Uncharted Land Research Articles

How video games saved me during the pandemic: A gamer's guide to psychological safety

How video games saved me during the pandemic: A gamer's guide to psychological safety

Between Topographical Groundwork and Neocolonial Aspirations: The ‘Best Practice’ of Survey Photography in the Chilean-Argentine Boundary Case of 1902

This article investigates photography as a tool of neocolonial territorial politics in the Cordillera of the Andes Boundary Case of 1902, in which Chile and Argentina re-negotiated their border in Patagonia. To avoid an impending war, they brought their case to the English King for arbitration. Scientists from all three sides compiled reports, maps and notably, photographs, providing proof for each country’s interpretation of the border. In a first step, I argue that the images of the hitherto uncharted land posed a challenge to the understanding of this land as national territory, having first to undergo a process of overcoming the uncertainty of empty space and acquiring scientific meaning during the arbitration. In a second step, I trace how the photographs and the case itself were resignified as expressions of neocolonial modernity and nation building. In this process, the previously limited capacity of photography was extended to support legal claims. The analysis of the development of the visual material in the trilateral negotiation distills the key factors that made the survey photography of this case successful in terms of contemporary imperial standards, or in other words, an example of ‘best practice’.

A Language Teacher in the ESP Classroom: Can We be a Successful Dweller in This Strange and Uncharted Land?

The English for specific purposes (ESP) classroom has been described by a number of scholars as a strange and uncharted land for many language teachers. This is because ESP is designed to meet the specific needs of the learner, making it related to subject specialist content. Accordingly, some people feel that language teachers without a specialist subject background are “unqualified” to teach ESP courses. Rather, subject specialists should be the ones who teach these courses even though, in many cases, they are not trained to teach language. This paper therefore aims to find out whether it is possible that language teachers, who have limited subject specialist knowledge, can “settle down” happily in this strange and uncharted land. Reviews of the literature and previous studies of related topics, namely the definition of ESP, subject specificity, subject specialist knowledge, strategies for dealing with a lack of subject specialist knowledge, and the roles of the ESP practitioner, are discussed first. Then, the answer to the question is presented at the end.

Antibiotic Treatment of Anaerobic Infections: Uncharted Land in Iran

The article's abstract is no available.

The Central Asian orography studies by G.E. Grumm-Grzhimailo’s expedition, 1889–1890

The paper deals with the history of the Grigorii Grumm-Grzhimailo’s Central Asian expedition, 1889–1890, and its main results in orography. The tasks of the expedition included an exploration of West and Central part of Inner (Central) Asia and the gathering of the naturalistic collections. The expedition was organized by the Russian Geographical Society. Grigorii Grumm-Grzhimailo used Przhevalskii’s reconnaissance methods to explore the uncharted lands. At the same time, he conducted geographical investigations, including orographic ones. This expedition covered a vast territory and made two major geographical discoveries of the Turfan depression and the Beyshan Mountains, the latter providing an orographic link between the Eastern Tian Shan and the middle Kuen Lun.

Planning in uncharted waters: spatial transformations, planning transitions and role-reflexive planning

For planners, processes of complex spatial transformations today are comparable to uncharted land and an uncertain voyage. Many possible role images overlap and contrast to traditional and established ways of thinking and acting. The focus here is on navigating instead of controlling, about supporting instead of enforcing. Planning lacks tools to think and act when facing uncertainty. This paper proposes role-reflexive planning as an educational and experimental approach to thinking through different potentialities. It offers groundwork from the boundary between planning and transition studies, using role-based ideas as a bridge. It offers an overview about different roles that are relevant to working towards transformations as spatial planners. It develops an account of role-reflexive planning that connects between contexts, actions and back to individual modes of behaviour in planning processes. As a basis, this paper condenses experiences of a role-playing pilot workshop and discussions about potential elements of a transition towards 'post-growth planning'. It outlines how role-playing challenges the individual roles of actors beyond the game situations themselves. Conceptual ideas foster a renewed role-based debate on thinking and acting in the face of uncertainty and ways to navigate through the stormy waters of transformation.

