Unbounded Power Research Articles

Shape stability of a microbubble in a power–law liquid

The onset of non-spherical oscillations of a microbubble in an unbounded power–law liquid, important for biomedical ultrasound applications, is studied. Two sets of evolution equations are obtained from the equation of motion: a Rayleigh Plesset-type equation for the spherical oscillations and an equation for the non-spherical oscillations. The non-spherical oscillations are modeled using the perturbation method via the Legendre polynomials. Two kinds of instabilities, namely parametric and Rayleigh-Taylor instabilities, are investigated. A higher power–law index causes the damping of the oscillations for both spherical and non-spherical oscillations. The power–law index damping effect depends on the ultrasonic drive frequency. At natural frequency, the amplitude of the perturbations is high compared to the non-resonant cases. At a low consistency index, the damping effect of the power–law index decreases. Unlike Newtonian liquids, the viscosity of power–law liquids is affected by the frequency of the acoustic field, thereby affecting Rayleigh-Taylor instability.

Terahertz unipolar polarimetry by second-harmonic generation in air

Femtosecond laser-based terahertz (THz) sources have gained attention for their potential in various applications. As for any electromagnetic radiation, the wave polarization is a critical parameter, which needs to be under control in a wide class of those applications. However, characterizing the polarization of broadband THz pulses remains challenging due to their limited efficient optics. THz air-biased coherent detection has emerged as a promising candidate. The technique employed is heterodyne detection, utilizing second-harmonic generation induced by THz radiation in laser-induced air plasmas. This approach provides exceptional spectral bandwidth and an unbounded power detection limit, rendering it highly suitable for ultra-broadband and high-power THz sources. It enables a very efficient polarization measurement too. However, recent findings have revealed that the laser-induced air plasma generated in this technique can exhibit birefringence, which in turn adds systematic errors to the polarization-state determination. In this Letter, we propose a simplified approach that utilizes a weak probe beam and avoids high-voltage DC bias-fields. Unlike the terahertz (THz) air-biased coherent detection scheme, our approach yields a unipolar, intensity-proportional signal for second-harmonic generation. The experimental results reported in this Letter show the absence of induced birefringence in air and, hence, demonstrate accurate measurements of the polarization state of ultra-broadband THz pulses. Therefore, our technique may provide valuable results in applications where the polarization state, and not the full electric field waveform, is required for analysis or characterization. Finally, we discuss a possible application of our method to the emergent field of THz singular optics.

Number line estimation patterns and their relationship with mathematical performance

There is ongoing debate regarding what performance on the number line estimation task represents and its role in mathematics learning. The patterns followed by children’s estimates on the number line task could provide insight into this. This study investigates children’s estimation patterns on the number line task and assesses whether mathematics achievement is associated with these estimation patterns. Singaporean children (n = 324, Age M = 6.2 years, Age SD = 0.3 years) in their second year of kindergarten were assessed on the number line task (0-100) and their mathematical performance (Numerical Operations and Mathematical Reasoning subtests from WIAT II). The results show that most children’s number line estimation patterns can be explained by at least one mathematical model (i.e., linear, logarithmic, unbounded power model, one-cycle power model, two-cycle power model). But the findings also highlight the high percentage of participants for which more than one model shows similar support. Children’s mathematical achievement differed based on the models that best explained children’s estimation patterns. Children whose estimation patterns corresponded to a more advanced model tended to show higher mathematical achievement. Limitations of drawing conclusions regarding what performance on the number line task represents based on models that best explain the estimation patterns are discussed.

Thermodynamic Restrictions in Linear Viscoelasticity.

The thermodynamic consistency of linear viscoelastic models is investigated. First, the classical Boltzmann law of stress–strain is considered. The kernel (Boltzmann function) is shown to be consistent only if the half-range sine transform is negative definite. The existence of free-energy functionals is shown to place further restrictions. Next, the Boltzmann function is examined in the unbounded power law form. The consistency is found to hold if the stress functional involves the strain history, not the strain–rate history. The stress is next taken to be given by a fractional order derivative of the strain. In addition to the constitutive equations involving strain–rate histories, finding a free-energy functional, consistent with the second law, seems to be an open problem.

