Uncomfortable Feeling Research Articles

Molecular and cellular mechanisms of itch sensation and the anti-itch drug targets.

Itch is an uncomfortable feeling that evokes a desire to scratch. This protective reflex can effectively eliminate parasites that invade the skin. When itchy skin becomes severe or lasts for more than six weeks, it has deleterious effects on both quality of life and productivity. Despite decades of research, the complete molecular and cellular coding of chronic itch remains elusive. This persistent condition often defies treatment, including with antihistamines, and poses a significant societal challenge. Obtaining pathophysiological insights into the generation of chronic itch is essential for understanding its mechanisms and the development of innovative anti-itch medications. In this review we provide a systematic overview of the recent advancement in itch research, alongside the progress made in drug discovery within this field. We have examined the diversity and complexity of the classification and mechanisms underlying the complex sensation of itch. We have also delved into recent advancements in the field of itch mechanism research and how these findings hold potential for the development of new itch treatment medications. But the treatment of clinical itch symptoms still faces significant challenges. Future research needs to continue to delve deeper, not only to discover more itch-related pathways but also to explore how to improve treatment efficacy through multitarget or combination therapy.

Untangling the dairy paradox: How vegetarians experience and navigate the cognitive dissonance aroused by their dairy consumption

Most people eat meat, yet report valuing the environment, animal life, and their health, which contradicts this dietary behaviour. The psychological discomfort aroused by this value-behaviour inconsistency, and the strategies meat eaters use to resolve this unpleasant state, is termed the ‘meat paradox’. Vegetarians eschew meat consumption, but the negative implications of dairy are comparable to meat. We investigated the ‘dairy paradox’ in a sample of vegetarians (N = 378) using an experimental design. Specifically, we tested whether vegetarians experienced cognitive dissonance after reading about the environmental, animal welfare, and health impacts of dairy consumption when compared to a control group not exposed to this information. Then, we examined to what extent perceiving dairy consumption as Natural, Necessary, Normal, Nice, or Neglectable, and denial of cows' mental states (Experience or Agency) predicted reduced cognitive dissonance. Vegetarians in the dissonance-induction condition reported experiencing significantly greater dissonance, though they more strongly rejected the justification strategies. Instead, they reported greater intentions to reduce their dairy consumption than vegetarians in the control condition. Rather than replicating findings from the meat paradox literature, these results suggest that vegetarians respond to uncomfortable feelings about their value-behaviour conflict with a greater intention to abandon the incongruent behaviour, rather than endorsing the cognitions that justify it. This research provides evidence that vegetarians experience a dairy paradox. Given the success of our study in shifting participants away from behavioural justification and toward behavioural change intentions, our findings can help guide the design of interventions seeking to reduce dairy consumption.

Analyzing the Effect of Yarn Tension, Weft Yarn Type, and Weft Yarn Density on Thermal Resistance, Thermal Conductivity, and Air Permeability of Plain Woven Fabric

ABSTRACT Uncomfortable feelings during wear highly affect human health, work efficiency, and mental satisfaction. This study evaluated the thermal comfort of woven fabrics made from 16Ne ring and rotor spun weft yarns(x1). The other variables involved are warp tensions (x2) of 1 kilo newton (KN) and 2 kN, weft tensions (x3) of PFT/B- and PFT/B+T, and weft densities (x4) of 14 picks per centimeter (PPC) and 18 PPC. Comfort properties such as thermal conductivity, thermal insulation, and air permeability were measured and analyzed. The fabric produced from rotor-spun weft yarn showed better thermal comfort properties than the fabric made from ring-spun weft yarn. The results of the analysis revealed that when warp and weft yarn tension increased and weft density decreased, thermal conductivity and air permeability also increased. However, thermal insulation of the fabric decreased as yarn tension increased. On the other hand, as the weft density increased, the thermal insulation of the fabric increased. Air permeability increased as weft tension increased from PFT/B- to PFT/B+T and it decreased as weft density increased from 14 PPC to 18PPC. The maximum thermal conductivity and minimum thermal resistance were attained at 14 PPC weft density and ring-spun weft yarn.