KAJIAN HUKUM TENTANG PENGUKURAN DAN PEMETAAN UNTUK PENDAFTARAN TANAH DITINJAU DARI PERATURAN MENTERI AGRARIA DAN TATA RUANG/KEPALA BADAN PERTANAHAN NASIONAL REPUBLIK INDONESIA NOMOR 1 TAHUN 2017 TENTANG PERUBAHAN ATAS PERATURAN MENTERI AGRARIA DAN TATA RUANG/KEPALA BADAN PERTANAHAN NASIONAL NOMOR 35 TAHUN 2016 TENTANG PERCEPATAN PELAKSANAAN PENDAFTARAN TANAH SISTEMATIS LENGKAP

The measurement and mapping of land parcels for land registration is the initial subject in the framework of land certification to obtain a land title certificate. Problems and constraints that occur in the measurement and mapping of land parcels if not given a solution that can certainly cause more land disputes. Complete Systematic Land Registration is one of the efforts of the Ministry of Agrarian Affairs and Spatial Planning or the National Land Agency of the Republic of Indonesia in order to resolve the problems that occur, including the uncharted land parcels with old land titles and other fields that have not been granted land titles. a method of measuring the old parcels of land that are not in accordance with the current conditions, parsing land parcels that have experienced land disputes.

Western nightmares: Manifest Destiny and the representation of genocide in weird fiction

Abstract This article focuses on the representation of genocide in Manifest Destiny (Dingess 2013–present), a comic book series loosely based on the 1804–06 Lewis and Clark expedition, replete with fantastical creatures, strange habitats and superhuman acts of heroism. The graphic narrative, published by Skybound/Image Comics, with art by Matthew Roberts and Owen Gieni, tells the story of the Corps of Discovery as they explore a quasi-mythical uncharted land, on the orders of President Jefferson. Their mission is to map and tame the newly purchased Louisiana Territory and prepare it for American settlers by killing the myriad monsters that still populate the strange land (including buffalotaurs, gigantic frogs, sentient anthropomorphic birds and a plant that infects humans and animals, turning their insides to plant-like material and robbing them of their will). By analysing it as a work of weird fiction, I explore how the presence of monstrous creatures creates a number of effects, from the horrific to the unsettling, outlines the killers’ awareness of the moral ambiguity of their actions and encourages readers’ identification with genocide perpetrators. The series, I argue, is grounded upon a formal realism that makes it highly effective in depicting scenes of weird fiction, whose defamiliarizing effect can rely on combining conventional, highly realistic settings, characters or tableaux with strange elements that pervert and yet do not render them unrecognizable. In conversation with critics and writers such as Ian Dawe, Darja Malcolm-Clarke, Simon Spiegel and Ann and Jeff VanderMeer, I attempt to explore the formal strategies adopted by the series in order to create scenes of weird fiction and their ethical implications.

Big Privacy: Challenges and Opportunities of Privacy Study in the Age of Big Data

One of the biggest concerns of big data is privacy. However, the study on big data privacy is still at a very early stage. We believe the forthcoming solutions and theories of big data privacy root from the in place research output of the privacy discipline. Motivated by these factors, we extensively survey the existing research outputs and achievements of the privacy field in both application and theoretical angles, aiming to pave a solid starting ground for interested readers to address the challenges in the big data case. We first present an overview of the battle ground by defining the roles and operations of privacy systems. Second, we review the milestones of the current two major research categories of privacy: data clustering and privacy frameworks. Third, we discuss the effort of privacy study from the perspectives of different disciplines, respectively. Fourth, the mathematical description, measurement, and modeling on privacy are presented. We summarize the challenges and opportunities of this promising topic at the end of this paper, hoping to shed light on the exciting and almost uncharted land.