An Argument Against Unbounded Arrest Power: The Expressive Fourth Amendment and Protesting While Black

Protesting is supposed to be revered in our democracy, considered “as American as apple pie” in our nation’s mythology. But the actual experiences of the 2020 racial justice protesters showed that this supposed reverence for political dissent and protest is more akin to American folklore than reality on the streets. The images from those streets depicted police officers clad in riot gear and armed with shields, batons, and “less than” lethal weapons aggressively arresting protesters, often en masse. In the first week of the George Floyd protests, police arrested roughly 10,000 people, and approximately 78 percent of those arrests were for nonviolent misdemeanor offenses or criminal violations. Moreover, troubling figures regarding the racial breakdown of protest-related arrests, along with anecdotes from activists, suggest that just as with routine policing, the experiences of Black and white people differ during protests—even when they protest side by side—with police potentially targeting Black activists for arrest. This Article exposes how police officers’ easy access to a wide arsenal of criminal charges serves to trample on expressive freedoms and explains how a new and clearer understanding of the Fourth Amendment’s application to expressive conduct should curb the police’s seemingly unbounded power to arrest protesters. In Part I of this Article, I revisit and review the roots and rationale of the Expressive Fourth Amendment doctrine, which posits that there is an expressive component to Fourth Amendment protection. In Part II, I discuss the criminal statutes that police often use to make arrests during protests and then focus more narrowly on the arrests in New York City in the early days of the George Floyd demonstrations, including the racial makeup of arrestees. In Part III, I explain how the presiding understanding of the Fourth Amendment places minimal limits on a police officer’s ability to arrest, regardless of an individual’s engagement in expressive political conduct. Thereafter, I describe how the Expressive Fourth Amendment should apply to arrests and serve to curtail an officer’s ability to engage in warrantless arrests of protesters for nonviolent misdemeanors.

East Asian Disorder

In the South China Sea territorial disputes, China has shifted from a delaying strategy characterized by strategic ambiguity to strategic clarity and an increasingly assertive stance. Yet, this power play, asserting sovereignty over a large portion of the South China Sea, has not prompted a decisive push-back from regional states or major powers, raising the question of what kind of norms China will bring to the regional order and indicating the difficulty of building rules-based order in a region characterized by unbounded power politics in a twenty-first-century Hobbesian struggle.

“The unbounded power of eloquence”: John Banville, Joseph Conrad, and Metamodernism

Modernism’s singular allure for contemporary novelists and critics alike raises a number of questions, problems, and interpretative opportunities. What do these shared attachments reveal about the legacies of modernism today? What feelings does modernism inspire, and what values do those feelings imply? Why do contemporary novels invoke modernist writing with such urgency, and

The Place for Prisoners in European Union Law?

In recent years, a territorially unbounded power to imprison individuals within the European Union (EU) has been developing. Such a dynamic has significantly impacted on EU citizenship law, which in turn has been strengthened by basing on residence the conferral of many rights. In this article, I investigate what role prison and prisoners can have in EU law, with specific regard to EU citizenship. In order to answer such a question two scenarios are outlined, which embody the ways in which detention and Union citizenship have intertwined hitherto. Firstly there are intersections between EU-grounded detention and EU citizenship. This group includes actual connections (as is the case of Wolzenburg, Koslowski, Lopes Da Silva and I. B. Court of Justice of the European Union [CJEU]’s decisions), as well as interplays which have not concretized yet (as shown by the Framework Decisions on transfer of prisoners and on probation measures). Secondly, the mutual influence between state-grounded detention and EU citizenship is worth analysing. Recent CJEU cases such as Onuekwere and M. G. demonstrate that detention is capable of significantly affecting the rights provided for by EU citizenship. By reading these two scenarios through the conceptual couple integration/reintegration, I show strengths and weaknesses of the conditions of prisoners as EU citizens.

