Unconditional Multiple Logistic Regression Research Articles

Prevalence of ADHD and factors for parent's participation in the care of children with ADHD, Yasothon, Thailand.

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a mental health disorder commonly observed in children. Parents' participation in the care (PPC) of children with ADHD (C-ADHD) is especially important to promote support care and treatment. We estimated the prevalence of C-ADHD and identified the factors for the PPC of C-ADHD. A cross-sectional analytic study was conducted on parents and grade-one students in five primary schools, Muang district, Yasothon, Thailand. The study was conducted from March to June 2022. Data were collected using the screening test of SNAP-IV Thai version and by interviewing child psychiatrists and parents. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the demographic data and prevalence of C-ADHD. Unconditional multiple logistic regression was used to identify predictive statistical model for the PPC of C-ADHD. Four hundred sixty-four students were screened by SNAP-IV, of which 30 students were confirmed as ADHD (6.5% [95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.4-9.1]), with 9.1% boys and 3.6% girls. Four factors associated with the PPC of C-ADHD significantly including male (ORadj: 2.5, 95% CI: 1.4-4.4), single divorce status (ORadj: 2.1, 95% CI: 1.1-4.2), income more than 15,000 baht (ORadj: 3.1, 95% CI: 1.8-5.1), and attitude level during middle-high (ORadj: 8.4, 95% CI: 5.0-14.2). Predictive factors of four variables can be used to implement the policy to improve the healthcare system, prevention, and PPC of C-ADHD.

High prevalence of past hepatitis B virus infection in diffuse large B cell lymphoma: a retrospective study from Italy

Studies from high endemic areas, mostly China, indicate that surface antigen positive (HBsAgpos) chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is associated with an increased risk of developing diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), whereas studies in low endemic areas have provided conflicting results. Past infection, serologically defined by negative HBsAg and positive anti-core antibody (HBsAgnegHBcAbpos), has also been suggested to increase the risk of B-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) in high endemic areas. We retrospectively reviewed unselected clinical records of 253 patients with DLBCL (54% male, aged 60.3 ± 14.6 years at diagnosis) and 694 patients with different types of indolent B-cell NHL (46% male, aged 61.7 ± 12.8 years). Patients were seen at a single center in Italy between 2001 and 2022 and HBV serological status (HBsAg, HBsAb, HBcAb, HBeAg, HBeAb, and HBV DNA) was analyzed through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and molecular assays; patients infected with hepatitis C virus or human immunodeficiency virus were excluded. We used an unconditional multiple logistic regression model including as matching variables gender, age at diagnosis, immigrant status, and HBV serological status. Patients with DLBCL had, compared to indolent NHL, a higher prevalence of HBsAgpos active infection (odds ratio (OR) 2.8, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.2–6.3, p = 0.014). Strikingly, patients with DLBCL had also a significantly higher prevalence of past infection (OR 2.4, 95% CI 1.5–4.0, p = 0.0006). Male gender was associated with increased risk of DLBCL independently of the HBV serological status. These findings suggest that both past and active HBV infection may increase the risk of DLBCL in a low endemic area. Our study needs confirmation by studies in areas or populations with different rates of chronic or past HBV infection.

Diet quality and associated factors in Brazilian undergraduates during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Diet quality is associated with psychobiological, psychological, biological, and physiological factors of individuals, and in the context of prolonged stress, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, it can lead to a worsening of the quality of food for undergraduates. This study aimed to analyze diet quality and associated factors in Brazilian undergraduates. Data were collected from 4,799 undergraduate students from all Brazilian regions, from August 2020 to February 2021. The online questionnaire contained socioeconomic variables, the ESQUADA scale to assess diet quality, self-referred changes in weight, the Brazilian food insecurity scale (EBIA), sleep assessment and the perceived stress scale. Unconditional multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to study variables associated with poor and very poor diet quality. Most of participants presented a good diet quality (51.7%), while 9.8% had a poor or very poor diet quality and only 1.1% had an excellent diet quality. 58.2% of undergraduates reported to have an increase in weight during the pandemic and 74.3% of the students presented elevated stress during the pandemic. Logistic regressions showed students who gained weight during the pandemic presented the highest AOR = 1.56 (95% CI = 1.12-2.20) for poor or very poor diet quality. The elevated perceived stress was also associated with a higher AOR = 2.85 (95% CI = 1.71-4.74) for poor or very poor diet quality. Most of the studied undergraduates presented a good diet quality. Nevertheless, poor/very poor diet quality was associated with higher perceived stress and weight gain. Our study indicated that policies should beaimed at the socioeconomically most vulnerable undergraduates, those in a situation of food and nutritional insecurity, high perceived stress, and who gained weight during the pandemic.