The Connection Between Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis (RAS) and Psychological Stress in Patients at RSGM Nala Husada

Background: The most common oral soft tissue disease at RSGM Nala Husada is recurrent aphthous stomatitis. RAS is a condition marked by inflammation of the orakl mucosa, which manifests as one or more ulcers that recur over time. RAS can be influenced by various predisposing factors, with stress being a common trigger. Stress refers to the body's reaction to challenges or pressures that lead to uncomfortable feelings, which are perceived differently by each person. Objective: To determine the relationship between stress in patients with recurrent aphthous stomatitis at RSGM Nala Husada. Materials and Methods: The population and samples of all RAS patients who visited RSGM Nala Husada were taken by purposive sampling with a total of 100 people. The level of stress experienced by a person measured from the Depresion Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS) questionnaire which consists of 42 questions. Data on RAS were taken from subjective examination and intra-oral examination. Processing of data using correlation test with Spearman test in SPSS program. Results: The results of the Spearman test are a weak correlation, which can be seen from R= 0.115 (Sig = 0.175.> 0.05). A positive R value means that the relationship is in the same direction. Conclusion: In this study there was no significant relationship between psychological stress in RAS patients at RSGM Nala Husada. Therefore, it is necessary to review further the severity, duration and intensity of stress that can trigger the emergence of RAS and reconsider other predisposing factors related to RAS besides stress.

The Impact of Prenatal Yoga on Anxiety Levels in Third-Trimester Primigravida Mothers: A Pre-Experimental Study

Pregnancy will cause physiological and psychological changes for a pregnant woman. These changes will cause uncomfortable feelings for pregnant women which can trigger increased anxiety. Anxiety during pregnancy hurts pregnant women from pregnancy to delivery, especially for primigravida mothers, because pregnancy and childbirth are the first periods in their lives. In Indonesia, 71.90% of pregnant women experience anxiety symptoms. It has been proven that anxiety during pregnancy can be reduced or eliminated through physical exercise, namely prenatal yoga. The purpose of this research is to find out the effect of prenatal yoga on anxiety levels in pregnant women in the third trimester. The research design is a Pre-Experimental Design with a One Group Pretest-Posttest Design approach. With a population of 41 primigravida mothers in the third trimester, the sampling technique used total sampling with a total sample of 27 primigravida mothers in the third trimester who met the inclusion criteria. The research instrument used the PRAQ-R2 (pregnancy Associated Anxiety Questionnaire-Revised) questionnaire to measure anxiety levels before and after prenatal yoga. Then the data was analyzed using the Wilcoxon Rank correlation test and a value of ρ was smaller than α, namely (0.000<0.05). Shows the influence of prenatal yoga on the anxiety level of primigravid mothers in the third trimester after prenatal yoga. It is hoped that the results of this research can become a source of information and reference for future researchers.

Ordinary defensive medicine: in the shadows of general practitioners’ postures toward (over-)medicalisation

This paper draws on qualitative research using focus groups involving 38 general practitioners (GPs). It explores their attitudes and feelings about (over-)medicalisation. Our main findings were that GPs had a complex representation of (over-)medicalisation, composed of many professional, social, technological, economic and relational issues. This representation led GPs to feel uncomfortable. They felt pressure from all sides, which led them to question their social roles and responsibilities. We identified four main GP-driven proposals to deal with (over-)medicalisation: (1) focusing on the communication in doctor–patient relationships; (2) grounding practices in evidence-based medicine; (3) relying on clinical skills, experience and intuition; and (4) promoting training, leadership bodies and social movements. Drawing on these proposals, we identify and discuss five paradigms that underpin GPs’ attitudes toward (over-)medicalisation: underlying social factors, preventing medicalisation, managing uncertainties, sharing medical decision-making and thinking about care as a rationale. We suggest that these paradigms constitute a defensive posture against GPs’ uncomfortable feelings. All five defensive paradigms were identified in our focus groups, echoing contemporary political debates on public health. This non-exhaustive framework forms the outline of what we call ordinary defensive medicine. GPs’ uncomfortable feelings are the origin of their defensive solutions and the manifestation of their vulnerability. This professional vulnerability can be shared with the patient’s vulnerability. In our view, this creates an opportunity to rediscover patient–doctor relationships and examine patients’ and doctors’ vulnerabilities together.“There are many cases in which—though the signs of a confusion of tongues between the patient and his doctor are painfully present—there is apparently no open controversy. Some of these cases demonstrate the working of two other, often interlinked, factors. One is the patient’s increasing anxiety and despair, resulting in more and more fervently clamouring demands for help. Often the doctor’s response is guilt feelings and despair that his most conscientious, most carefully devised examinations do not seem to throw real light on the patient’s “illness”, that his most erudite, most modern, most circumspect therapy does not bring real relief.” (Balint M. The Doctor, His Patient and the Illness. New York: International Universities; 2005. [1957].)“Theories about care put an unprecedented emphasis on vulnerability—taking up that challenge to transform what really counts in today’s hospitals implies letting colleagues inside previously closely guarded professional boundaries” (2, our translation).