Towards a Kantian Moral Psychology or the Practical Effects of Self-Predicating Judgements of Sublimity

This essay develops an account of the link between Kant's aesthetics and his ethics. It does so by articulating a Kantian account of moral psychology by way of aesthetic reflective judgements of sublimity. Since judgements of sublimity enrich the picture of a Kantian subject by forcefully revealing the unbounded power of the faculty of reason, I investigate the possibility that judgements of this kind could serve as a basis for moral motivation. The paper first shows how judgements of sublimity help a subject recognize reason's unbounded nature, and proceeds to analyse the practical effects of a subject judging itself sublime. When judgements of sublimity have as their object the unbounded and unsythesizable power of reason, they may thereby serve as the basis for both the recognition of our moral vocation, and the grounds for determining the will to act from respect for it. Since a judgement of sublimity produces for Kant the experience of an enlivening emotion and an outflowing of vital forces, the paper then develops Kant's concept of “life” motivated by a recognition of its practical orientation. In this way sublimity rather than beauty can be interpreted as symbolic hypotyposis of morality. The paper then takes up less favourable interpretations of the practical effects of self-predicated judgements of sublimity, and constructs critical responses to such positions. I conclude, following Adorno, by stressing the historical and social dimension of the capacities for both making sublime judgements, and being morally enlivened by them.

A Point Kinetics Model of the Medical Isotope Production Reactor Including the Effects of Boiling

Previously, a point kinetics model of the Medical Isotope Production Reactor has been presented, which included representations of instantaneous power, delayed neutron precursors, fuel solution temperature, radiolytic gas content, and coolant temperature. This model has been extended to include the effects of a vertically discretized temperature profile with a mixing of heat energy by eddies, boiling, and condensation and an extended model of bubble velocity and radius. It is found that the most striking change to the behavior of the system is caused by the effects of steam, which provides a strong negative feedback that tends to depress average powers in cases where the fuel solution temperature rises above the saturation temperature but can also lead to large, sharp power peaks through steam exiting the system (which can remove a large amount of negative reactivity in a short amount of time). The overall effect, however, does not lead to any unbounded power excursions. Possibilities for further extension of the model include the modeling of the composition of the plenum gas and the modeling of global pressure and its effects.

Attainment of parapsychological abilities through activation of brow chakra: An exploratory study

It is well known that human mind possess unbounded power. It has numerous extrasensory potentials like precognition, psychokinesis, extrasensory perception etc. According to Sriram Sharma Acharya, human mind is indeed a miracle of consciousness that can visualize and traverse anywhere in the infinite expansion of the cosmos in nanoseconds. It can acquire unlimited knowledge and is endowed with super natural potentials. In this study, it is theorized that supernatural powers of the mind can be attained by activating some extrasensory centers of human body with the help of some yogic exercises such as meditation and sadhanas. According to yogic texts, Agya Chakra referred as the ‘third eye’ or the ‘sixth sense’. The yoga shastras describe the position of the Agya Chakra in the inner core of the brain deep behind the bhru-madhya (center between the two eyebrows). The view of the expert of yoga, clairvoyance, telepathy, extra-terrestrial communication etc. can be bestowed by the activation of agya chakra. The exponents of dhyan-yoga regard Agya Chakra as the core of self-realization and the centre for the linkage of individual consciousness with the omnipresent supreme-consciousness. Indian rishi-munis who, by has deep contemplation of yogic sadhanas, they had awakened the supernormal powers of their mind and become the masters of many ridhi-siddhis. In this paper, researchers have made an effort to explore the techniques that one could attain the superhuman siddhis from the dedicated yoga sadhanas through activation of agya chakra, these sages of yore had done.

In the “Light Out of the East”: Emerson on Self, Subjectivity, and Creativity

In “Experience” Emerson announces his readiness “to die out of nature, and be born again into this new yet unapproachable America I have found in the West” (CW 3:41). Whatever personal manifest destiny the passage expresses, it arises from Emerson’s deep affinity for Eastern philosophy. The inscription in Emerson’s notebook “Orientalist” is “Ex oriente lux,” or “Light out of the east” (1993, 39), and, as Ronald Bosco notes in his introduction to the notebook, Emerson believed that the light of the East “has the power both to nourish otherwise impoverished individuals and nations and to transmute . . . the crime of materialism into wisdom” (1993, 14). His west is far to the east in “the sunbright Mecca of the desert,” not Huckleberry Finn’s territory, the pioneer’s prairie, or the miner’s rocky west, and unlike miners, settlers, land speculators, governments, and most Western philosophers, he does “not make” or stake a claim; he “arrive[s] there, and behold[s] what was there already” (CW 3:41). Emerson’s approach to the west entails the death or disappearance of “all mean egotism” (CW 1:10) and the open flexibility of a Zen practitioner’s mind. The grand sense of entitlement and the mission of proliferation that sent most European Americans west are quite foreign to Emerson’s acknowledgment and receptivity. All a miner knows is by penetration into the earth; all

