Issue Of Unconscious Research Articles

Examining the Tale of Keloğlan and Giant Mother Using Psychoanalytic Method: Transition from the Preoedipal Stage to the Oedipal Stage

Psychoanalytic literary theory is one of the frequently used analytical approaches. The theory tries to understand the unconscious motivations and desires of characters in literary works, as well as subjects in real life. This theory, founded by Sigmund Freud and developed by his followers, suggests that the words, behaviors and actions in a literary text can be interpreted through a psychoanalytic lens in order to reveal the repressed desires and anxieties of the characters and the author alike. In the psychoanalytic approach, the oral stage, one of the psychosexual stages, is the period when strong bonds between the mother and the child are at the forefront, and competition with the father has not yet emerged. This period can also be called the pre-oedipal period. At this stage, as sexual differences begin to be perceived, the child turns towards the opposite-sex parent. This phase, which includes the phallic period, is referred to as the oedipal period. During this period, the father, whom the child perceives as positive or negative, is also included in the child's life. Fairy tales have been passed down through generations and have survived until today, both orally and in writing. The effects of situations such as fear and violence that can be found in fairy tale on children and how the child perceives and assimilates this content have attracted the attention of psychoanalytic literary theorists. It is assumed that the language of fairy tale can be effective in solving some unconscious issues of the child in the pre- and post-oedipal periods. In this text; In terms of psychoanalytic theory, the tale of Keloğlan and the Giant's Mother, which is thought to include the issues of the child's pre-oedipal period, has been tried to be interpreted in the light of 'psychoanalytic literary theory'.

Psychanalyse et médecine : ce que l’écoute de l’inconscient permet. L’exemple de la résistance thérapeutique dans la fibromyalgie

ContextThis article is based on S. Hertzog's doctoral research. It focuses on therapeutic resistance in fibromyalgia, i.e. the lack of pain relief despite a medical treatment. We explore causes and effects of this, through the prism of medical knowledge, but also through the psychoanalytical prism, which can shed light on both the doctor–patient relationship and on the unconscious stakes anchored in the history of the subject. AimsThis article aims to illuminate the ways in which psychoanalysis allows for a singular reading of the dominant discourse in the healthcare system, given the neoliberal context promoting productivity and quantifiable efficiency. Furthermore, the identification and analysis of the unconscious issues emerging in medical care allow us to understand what is at stake in such a context for the patient, who is likewise caught up in the issues of her/his history. MethodOn the basis of research interviews and content analyses of patients’ discourse, we have explored the different aspects outlined above. In this article we will expose a clinical case. ResultOur results are based initially on the study and effects of the neoliberal discourse. We have observed that the patient is asked to be autonomous in their choices and responsible for their behavior, while the healthcare system disarms the subject from the symbolic, structuring laws of the Other (heteronomy). The second part of our results allows us to focus on the question of the subject, specifically in relationship to illness and to the doctor, but also her/his demand for subjective appreciation, which is deeply rooted in a conflictual past, specifically in terms of identity. Interpretation/conclusionOur interpretation underlines how the individual deals with the social discourse that impacts the subject of the unconscious. In this sense, the psychoanalytical approach enriches our understanding of the effects of social and medical discourses, linked to the unconscious “stage”.

Conceptualizing the Carrying Function of Community Advisory Boards

Community Advisory Boards (CABs) often, “carry” important ideas and concepts for the larger organization of which they are a part. The word “carry” in this context, means that a person or group expresses verbal and nonverbal messages that inform others of what the institution acknowledges, and also what it cannot bear to feel or talk about. These expressions may include attitudes and expectations, values, risks, or disowned features and qualities. A group can contain, “carry,” and express formal, informal, and unconscious issues for a department or system. In this article, we situate our theoretical underpinning of this carrying function by relying on a number of literatures: identified patient, splitting and projection, parallel process, and container and contained. Specifying and examining the dynamics of what CABs carry for an institution can prevent common pitfalls for these groups, such as mistrust, feelings of disrespect, lack of productivity, and thwarted expectations.