Introduction

Travelling is a fascinating thing to do. But what today is seen for the most part as an interruption of the daily life at home, as something done only during vacations, used to be a much more challenging endeavor, full of risks. People travelled to explore virtually unknown and uncharted land; they went to conquer, to investigate, and to bring Christianity. Letters and reports written during the journey or after one’s return were a means to share whatever one had learned, as well as to let those who stayed behind participate in one’s experiences. For us today these documents are a treasure of ideas and worldviews. One such treasure has been preserved in the Jesuit Collection of the University Library in Maastricht. Among the 265,000 volumes covering an immense variety of fields, the international orientation of the Jesuit order has given us a series of travel writings. They span a time period from as early as the sixteenth century to as late as the nineteenth and twentieth centuries and are proof of the explorative nature of past travellers: both the Old World and the New World were explored widely, and since not all of the books in the Jesuit Collection were written by actual Jesuits, the different backgrounds – scientific and religious, military and commercial – add to the writings’ diversity.

Contribution of philosophy to the advancement of marketing thought

The four papers in this special issue revisit the core concepts and key functions of marketing through philosophy. They examine the discipline as it enters its maturity amidst unprecedented global socioeconomic turmoil. As the certainties of modernity and the individualism of postmodernity melt into the uncharted lands of metamodernity, they offer a kaleidoscopic view of the big issues faced by contemporary societies through a fascinatingly eclectic mix of topics, theoretical frameworks and methodological perspectives. They call for a clean break from amoralism and a wholehearted embracement of our role as facilitators of value coproduction and agents of the ethics of gentleness.

‘Not for us what can be dreamed or imagined, described or spoken of’: Alex Hartley’s Nowhereisland and the ‘Im-possible’ of the Olympics

A piece of ‘uncharted land’, revealed under a glacier in the High Arctic, Nowhereisland was declared a nation in September 2011. During the Olympics, ‘this nation without borders’ traveled to the coast of South-West England, attracting over 20,000 citizens, before disappearing in September 2012. This article explores the ambivalent politics of staging and imagining belonging in Hartley’s utopian project. Nowhereisland appeared to contest nationhood but employed strategies that perpetuated the nation’s emotional legitimacy – hence, it staged a paradox. Following Tim Etchells’s suggestion (March 2012) to move beyond normalizing utopias that ‘can be imagined or spoken of’, I consider the politics of Nowhereisland in its attempt to extend the limits of belonging to the Derridean im-possible. I propose that there is an analogy between belonging to Nowhereisland and identification with the New Europe. In doing so, this article seeks to locate an instance of the 2012 Cultural Olympiad in the matrix of current European crises.

Space Conquest and Ritual Practices: Lighting Candles for Ariane

Endeavoring to conquer space—a domain once reserved to gods and spirits—is not always a denial of the existence of divinities and the human practices devoted to them. On the contrary, many examples of religious attitudes can be seen in the space venture of the past 50 years or so, such as lighting candles before launching a rocket or blessing a team of cosmonauts. To say that such behavior is an expression of the sacred dimension means recognizing that the space venture goes beyond the usual borders of human existence but, at the same time, does not reveal everything about mankind. There must always be a place for terrae incognitae—for unknown and uncharted lands.

Songs and Folktales as conduits for social change in Zulu culture: A perspective on Umkhwekazi Namasi

Songs and folktales have various functions in the Zulu culture, among which are to teach, rebuke and to entertain. They are also used to express the Zulu's people's philosophy of life. This article will use the songs and folktale Umkhwekazi namasi (the mother-in-law and the curdled milk) as an example of an old woman who disregarded the norms and values of her society. This paper will illustrate the fact that, in these songs and folktales, the old woman voiced her dissatisfaction at some of the social practices that she considered to be outdated and asked that these practices be reassessed. This discussion, which will be informed by feminist critique, will revolve around the “inappropriate behaviour” of the old lady. Her actions of defying a custom which had been in existence long before she was born suggest that the old lady knows change is needed; her actions indicate that one has to take chances in life and travel uncharted land in order to bring about change. Songs comment on the thematic concerns of a folktale and they are in themselves a vehicle to narrate the story in a folktale. They also entertain as well as teach a moral just as folktales do.