Slow motion of a sphere towards a plane through confined non-Newtonian fluid

The time needed for the contact of two spheres or a sphere with a rigid plane is mainly controlled by the hydrodynamic drainage of the film located in the gap as long as its thickness is out of range of the Van der Waals interactions. In fact, this time controls the dynamics of aggregation of concentrated dispersions. This fundamental problem has an exact solution in Newtonian fluid which has been used to confirm the validity of the numerical dynamic mesh method employed in this geometrically unsteady problem. Following this validation, we applied it to calculate the correction factor of the drag undergone by a sphere approaching a plane, at constant Reynolds number, in a cylindrical tube filled with a non-Newtonian fluid having negligible viscoelastic component and roughly behaving as a power-law fluid. After a justification for using this useful model, we studied the influence of the lateral confinement on the frontal correction factor of the drag. In the lubrication limit, we recall the asymptotic solution of Rodin to this problem in lateral unbounded power law fluid. The comparison of both asymptotical and numerical results confirms their validity. The results obtained in this study may find an application to Dynamic Surface Force Apparatus for nanorheology.

A sense of proportion: commentary on Opfer, Siegler and Young

Developmental ScienceVolume 14, Issue 5 p. 1205-1206 COMMENTARY A sense of proportion: commentary on Opfer, Siegler and Young Hilary Barth, Hilary Barth Psychology Department, Wesleyan University, USASearch for more papers by this authorEmily Slusser, Emily Slusser Psychology Department, Wesleyan University, USASearch for more papers by this authorDale Cohen, Dale Cohen Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina at Wilmington, USASearch for more papers by this authorAnnie Paladino, Annie Paladino Psychology Department, Wesleyan University, USA WestEd, San Francisco, USASearch for more papers by this author Hilary Barth, Hilary Barth Psychology Department, Wesleyan University, USASearch for more papers by this authorEmily Slusser, Emily Slusser Psychology Department, Wesleyan University, USASearch for more papers by this authorDale Cohen, Dale Cohen Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina at Wilmington, USASearch for more papers by this authorAnnie Paladino, Annie Paladino Psychology Department, Wesleyan University, USA WestEd, San Francisco, USASearch for more papers by this author First published: 02 August 2011 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7687.2011.01081.xCitations: 23 Hilary Barth, Psychology Department, Wesleyan University, 207 High St, Middletown CT 06459, USA; e-mail: hbarth@wesleyan.edu Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article.Citing Literature Volume14, Issue5September 2011Pages 1205-1206 RelatedInformation

Power transmission through an unbounded elastic plate using a finite piezoelectric actuator and a finite piezoelectric power harvester

Recently thickness vibrations of an unbounded elastic plate with an unbounded piezoelectric actuator and an unbounded piezoelectric power harvester have been studied for power transmission through an elastic wall with various potential applications. In this paper we analyze the more realistic geometric configuration of a structure with finite piezoelectric transducers on unbounded plates operating with slowly varying thickness modes via the first-order lamination theory for plates. In addition to the output voltage and transmitted power, confinement and localization of the vibration energy is also studied which is of practical importance and can only be understood from analyzing vibrations of finite transducers.

