Unauthorized Copying Research Articles

Digital Rights Management (DRM) technologies and legal research: Applications and regulations of encryption, digital watermarking, and copyright protection systems

Abstract. This paper explores the intersection of technology and law in Digital Rights Management (DRM) systems. By examining the application and regulation of encryption technologies, digital watermarking, and comprehensive copyright protection systems, this study provides a detailed understanding of how these technologies prevent unauthorized copying, distribution, and use of digital content. The paper introduces mathematical models to quantify the effectiveness of encryption and watermarking, offering insights into their practical applications and implications for intellectual property law. The comprehensive DRM effectiveness model combines these individual models, accounting for user inconvenience, to provide a holistic view of DRM system performance. Key case studies illustrate the implementation of DRM technologies in various industries, highlighting best practices and regulatory compliance. The study concludes with recommendations for future research and policy development to enhance the effectiveness and legal robustness of DRM technologies. This work contributes to the academic and practical understanding of DRM, offering a framework for optimizing DRM strategies in a dynamic digital landscape.

Problems of copyright protection for gaming content

The article is devoted to a comprehensive study of the current issues of copyright protection of game content in the context of the rapid development of the video game industry. The study examines the peculiarities of legal protection of various elements of video games, including software code, audiovisual components, storylines and characters. It analyses the main challenges faced by developers and publishers in protecting their intellectual property rights, including unauthorised copying, piracy and unlicensed modifications. The author analyses the terminology of the industry, in particular, the concept of ‘video game’ which is widely used in international practice. At the same time, the author establishes that the term ‘computer game’ prevails in the European legal space. This terminological difference reflects regional peculiarities in approaches to classification and legal regulation of interactive entertainment products. Despite certain semantic differences, both terms cover electronic games operating on various digital platforms. With the development of online capabilities, video games have moved far beyond the isolated and closed subculture they once were. Video games now create an interactive virtual community and a thriving business that is part artistic expression, part sporting competition and part mass entertainment. A comprehensive analysis of a wide range of court precedents from different jurisdictions relating to the protection of rights to video content in the field of interactive entertainment was carried out. The study of these court decisions allowed the author to identify the key legal approaches and principles applied in cases of copyright infringement of video game elements. It is found that the differences between video games and other intellectual property objects have led to difficulties in determining the legal regime most appropriate to their specifics. Video games include a variety of constituent elements, many of which are eligible for legal protection. The growing involvement of video games in civilian circulation has given rise to the urgent problem of copyright protection for game content.

Software Piracy Protection

ABSTRACT : Software piracy has been major issue for software industries. Piracy has become so prevalent over the Internet that poses a major threat to software product companies. With the help of malicious codes and programs, hackers or an intruder can gain access to Software the system and steal the information. Piracy by users is generally believed to harm both software firms(through lower profits) and buying customers (through higher prices).This project is intended to maintain software piracy protection and assures that it is being accessed only by the authenticated users . Software piracy continues to be a significant challenge for developers, with billions of dollars lost annually due to unauthorized distribution and use of copyrighted software. This abstract proposes a comprehensive overview of strategies and innovations aimed at combating software piracy and safeguarding intellectual property rights. The abstract begins by delineating the various forms of software piracy prevalent in today’s digital landscape, including illegal downloads, counterfeit distribution, and unauthorized copying. It highlights the economic ramifications for developers, ranging from revenue loss to diminished innovation incentives. Subsequently, the abstract surveys existing piracy protection measures, such as license key activation, digital rights management (DRM) systems, and encryption techniques. While effective to a certain extent, these traditional methods often face circumvention by sophisticated hackers and crackers. KEYWORDS : Software Piracy, Anti-piracy measures, Piracy prevention, Intellectual property protection, Licence management, Encryption

Software Protection

ABSTRACT : Software piracy has been major issue for software industries. Piracy has become so prevalent over the Internet that poses a major threat to software product companies. With the help of malicious codes and programs, hackers or an intruder can gain access to Software the system and steal the information. Piracy by users is generally believed to harm both software firms(through lower profits) and buying customers (through higher prices).This project is intended to maintain software piracy protection and assures that it is being accessed only by the authenticated users . Software piracy continues to be a significant challenge for developers, with billions of dollars lost annually due to unauthorized distribution and use of copyrighted software. This abstract proposes a comprehensive overview of strategies and innovations aimed at combating software piracy and safeguarding intellectual property rights. The abstract begins by delineating the various forms of software piracy prevalent in today’s digital landscape, including illegal downloads, counterfeit distribution, and unauthorized copying. It highlights the economic ramifications for developers, ranging from revenue loss to diminished innovation incentives. Subsequently, the abstract surveys existing piracy protection measures, such as license key activation, digital rights management (DRM) systems, and encryption techniques. While effective to a certain extent, these traditional methods often face circumvention by sophisticated hackers and crackers. KEYWORDS : Software Piracy, Anti-piracy measures, Piracy prevention, Intellectual property protection

