Unbalanced Work Research Articles

Perbaikan Keseimbangan Lintasan Lini Produksi Dengan Metode Ranked Positional Weight (RPW) untuk Meningkatkan Efisiensi

XYZ is an electronics company that requires an efficient and timely production process to meet market demand. One way to increase production efficiency is to improve the production line. Currently the company is faced with production problems, namely the existence of unbalanced work groups which have a balance loss value of up to 61%. Therefore, this study tries to solve these problems using the RPW method. The RPW (Ranked Positional Weight) method is a track balancing method by establishing a work station based on the weight of each operation. Where the highest weight becomes the first order in the formation of work stations. From the results of calculations using the RPW, the number of work activity groupings is less, namely as many as 10 work stations. The work station generated using the RPW method has a track efficiency level of 96% with a balance delay value of 4%. This means that the grouping of proposed work activities has a more efficient trajectory balance than the previous grouping of work activities..

Line Balancing Method As An Effort To Improve Cable Production In Pt Kmi Wire And Cable Production Management

Write Line Inner Sheating at PT. KMI Wire and Cable has idle time due to processing time on Unbalanced work stations sometimes cause stop lines. Fromcalculations it is known that the cycle time gap / cycle time obtained is as big as 109.2 seconds and the figure is taken based on the biggest time from 6 stations existing work. The author intends to examine the causes of its occurrence processing time delays that occur on the Inner Sheating line and deliver give suggestions for future improvements. This research uses line balancing method and production system layouts. Among them is looking for the cycle time at the 6 largest stations as a reference in determining the next calculation, calculating the company's capacity, determining the efficiency of the machine, calculating the number of machines, adding the number of machines and additional floor area. Data is taken from field observations and records. The author uses two methods, namely the line balancing method and the system method production layout. he line balancing method and production layout system that has been carried out can be causing it to be able to meet market demand of 17,688 coils / month with the addition of machines / work stations, the required floor area is 14 m² with details, 7 m² at the Inner Sheat workstation and 7m² at the Outer Sheat station.

Smart workload input-output control of production systems: A proof of concept

Workload control (WLC) relies on order release (input control) and capacity adjustments (output control) to regulate manufacturing throughput times. Research concerning integrated input-output control is very scarce. A novel approach is proposed: a closed-loop integrated model, where automatic feedback control is added and where order release and capacity decisions are a continuous function of the shop floor current state. In existing models, capacity increments are triggered by a threshold utilisation and have a fixed value, defined by means of experiments. In the proposed approach, these values are dynamically and flexibly defined (by the controller), addressing a gap regarding input-output parameterisation. The model was applied to a shop with unidirectional flow and three control rules were tested in scenarios of unbalanced work in process (WIP) and demand fluctuations. The results showed that the simultaneous input-output control is effective, leading the system to restore WIP balance, reach stability and absorb demand fluctuations, especially when global information is provided to the controller. The results of continuous closed-loop model simulation were integrated into a discrete-event simulation (DES) model, to compare the proposed capacity policies with the policies presented in the literature. The comparison showed that the proposed policies are cost-effective for a reasonable throughput time reduction. Moreover, the closed-loop model provided good parameters for a step-increment capacity policy that minimizes throughput times. Closed-loop control models are responsive and prescriptive, in contrast to DES models used in WLC research, which are descriptive. With this approach, WLC research can benefit from the strengths of both methods.

Meio ambiente do trabalho e os riscos à saúde mental do trabalhador

This article goes through the theme of the work environment and the risks to the worker's mental health, having as a research problem the following question: what are the implications that the unbalanced work environment causes on the employee's psychic health? In order to continue the investigation, the scientific books/articles from Maranhão (2016) and Baruki (2015) were used as theoretical references. This is a qualitative research, using the deductive method. Thus, the results found demonstrate the need for inspection and implementation of alternatives and measures that provide better working conditions. Therefore, it is necessary that there is collaboration on the part of employers, given that the health and dignity of the worker are constitutional rights, which must be respected, in order to guarantee a balanced work environment.