MATERNAL MENTAL HEALTH: STUDY OF COPING STRATEGIES MOTHERS WITH EXPERIENCING POSTPARTUM BLUES

Postpartum blues is an uncomfortable feeling experienced by mothers after giving birth. The incidence of postpartum blues in Indonesia is quite high, between 50-70%. This research aims to explore coping strategies for postpartum blues sufferers using qualitative research methods with case studies. Two participants who experienced postpartum blues were selected by purposive sampling technique. Method Data collection was carried out through in-depth interviews. Researchers used open questions with a grid of questions about coping strategies for dealing with postpartum blues and The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). Data verification process was carried out by triangulating data and sources (husbands and people closest). Research results known that the strategy used by respondents to overcome postpartum blues is Emotional Focused Coping. Other things can do to overcome postpartum blues include doing fun activities (me time), a spiritual approach, telling stories and being sincere. Based on evidence, it is known that distress due to breastfeeding problems (nipple pain) can cause postpartum blues syndrome. The new thing found in this research is that having sexual relations with husband can be a way to overcome postpartum blues. A good social support system needs to be built by all parties to support maternal mental health

A very, very lonely, unmagical time. The lived experience of perinatal anxiety: A longitudinal interpretative phenomenological analysis

ProblemMinimal longitudinal qualitative evidence examining lived experience of anxiety over the perinatal continuum limits holistic understanding of the course of antenatal and postnatal anxiety. BackgroundPerinatal anxiety has deleterious effects on the mother and infant and is more commonly experienced yet less well investigated than perinatal depression. Aim and methodTo explore women's experiences living with perinatal anxiety to increase understanding of the condition; inform support given by midwives and other health professionals and provide practice, education, and research recommendations. Five women were interviewed at three timepoints, producing 15 datasets. Data was analysed using longitudinal interpretative phenomenological analysis. FindingsNine Group Experiential Themes emerged: the anxious mother, transformation, sets of ears and the anxious pregnancy (antenatal); baby as external focus, returning to oneself and the emotional unknown (early postnatal); and moving on, and shifting sands (late postnatal). Three Longitudinal Experiential Concepts explicated lived experience over time: maternal eyes, transforming existence, and emotional kaleidoscope. The lived experience of perinatal anxiety was revealed as socially constructed, with relationships with self, others, and the world key. The collision between anxiety and motherhood as social constructs provides perinatal anxiety with its unique characteristics. ConclusionMidwives and other healthcare professionals should understand the significance of perinatal anxiety, enabling disclosure of stigmatising and uncomfortable feelings without judgement. Research examining whether perinatal specific screening tools should be used by midwives and exploring the relationship between perinatal anxiety and depression is recommended. Education for clinicians on the significance of perinatal anxiety is essential.

Laundry-on-Air: Cultural Intimacy and the Transnational Circulation of Popular Culture

Abstract TV shows and movies, as dominant forms of modern popular culture, often trigger domestic discussions, especially when dealing with sensitive and thorny issues in society. But what happens when these domestically-created cultural productions are globally circulated and consumed? In recent years, especially following the streaming revolution, there have been increasing numbers of national TV shows and films that are internationally distributed and broadcast. Focusing on the Israeli case, this article examines discursive responses to conflict-related TV shows and films that were created in Israel and are broadcast to an international audience. Situating these responses within International Relations constructivism and Social Psychology literature, we argue that the Israeli harsh and emotional response is a result of three dimensions related to these productions: (1) they deal with culturally intimate issues; (2) they expose Israeli vulnerabilities to outsiders; and (3) they are created by Israeli citizens, expected to align with group norms. In addition to bringing to the surface domestic identity debates, these internationally consumed cultural productions add another layer of ontological anxiety—the uncomfortable feeling associated with “airing the dirty laundry in public.”