Semiclassical instability of the Cauchy horizon in self-similar collapse

Generic spherically symmetric self-similar collapse results in strong naked-singularity formation. In this paper we are concerned with particle creation during naked-singularity formation in spherically symmetric self-similar collapse without specifying the collapsing matter. In the generic case, the power of particle emission is found to be proportional to the inverse square of the remaining time to the Cauchy horizon (CH). The constant of proportion can be arbitrarily large in the limit of a marginally naked singularity. Therefore, the unbounded power is especially striking in the case in which an event horizon is very close to the CH, because the emitted energy can be arbitrarily large in spite of the cutoff expected from quantum gravity. The above results suggest the instability of the CH in spherically symmetric self-similar spacetime from quantum field theory and seem to support the existence of a semiclassical cosmic censor. The divergence of redshifts and blueshifts of emitted particles is found to cause the divergence of power to positive or negative infinity, depending on the coupling manner of the scalar fields to gravity. On the other hand, it is found that there is a special class of self-similar spacetimes in which the semiclassical instability of the CH is not efficient. The analyses in this paper are based on the geometric optics approximation, which is justified in two dimensions but needs justification in four dimensions.

Empire, by Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2000); Empire: The Rise and Demise of the British World Order and the Lessons for Global Power, by Niall Ferguson (London: Allen Lane, 2002; New York: Basic Books, 2003); Empire: How Spain Became a World Power 1492–1763, by Henry Kamen (London: Penguin, 2002; New York: Harper Collins, 2003); Empire:

Four books with one title—Empire—are the subject of this essay.Simply including the plural would have extended the list still further: see Susan E. Alcock, Terence N. D'Altroy, Kathleen D. Morrison, and Carla M. Sinopoli, eds., Empires (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001); Michael Doyle, Empires (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1986). I am grateful to Jane Burbank, Antonio Feros, and Molly Nolan for comments on a previous draft of this article. All were published within the past few years, and the interest they have generated reveals a widespread concern with the exercise of power on a vast scale, beyond the limits of national or continental boundaries. Yet the contemporary use of the word “empire” as a metaphor for unbounded power sits uneasily with scholarship on actual historical empires. Many historians have been trying to show that the long-term survival of empires depended on their rulers limiting their transformative ambitions even as they extended their power. The new interest in empires is nonetheless valuable because it suggests that scholars and intellectuals are emerging from their obsession with the nation-state, seen as the inevitable outcome of a movement from empire to nation, and as the political form characteristic of the “modern” era, which some scholars think is now giving way to new forms of global connections. Empire is being discovered in the past, in the present, and in the future.

The energy of hatred and the relationship to violence*

This paper examines the nature of the energy of hatred ‐ in particular, its relentless, inveterate force, its intense and unbounded power. Hatred by definition is extreme ill feeling. It is a violent hostility, an enmity that carries enormous vigour and force. It is an animosity that violates; a loathing, a detestation, an abhorrence. There is nothing neutral or static about hate. The meanings of the word carry such determination ‐ to attack and destroy, to abominate or, as in detesting, to ‘threaten to bring to an end’. The overwhelming impetus is to do something strongly, unequivocally, and not to let matters be.

Analog computation via neural networks

We pursue a particular approach to analog computation, based on dynamical systems of the type used in neural networks research. Our systems have a fixed structure, invariant in time, corresponding to an unchanging number of “neurons”. If allowed exponential time for computation, they turn out to have unbounded power. However, under polynomial-time constraints there are limits on their capabilities, though being more powerful than Turing machines. (A similar but more restricted model was shown to be polynomial-time equivalent to classical digital computation in the previous work (Siegelmann and Sontag, 1992).) Moreover, there is a precise correspondence between nets and standard nonuniform circuits with equivalent resources, and as a consequence one has lower bound constraints on what they can compute. This relationship is perhaps surprising since our analog devices do not change in any manner with input size. We note that these networks are not likely to solve polynomially NP-hard problems, as the equality “ p= np” in our model implies the almost complete collapse of the standard polynomial hierarchy. In contrast to classical computational models, the models studied here exhibit at least some robustness with respect to noise and implementation errors.

HOME IS WHERE THE HEART IS: REFLECTIONS ON SOCIAL DEMOCRACY & NATIONALISM IN THE COMMON EUROPEAN HOME

That Assembly, since the destruction of the orders, has no fundamental law, no strict convention, no respected usage to restrain it…‘fools rush in where angels fear to tread’. In such a state of unbounded power for undefined and undefinable purposes, the evil of a moral and almost physical inaptitude of the man to the function must be the greatest we can conceive to happen in the management of human affairs.2