A AUTOMUTILAÇÃO NA ADOLESCENCIA NA VISÃO DA PSICANÁLISE

This work aims to adolescence self-mutilating has become a relevant topic. Psychoanalysis contributes significantly to studies about adolescents, studying behavior mechanisms in teens and pointing out solutions to the problem. In this way, since psychoanalysis emerged, this topic has been studied, and has been deepen studied nowadays. Therefore, this article proposes a study about the possible illnesses or unconscious mechanisms, which may be behind adolescents self-harm behaviors, and that can point out warning signs. This work presents adolescence and its transformations and makes a relationship between self-mutilation and hysteria, social contexts such as media, affective relationships and experienced traumas. It al so presents psychoanalytic interpretations on the subject. It is worth mentioning that psychoanalysis, in addition to investigating unconscious issues, also proposes an effective treatment by techniques created since the creation of this approach, improving itself with new contributions and presents how the various psychoanalytic authors contribute to the theme in question.

An analysis of unconscious gender bias in academic texts by means of a decision algorithm.

Inclusive language focuses on using the vocabulary to avoid exclusion or discrimination, specially referred to gender. The task of finding gender bias in written documents must be performed manually, and it is a time-consuming process. Consequently, studying the usage of non-inclusive language on a document, and the impact of different document properties (such as author gender, date of presentation, etc.) on how many non-inclusive instances are found, is quite difficult or even impossible for big datasets. This research analyzes the gender bias in academic texts by analyzing a study corpus of more than 12,000 million words obtained from more than one hundred thousand doctoral theses from Spanish universities. For this purpose, an automated algorithm was developed to evaluate the different characteristics of the document and look for interactions between age, year of publication, gender or the field of knowledge in which the doctoral thesis is framed. The algorithm identified information patterns using a CNN (convolutional neural network) by the creation of a vector representation of the sentences. The results showed evidence that there was a greater bias as the age of the authors increased, who were more likely to use non-inclusive terms; it was concluded that there is a greater awareness of inclusiveness in women than in men, and also that this awareness grows as the candidate is younger. The results showed evidence that the age of the authors increased discrimination, with men being more likely to use non-inclusive terms (up to an index of 23.12), showing that there is a greater awareness of inclusiveness in women than in men in all age ranges (with an average of 14.99), and also that this awareness grows as the candidate is younger (falling down to 13.07). In terms of field of knowledge, the humanities are the most biased (20.97), discarding the subgroup of Linguistics, which has the least bias at all levels (9.90), and the field of science and engineering, which also have the least influence (13.46). Those results support the assumption that the bias in academic texts (doctoral theses) is due to unconscious issues: otherwise, it would not depend on the field, age, gender, and would occur in any field in the same proportion. The innovation provided by this research lies mainly in the ability to detect, within a textual document in Spanish, whether the use of language can be considered non-inclusive, based on a CNN that has been trained in the context of the doctoral thesis. A significant number of documents have been used, using all accessible doctoral theses from Spanish universities of the last 40 years; this dataset is only manageable by data mining systems, so that the training allows identifying the terms within the context effectively and compiling them in a novel dictionary of non-inclusive terms.

ВИКОРИСТАННЯ МЕТАФОРИЧНИХ АСОЦІАТИВНИХ КАРТ ДЛЯ ОПРАЦЮВАННЯ СТОСУНКІВ ВЛАСНОСТІ

The paper deals with the understanding of property relations, a sense of ownership, and the need for property. Ownership relations are presented as a wide range of interactions with or around property, which is based on three interrelated elements: the owner, the target of ownership, and others (potential owners or those who must recognize the legitimacy of psychological possession). Ownership relations, as well as a very sense of ownership, on the one hand is often unconscious, background, and on the other - an ambiguous attitude on the part of society, which encourages people to hide their feelings about a target of ownership. Therefore, to work with such queries, it is best to use, especially in the initial stages, projective methods, including metaphorical associative cards. The aim of the article is to substantiate the practical techniques and means of the psychologists’ work with property relations, attitude towards property and feeling a sense of ownership with metaphorical associative cards as a tool for diagnosing and correcting client behavior and feelings about property relations. Methods. To achieve the goal of the study, the methods of analysis, synthesis and comparison are used to understand the general algorithm of work with the topic of psychological ownership and in general the principles and techniques of working with MAC, as well as the descriptive method. The main demands that can be caused by ownership relations are jealousy, envy, pathological accumulation, waste, excessive frugality, greed, feelings of loss of property, inability to own, irresponsibility, and so on. The possibility of using metaphorical associative cards as a projective method for diagnostic and correctional-therapeutic work of a psychologist with property relations is substantiated. The advantages of metaphorical associative cards for working with such type of queries are shown. The basic algorithms of request processing are described, as well as the techniques "Relationship with the target of ownership", "Ownership and parental guidelines" are presented. It has been shown that projective methods are an effective tool in the work of a psychologist and psychotherapist with such often unconscious issues as ownership and the desire for possession.