How healthcare team build Resilience to Stress

Introduction: This study explores how the interaction theory of stress and coping, the expansion and construction theory of positive emotions, and the conservation of resources theory can help healthcare teams resist stress. Community resilience has been overlooked in health research on individual resilience. This study examines the resilience of teams to overcome knowledge gaps. Methodology: A snowballing method was used to select 10 members of the oral and maxillofacial surgery team for the study. Zoom was used to conduct 10 semi-structured interviews with three study participants. What causes team stress? How is stress tolerance defined? What strategies does the team use to build resilience? Interviews were coded using thematic analysis. Results: Research has found that patient care, long working hours, conflicting work commitments and a lack of control contribute to employee stress. Transactional theories of stress and coping suggest that a problem- and meaning-centered approach can help people cope with a variety of stressors. Teams also leverage social capital, constructive criticism, and positive emotions. It turns out that people have different definitions of resilience. Resilience is defined as a quality, characteristic, or strategy for coping with stress. Conclusion: The paper concludes with recommendations for implementation. Research shows that unpleasant emotions are expressed in difficult, low-stress work situations. It supports the non-suppression of unpleasant feelings, their resolution, and solutions. Management needs to step in and teach team members to express uncomfortable feelings in a constructive way.

Successful Root Canal Re-treatment of the Second Mandibular Premolar with type III of Vertucci Classification

Knowledge of the root canal system plays a significant role in avoiding the failure of root canal treatment. Premolar teeth may have several anatomical variations in their root canal system. A dentist must understand these root canal systems and their variation to conduct the appropriate treatment. The mandibular second premolar usually consists of a single root with a single root canal. The incidence of lower premolars with two or more root canals varied between 1.2% and 34%. This study aims to evaluate the success of root canal re-treatment of mandibular second premolars with type III Vertucci’s Classification. Case report: A 28-year-old woman visited our dental hospital with a pain sensation in her lower left premolar tooth. The subjective examination revealed that she had experienced pulp capping and root canal treatment last year. However, she felt pain and uncomfortable feeling on that treated tooth. A radiograph examination showed a radiopaque area from the crown edge to half of the root. The radiolucent area from the half tooth to the apical region showed root canal branching. The diagnosis for this tooth was previously treated teeth, asymptomatic apical periodontitis with type III of Vertucci’s Classification. Root Canal Treatment was done using crown down preparation technique and obturation with warm vertical condensation followed by class II composite resin composite as a temporary filling. Results showed that after three months of evaluation, the retreated-tooth condition kept showing good condition without any complaints, pain, or clinical abnormalities, suggesting it could function properly.

DEMA: A Deep Learning-Enabled Model for Non-Invasive Human Vital Signs Monitoring Based on Optical Fiber Sensing.

Optical fiber sensors are extensively employed for their unique merits, such as small size, being lightweight, and having strong robustness to electronic interference. The above-mentioned sensors apply to more applications, especially the detection and monitoring of vital signs in medical or clinical. However, it is inconvenient for daily long-term human vital sign monitoring with conventional monitoring methods under the uncomfortable feelings generated since the skin and devices come into direct contact. This study introduces a non-invasive surveillance system that employs an optical fiber sensor and advanced deep-learning methodologies for precise vital sign readings. This system integrates a monitor based on the MZI (Mach-Zehnder interferometer) with LSTM networks, surpassing conventional approaches and providing potential uses in medical diagnostics. This could be potentially utilized in non-invasive health surveillance, evaluation, and intelligent health care.