Should I give kids money? The role of pocket money on at-risk behaviors in Italian adolescents.

Discussion on the impact of pocket money on positive behaviors is still debated. To investigate the effect of diverse money allowance schemes on risky behaviors (smoking, alcohol, binge drinking, drug use, gambling) during adolescence. 989 students aged 15 from Lombardy (Italy) reported information on money availability in the 2018 wave of the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study. To analyze the relationship between money availability and risky behaviors we computed odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals through unconditional multiple logistic regression models. Spending more than 10€ weekly was associated with higher likelihood to smoke, binge drink or gamble. Receiving pocket money (rather than receiving money upon request) was related to higher likelihood to engage in risky behaviors. Pocket money may have a negative impact on adolescents, particularly with a substantial amount of money. More research is needed to understand why providing money only if needed may serve as a protective factor against risky behaviors.

The Role of Diet in Tinnitus Onset: A Hospital-Based Case-Control Study from Italy.

Knowledge on the role of diet in tinnitus onset is mostly based on few cross-sectional studies. In 2016-2019 we conducted a hospital-based case-control study in northern Italy on 185 incident idiopathic tinnitus cases and 198 controls, providing data on dietary habits through a 37-item food-frequency questionnaire. Odds ratios (OR) for tinnitus risk were derived through unconditional multiple logistic regression models. Moderate-to-high vs. low intake of caffeine (OR, 0.49; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.24-0.99) and butter (OR, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.23-0.93), and high vs. low intake of poultry (OR, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.23-0.81), prosciutto (OR, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.23-0.85), and legumes (OR, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.28-0.92) were inversely associated with tinnitus onset. Other food items, including cereals, red meat, fish, vegetables, and fruit did not show any statistically significant relationship. The variety of food consumed decreased the risk of tinnitus (OR for at least 20 vs. less than 16 different food items, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.24-0.90). Our findings highlight the importance of diet in tinnitus onset and confirm a potential inverse association of protein-rich food and caffeine on the incidence of tinnitus. Confirmation of our findings in longitudinal studies is necessary before proving any diet recommendations for tinnitus prevention.

Environmental health risk factors and cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL): A case-control study in northeastern Iran.

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is one of the main causes of vector-born diseases in younger population. To evaluate the association of environmental health factors on the odds of CL incidence, a case-control study was conducted in northeastern Iran. This study was conducted within 2020-2021 based on individual and household data from a tertiary referral center. Cases were patients diagnosed with CL by PCR method; controls were selected among the patients' relatives, and information was obtained from a health registry system. Demographic and socioeconomic data of 1871 subjects, included age, sex, household information and environmental health factors. Multivariable models with environmental factors in various conditions and CL were separately fit by univariate and mixed multiple unconditional logistic regression. Participants included 617 cases (mean [SD] age, 13.62[13.72] years; 58.20% male) and 1264 controls (mean [SD] age, 16.45[15.44] years; 50.40% male). Results revealed that the use of well-water sources compared to surface water is significantly associated with CL (odds ratio [OR]=0.204; 95%CI, 0.13-0.33;P<0.001). Muddy houses, ruined buildings or wastelands and stagnant water, canals and rivers near the houses were also associated with CL (OR=3.85; 95%CI, 1.66-8.89; P=.002; OR=2.47; 95%CI, 1.76-3.47; P<.001). Besides, existence of pine tree was found to be a risk factor (OR=3.25; 95%CI, 2.12-4.99; P<.001) and similarly for the use of waste collection system (OR=4.43; 95%CI, 3.32-7.51; P<.001). Environmental factors related to houses were significantly associated with CL and may represent the modifiable risk factors of CL disease.

Willingness to Receive a COVID-19 Vaccine in an Iranian Population: Assessment of Attitudes, Perceived Benefits, and Barriers.