Prepared for a journey into wounded communities – and into the self

Abstract Community development workers inevitably engage with communal wounding, inflicted over generations by systemic oppression and deprivation. By ignoring this complexity and focussing on surface-level activities, we can unconsciously inflict new wounds. Or, we can consciously engage with the wounds and facilitate healing. The latter implies a complex process, because a journey into the heart of community implies that the workers look into the mirror of their own lived experiences and thereby becomes a journey into the self. Careful preparation of the workers is thus critical. The complexity of in-depth work with communities receives limited recognition in the literature; with the result that there is gap in research on the deliberate and systematic preparation of workers for such work. The aim of the article is to identify critical aspects of such preparation. A family support programme in South Africa was used as case study. The article suggests the healing journey of the workers (‘start-with-self’) as the basis of the approach. Increased self-knowledge is used to guide content and facilitation and protect workers from projecting unconscious issues onto participants’ processes, conflating the different journeys and compounding the fear-to-risk. The benefits of reflection/mirroring, metaphors, integrating the insider/outsider roles and ‘healing questions’ are discussed. The mentor plays a critical role. The article concludes that communal wounds cannot be allowed to fester; instead it is possible and critical to prepare workers to engage with integrity with intergenerational wounding, thereby limiting the unconscious inflicting of new wounds to the community and the worker.

The Child-Centered EMDR Approach: A Case Study Investigating a Young Girl’s Treatment for Sexual Abuse

This article seeks to address the underrepresented area of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) treatment for sexually abused children. It presents the child-centered EMDR approach–a new protocol derived from Klaff (2016). This approach is built on Shapiro’s Adaptive Information Processing model and assumes that a successful outcome can be achieved without directly processing memories of the abuse since children have the ability to open channels of association to uncover, process, and resolve emotional trauma relating to the abuse. Instead of focusing on traumatic memories, the treatment targets whatever current concerns the child presents, as it is thought that these concerns may provide a pathway to covert and possibly unconscious issues. This approach is tested with a case study, which explores its use with a 9-year-old girl who presented with emotional triggers originating from sexual abuse by her biological father. She received six sessions addressing memories of being taunted by other children and of her father using drugs, but her memories of the sexual abuse were not directly addressed. Following treatment, her scores on the Child Report of Post-Traumatic Symptoms (CROPS) and Parent Report of Post-Traumatic Symptoms (PROPS) decreased to nonclinical levels, with results maintained 2 months later at follow-up. The promising results suggest the value of future research to further test this approach.

Les violences dans le couple au risque d’en mourir : paroles de femmes

ObjectivesDespite the several devices to protect women victims of domestic violence, the recurrence of violence from one generation to the following one, and the enigmatic noticing that some women maintain the link with their violent partners led us to study the psychic factors and dynamics at work in their relationship. Materials and methodologyClinical research was conducted with 26 women victims of domestic violence. The women interviewed had all been separated from their partners for some months. Most of them were fragile both from the point of view of their social integration and of their mental state. We were able to request interviews with them through the associations that support them, and we guaranteed them their anonymity. We conducted an analysis of the content and of the form of their answers to identify unconscious issues at work in their conjugal and family history. ResultsWe can find in the history of these women an active process in the transgenerational transmission of violence: if the individual and family history includes the internalization of cultural elements of gender identities and relationships between genders and generations, continued violence and recurrence of violence would have to be understood as an attempt to stage again and/or to elaborate childhood experiences. ConclusionsThe study highlights the need to think the treatment of domestic violence through two main methods of remediation: at the societal level through education in gender equality, and at the individual level, through a psychotherapeutic support for women, including in their link with their children, that would allow them to solve their childhood history; the impulsive force of which can defy death.