(O-37) PORNOGRAPHY CONSUMPTION AND SEXUAL SATISFACTION IN BRAZILIAN ADULTS

Abstract Introduction/Objective It is estimated that, worldwide, 40 million adults watch pornography regularly. Understanding sexuality as a social construction and sexual satisfaction as a construct with emotional, relational, physical and cultural characteristics. The aim of this research is to understand the relationship between pornography consumption and the sexual behaviors of its consumers; and compare pornography consumption, considering the gender of consumers. Material and Methods Quantitative, correlational and cross-sectional study. The following instruments were used: sociodemographic questionnaire, questionnaire on pornography consumption (frequency, type, form of use, source of content, age of first access and motivation for use), questions on condom use and a rating scale. emotional sexual satisfaction. In total, 993 adults responded to the online survey. Results Pornography consumption patterns differed according to the gender of consumers, in relation to the age of first exposute to pornography, frequency and motivation for consumption. Men started consumption earlier and have a higher frequency of consumption compared to women. Men report use for excitement, avoidance of uncomfortable feelings, and boredom. Among women, use involves sexual activity with a partner, curiosity and learning different practices. In the network analysis, gender played a mediating role between pornography consumption and emotional sexual satisfaction. Condom use was not related to sexual satisfaction or pornography consumption. The violent pornography consumption score was a predictor of lower levels of emotional sexual satisfaction. Conclusions Pornography consumption, both violent and non-violent, and being male are associated with lower levels of emotional sexual satisfaction. Such results can support interventions to promote sexual health. Financing Bolsa PRO-Stricto Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS).

Pengaruh Terapi Murrotal terhadap Tingkat Kecemasan pada Lansia dengan Hipertensi di RT 003/007 Sawangan Baru Tahun 2023

Hypertension is an increase in systolic blood pressure of 140 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure of 90 mmHg. Because hypertension has several factors, one of which is age. Elderly is a phase of declining intellectual and physical abilities. What occurs most often in the elderly is anxiety. Anxiety is an uncomfortable feeling of shame or fear accompanied by a response. Muslims believe in the holy Qur'an as a medicine for heart and physical ailments, the effect of murrotal can reduce anxiety levels. Objective: From this research, to determine the effect of murrotal therapy on anxiety levels in elderly people with hypertension at Rt 003/007 Sawangan Baru in 2023. The population in this study was 36 elderly people, the sample size was 15 respondents. The research design used pre-experimental with a one group pretest-posttest design approach. The data collection method uses the Geriatric Anxiety Scale (GAS) questionnaire to measure anxiety levels. The results showed that the average blood pressure in the elderly before murrotal therapy was 150/100 MmHg, after murrotal therapy it showed 130/90 MmHg, while the level of anxiety in the elderly before and after murrotal Qur'an therapy was an average value. P – value or sig value. (2-tailed) 0.000 which means less than p <0.05 using the Paired Simple T - Test Statistical Test which states that the hypothesis Ha is accepted and Ho is rejected, therefore there is a significant change between before and after the administration of murrotal therapy. So it can be concluded that there is an influence of murrotal therapy on anxiety levels in elderly people with hypertension.

Comparison of The Level of Satisfaction With The Use of Analgesics Ketorolac 30 Mg and Paracetamol 1000 Mg in Moderate Post-Operative Patients

<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="left"><tbody><tr><td align="left" valign="top"><p><em>Pain is an uncomfortable feeling that can be an emotional experience and has the potential to cause real tissue damage. Post-operative events can cause patients to feel pain in certain parts of the body. In post-operative care to reduce pain, patients are given NSAID (Non-Steroid Anti-Inflammatory Drugs) analgesic drugs, and the drugs commonly used are Ketorolac 30mg and Paracetamol 1000mg. The use of analgesics is said to be effective if the patient's perception shows satisfaction after using the analgesic. The research was conducted to see the level of patient satisfaction in using the analgesic intravenous injection of ketorolac 30mg and intravenous infusion of paracetamol 1000mg. This research used a Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) design with double blinds. Data collection was carried out in April–July 2021 at PKU Muhammadiyah Gamping Hospital. Then the data obtained was analyzed using the Chi-Square test. There were 40 respondents who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The analysis results show a significance value of 0.006<0.05. Thus it can be concluded that there is a difference in satisfaction with the use of analgesics. The research showed that the level of satisfaction with the use of the analgesic intravenous injection Ketorolac 30mg in mild to moderate post-operative patients at PKU Muhammadiyah Gamping Hospital was higher than the use of intravenous infusion Paracetamol 1000mg. </em><em>We suggest conducting additional research with a</em><em> larger and more diverse sample to yield results applicable to a broader population.</em><em> </em><em> </em><em>We also </em><em>recommend the routine use of 30mg ketorolac injection.</em></p><p><strong><em>Keywords : Anti-pain, postperative, satisfaction level</em></strong></p></td></tr></tbody></table>

Whether Patients with Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Walking at a Fast Speed Show more Kinematic Asymmetries?

