This work investigates the iterative learning resilient consensus of uncertain nonlinear high-order multi-agent systems (MASs) against false data injection (FDI) attacks. First, in order to reduce the impact of FDI attacks on the nonlinear MASs, a novel coordinate transformation technique is proposed, which is composed of the states after being attacked, and the Nussbaum gain technique is adopted to address the problem of unknown attack gains resulting from FDI attacks. Then, by employing compromised state variables, a fuzzy adaptive iterative learning resilient control method is presented based on the composite energy function, where unknown nonlinear functions are handled using fuzzy logic systems. The presented approach can guarantee that the outputs of all followers precisely track the leader in a limited time interval while ensuring that all closed-loop signals are bounded. Finally, a numerical simulation is provided to demonstrate the efficacy of the designed control strategy.