Culture Clash: Investor’s Rights v. Cultural Heritage in International Investment Law & Arbitration

This study aims to explore the ‘clash of cultures’ between international investment law and international cultural law. When countries pursue economic growth, their policy makers may have an incentive to lower cultural standards to promote economic activities. If states nonetheless maintain a high level of cultural heritage protection, disputes may arise as foreign investors can claim that such policies affect their economic interests thereby breaching investment treaty provisions. Given the extraordinary increase of foreign direct investment (FDI) flows in recent years, the privileged regime created by international investment law within the boundaries of the host state has increasingly determined a tension between investors’ rights and cultural heritage protection. In some cases, foreign investors have claimed that cultural policies negatively affected their investment, thereby amounting to indirect expropriation. In other cases, the investors alleged discrimination and/or violation of the fair and equitable treatment standard. In sum, there is a variety of potential conflict areas between investor rights and cultural policies.The interplay between investor’s rights and cultural heritage protection raises a number of questions. First, have arbitral tribunals paid any attention to cultural heritage? If so, how have they balanced investors’ rights and the cultural policies of the host State? Second, what implications, if any, can be drawn from this emerging case law with regard to the current debate on the unity or fragmentation of international law? Third, have arbitral tribunals conformed to existing adjudicative patterns of other courts and tribunals on cultural heritage issues?This study aims to address these questions by mapping the uncharted land of cultural heritage related disputes. After defining the concept of cultural heritage disputes, this study analyzes and critically assesses the cultural heritage related disputes and explores some legal options to reconcile the different interests at stake. Finally some conclusions will be drawn.

Reconciliation(s): Transitional Justice in Postconflict Societies. By Joanna R. Quinn, ed. Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press, 2009. 313 pp. $95.00 cloth.

Reconciliation(s): Transitional Justice in Postconflict Societies. By Joanna R. Quinn, ed. Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press, 2009. 313 pp. $95.00 cloth. What is reconciliation in postconflict settings? This contested question perplexes scholars in the field of transitional justice (TJ), which generally concerns itself with how nations address a past of widespread human rights violations during episodes of violence and the breakdown of the rule of law and democracy. Since its debut some 20 years ago, the discipline of TJ has generated a growing body of literature that continues to outpace the estimated 40 countries that have opted to pursue judicial and nonjudicial mechanisms like truth commissions, reparations, criminal trials, and institutional reform, among other measures, to prevent new cycles of violence (Hayner 2010). Often these articles, books, and chapters examine the theory and case studies of TJ, all the while making passing reference to ''reconciliation'' as an overarching aim of these national political processes. Conveying grand promises to return societies to ''normalcy,'' reconciliation has become the focal point of the TJ movement (Sarkin & Daly 2004). Yet despite the great deference displayed in the canon of TJ literature, readers are often left puzzling over the exact definition of reconciliation. Moreover, despite this lacuna in clarity, few academics venture into this uncharted land of confronting the topic of reconciliation head-on. For that reason, I was intrigued that Joanna R. Quinn bravely took on the challenge of tackling this daunting ground by making reconciliation the central theme of her edited volume Reconcilia- tion(s): Transitional Justice in Postconflict Societies. As Quinn explains in her introduction, the invited authors all attempt to ''come to terms with the many-headed beast that is reconciliation'' (p. 12). Quinn and her cohorts respond to the fact that in the last 20 years reconciliation has come to assume ''multiple meanings and understandings'' (p. 290) but that ''those within the transitional justice community have not settled on any one particular definition of reconciliation'' (p. 5). Quinn herself candidly reveals her own grappling with defining the term: ''What, then, of this thing called reconciliation? In past writing and teaching, I have been reluctant to address the issue of reconciliation for a couple of reasons: first, even with the innumerable articles and books available on the subject, the definition of reconciliation has proven illusive, and I have never understood completely just what 'reconciliation' was supposed to be'' (p. 182). Thus, Quinn enlists the contributing authors of Reconciliation(s) to figure out what reconciliation looks like and how transitioning nations get there, all beginning with the premise that ''reconciliation can mean very different things to different people . . . the contributing authors agree, however, that, at its heart, reconciliation is about building relationships of trust and cohesion'' (p. 5). Practitioners and academics alike, the authors represent a variety of disciplines (education, political science, philosophy, theology, law, psychology), which inevitably means a rich combination of styles, methodologies, and analytical frameworks. This composition could potentially frustrate a reader eager for a set paradigm for framing reconciliation, but then again the diversity of perspectives merely symbolizes the dynamism of reconciliation, incapable of being captured by just one interpretive ''notional lens'' (p. 12). Alternatively, there is a style to suit each reader's preference: theoretical and philosophical ruminations, case-based inquiries, anthropological thick description and nuanced observation, and political-legal frameworks for testing political models and hypotheses, among others. Indeed, Quinn notes that many of the chapters test ''how realities of TJ correspond to conceptual arguments'' (p. …

