Uncomplicated Cesarean Section Research Articles

Imaging and video of late preterm delivery by midline laparotomy due to incarcerated uterus: A case report and literature review of a rare but morbid condition.

Incarcerated gravid uterus (IGU) is a rare and serious obstetric complication. IGU is defined as the entrapment of the gravid uterus between the pubic symphysis and the sacral promontory. The incidence of IGU is 1 in 3000-10 000 cases. IGU is associated with significant obstetric complications, including preterm labor, intrauterine fetal death, growth restriction, renal failure, uterine ischemia/rupture and thrombosis. Here, we present the case of a primigravida with urinary retention at 14 weeks. On transabdominal ultrasound at 19+5/7 weeks the cervix was difficult to visualize, and the anterior uterine wall appeared thickened. The bladder was elongated superior to the uterus and the placenta was low-lying. Initially the patient was managed with intermittent self-catheterization, and subsequently indwelling catheterization was required from 22 weeks. At 30 weeks, the patient was transferred to a tertiary center and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was preformed due to challenging visualization of the cervix on ultrasound and the patient's continued symptoms of constipation and recurrent urinary infections. The MRI found a retroflexed gravid uterus, with vagina and endocervix displaced anteriorly and compressed by the gravid uterus. The findings were consistent with an incarcerated uterus. The patient subsequently had positive urinary cultures for Pseudomonas and rising creatinine. Given the obstructive uropathy and associated morbidity and mortality, a plan for elective pre-term delivery at 33+6/7 weeks was made. Delivery was by midline laparotomy, normal anatomy was restored after manual evacuation of the fundus from below the sacral promontory, and an uncomplicated lower segment transverse uterine cesarean section was performed.

A road map for the management of a pregnancy complicated by maternal bladder exstrophy

Bladder exstrophy (BE) is a congenital genito-urinary malformation where there is a defect in the abdominal wall resulting in a protruding open bladder with exposed mucosa (Resnik R.P. et al. Creasy and Resnik’s maternal-fetal medicine: principles and practice. Elsevier, 2019). Several reconstructive procedures are required to correct the anomalies, resulting in an ileal conduit which is an alternate urinary reservoir reconstructed from the terminal ileum (Madersbacher S, et al. J Urol 169(3):985–90, 2003). We describe the care of a pregnant woman with BE and outline the principles of management of her pregnancy with a multidisciplinary team. Timely pre-operative planning is advised to minimise intraoperative complications in the event of a caesarean section. The woman went on to have an uncomplicated classical caesarean section at term by midline laparotomy with a good outcome for both mother and baby.

Early versus Delayed Feeding in Uncomplicated Primary Caesarean Section - A Comparative Study at Shree Birendra Hospital

Early versus Delayed Feeding in Uncomplicated Primary Caesarean Section - A Comparative Study at Shree Birendra Hospital

Retroperitoneal Hematoma Following Cesarean Section: A Case Report

Background: In this case report, a retroperitoneal hematoma developed after an uncomplicated cesarean section. Case report: A 37-year-old patient with a term pregnancy was hospitalized for elective cesarean section with the diagnosis of repeated cesarean section. A live female baby of 3040 grams was delivered. There was no complication during surgery. The patient was transferred to the service postoperatively. Fainting sensation, tachycardia, tachypnea, and hypotension occurred in the first postoperative hour. In the CT scan, a 108x105 mm hematoma was observed in the right lateral retroperitoneal area of the uterus. When the hemoglobin value was 6.9 on the postoperative 1st day, 2 Units of erythrocyte suspension and 2 Units of fresh frozen plasma were given to the patient, The patient's vital signs remained stable for 4 days postoperatively. Conclusion: The retroperitoneal hematoma is a potentially life-threatening condition. Conservative or surgical treatment should be applied according to clinical findings.