Background: To significantly reduce the disease and mortality from the novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19), a safe and effective vaccine must be widely delivered to the community. However, the availability of a vaccine for COVID-19 does not ensure that individuals will want to be vaccinated. The present study investigated the attitudes, perceived barriers, and benefits of the COVID-19 vaccine, as well as vaccination intentions, among a sample of Iranian adults. Methods: Demographic data were categorized in this study based on whether or not participants received the vaccine. Drawn from a multistage sampling protocol in 2021, a descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 1350 adults in Saveh, Iran. A survey with 5 different sections inquired about eligible participants' sociodemographic information, their attitudes, perceived benefits, and barriers, as well as their intentions to get vaccinated for COVID-19. Multiple logistic regression analysis (enter method) was performed to assess factors related to vaccination intent. Results: The mean age of those who intended to receive the COVID-19 vaccine (57.9±19.2) was significantly higher than those who did not intend to receive the vaccine (43.4±16.8) ( p =0.00). Additionally, married individuals were significantly more likely to receive the vaccine than individuals who were single and/or widowed. Additionally, (n=663) substantially more homemakers and retirees received vaccinations than workers and self-employed individuals (n=481) ( p =0.001). Findings revealed that 78% of participants intended to receive the COVID-19 vaccine. Multiple unconditional logistic regression analyses showed that age and marital status, as well as the behavioral variables (attitude odds ratio [OR]=1.73, benefits OR=1.78, and perceived Barriers OR=0.52), had a significant relationship with vaccination intentions ( p =0.001). Conclusion: This study demonstrated that to increase intentions to receive the COVID-19 vaccine, public health campaigns and interventions should focus on promoting the benefits of the vaccine, improving the attitudes toward the vaccine, as well as reducing the perceived barriers.

Maternal and neonatal exposure to risk factors for neonates with moderate or severe hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundTo investigate the association between maternal and neonatal exposure to the relevant influencing factors and risk of moderate or severe hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), and the possible interactions in the Chinese population.MethodsA cross-sectional study comprising 228 neonates from Henan Children’s Hospital during the five-year period 2015–2020 in China was conducted. All neonatal basic demographic information and clinical records were documented from the neonatal HIE database. Comparisons between mild HIE and moderate or severe HIE were conducted with the t-test or Wilcoxon rank-sum test for continuous variables and the Chi-square test for categorical variables. Unconditional multiple logistic regression models were used to generate the odds ratios(ORs) and 95% confidence intervals(CIs). In addition, we also used an additive model to test for possible biological interactions among the factors.ResultsOf the 228 neonates, the males had a statistically significantly higher frequency compared with the females between the two groups (P = 0.030). Trend analysis results found that with the decreased of the neonatal birth weight, the detection rates of moderate or severe HIE in males and females were gradually increased (Ptrend < 0.05). The detection of moderate or severe HIE in males and females increased with the decreased of neonatal gestational age at birth(Ptrend < 0.05). However, no interaction was detected between neonatal birth weight and gestational age at birth based on the additive model, the Relative Excess Risk of Interaction and 95% CI was 0.821(-0.046,1.687). The adjusted multiple logistic regression model showed that low birth weight(ORadj:1.965, 95%CI:1.086–4.127),premature infant(ORadj:1.557, 95%CI:1.589–4.862),1-min Apgar’s score < 7(ORadj:5.618, 95%CI:3.724–7.353),intrauterine distress(ORadj:4.916, 95%CI:3.431–7.398),amniotic fluid contamination (ORadj:3.965, 95%CI:2.153–5.782) significantly increased the risk of neonatal moderate or severe HIE.ConclusionNeonates with low birth weight, premature infant,1-min Apgar’s score < 7, intrauterine distress, amniotic fluid contamination are risk factors for moderate or severe HIE. Notably, we found no biological interaction between risk factors based on the additive model, these findings may help to inform prevention strategies, as this may effectively reduce the incidence of neonatal moderate or severe HIE.

Association of dietary n - 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids with breast cancer risk: Serial mediating roles of erythrocyte n - 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids

