as connectivity changes dynamically. This issue is exacerbated when nodes move in uncontrollable manner, e.g. mounted on helmets of factory workers or on vehicles. Existing WSNs routing protocols are mainly designed to support static or semi-dynamic scenarios. Due to the similarity between MWSNs and Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANETs), existing MANET routing protocols can be used for this purpose. In this paper, we use ns2 to evaluate the performance of two MANET routing protocols, GPSR and AOMDV, in the field of MWSNs with a location-based sensing application assuming the nodes move in an uncontrollable manner. We use metrics such as packet delivery ratio, routing overhead, hop count, and energy consumption to test protocols performance. We also use a utility function to estimate the performance of the application. We find that the geographic-based routing, GPSR, works better than AOMDV due to its lower routing protocol overhead.

Increased antibody productivity in Chinese Hamster Ovary cells through induction of chromosomal instability by cell fusion

Background Chromosomal instability, which often occurs as a random event in an uncontrollable manner, is a key characteristic of Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells. This often complicates the process of establishing stable, high antibody-producing CHO cell lines. We previously found that the abnormal increase of chromosome number is linked to increased antibody production in adherent CHO DG44 cells. In this study, we analyzed the relationship between chromosomal variety and antibody production in CHO K1-derived IgG1-producing cells by inducing cell fusion to artificially generate chromosomal variation within CHO DG44 cells.