Burkholderia cepacia Vertebral Osteomyelitis Following Cesarean Section: Case Report and Review of the Literature

The Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) initially emerged as an important opportunistic pathogen in patients with predisposing lung disease. Bcc infections outside the respiratory tract are less common, although their incidence has been increasing particularly in immunocompromised patients. We herein describe the case of a healthy young woman who started experiencing low back pain 2 weeks after an uncomplicated cesarean section. She was found to have vertebral osteomyelitis at T12-L1. CT guided biopsy was performed, and cultures grew Bcc. She was treated with 3 weeks of meropenem and 5 weeks of oral trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole with good response. No surgical intervention was warranted. We also performed a review of the literature on other existing reports. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of Bcc vertebral osteomyelitis in an immunocompetent patient following an obstetric procedure.

Improving blood product management in placenta accreta patients with severe bleeding: institutional experience

BackgroundPlacenta accrete spectrum (PAS) is a significant risk factor for postpartum hemorrhage and effective blood product management is critical in ensuring patient safety. In PAS patients undergoing cesarean section (CS) blood transfusion management guided by the combined clinical experience of the anesthesiologist and surgeon with point-of-care coagulation testing appears safe and effective. We describe and evaluate our experience and identify potential areas for improvement with blood product management in this patient population. MethodsA retrospective chart review of peri-operative demographic, anesthetic, and obstetric data was conducted for all patients with PAS undergoing CS between 2012 and 2018 at our center. To facilitate a practical evaluation of blood product management, we divided patients into two groups based on the severity of bleeding. ResultsA total of 221 parturients with PAS underwent CS, with 133 in group 1 requiring excessive amounts of transfusion and 88 in group 2 requiring management similar to other uncomplicated CS cases. There were no deaths or instances of disseminated intravascular coagulation, and intensive care unit admission occurred in five cases (2.2%). Patients in group 1 had higher mean nadir values of intra-operative hemoglobin and platelet count. We observed a high rate of missing data for peri-operative measurement of lactate and fibrinogen, PAS grade documentation, and temperature monitoring. ConclusionGiven no significant morbidity or mortality, clinical judgment in experienced centers appears safe for the management of PAS patients undergoing CS. The adoption of an institutional protocol and point-of-care coagulation testing could decrease over-transfusion and associated complications.

Acute Kidney Injury Following Caesarean Section: A Case Report

Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) is an infrequent pregnancy complication, often associated with Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Analgesics (NSAIDs) during the postpartum period. In this case study, a multiparous, 27-year-old woman presented to the Emergency department on day six after an uncomplicated Caesarean section with severe lower back pain. She was diagnosed with AKI and was admitted for management under a multidisciplinary team. Following appropriate treatment, she was discharged with complete recovery. Managing AKI postpartum requires meticulous and collaborative intervention to prevent potential long-term complications.

Pregnancy-associated aortopathy and sudden postpartum death

A 39-year-old woman who had undergone an uncomplicated elective cesarean section for a low-lying placenta collapsed and died the following day. At autopsy, there was dissection of an aneurysmally-dilated thoracic aorta with 400 mls of fluid and clotted blood in the pericardial sac. There were no features of Marfan syndrome or other connective tissue disorders. Histology revealed thinning of the aortic wall with fragmentation of elastic fibers and no inflammation. Vessels elsewhere were normal. This case demonstrates a rare complication of pregnancy that may not present until after delivery with unexpected collapse and sudden death. Predisposing factors include an increased cardiac output, reduction in systemic vascular resistance, an increase in left ventricular muscle mass, and alterations in serum progesterone and estrogen levels which may cause structural changes to the aortic wall. The possibility of syndromic and familial connective tissue disorders should also be considered.