Dietary n - 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) were found to be inversely associated with breast cancer risk; however, the underlying pathways between them remain uncertain. We aimed to explore serial mediatory roles of erythrocyte n - 3 PUFAs in association between dietary n - 3 PUFAs and breast cancer risk. Using a case-control study, 850 cases and 861 controls completed structured questionnaires with dietary information. Erythrocyte n - 3 PUFAs were measured by gas chromatography. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were obtained using multiple unconditional logistic regression models to examine association between dietary n - 3 PUFAs and breast cancer risk. Mediation analyses with bootstrapping were conducted to investigate indirect effects. Higher intake of dietary ALA, long-chain n - 3 PUFAs and total n - 3 PUFAs was associated with lower risk of breast cancer. The adjusted OR tertile 3 v.1 (95% CI) was 0.70 (0.55, 0.90) for ALA, 0.76 (0.60, 0.97) for long-chain n - 3 PUFAs and 0.74 (0.58, 0.94) for total n - 3 PUFAs, respectively. Mediation analysis showed that erythrocyte long-chain n - 3 PUFAs served as sequential mediators in the relationship between dietary long-chain or total n - 3 PUFAs and breast cancer risk. In particular, erythrocyte long-chain n - 3 PUFAs completely mediated the association between dietary long-chain n - 3 PUFAs and breast cancer risk [indirect effect (95% CI) = -0.982 (-1.529, -0.508)]. The relationship between dietary total n - 3 PUFAs and breast cancer risk was partly mediated by erythrocyte long-chain n - 3 PUFAs [indirect effect (95% CI) = -0.107 (-0.216, -0.014)], accounting for 19.31%. However, the serial mediation model in dietary ALA and risk of breast cancer was not statistically significant [indirect effect (95% CI) = -0.042 (-0.144, 0.049)]. This study highlights the complexity and inaccuracy in using a simple analysis of individual dietary n - 3 PUFAs to examine their associations with breast cancer risk without considering the variety of metabolic processes. Interventions aimed at increasing erythrocyte long-chain n - 3 PUFAs may represent a promising strategy for breast cancer prevention.

LNC-ZNF33B-2:1 gene rs579501 polymorphism is associated with organ dysfunction and death risk in pediatric sepsis.

Background: Sepsis is a severe systemic reaction disease induced by bacteria and virus invading the bloodstream and subsequently causing multiple systemic organ dysfunctions. For example, the kidney may stop producing urine, or the lungs may stop taking in oxygen. Recent studies have shown that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are related to the dysfunction of organs in sepsis. This study aims to screen and validate the sepsis-associated lncRNAs and their functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Result: Unconditional multiple logistic regression based on the recessive model (adjusted odds ratio = 2.026, 95% CI = 1.156-3.551, p = 0.0136) showed that patients with the CC genotype of rs579501 had increased risk of sepsis. Stratification analysis by age and gender indicated that patients with the rs579501 CC genotype had higher risk of sepsis among children aged <12months (adjusted odds ratio = 2.638, 95% CI = 1.167-5.960, p = 0.0197) and in male patients (adjusted odds ratio = 2.232, 95% CI = 1.127-4.421, p = 0.0213). We also found a significant relationship between rs579501 and severe sepsis risk (CC versus AA/AC: adjusted odds ratio = 2.466, 95% CI = 1.346-4.517, p = 0.0035). Stratification analysis for prognosis and number of organ dysfunctions demonstrated that the rs579501 CC genotype increased non-survivors' risk (adjusted odds ratio = 2.827, 95% CI = 1.159-6.898, p = 0.0224) and one to two organs with dysfunction risk (adjusted odds ratio = 2.253, 95% CI = 1.011-5.926, p = 0.0472). Conclusion: Our findings showed that the lnc-ZNF33B-2:1 rs579501 CC genotype increases the susceptibility to sepsis. From the medical perspective, the lnc-ZNF33B-2:1 rs579501 CC genotype could be serving as a biochemical marker for sepsis.

Association of dietary intake of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids with breast cancer risk in pre- and postmenopausal Chinese women.

This study aimed to evaluate the associations between breast cancer risk and intake of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and/or n-3 PUFA subclasses in Chinese women, and determine whether these associations varied with menopausal status or clinical characteristics. A hospital-based case-control study including 1,589 cases and 1,621 age-frequency-matched controls was conducted. Dietary data were assessed by a validated food frequency questionnaire. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals were obtained using multiple unconditional logistic regression models after controlling for potential confounders. Higher intake of marine n-3 PUFAs and total n-3 PUFAs was associated with lower risk of breast cancer, with adjusted OR quartile 4 v.1 (95% confidence intervals) of 0.68 (0.55-0.84) and 0.56 (0.42-0.75), respectively. Dietary a-linolenic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, docosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid were also inversely associated with breast cancer risk, with adjusted ORs (95% confidence intervals) of 0.51 (0.38-0.70), 0.68 (0.55-0.84), 0.68 (0.55-0.85), and 0.76 (0.61-0.94), respectively. In stratified analyses, these inverse associations between risk and dietary n-3 PUFAs were more evident among premenopausal women and women with ER+, PR+ and ER+PR+ tumors. A decreased risk of breast cancer was significantly associated with increasing n-3 PUFA intake in obese/overweight women, but not in women of normal weight. There was a significant interaction between linoleic acid and marine n-3 PUFAs. High intake of n-3 PUFAs and n-3 PUFA subtypes was associated with a lower risk of breast cancer, especially among premenopausal women and women with ER+ and/or PR+ subtype breast cancer.