In a strange and uncharted land: ESP teachers’ strategies for dealing with unpredicted problems in subject knowledge during class

The literature on English for Specific Purposes (ESP) has largely ignored one of its most distinctive features: many ESP teachers have to teach subject-specific texts from areas outside their primary areas of expertise. This paper addresses this issue by investigating the teaching practices and cognitions of three teachers of maritime English in a college in China, and in particular how they respond to unpredicted situations in-class where their subject knowledge is limited – what we call ‘In-class Subject Knowledge Dilemma’ (ISKD) situations. In six lessons, we identified five episodes where the teacher had to deal with an unpredicted issue related to subject knowledge. The strategies that the teachers used when dealing with these episodes can be described in terms of avoidance or risk taking. The teachers believed that the occurrence of such unpredicted problems reflected poorly on their competence as teachers but that the strategies they adopted meant that the lesson proceeded smoothly and allowed them to maintain their students’ respect as experts in the field.

Lewis and Clark: Doctors in the Wilderness (review)

Reviewed by: Lewis and Clark: Doctors in the Wilderness James H. Cassedy Bruce C. Paton . Lewis and Clark: Doctors in the Wilderness. Golden, Colo.: Fulcrum, 2001. ix + 228 pp. $18.95 (paperbound, 1-55591-055-6). This work is a timely contribution to this country's observance of the two hundredth anniversary of the lengthy explorations of the Lewis and Clark expedition, a westward trip across mostly uncharted land from the existing United States to the Pacific Ocean. The book is also a scholarly and publishing rarity, a book-length volume that deals with the medical aspects of the expedition. Moreover, although Bruce Paton has directed his work deliberately toward the ordinary reader, what he has produced should appeal as well to physicians, historians of medicine, and other types of historians. In short, his retelling of this classic episode of American history is highly engaging and deserving of plaudits. Paton, a retired cardiac surgeon, describes himself as having a longtime enthusiasm not only for history, but for the wild places of the world and for the often daring individuals who have explored such places. He has frequently worked as a physician on extended modern tours and expeditions into remaining wild places, and has played an important role in the organization of wilderness [End Page 900] medicine as a medical specialty. His book, therefore, is essentially an interpretation of the medical history of the Lewis and Clark expedition through the interests and outlooks of today's successful wilderness physician. The book starts with an informative general review of notable explorations from antiquity to the nineteenth century, touching on the political, economic, intellectual, and other motives behind them. The author then comments on Thomas Jefferson's lively interest in such pursuits, and on the eventual emergence of plans and preparations for the ambitious Lewis and Clark expedition during Jefferson's presidency. Then, in a final introductory section, he examines the medical ideas and practices of the day, along with the medical equipment and pharmaceuticals that were gathered for the trip. The main portion of the book is the series of chapters that review the expedition's daily happenings or experiences, but mainly, of course, the medically related events or cases. Paton's principal sources of such information were the journal observations of Lewis, Clark, and other members of the expedition, and he seems to have selected for his own comment virtually all of the medical events that the explorers considered important enough to record. In fact, for each of his discussions of such events in the book, he goes through a process of trying to make the nineteenth-century medical assumptions, nomenclatures, and therapeutic choices understandable for readers of the twenty-first century. Near the end he readily admits that many of his conclusions are no better than intelligent guesses, and points out that such guessing is often the best that today's wilderness medical practitioner, in the absence of advanced drugs and technology out in the wilds, can provide. For a book that is generally so informative and interesting, I have only two substantial complaints or problems. One is the author's decision not to provide footnotes. The other is his selection of a title that is ambiguous: in the absence of a designated physician, it fell to Lewis and Clark to do virtually all of the "doctoring" on the expedition—yet Paton himself repeatedly found it necessary to remind the reader that neither man had had any of the formal medical training often implied by the title "Doctor." In other respects, the book is predominantly praiseworthy. It is clearly written and has an appealing style. Except for Paton's inquisitive medical passages, his narrative moves along rapidly. And even those passages have a certain drive, imbued as they are with the acknowledged excitements of the author's involvement in reconstructing this heroic expedition of the past, and with the vibrancy of his admiration for each member of the expedition. James H. Cassedy National Library of Medicine Copyright © 2004 The Johns Hopkins University Press