A novel approach using vaginal natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery to repair a symptomatic uterine isthmocele

To describe the first case of using a vaginal natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery approach to repair a uterine isthmocele. Stepwise explanation of the surgical technique using original video footage. This study was exempted from requiring hospital Institutional Review Board approval. Hospital. A 30-year-old (gravida 2, para 2) patient presented with symptoms of intermenstrual bleeding and secondary subfertility following 2 uncomplicated cesarean section deliveries (elective for breech and repeat). The patient had a transvaginal ultrasound (US) demonstrating an isthmocele with a defect of 8.1 × 7.0 mm with a myometrial thickness of 2 mm over the defect and proceeded to undergo surgery because of persistent symptoms. An anterior vaginal incision is made on the cervix from the 3 o'clock to 9 o'clock position after local anesthetic and adrenaline infiltration of the tissue. The vaginal epithelium was carefully dissected cephalad, although an attempt was made to maintain the uterovesical space and fold. A small (7 cm) V-path gel port was inserted into this uterovesical space and the gel port was affixed with a port connected to an insufflation stabilization bag to minimize the pressure fluctuations within the confines of a small operative space and help maintain visualization throughout. Under endoscopic view, the site of the isthmocele was identified using an endoscopic US probe and confirmed on 2 dimensional imaging. A monopolar hook with an inbuilt aspirator and suction function was used to incise over the isthmocele with a grasper used to dissect into this space. A Hegar dilator was used to delineate the cervical canal. Once the isthmocele was excised, the defect was reinforced and obliterated with a barbed suture whereas the Hegar dilator was in place to prevent inadvertent canal occlusion during suturing. Continuous suturing took place from the cephalad to the caudal directions in 2 layers. Once hemostasis was confirmed, the gel port was removed, and the vaginal epithelium was closed with interrupted sutures using a braided absorbable suture. The perioperative course and care were uneventful with the Foley catheter being removed 3 hours after surgery. The patient was discharged within 24 hours. A follow-up organized 6 weeks after surgery demonstrated obliteration and repair of the previously detected uterine isthmocele on the pelvic US scan. The patient also reported a resolution of symptoms at this postoperative visit. N/A. N/A. Uterine-conserving surgical approaches to an isthmocele have been described, including vaginal, hysteroscopic, and laparoscopic (with and without robotic assistance) approches and laparotomy, with no single approach deemed to be superior to the others. The existing evidence is limited by the lack of uniformity in the definition and diagnosis of uterine isthmocele, consistency in indication for surgery, and small case numbers in published surgical series. Vaginal natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery provides a novel approach to this type of surgery, which may be potentially less invasive as the procedure is conducted outside the peritoneal cavity and combines the best vaginal approach to the surgical site with endoscopic magnification and capacity for microscopic dissection. This approach should be considered new and only in a clinically appropriate and carefully counseled patient.

ODP331 Management and Long Term Outcomes in a Patient with Pituitary Apoplexy in Pregnancy