Whose Disgust Is It Anyway?: Projection and Projective Identification in the Couple Relationship

In this commentary on Josephs’s paper on Oedipal disgust, I emphasize that disgust is best viewed as a symptom of an interpersonal dynamic that may reflect a range of underlying unconscious issues beyond threats to attachment. Disgust, like all affective experience, doesn’t only arise in response to interpersonal experience; it is also created interpersonally through projection and projective identification. In my view, disgust signals a breakdown, a failure in the couple’s capacity to engage in the communicative processes essential to all intimate relationships for negotiating the fragile balances between separation and merger, love and hate, creativity and destruction.

Psychodynamic Music Therapy

This paper introduces and explores the basic principles of psychodynamic approaches in music therapy. Music is used as a means to explore both conscious and unconscious issues as well as the internal world of the individuals involved in music therapy. However, the focus of therapy is on therapeutic relationship, especially the dynamics of transference and counter-transference between the client and the music therapist. Musical experiences, such as music listening, songs, and improvisation, can be used to facilitate the therapeutic processes, and to achieve individualized therapeutic goals. When clinically appropriate, verbal processing might play as crucial a role as the musical processing. Practitioners of psychodynamic approaches often strive to gain meaning and in-depth understandings from therapeutic experiences, and the approach is therefore suitable for individuals who are ready to work through their personal issues within a therapeutic relationship. Various approaches and techniques have been developed in psychotherapy as well as in music therapy. Perhaps the only commonality in these approaches is that psychodynamic thinking informs the direction of the therapy and therapeutic processes. Clinical vignettes will be introduced within the article to highlight a triadic dynamic—the client, the music therapist, and the music—in order to illustrate the core aspects of psychodynamic music therapy.

Obésité masculine et incestualité

ObjectiveThis article proposes to shed light on the understanding of obesity in a familial perspective. Indeed, even if it is an individual symptom, the subject concerned is integrated into numerous groups and particularly into his primary membership group, namely his family. The clinical case-study of an obese teenager provides better understanding of the unconscious issues arising on the intergenerational familial scene. MethodWe propose an analysis of a symbiotic link woven between a mother and her son that is caused by a trauma experienced by the mother, and locked into an unconscious pact and the familial narcissistic contract. It is by using two projective family mediation tools, namely the drawing of the genealogical tree, or projective “genography”, and the drawing of the subject's dream house, or projective “spatiography”, that we were able to decipher the unconscious image of the family body in its synchronic and diachronic dimensions, and its evolution in the course of a process of therapeutic care. ResultsWe noted a familial functioning built on ties of an isomorphic type, demonstrating unconscious alliances and leaving no room for one member, in this case the teenager, to individualize, thus risking endangering the group. We therefore understood this functioning to be an adaptive answer to the lack of psychic elaboration in relation to the trauma. DiscussionFor want of symbolization, the bodily sphere, like a semaphore, then takes center stage to signal familial suffering that is unspeakable because it is unrepresentable. ConclusionThis article can thus contribute to our understanding of the challenges of global therapeutic care that is at once individual and familial, so as to consolidate results in terms of weight loss.

Humming Along

Ferrara (1994) estimates that 19–35% of the utterances by psychotherapists in session are variations of mm-hmm. However, there has been little discussion of this phenomenon in the literature. According to linguistics theory, mmhmm constitutes a backchannel response to a speaker that affirms his or her right to continue to hold the floor. In psychotherapy, mm-hmm reaffirms the patient's right to an extended conversational turn and the therapist's role as listener. Because mm-hmm is unobtrusive and ambiguous, however, unconscious issues in the therapeutic relationship can be communicated through its variations. Psychotherapists should understand the function of mm-hmm in maintaining the structure of the therapeutic relationship and be aware that it can be easily enlisted in the service of unconscious communications.