Knee kinematic asymmetries after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) are correlated with poor clinical outcomes, such as the progression of knee cartilage degenerations or reinjuries. Fast walking in patients with knee conditions may exacerbate knee kinematic asymmetries, but its impact on ACLR patients is uncertain. The aim of this study is to investigate if fast walking induces more knee kinematic asymmetries in unilateral ACLR patients. This cross-sectional study enrolled 55 patients with unilateral ACLR from January 2020 to July 2022. There were 48 males and seven females with an average age of 30.6 ± 6.4 years. Knee kinematic data were collected at three walking speeds: self-selected, fast (150% normal), and slow (50% normal). A 3D knee kinematic analysis system measured the data, and self-reported outcomes assessed comfort levels during walking. We used SPM1D for two-way repeated ANOVA and posthoc paired t-tests to analyze kinematic differences in groups. In fast walking, ACLR knees exhibited more transverse kinematic asymmetries than intact knees, including greater external rotation angle (1.8°, 38%-43%; gait cycle [GC], p < 0.05 & 1.8-2.7°, 50%-61% GC, p < 0.05) and increased proximal tibial translation (2.1-2.5 mm, 2%-6% GC, p < 0.05 & 2.5-3.2 mm, 92%-96% GC, p < 0.05). Additionally, ACLR knees showed greater posterior tibial translation than intact knees (3.6-3.7 mm, 7%-8% GC, p < 0.05) during fast walking. No posterior tibial translation asymmetries were observed in slow walking compared to normal walking levels. ACLR knees have the most comfortable feelings in slow walking speed, and the most uncomfortable feelings in fast walking speed levels (29%). Fast walking induces additional external tibial rotation and proximal and posterior tibial translation asymmetries in ACLR patients. This raises concerns about long-term safety and health during fast walking. Fast walking, not self-selected speed, is beneficial for identifying postoperative gait asymmetries in ACLR patients.

UNRESOLVED QUESTIONS ABOUT COATS DISEASE: A CASE REPORT

Introduction : Coats disease (CD) is an idiopathic retinal vascular disorder accompanied by retinal telangiectasia with intraretinal and/or subretinal exudation without appreciable retinal or vitreal traction. The disease most common in young males and unilateral involvement. The etiopathogenesis of CD is unclear. However, previous studies have reported changes in inflammatory cytokines, and levels of VEGF in aqueous humor are also higher in patients with CD.&#x0D; Case Illustration : We reported a 19-year-old man with complaints of decreased vision, floaters, and uncomfortable feelings in his RE, since one year before presentation. Initial examination showed visual acuity of the RE was 0.5F2 and the LE was 1.0. Examination of posterior segment showed irregularly-dilated telangiectatic vessels and exudative RD. We performed an OCT examination in both eyes and the results showed extensive cystoid macular edema in the RE. Ultrasonography of the RE also showed an exudative RD. The patient was diagnosed with Coats disease grade 3 and planned to receive intravitreal anti-VEGF injection in RE. After the second injection, OCT examination results showed no improvement in the patient's eye condition. Until now, we’re still trying to find a suitable therapy and considering laser photocoagulation.&#x0D; Discussion : Previous studies showed that there was an improvement in some CD patients only with anti-VEGF injections, but some other patients didn’t improve and had to get other additional therapy with laser photocoagulation/cryotherapy. It’s related to the severity of the disease, where a disease with grade ?3, tends to require combination therapy with laser photocoagulation/cryotherapy.&#x0D; Conclusion : Intravitreal anti-VEGF injections alone don’t show improvement in CD grade?3.