Determinants of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in the Older Adult Population: Data from the LOST in Lombardia Study.

Most COVID-19 fatalities have occurred among older adults; however, evidence regarding the determinants of SARS-CoV-2 infection in this population is limited. Telephone interviews were conducted in November 2020 with a representative sample of 4400 Italians aged ≥65 years from the Lombardy region. We determined the prevalence of a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Through unconditional multiple logistic regression models, we estimated the odds ratios (ORs) of infection and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). We further evaluated whether infection was related to a reduction in mental wellbeing. Of the participants, 4.9% reported a previous infection. No significant relationship between sex and infection was observed. Prior infection was less frequently reported in subjects aged ≥70 (OR = 0.55; 95% CI: 0.41–0.74) compared to 65–69 years, with no trend after 70 years of age. Those with at least one chronic condition reported a lower infection rate compared to healthy subjects (OR = 0.68; 95% CI: 0.49–0.93). Participants who lived alone more frequently reported infection than those who cohabited (OR = 2.33; 95% CI: 1.29–4.20). Prior infection was related to increased depressive symptoms (OR = 1.57; 95% CI: 1.17–2.10). This representative study of people aged ≥65 years suggests that in Italy, the oldest subjects and chronic patients less frequently exposed themselves to SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Prevalence and Correlates of Overweight, Obesity and Physical Activity in Italian Children and Adolescents from Lombardy, Italy.

Investigating pediatric overweight and physical activity correlates is essential to design effective preventive programs. We used regional data (Lombardy, northern Italy) from the 2019 survey “OKKio alla Salute” (3093 children aged 8–9 years with measured anthropometric data), and from the 2018 wave of the “Health Behaviour in School-aged Children” survey (2916 adolescents aged 11–15 years with self-reported anthropometric data). In both the surveys, a cluster sampling methodology was used. Unconditional multiple logistic regression models were applied to estimate the odds ratios (OR) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) of overweight, obesity and poor physical activity. The prevalence of overweight (including obesity) was 22.4% for children aged 8–9 years and 14.4% for adolescents aged 11–15 years. A higher prevalence of overweight was observed among males, children with greater birth weight and those with obese parents. Scant physical activity was higher among females and older adolescents. There was a direct relationship between obesity and increased psychological distress (OR = 2.44; 95% CI: 1.12–5.27) or being victims of bullying (OR = 2.25; 95% CI: 1.17–4.34). Increasing physical activity significantly decreased the frequency of mental health outcomes. Prevention campaigns should be promoted to safeguard childhood physical and psychological wellbeing.

Associations between Preserved Foods and Breast Cancer Risk in Hong Kong Chinese Women.

The main finding of this case-control study, an association between cured meat intake and a higher risk of breast cancer in Hong Kong Chinese women, contributes to the growing evidence for population-level health benefits of reducing cured meat consumption.

Diet Quality Scores and Asthenoteratozoospermia Risk: Finding From a Hospital-Based Case-Control Study in China.

ObjectiveWe aimed to examine associations of diet quality scores, including the dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH), alternate Healthy Eating Index (AHEI), and Chinese Healthy Eating Index (CHEI) with asthenoteratozoospermia risk in China.MethodsAmong 254 cases and 633 controls in a hospital-based case–control study in Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China, DASH, AHEI, and CHEI were calculated using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Asthenotetrazoospermia was evaluated according to World Health Organization guidelines. Unconditional multiple logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between quality diet scores and asthenoteratozoospermia risk.ResultsWe found that the CHEI score was inversely associated with asthenoteratozoospermia risk, with ORs of 0.59 (95% CI 0.39, 0.88) and 0.59 (95% CI 0.39, 0.88) for the 2nd and 3rd tertiles vs. the 1st tertile, respectively (P trend < 0.05). In addition, our data indicated that each standard deviation increase in CHEI, AHEI-2010, and DASH score was associated with 19, 13, and 17% decreased risk of asthenoteratozoospermia, respectively.ConclusionOur findings suggest that higher adherence to the CHEI, AHEI-2010, and DASH diet quality scores may reduce the risk of asthenoteratozoospermia, especially for younger participants.