Three Pregnancies and Psychoanalysis: A Thin Line between Fusion and Separateness

In the period when I was considering how and when to tell my patients I was pregnant, Jo, 35, entered the room and told me she was pregnant. Two weeks later Nina, a 29-year-old patient, told me she was pregnant. I was not surprised, as I had known for some time that both were trying to conceive for the first time in synchrony with us. I stress “us” because the moment the therapist conceives, her spouse, their bedroom, and the fetus growing in her womb all “invade” the therapeutic space. Albeit unwittingly, the impregnated therapist inserts external reality—a reality involving self-disclosure—into the room. This paper discusses the situation in which both therapist and patient are pregnant simultaneously. Pregnancy forces the emergence of unconscious issues in both the pregnant woman and in the people surrounding her, and in the therapeutic space the fantastic and actual worlds of the two pregnant women— therapist and patient—meet. I describe us—three women during their first pregnancy in the analytic setting—and discuss this unique dynamic, the fantasies, the transference, the countertransference, and the traps it may set for the therapeutic relationship. 1 Though working within a relational framework, I discuss the first case primarily from a self psychology perspective. The second case will be viewed through a Kleinian lens. For both patients discussed, the discovery of the “joint” pregnancy awakened a primal fantasy of preoedipal fusion. This fantasy was made up of the yearning to be accompanied harmoniously and wordlessly, yearning for the empathic, soothing containment by the therapist, alongside the primary symbiotic merging of pa

Homoparentalité : quels changements dans la famille ?

Which deep changes in family structure does homoparentality reveal? The author suggests to answer this question through the distinction between family relationships structure and parenthood and backs up his thesis on clinical data synthesis. The psychodynamic speech analysis of lesbian couples with children give evidence to the permanent unconscious issues involved in the process of becoming parent. Therefore, parenthood changes do not necessarily imply changes in family relationships structure.

The experience of undergoing psychoanalytic training as an openly gay candidate-a personal note

ABSTRACT The author reports on the experience of training as an openly gay psychoanalytic candidate at the Columbia Center for Psychoanalytic Training and Research after the American Psychoanalytic Association changed its policies on admitting gay and lesbian candidates. In addition to his positive experiences, the author describes some of the difficulties he encountered which were specifically related to his being an openly gay man. He tells of going through the various components of training: application, screening, training analysis, classes, and supervision. The obstacles the author faced were certainly fewer than those of his gay and lesbian predecessors. However, the unconscious issues still existing within the analytic community that make the experience of training for openly gay candidates, in particular the group responses and regressive phenomena that derive from internalized homophobia, are still present and active, and remain to be understood and analyzed.

Women’s depression: nursing theory and practice

This theoretical paper argues that a range of social factors are relevant to the genesis of depression in women. These include stressors which particularly pertain to gender, and include poverty, limited practical and social supports and resources, violence against women and childhood sexual assault. After explicating an interpersonal model for the etiology of depression, the paper outlines approaches that nurses can draw on to take sex-based factors into account when assessing and working with women experiencing depression. Nursing strategies which emphasise hope, use group approaches and deal with emotions and unconscious issues are deemed to be especially important.

Money: personal issues affect professional practice.

Money is a taboo subject. Clinicians have much ambivalence about money, both personally and professionally, and are often more comfortable discussing clients' issues around money than examining their own. As a result, how clinicians handle money with clients is often determined by the clinicians' personal feelings about money; however, they do not explore the meaning and origin of these feelings or determine how these feelings affect their practices. This article explores the conscious and unconscious issues surrounding money, case examples of therapists' dilemmas in handling money, and implications for practice.

The Neurobiology of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is characterized by recurrent intrusive thoughts and repetitive ritualistic actions. Although symptoms have long been considered symbolic expressions of unconscious issues, recent neuroscientific research has increasingly strengthened a conceptualization of OCD as a neuropsychiatric disorder. Thus, significant advances have been made in understanding both the neurochemical and the neuroanatomical underpinnings of OCD. Ongoing research of particular interest includes investigation of the neuroethology, neuroimmunology, and genetics of OCD. From a clinical perspective, research on OCD has resulted in increased recognition and more effective treatment of the condition, and has shed light on a range of other disorders with overlapping phenomenology. Of even broader interest, the study of OCD allows new insights on general questions in the study of brain-mind interrelationships. NEUROSCIENTIST 2:300-305, 1996

Literature: A vehicle for emotional connection between clinician and client

Nurses have used literature in a variety of ways to increase understanding of the problems and dilemmas of their patients. Literature can be used in psychotherapy when a patient either selects a literary work to discuss or writes his or her own work. Incorporation of literature into psychotherapy offers opportunities for discussion that yield important information about the patients as he or she explores conscious and unconscious issues.