Abstract Background Pituitary apoplexy is caused by hemorrhage or infarction of the pituitary gland. This diagnosis is rare in pregnancy, with little data to guide management in this population. Case A 30-year-old previously healthy pregnant female G4P3002 at 31 weeks gestation, presented with three days of severe headaches, dizziness, polyuria, polydipsia, and photophobia without vision loss. Her last pregnancy two years prior was uncomplicated. Pituitary MRI showed a 1.5 cm lesion with internal blood products, possibly indicating recent hemorrhage within an adenoma or cyst. The pituitary gland extended into the suprasellar cistern without compressing the optic chiasm. She was empirically started on stress dose steroids. Labs showed an ACTH of 32.9 pg/mL [9. 0-50. 0], cortisol 27.13 mcg/dL [3. 09-22.40], TSH 1.404 uIU/mL [0.550-4.780], with free T4 0.94 ng/dL [0.93-1.76] and total T4 of 11. 0 mcg/dL [4.5-10.9]. Glucocorticoids were continued given the inability to verify adrenal insufficiency after steroid initiation. Central hypothyroidism was diagnosed based on total T4 being less than 1.5 times the upper limit of the pre-pregnancy normal range, and she was started on levothyroxine. Prolactin was 93. 0 ng/mL [9.7-208.5] without hook effect on dilutional testing; this value was considered lower than expected for the third trimester. IGF-1 was normal at 296 ng/mL [117-329]. FSH was <0.3 mIU/mL [<0.3], LH <0.7 mIU/mL [<0.1-1.5], and estradiol >4000 pg/mL [reference range unavailable], all normal values for pregnancy. She had a normal serum sodium, however had polyuria at 266 mL/hour during a six hour water restriction test, with persistently dilute urine studies. Urine output and concentration improved after giving desmopressin. She was diagnosed with partial central diabetes insipidus and started on maintenance desmopressin. Per her obstetric team's recommendation, she underwent an uncomplicated Caesarean section at 38 weeks and was able to breastfeed shortly after delivery . Due to refractory headaches, 8 weeks after delivery she underwent transsphenoidal resection of an intrasellar cystic lesion with old blood products. No adenoma was identified. She was able to taper off hydrocortisone, desmopressin, and levothyroxine over one year after surgery. Follow up FSH, LH, estradiol, and prolactin levels normalized, and she resumed regular menses. Annual MRI's over five years have shown no evidence of lesion recurrence. Conclusion Studies have shown successful treatment of pituitary apoplexy with both surgical and non-surgical management, with surgery favored in patients with severe and/or progressive neuro-ophthalmologic deficits (1). However, there is a lack of data to guide treatment in pregnant patients. We present a case of pituitary apoplexy in pregnancy in which symptoms and hormonal function fully recovered after surgery, and imaging has been stable. Further research is needed to compare surgical and non-surgical treatment in this population, as well as the risk of tumor recurrence. (1) Marx et al. Endocrine, 2021. Presentation: No date and time listed

Parathyroid carcinoma during pregnancy: a novel pathogenic CDC73 mutation – a case report

BackgroundParathyroid carcinoma is an uncommon cause of PTH-dependent hypercalcemia. Only a handful of cases have been reported of parathyroid carcinoma during pregnancy.Case presentationTwenty-four – Year – old female presented with proximal myopathy was found to have hypercalcemia. Her serum corrected total calcium was – 15 mg/dl (8.5 – 10.3), serum phosphate – 2.3 mg/dl (2.5 – 4.5), intact PTH – 118 pg/ml (20 – 80), Vitamin D – 15 ng/ml and Urine Ca/Cr ratio – 2.1 (0.1 – 0.2). Her CECT–neck revealed a well-defined mass lesion posterior to the right lobe of the thyroid – 2.6 cm × 2.5 cm × 2.9 cm in size. She was started on vitamin D supplementation, and she underwent right lower focal parathyroidectomy. Her PTH levels normalized following surgery. Her histology revealed an atypical parathyroid adenoma. She was treated with calcium and vitamin D. Her follow up was uneventful.One year following initial surgery the patient became pregnant and at 16 weeks of POA, the patient presented with a rapidly enhancing neck mass for one week duration. Her biochemical investigations were suggestive of a recurrence of primary hyperparathyroidism. Her ultrasound scan of the neck revealed a well-defined discreate hypoechoic nodule, superior to the thyroid isthmus which was confirmed by a non-contrast MRI scan of the neck. She underwent an uncomplicated second trimester parathyroid tumour excision with normalization of post op PTH. Her histology revealed a parathyroid carcinoma with vascular and capsular invasion. Her genetic studies revealed a novel frameshift mutation of the CDC73 gene. She was treated with calcium and vitamin D supplementation and closely followed up with ionized calcium and PTH levels which were normal throughout the pregnancy. She had an uncomplicated caesarean section at a POA of 37 weeks. Currently she is twelve weeks post-partum, in remission of disease.ConclusionThis case shows the importance of stringent follow up of atypical parathyroid adenoma patients, the benefit of second trimester surgery in management of hypercalcemia due to parathyroid carcinoma during pregnancy and the importance of identifying the novel CDC73 gene mutation.