The Association Between Dairy Product Consumption and Asthenozoospermia Risk: A Hospital-Based Case-Control Study.

Background: Evidence of an association between dairy product and main related dairy nutrient intake, and the asthenozoospermia risk have been limited and controversial.Methods: A hospital-based case-control study including 549 men with asthenozoospermia and 581 normozoospermic controls was carried out in the infertility clinics of Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University between June, 2020 and December, 2020. Dietary intake was assessed with a validated food frequency questionnaire. According to the World Health Organization guidelines, semen parameters were collected through masturbation and were measured with WLJY9000 instrument and flow cytometry. The daily intake of dairy products and related nutrients was categorized into three groups according to control distribution, and the lowest tertile was used as the reference category. An unconditional multiple logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for asthenozoospermia risk.Results: After adjustment for potential confounders, we found no statistically significant associations between the intake of total dairy products and asthenozoospermia risk (ORT3vs.T1 = 1.19, 95%CI = 0.85–1.67). Additionally, we generated null findings regarding the main related nutrients from dairy, including protein (ORT3vs.T1 = 1.19, 95%CI = 0.85–1.68), fat (ORT3vs.T1 = 1.28, 95%CI = 0.91–1.80), calcium (ORT3vs.T1 = 1.20, 95%CI = 0.85–1.68), saturated fatty acids (ORT3vs.T1 = 1.30, 95%CI = 0.92–1.83), and phosphorous (ORT3vs.T1 = 1.18, 95%CI = 0.84–1.67), and the asthenozoospermia risk. Of note, after stratification by body mass index (BMI), and the saturated fatty acids consumption from dairy was significantly associated with a higher asthenozoospermia risk (ORT3vs.T1 = 1.76, 95%CI = 1.01–3.09) among participants with a BMI below 25 kg/m2.Conclusion: This study provided limited evidence of an association between the intake of total dairy products and the main related dairy nutrients including protein, fat, calcium, saturated fatty acids, and phosphorus, and the asthenozoospermia risk. Further studies are warranted to confirm our findings in the future.

The cascade of care of HIV after one year of follow-up in a cohort of HIV-positive adult patients in three health settings of Morrumbene in rural Mozambique.

Objective: To assess the state of the retention in care of HIV patients in three health settings in Morrumbene, a rural district of Inhambane Province, Mozambique. We evaluated potential factors associated with early loss to follow‐up (LTFU), retention in care and ART adherence during the first year of follow‐up. Material and methods: Retrospective, cross‐sectional, observational study. We collected data on patients diagnosed with HIV infection in 2017 in two permanent clinics and one mobile clinic. Demographic, clinical, immunological and therapeutic data were retrieved up to December 31st, 2018. Data on follow‐up were collected at 6 and 12 months for medical visits and for ART adherence and analysed for factors associated with LTFU, retention in care and adherence to ART by Stata Version 14 and univariate and stepwise multiple unconditional logistic regression models. Results: In 2017, 960 patients were diagnosed with HIV infection. At 6‐month follow‐up, 49% attended the medical visit and 157 (25%) adhered to ART. After one year, 34% of patients were available for follow‐up, and only 72 patients adhered to ART. In multivariate analysis, factors associated with early LTFU were male sex (p = 0.036) and immediate prescription of ART (p = 0.064). Older age (p < 0.001) and being followed in the mobile clinic (p = 0.001) favoured retention in care. Advanced WHO status (p = 0.005) and being pregnant or breastfeeding showed a negative correlation with adherence to treatment (p = 0.068). Conclusions: Only one‐third of patients were available for follow‐up after one year, and only 13% adhered to ART. Young individuals, men and pregnant/breastfeeding women seem to be particularly at risk for LTFU and non‐adherence to treatment.

Polymorphism of TUSC7 associated with gastric cancer susceptibility and binding with miR-133a-3p: a population-based case-control study.