Methods and functions of non-suicidal self-injury in an adolescent and young adult clinical sample

BackgroundNon-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is an emerging critical medical condition among adolescents and young adults worldwide. They use different methods for expressing their emotional needs. The aim of this study was to identify the methods of NSSI used by adolescents and young adults who presented with different psychiatric disorders, and their utilized functions.Subjects/materials and methodsA case–control study was done on 100 late adolescent and young adult patients who attended Suez Canal University with psychiatric disorders. Sociodemographic data was obtained then they were assessed by the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview and the Brief Non-suicidal Self-Injury Assessment Tool.ResultsAmong the case group, 54% used scratching for self-harm while 36% used cutting. The most common body areas were hands (44%) and arms (42%). Eighty percent of the case group endorsed non-suicidal self-harm for dealing with anger, while 78% to cope with uncomfortable feelings and 72% to relieve stress with no statistically significant difference between males or females, nor among psychiatric comorbidities.ConclusionThe most common method of NSSI was scratching and it was followed by cutting and banging. The most common body areas were hands and arms. Patients endorsed NSSI for various motives and several functions. However, Items on the automatic negative reinforcement scales were the most common functions, especially when dealing with anger.

Differences in risk factors for flare-ups in patients with lumbar radicular pain may depend on the definition of flare.

The objective was to determine whether specific physical activity (PA) or psychological stress factors are associated with different definitions of flare-ups (pain-defined flares [PDFs]: periods of increased pain lasting at least 2 h, when pain intensity is distinctly worse than it has been recently; and non-pain-defined flares [NPDFs]: obviously uncomfortable feelings, such as fatigue, loss of function, or emotional/psychosocial fluctuations, without major fluctuations in pain intensity based on 11-point scales) among people with lumbar radicular pain. This was a case-crossover study. Participants with acute or subacute lumbar radicular pain completed serial face-to-face or online assessments for 6 weeks at 3-day intervals to determine whether they experienced sciatica flare-ups (PDF/NPDF) after specific types of PA or psychological stresses. A total of 152 participants were enroled. There were 597 PDF and 323 NPDF case periods and 800 control periods. The odds of PDFs were increased by prolonged walking and standing, and the odds of NPDFs were increased by prolonged sitting, mental distress, and depressed mood. According to the multivariable analyses, prolonged sitting (OR: 3.0, 95% CI: 1.7-5.5), prolonged walking (OR: 6.2, 95% CI: 3.9-9.9), and prolonged standing (OR: 5.6, 95% CI: 3.3-9.5) were significantly associated with the odds of PDFs, and prolonged sitting (OR: 3.4, 95% CI: 1.8-6.2), mental distress (OR: 6.7, 95% CI: 2.5-17.5), and depressed mood (OR: 5.8, 95% CI: 2.6-12.8) associated with the odds of NPDFs. Prolonged sitting, walking, and standing triggered the occurrence of PDF. Prolonged sitting, mental distress, and depressed mood triggered the occurrence of NPDF.

The influence of psychological factors on the frequency and perception of post-endodontic pain

Background/Aim. Post-endodontic pain (PEP) is associated with the presence of any uncomfortable feeling or sensitivity that occurs within a few hours or a few days after the endodontic treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible association between psychological factors and the frequency and perception of PEP. Methods. The study sample consisted of 140 patients with incisors, canines, or premolars indicated for root canal treatment (RCT) without periapical pathology. A single experienced endodontist was involved in the procedure, and the same clinical protocol was used for all the patients. Participants psychometric evaluation was done using the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale 21 (DASS-21). PEP levels were assessed using a Visual Analog Scale at different intervals (24, 48, and 72-hour intervals and after a week). Results. The presence of postoperative pain was reported in 63.6% of the respondents. The vast majority rated the pain intensity as mild, and the pain significantly decreased over evaluated time intervals. Participants who exhibited higher scores for depression, anxiety, and stress reported significantly higher pain intensity. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that tooth type (p = 0.001) and high anxiety score (p = 0.035) were directly associated with the occurrence of pain after therapy. Conclusion. Psychological factors, such as depression, stress, and anxiety, influenced pain perception after RCT treatment, and a high anxiety score was directly associated with the frequency of post-obturation pain.