Reducing Routine Post-Operative Day 1 CBC Ordering for Low-risk Elective Cesarean Sections

Routine post-operative hemoglobin (Hb) measurement after uncomplicated, elective cesarean-section (CS) is a practice that varies between hospitals. There is no evidence to recommend routine CBC ordering after CS. At Sunnybrook, 98% of elective CS have routine post-operative day 1 (POD1) CBC, but only 10% will have anemia-related intervention (PO/IV iron or blood transfusion). We aim to reduce routine POD1 CBC ordering for elective, uncomplicated CS in low-risk patients from 98% to 50% in April 2021 and maintain a reduction in July 2021.

Is an epidural component during general anaesthesia for caesarean section beneficial for neonatal puppies' health and vitality?

Regional centro-axial block is a recommended technique for uncomplicated caesarean section in human medicine. Since the application of regional anaesthesia as the only technique in veterinary medicine is impractical, the objective of the study was to assess and compare the epidural component of caesarean section (CS) on maternal and fetal outcomes. Bitches (n = 36) undergoing elective CS were enrolled in this study. Females were randomly assigned into two groups: Gr I (Isoflurane, n = 20) and Gr IE (Isoflurane plus Epidural, n = 16). Anaesthesia was induced with propofol, and maintained with isoflurane in oxygen. In the IE group, epidural anaesthesia was also performed using lidocaine. The maternal intraoperative parameters were compared at three time points: T1 – just before the skin incision, T2 – after the last puppy removal, and T3 – at the end of surgery. At least 100 mcl of mixed umbilical cord blood was collected for gas analysis. The modified Apgar scoring system (AS) was used to objectively score newborn health and vitality immediately after birth (0 min), 5 and 20 min after birth. Systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressure were lower in the IE group at T1, T2, and T3 compared to I group (p < 0.05). In the combined anaesthesia group blood pressure remained stable but low at all time points. Throughout surgery, the IE group required a lower concentration of isoflurane (p < 0.05). The median values of the umbilical blood gas results were found to be similar (p > 0.05) in both investigated groups. The initial results of the Apgar score were comparable in the I and IE groups (p > 0.05). However, subsequent AS measurements revealed significant differences between both groups. Puppies from the IE group received better AS scores at 5 and 20 min compared to the I group (median AS 8 and 9 vs. 5 and 8, respectively).The results obtained demonstrated that epidural anaesthesia administration reduced the requirement for isoflurane in dams undergoing caesarean section and despite episodes of maternal hypotension did not affect the results of neonatal umbilical blood gas. Furthermore, newborns from the epidural anaesthesia group improved more quickly postnatally, developing a satisfactory condition in a shorter time.

Consanguineous Marriages and Dental Anomalies: A Cross-Sectional Analytical Study.

Objective To determine the correlation between consanguineous marriages and dental anomalies. Study Design. A cross-sectional analytical study. Materials and Methods This cross-sectional analytical multicentered study was carried out at Foundation University College of Dentistry after approval of the Ethical Research Committee (ERC) from September 2021 to November 2021 in Pakistan. All pediatric patients (4–10 years old) with dental malformations undergoing dental procedures or examinations and born with spontaneous vaginal delivery and uncomplicated cesarean section participated in the study. First, second, and third-degree relatives' marriages of parents were used to define consanguinity. The Basic Pay Scale was the reference of estimation of socioeconomic status. Participants with a history of orofacial trauma, pertinent parental history (infertility, hormonal treatment, or infectious diseases during pregnancy, conception with assisted reproductive techniques, prolonged complicated labor, premature deliveries, and twin births), and prolonged hospital admission immediately after birth were excluded from the study. Results The mean maternal and paternal age was recorded to be 23.86 ± 5.4 and 27.07 ± 9.6, respectively, whereas the mean age of participants was 6.60 ± 1.67. There were 297 children with congenital abnormalities, with 203 (68.4%) males and 94 (31.6%) females. The prevalence of consanguineous marriage was found to be in 210 (70.7%) participants. Congenital dental anomalies correlation was found to be significant with consanguineous marriages (p value <0.001). Consanguineous marriages were more frequent in the lower socioeconomic group when compared with the middle and upper socioeconomic groups, respectively (74.7% vs. 8.1% vs. 17.2%, p value 0.007). Conclusion Congenital dental anomalies were significantly prevalent in consanguineous marriages with greater incidence in lower socioeconomic groups. Consanguineous marriages have the propensity to transmute population conformation, but due to religious and social beliefs, literature is hesitant to ascribe congenital dental anomalies persuasive relevance with consanguinity.