Previous studies have demonstrated that gene polymorphism is associated with cancer susceptibility. Most of these genes are involved in neoplastic processes. Previous studies demonstrated that tumor-suppressor candidate 7 (TUSC7) was a tumor-suppressor gene in various tumors. This study aims to explore the association between lncRNA TUSC7 polymorphism and gastric cancer susceptibility and the potential function. The tagging SNPs of TUSC7 were genotyped with polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) in a Chinese Han population-based case-control study. The relative expression level of TUSC7 in plasma was conducted by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The gene-environment interaction was analyzed by multifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR). The dual luciferase reporter assay was used to examine whether SNP rs12494960 of TUSC7 allele variation affected the binding of lncRNA-TUSC7 and miRNAs miR-133a-3p. Three tagging SNPs (rs12494960, rs1518338, rs2867837) of TUSC7 were selected to validate in population. The unconditional multiple logistic regression showed that individuals with genotype AA (OR: 1.79, 95% CI: 1.16, 2.70) of rs12494960 and GG (OR: 2.24, 95% CI: 1.12, 4.46) of rs2867837 in TUSC7 had increased risk of GC susceptibility. The qRT-PCR showed that CA and AA genotype of rs12494960 in TUSC7 had significantly lower relative expression level in plasma, compared with CC genotype. The dual luciferase reporter assay showed that TUSC7 and miR-133a-3p had interaction. The mutant genotype of rs12494960 could increase the susceptibility of gastric cancer and might affect the corresponding mRNA expression of lncRNA TUSC7 in plasma.

Risk of colorectal cancer in patients with alcoholism: A nationwide, population-based nested case-control study

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is regarded as a multifactorial disease and shares many risk factors with alcoholism. However, the association between alcoholism and CRC remains controversial. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the association between alcoholism and risk of CRC. We performed a large-scale, population-based nested case-control study using the Longitudinal Health Insurance Database 2013, derived from Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database, and collected data from 2000 to 2013. There were 49,095 diagnosed cases of CRC defined according to the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification. Each case was matched with three controls by sex, age, index date of CRC, and annual medical visits; a total of 147,285 controls were identified. Multiple risk factors of CRC in alcoholism cases were investigated using unconditional multiple logistic regression analysis. Among 49,095 cases of CRC, alcoholism was associated with a significantly higher risk of CRC (adjusted odds ratio (OR), 1.631; 95% CI, 1.565-1.699) in multivariate logistic regression, after adjusting other CRC risk factors, and in stratified analysis with multivariate logistic regression. In addition, there was a time-dependent relationship between alcoholism duration and CRC risk in >1 year, > 2 years, >5 years, and > 11 years groups (adjusted ORs, 1.875, 2.050, 2.662 and 2.670; 95% CI, 1.788-1.967, 1.948-2.158, 2.498-2.835, and 2.511-2.989 respectively). An association between alcoholism and risk of CRC was found in this study. Furthermore, patients with longer alcoholism history showed higher likelihood of developing CRC, which indicates a time-dependent relationship between alcoholism exposure and CRC. Further research on colorectal tumorigenesis is needed.

Prevalence and Potential Risk Factors Associated with High Sodium : Intake among Chinese-Haw Tribal in the Rural Area of Chiang Rai Province, Northern Thailand

Background: Sodium intake has a known association with increasing hypertension, cause of death from Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs) worldwide. Ethnic group is increasingly exposed to risk factors to CVD causing of the urbanization and cultural changes. Methods: This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the prevalence and potential factors associated with high sodium intake in the Chinese-Haw tribe in Chiang Rai province. Stratified random sampling was used to recruit participants. Face-to-face interviews were used for demographic data and assessment of dietary sodium knowledge, self-efficacy and food consumption. For dietary sodium intake, first-morning urine were collected for identifying concentration of sodium in millimoles per litre (mmol/L) using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Unconditional multiple logistic regression was used for determining risk factors associated with high sodium intake. Results: There were 302 participants of which majority were women (71.9%), with average age of 49.50 years (±12.12 S.D.). The prevalence of sodium intake was 90.70% more than 2,000 mg/day (High). The association between potential risk factors and high sodium intake revealed that men had higher risk than women (Risk Ratio 1.13, 95%CI 1.07 - 1.19). Multivariate analysis revealed only gender can predict a high sodium intake after adjusted for smoking patterns and alcohol consumption (adjusted odds ratio 13.73, CI 1.43 - 131.95). Conclusion: Prevalence of excess sodium intake per day in the Chinese-Haw tribe was high. This might lead to unhealthy effects. The population at risk should receive appropriate intervention urgently.