TAGUCI LOSE FUNCTION PADA UJI BEDA PROSES HARDBAIT PERBAIKAN SPRAY PAINTING

The more detailed the manufacturing process, the more consistent operations will be with the hope of producingbetter products according to their characteristics. The problems found by the researchers were the high rejects inthe form of uneven colors, poor color resistance of harbait, unbalanced working baits and imperfect dimensionsand shapes of harbait. This study uses the Taguchi method by showing which parts do not work optimally bypaying attention to the quality that deviates from the target value so that it can reduce costs and resources to aminimum. The Taguchi methodologywas carried out basedon the Taguchi experimental plan, in addition tousing the different paired sample t-test to determine the difference before and after improvement. The samplingtechniqueused was purposingsampling technique. Data weretakenwithcertaincriteria, specifically for hardbaidproducts, for a certain period of 35time at 07:00 WIB on the first shift of the spray painting department worker.Analysis by calculating the value of loss in qualitywithout having to update a quality function according to itscharacteristics. The product quality loss function is carried out using the Taguchi Loss calculation. Cases afterrepairs earned Rp. 11,927,00/pcs. So thedifference between the average increase beforeand after is Rp 5,389/Psc.In the paired sample t test, there are differences before and after repair. Furthermore, a relationship test will becarried out by looking at the results of the correlation paired output resulting in no relationship beforeand aftertherepair.Meanwhile,identificationofcausesandeffectsofdecreasedproductivityusingFishbonediagrams.

Three-Level SOC Equalization Control Strategy for MMC-BESS Based on Feedforward Sliding Window Integral Method

The modular multilevel converter of the battery energy storage system (MMC-BESS) not only is suitable for the large-scale energy storage and dispatching of AC and DC grids, but also has a strong ability to suppress power fluctuations caused by the new energy output or grid failures. When an asymmetric voltage or a sudden change in DC load occurs in the AC grid, in order to compensate for the power difference between AC and DC sides, the energy storage submodule of the MMC-BESS will have a large unbalanced charging and discharging current, destroying the equalization state of SOC and seriously affecting energy storage capacity utilization and battery service life. In order to deal with the above problems, in this paper, the characteristics of the power difference between the MMC-BESS phase unit and the upper and lower bridge arms are analyzed. It is found that when considering the fluctuation of the submodule capacitor voltage, the phase unit power has the fundamental frequency AC circulating current component, and the power difference between the upper and lower bridge arms has the DC circulating current component. Therefore, the three-level SOC equalization correction control strategy is proposed based on interphase, upper and lower bridge arms, and submodules, and the feedforward sliding window integral method is introduced into the SOC equalization correction control layer of upper and lower bridge arms, so as to achieve the purpose of more balanced and accurate power distribution among phases and among upper and lower bridge arms of each phase. The simulation results show that the MMC-BESS has effective compensation ability when there is a large power difference in the AC and DC power grid. Under the unbalanced working conditions of the three-phase power grid, the three-phase AC current can quickly reach equalization, and the total harmonic content is 1.38%, and the unbalance degree is 2.4%. Under the same operating conditions, compared with the traditional optimal one-third average method, the SOC equalization correction control strategy proposed in this paper has smaller submodule capacitor voltage fluctuation rate, harmonic distortion rate, and three-phase system circulating current. And the SOC of each phase has a faster equalization convergence speed.

Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Pekerja Rumah Tangga Sebagai Korban Tindak Kekerasan

Unbalanced work relations between domestic workers and employers make domestic workers vulnerable to being victims of violence. The existence of Law Number 13 of 2003 concerning Manpower is expected to be the legal umbrella for the protection of workers, including domestic workers. The purpose of this study is to examine the position of domestic workers in Law Number 13 of 2003 concerning Manpower and legal protection for acts of violence committed against domestic workers. The research method uses normative legal research by examining primary and secondary legal sources and analyzing the use of the syllogism method and interpretation method using deductive thinking patterns. The results of this study indicate that the position of domestic workers in Law Number 13 of 2003 concerning Manpower is very weak because the law does not adequately provide protection to domestic workers if one day there is a dispute between domestic workers, one of which is in the form of disputes due to acts of violence. violence against domestic workers. This is because domestic workers are not included in the labor protected by the law. As for the protection of domestic workers from acts of violence has been provided by the Criminal Code and Law Number 23 of 2004 concerning the Elimination of Domestic Violence.

Gray Image and Colour Image Security using AES Algorithm

For picture security and confirmation we utilize cryptographic. In cryptographic we scramble the information. There are various symmetric and deviated encryption procedures, which are used for encryption and unscrambling reason. Symmetric encryption approach work on ordinary key (same key utilized for encryption and unscrambling reason), but unbalanced work on with one public key and private key. Public key utilized for encryption and private key for unscrambling. The security of the stowing away is measure utilizing the MSE, PSNR, Cross-Correlation and Entropy limits. For better stowing away get the low MSE and high PSNR respects. So to make the rapid reaction we need calculation which requires some speculation and give reaction quick. From this point forward additionally take apart the time reaction of purposed assessments to additionally foster security and expedient response.