Risk Factors for Urological Complications Associated with Caesarean Section-A Case-Control Study.

Background and Objectives: Acute urologic complications, including bladder and/or ureteric injury, are rare but known events occurring at the time of caesarean section (CS). Delayed or inadequate management is associated with increased morbidity and poor long-term outcomes. We conducted this study to identify the risk factors for urologic injuries at CS in order to inform obstetricians and patients of the risks and allow management planning to mitigate these risks. Materials and Methods: We reviewed all cases of urological injuries that occurred at CS surgeries in a tertiary university centre over a period of four years, from January 2016 to December 2019. To assess the risk factors of urologic injuries, a case-control study of women undergoing caesarean delivery was designed, matched 1:3 to randomly selected women who had an uncomplicated CS. Electronic medical records and operative reports were reviewed for socio-demographic and clinical information. Descriptive and univariate analyses were used to characterize the study population and identify the risk factors for urologic complications. Results: There were 36 patients with urologic complications out of 14,340 CS patients, with an incidence of 0.25%. The patients in the case group were older, had a lower gestational age at time of delivery and their newborns had a lower birth weight. Prior CS was more prevalent among the study group (88.2 vs. 66.7%), as was the incidence of placenta accreta and central praevia. In comparison with the control group, the intraoperative blood loss was higher in the case group, although there was no difference among the two groups regarding the type of surgery (emergency vs. elective), uterine rupture, or other obstetrical indications for CS. Prior CS and caesarean hysterectomy were risk factors for urologic injuries at CS. Conclusions: The major risk factor for urological injuries at the time of CS surgery is prior CS. Among patients with previous CS, those who undergo caesarean hysterectomy for placenta previa central and placenta accreta are at higher risk of surgical haemostasis and complex urologic injuries involving the bladder and the ureters.

Maternal and Neonatal Outcome following Day Two versus Day Five or Seven Discharge after an Uncomplicated Elective Caesarean Section: A Randomized Control Study.

Background In recent times, it has become a common practice to discharge a woman early after an uncomplicated caesarean section (CS), to satisfy their wishes, reduce cost, and maximize efficient use of healthcare system resources. Objective To conduct a comparative analysis of maternal and neonatal outcomes following day two hospital discharge versus day 5 or 7 discharge after an uncomplicated CS. Materials and Methods Eligible parturient (228) who met the inclusion criteria were randomized into two groups between 1st October 2018 and 30th September 2019 in two different maternity centers in Ebonyi state. The study group (114) was discharged two days after an uncomplicated CS while the control group (114) was discharged on the 5th or 7th postoperative day. Their satisfaction, cost, morbidities, and breastfeeding practices were evaluated using a pretested questionnaire. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 22. Results Day 2 discharge was not associated with a higher rate of readmission as compared with day 5-7 discharge (χ2 = 0.95, P = 0.329). There were no statistically significant differences in cost incurred by patients discharged on day 2 after uncomplicated CS compared to the control group (χ2 = 1.65, P = 0.649). Maternal satisfaction was high following day 2 discharge compared with day 5-7 discharge (χ2 = 16.64, P = 0.0001, OR = 0.857, 95%CI = 0.59–1.25). The majority of mothers (79.6%) discharged on day 2 were able to initiate and sustain breastfeeding with no statistically significant difference in the initiation and sustenance of breastfeeding with those discharged on days 5-7 (χ2 = 4.45, P = 0.108). Early hospital discharge did not have any significant negative impact on neonatal health (χ2 = 1.063, P = 0.303). Conclusion Early discharge of patients after an uncomplicated CS is not associated with increased rate of readmission. It is associated with good maternal satisfaction, adequate initiation and sustenance of breastfeeding, and good neonatal wellbeing. We advocate early discharge of women following uncomplicated CS.