Geology of the Lewis and Clark Trail in North Dakota

John W. Hoganson and Edward C. Murphy, 2003, Mountain Press, Missoula, USA, 247 p. (Softcover, US $18.00) ISBN: 0-87842-476-8. Two-hundred years ago, on May 14, 1804, the Corps of Discovery, led by Captains Meriwether Lewis and William Clark, 29 and 33 years-old respectively, pushed off from the bank of the Missouri River at St. Charles, Missouri, on a two-year and four-month exploration of the largely uncharted lands of the newly purchased Louisiana Territory and the unclaimed wilderness beyond the continental divide to the Pacific Ocean. Lewis and Clark followed in the wake of the explorations of the length and breadth of the Pacific Ocean by Captain James Cook, which ended 35 years earlier with Cook's death on the shore of Kealakekua Bay, Hawaii. John Hoganson and Ed Murphy's book, Geology of the Lewis and Clark Trail in North Dakota, is an insightful account of the expedition's route through North Dakota, and the landscape, surficial deposits, and bedrock that the captains described. Hoganson and Murphy are eminently qualified to write this account of the geology of the Lewis and Clark Trail in North Dakota. As geologists with the North Dakota Geological Survey, they have over 40 collective years of mapping the bedrock and surficial geology of the state. Their research for the book has been of the highest quality, and the persons with whom they consulted, and the bibliography that they assembled, are excellent. The book is divided into five parts: (1) Jefferson's vision for the expedition and his choice of Meriwether Lewis to lead the enterprise; (2) a concise yet thorough, well-illustrated discussion of the general geology of North Dakota through time, written for the layperson; (3) a section on the Missouri River that includes a discussion of the pre-glacial drainage system and the changes that glacial advances and retreats …

The health of the country: how American settlers understood themselves and their land

In this vivid history of American western expansion, Conevery Bolton Valencius captures the excitement, romanticism, and confusion of the frontier experience as well as another, less renowned reality of settling: how terrifying the untamed wilderness of the West was to its homesteaders. In a time when good health was thought to involve perfectly balanced humours, settlers thought that the wild extremes of the borderlands disrupted the delicate equilibrium of their bodies. Valencius is the first historian to show that the settlers' primary criterion for uncharted land was its perceived health or sickliness. This is a beautifully written, fresh account of the gritty details of American expansion, animated by the voices of the settlers themselves.