Development of Matching Modeling for Human Resource Allocation of Shelter Management by the Set Theory

The purpose of this study is to develop a support system for planning human resource allocation of shelter management by modeling the matching between the shelter and the staff on the basis of the set theory approach to enable sufficient days off, reduce long work hours, and consideration for appropriate rotation without causing the mental and physical deterioration of the shelter management staff. Using this matching model, a basic study was conducted to determine the appropriate human resource allocation to manage the shelter with a small number of staff members, free from unbalanced work days. The study results elucidate the relationship between the number of possible consecutive work days and that of required consecutive days off. In addition, the human resource allocations with experience in shelter management and the setting method of days off were modeled and their results are presented in this study.

A Survey on the Noncooperative Environment in Smart Nodes-Based Ad Hoc Networks: Motivations and Solutions

In ad hoc networks, the communication is usually made through multiple hops by establishing an environment of cooperation and coordination among self-operated nodes. Such nodes typically operate with a set of finite and scarce energy, processing, bandwidth, and storage resources. Due to the cooperative environment in such networks, nodes may consume additional resources by giving relaying services to other nodes. This aspect in such networks coined the situation of noncooperative behavior by some or all the nodes. Moreover, nodes sometimes do not cooperate with others due to their social likeness or their mobility. Noncooperative or selfish nodes can last for a longer time by preserving their resources for their own operations. However, such nodes can degrade the network's overall performance in terms of lower data gathering and information exchange rates, unbalanced work distribution, and higher end-to-end delays. This work surveys the main roots for motivating nodes to adapt selfish behavior and the solutions for handling such nodes. Different schemes are introduced to handle selfish nodes in wireless ad hoc networks. Various types of routing techniques have been introduced to target different types of ad hoc networks having support for keeping misbehaving or selfish nodes. The major solutions for such scenarios can be trust-, punishment-, and stimulation-based mechanisms. Some key protocols are simulated and analyzed for getting their performance metrics to compare their effectiveness.

Phase and Neutral Current Ripple Analysis in Three-Phase Four-Wire Split-Capacitor Grid Converter for EV Chargers

The current switching ripple in a three-phase four-wire split-capacitor converter is analyzed in this paper for all the four ac output wires in relation to both balanced and unbalanced working conditions. Specifically, analytical formulations of the peak-to-peak and root mean square (RMS) current ripples are originally evaluated as a function of the modulation index, separately for the three phases and the neutral wire. Initially, the single-carrier sinusoidal pulse width modulation (PWM) technique is outlined, as it generally concerns a straightforward and effective modulation. With the aim of mitigating the current ripple in the neutral wire, the interleaved multiple-carrier PWM strategy is adopted, also avoiding any repercussion on the phase one. Numerical simulations and experimental tests were carried out to verify all the analytical developments.

Peningkatan Effisiensi Tenaga Kerja pada Lintasan Assy Wheel dengan Metode Line Balancing Ranked Positional Weight

<em>In the production of motorcycles at PT XYZ, there are various manufacturing processes and one of them is the Assy Wheel process. The Assy Wheel process for the K93X type performed on PT XYZ has a fairly low track efficiency. This happens because there are some unbalanced work stations where the conditions are quite detrimental to the company, so they need to be minimized or eliminated. One way to minimize unbalanced work stations is by balancing work tracks with the RPW (Ranked Positional Weight) method. This method is done by making a precedence diagram, determining the weighting of positions for each work element, sorting work elements by ranking position, placing work elements on a work station, placing the remaining time on an operation in the next sequence at the work station. After the analysis process is carried out on the Assy Wheel Track, there is a work element at the work station that needs to be changed and balanced. Work elements are combined at the next work station so that the track efficiency increases from 74% to 95%, the number of work stations and labor is reduced from four to two</em>

Prediction of DC-Link Voltage Switching Ripple in Three-Phase Four-Leg PWM Inverters