Assessment of Different Regiments of Early Oral Feeding in Comparison to Delayed Feeding After Elective Uncomplicated Cesarean Section: A Randomized Control Trial

Assessment of Different Regiments of Early Oral Feeding in Comparison to Delayed Feeding After Elective Uncomplicated Cesarean Section: A Randomized Control Trial

EARLY VERSUS DELAYED ORAL INTAKE IN PATIENTS AFTER CESAREAN SECTION UNDER REGIONAL ANESTHESIA

Objective: To compare the outcome in early versus delayed oral intake in patients after cesarean section under regional anesthesia.&#x0D; Study Design: Quasi-experimental study.&#x0D; Place and Duration of Study: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Combined Military Hospital Lahore, from Dec 2017 to May 2018.&#x0D; Methodology: A total of 352 women undergoing elective cesarean section under regional anesthesia, nil by mouth for at least 8 hours before surgery were divided in 2 groups. In group 1, patients were given sips of clear oral fluid (water) &lt;5 hours after cesarean section and in group 2, patients received sips of water 8 hours following surgery. Bowel motility was assessed after surgery on hourly basis. Data about time interval to first bowel movement and ileus were noted.&#x0D; Results: Mean age of patients was 32.329 ± 3.44 years and 33.051 ± 3.64 years in group 1 and 2 respectively. Mean gestational age and body mass index was 38.50 ± 0.93 weeks and 29.824 ± 4.97 kg/m2 in group-1 versus 37.937 ± 0.98 weeks and 27.779 ± 2.81 kg/m2 in group 2. Mean duration of surgery was 47.096 ± 6.65 minutes in group-1 and 47.647 ± 8.76 minutes in group 2. Ileus was seen in 17% patients in group-1 and 34.1% in group-2 (p&lt;0.001). Mean time interval for first bowel movement was 8.323 ± 1.20 hours in group-1 and 13.034 ± 2.54 hours in group 2 (p&lt;0.001).&#x0D; Conclusion: Early feeding after an uncomplicated cesarean section has reduced rate of ileus symptoms and mean time interval for bowel......

The Efficiency of Temporary Uterine Artery Ligation on Prevention of the Bleeding in Cesarean Section

Objective: We aimed to evaluate the effect of temporary ligation of the uterine artery on postpartum bleeding during uncomplicated cesarean section. Design: This was a prospective, randomized, and controlled study. We recruited a total of 200 patients, including 100 cases and 100 controls. Methods: The bilateral uterine artery was temporarily clamped 2 cm below the uterine incision in the study group and compared with controls. Patient demographics, the amount of intraoperative bleeding, the duration of the operation, the closure time of the uterine incision, the need for additional uterotonics, the need for additional sutures, and the hemoglobin values before and after birth were assessed. Results: The mean value of the amount of bleeding in the clamped and control groups was 267.3 ± 131.8 mL and 390.2 ± 116.4 mL, respectively. The amount of bleeding was significantly decreased for clamped group (p < 0.001). A significant reduction occurred in the results of pre- and postoperative values of hemoglobin and hematocrit difference, operation duration, and the closing time of the uterine incision in the experimental group which has temporary uterine artery clamping. Limitations: The cases of recurrent cesareans were not included in this study. Conclusion: Temporary uterine artery ligation can be used to reduce the amount of bleeding during uncomplicated cesarean delivery and prevent postpartum hemorrhage.

Use of Methadone Maintenance Therapy for Opioid Use Disorder in Pregnancy.

Use of Methadone Maintenance Therapy for Opioid Use Disorder in Pregnancy.