This paper presents a thorough prediction of DC-link voltage switching ripples in the three-phase four-leg inverters operating in balanced and unbalanced working conditions. The unbalanced modes examined here employ the highest degree of AC current imbalance while still preserving three-phase operation. This behavior can be found in many grid-connected or standalone grid-forming three-phase converters that supply “heavy” single-phase loads, comprising a recent trend in smart-grid, smart electric vehicle (EV)-charging applications. In this sense, for instance, the smart EV chargers might be employed in conditions when different power is drawn/injected from/to the grid, providing power conditioning services to the latter. The analysis of three-phase four-leg inverters is then extended to single-phase operations typical of home-charging or vehicle-to-home (V2H) applications. Their performances in terms of DC-link voltage switching ripple are demonstrated. Two of the most common carrier-based PWM modulation techniques are employed to drive the three-phase inverter—namely, sinusoidal PWM and centered PWM (carrier-based analogy of the space vector modulation). The derived mathematical expressions of peak-to-peak and RMS values of DC-link voltage switching ripple for balanced and unbalanced conditions are handy for designing the associated DC-link capacitor and estimating the overall efficiency of the converter. Extensive numerical simulations and experimental tests have been performed to validate the presented analytical developments.

Global Culture Reproduction Through The String Orchestra’ Repertoire (The Role of Brandenburg Concerto III BWV 1084 J.S Bach toward the Skills and the musical Spirit of Strings Ensemble Students at the Pasundan University Music Study Program)

The selection of repertoire on a musical ensemble is quite important, especially in the context of rehearsal in the non-professional string ensemble community. It is very common if there is a diversity of skill levels in each member. Such diversity will usually be a common obstacle when it comes to determining a shared repertoire. An overly difficult repertoire (advance) will be difficult for some members otherwise an easy one will create a bored atmosphere for members who are already proficient. Even the role of unbalanced work will make some members may struggle while others will become bored so that the rehearsal atmosphere is not conducive. The author observed that there is an interesting repertoire that is often used as an ensemble rehearsal material in the bowed string’s formation, namely Brandenburg Concerto no. III BWV 1048 Part III in G Major by Johan Sebastian Bach for 3 violins, 3 violas, 3 cellos and 1 double bass. This work is often used as an alternative work together in the community environment of string orchestras in Bandung, and based on the observation of the author of this work is often used in several workshops and ensemble learning materials, with a relatively balanced role, this complex-sounding work has techniques and finger positions that can still be reached by players in the skill range level 3-5 ABRSM. The authors collected data through observations, interviews and documentation on Unpas Music Study Program students who had played this work. After being described and analyzed, the authors found that this work had a significant role in improving ensemble skills playing in string ensembles that would indirectly also improve their individual skills especially for advanced entry-level string instrument students. Keywords: Brandenburg Concerto III, String Orchestra, Music Ensembles, Baroque, Bach.

AC Current Ripple Harmonic Pollution in Three-Phase Four-Leg Active Front-End AC/DC Converter for On-Board EV Chargers

Three-phase four-leg voltage-source converters have been considered for some recent projects in smart grids and in the automotive industry, projects such as on-board electric vehicles (EVs) chargers, thanks to their built-in ability to handle unbalanced AC currents through the 4th wire (neutral). Although conventional carrier-based modulations (CBMs) and space vector modulations (SVMs) have been commonly applied and extensively studied for three-phase four-leg voltage-source converters, very little has been reported concerning their pollution impact on AC grid in terms of switching ripple currents. This paper introduces a thorough analytical derivation of peak-to-peak and RMS values of the AC current ripple under balanced and unbalanced working conditions, in the case of three-phase four-leg converters with uncoupled AC-link inductors. The proposed mathematical approach covers both phase and neutral currents. All analytical findings have been applied to two industry recognized CBM methods, namely sinusoidal pulse-width modulation (PWM) and centered PWM (equivalent to SVM). The derived equations are effective, simple, and ready-to-use for accurate AC current ripple calculations. At the same time, the proposed equations and diagrams can be successfully adopted to design the conversion system basing on the grid codes in terms of current ripple (or total harmonic distortion (THD)/total demand distortion (TDD)) restrictions, enabling the sizing of AC-link inductors and the determination of the proper switching frequency for the given operating conditions. The analytical developments have been thoroughly verified by numerical simulations in MATLAB/Simulink and by extensive experimental tests.

Achieving Manufacturing Excellence through the Integration of Process Planning Change and Data-driven Simulation

In this paper, a data-driven simulation framework with the integration of process planning change is proposed. It solves the problems of insufficient throughput and unbalanced resource utilization caused by the extremely unbalanced working time, improper resources allocation. Integration with Flexsim using a 3D graphical user interface is designed to meet the needs of complex data management. Experiments were tested, and the results show that the proposed approach combines the real-time rescheduling and quickly changing.

Labor market situation after an episode of sickness absence due to malignant neoplasia. Evidence from a Spanish cohort

BackgroundDue to the progress in screening and cancer treatments, survivor’s prognosis has improved enabling a more likely return to work. However, return to work after a cancer diagnosis may be complex because of an unbalanced health status and work demands relationship that may push them out of the labor market. The aim of this study is to assess the risk of dropping out of the labor market due to unemployment, partial retirement, and permanent disability during the year following an episode due to a malignant neoplasm compared to other non-malignant pathologies.MethodsCohort study of 9699 workers affiliated with the Social Security System in Catalonia, who had a sickness absence episode between 2012 and 2013 due to malignant neoplasm, mental, musculoskeletal disorders, cardiovascular diseases and injuries. Competing risk regression models were applied to assess the risk of dropping out of the labor market, by calculating subhazard ratios (SHR) in both sexes. Models were adjusted for age, occupational category, type of contract, economic activity, annual median salary and duration of the SA episode as potential confounders.ResultsSickness absence due to malignant neoplasia represented 1.7% out of the 9699 episodes included between 2012 and 2013. Although, 80% of individuals continued working in the year following an episode due to malignant neoplasm, women showed a trend towards exiting the labor market because of partial retirement [SHR = 8.4(1.5–45.5)] and permanent disability [SHR = 5.8(1.5–22.9)] compared to non-malignant pathologies. There were no significant differences for unemployment either in women [SHR = 0.4(0.2–0.9)] and in men [SHR = 0.2(0.1–0.6)].ConclusionsAlthough return to work is a common pathway among cancer survivors, partial retirement and permanent disability seem to be potential pathways to exit the labor market among women.

Design and experimental study of a novel air conditioning system using evaporative condenser at a subway station in Beijing, China

Air conditioning system (AC) contributes significantly to the energy consumption of underground metros. In China, most metro stations are designed with water-cooling centralized air conditioning (WC-AC) system, it has been found that several serious problems are brought by this conventional system, such as large space occupying, water leaking, cooling tower noise and low system efficiency. In order to solve these problems, a novel energy-efficient AC system incorporating an independent evaporative condenser (EC) has been proposed and installed at Futong metro station in Beijing, China. A series of pilot measurements were conducted to analyze the cooling performance and energy consumption of this novel EC-AC system. During the testing period, the average refrigeration efficiency of COP, SCOP and ACOP in A and B side is up to 3.8/3.9, 3.4/3.4 and 2.5/2.3. At the same time, some operation problems such as unbalanced working condition have been identified during measurement. The research indicates that such EC-AC system could be a feasible solution to enhance the energy efficiency and reduce the operational costs and carbon emission in metro stations.

Efficiency determination of in-service induction machines using gravitational search optimization

Diverse techniques have been put forth having different levels of accuracy and intrusion for evaluating the efficiency of in-service induction machines. An accurate, least intrusive method for assessing the efficiency with restricted measurements and unbalanced working supplies is needed for in-service induction motors without interrupting the electric drive process in the field. This research paper presents gravitational search optimization (GSO) to determine the induction machine efficiency in balanced/unbalanced power supply conditions. The proposed technique does not need intrusive no-load test. Proposed GSO technique utilizes the theory of Newtonian physics where masses act as agents to attain best values. The performance of proposed GSO technique for estimating the efficiency of induction machine at different load points is verified through simulation and established experimentally. Results indicate that the proposed computational intelligence technique performs better as compared to other computational based techniques like genetic algorithm and cuckoo search algorithm, with greater accuracy.

Joint Audits: Does the Allocation of Audit Work Affect Audit Quality and Audit Fees?

Audit quality and cost consequences of joint audits have been continually discussed, especially since the publication of the European Commission’s Green Paper in 2010. We provide new empirical evidence for the French audit market. We show that a more balanced audit work allocation between the engaged audit firms reduces the audit quality and enhances the audit fees as compared to an unbalanced work allocation. We measure the quality effects following the concept of abnormal accruals and the concept of cosmetic earnings management. As unbalanced joint audits have parallels to single audits, our results have interest to those debating the benefits and costs of joint audits as compared to single audits.