Internet “piracy” and book sales: a field experiment

AbstractThe widespread Internet “piracy” continues to fuel the debate about business models impervious to copyright infringement. We studied the displacement effects of “piracy” on sales in the book industry. We conducted a year-long large-scale field experiment: in the treatment group, we removed unauthorised copies appearing on the Internet and observed the sales data, whereas in the control group, we simply observed sales. We were able to substantially curb the unauthorised distribution, which resulted in a small, positive effect on sales. While using classical analysis we found it not to be significantly different from zero, a Bayesian approach using previous “piracy” studies to generate a prior led to the conclusion that protecting from piracy resulted in a significant sales boost of about 9 per cent.

Artwork Traceability and Anti-Counterfeiting Model Based on Block Chain Technology

The Chinese art market fostered the advancement of culture and spirituality. Nevertheless, false and counterfeit artwork is not uncommon. The art technology and security introduce the innovative method to determine Artwork Traceability and Anti-Counterfeiting. The aim of the work is to prevent the creation and circulation of fake or unauthorized copies of artworks. Because of the cryptographic security and immutability of block chains, it would be challenging to falsify artwork records or make accurate duplicates. This would foster confidence in the art market and shield collectors and artists from monetary losses and harm to their reputations. The data on mobile Application Data Center (ADC) platform and the cleansing the data using sub-aperture keystone transform matched filtering (SAKTMF) and the preprocessed data is fed into the Hierarchically Gated Recurrent Neural Network (HGRNN) classify the art work and Anti-Counterfeiting. The Bald Eagle Search Optimization (BES) Algorithm is used to optimize the weight parameter of HGRNN. The proposed model is implemented in MATLAB/ Simulink platform and the accuracy is compared to various existing approaches such as Dual-Branch Multi-Scale Feature Fusion network (DMF-Net), Region Convolutional Neural Network (R-CNN) and practical Byzantine fault tolerance (PBFT) algorithm. The gained results of the proposed HGRNN-BES method attains higher accuracy 97%, 96%, and 99%, higher precision 98%, 99%, and 97%.

Crypto Watermarking in Multimedia Transmission

Abstract: Multimedia information is critical of examining, information perceived, and which are illustrated by the human cerebrum. A Crypto-watermarking approach reserves more popularity in certain important fields like medical, military, and law enforcement. This paper discusses detailed the importance of crypto-watermarking techniques and strategies used to improve information security. The main objectives of developing this crypto-watermarking application are that it can provide the user with the security of data. Also, these techniques aim to protect the Multimedia Contents aim to restrict the avoid unauthorized copies of digital documents. Payload and minimize the bit error rate are the parameters that are in line with these techniques.

Use of Non-Fungible Tokens for proof of ownership and originality of simulation model in logistics

A Non-Fungible Token (NFT) is a digital asset that is proof of ownership and originality in the digital world. It is generally a unique data unit that can be created from a digital file. But it is not just any digital file; it must be audio, video, image, or photo. This fact is mainly limiting. However, there are many other digital files for which the connection with NFT and blockchain technology would make sense. Such digital files include, among other things, various simulation models. With the development of the use of simulation models for the needs of managing multiple types of logistics processes daily, the questions of how to prevent the unauthorised copying of any simulation model and protect the copyright of its authors are coming to the fore. NFT and blockchain represent a robust technology whose possibilities of use are gradually expanding, while simulation models could be one area of their application. The paper presents the result of research that will enable the implementation of NFT and blockchain technology in simulation models. The research outcome confirmed the possibility of creating an NFT through the decentralised public blockchain XRP Ledger (XRPL) and the marketplace xrp. cafe, which can be used to verify the ownership and originality of the simulation model.

Cryptography and DRM: A study of digital copyright protection in the gaming industry

This paper explores the role of cryptography and encryption technology in developing digital rights management (DRM) in the gaming industry. DRM aims to protect the rights of creators by preventing unauthorized copying and distribution of digital media. Cryptography plays a crucial role in DRM, ensuring the privacy, authenticity, and integrity of data. The early stages of game DRM involved physical disc methods, such as unique disc characteristics and online activation. However, these methods faced challenges such as compatibility issues and unauthorized copying. Modern DRM technologies combine advanced encryption techniques with account-binding mechanisms, requiring users to activate and access game content on specific accounts. Cryptography plays a key role in DRM by encrypting game data into unreadable formats, ensuring that only users with valid decryption keys can access the content, and ensuring secure distribution and consumption of digital content. The paper also discusses third-party DRM technologies, such as Denuvo, which employ strong encryption and obfuscation methods. However, third-party DRM may impact performance, inconvenience users, and lead to compatibility issues. The paper emphasizes the necessity of continually refining DRM technologies to balance copyright protection and consumer rights in the evolving gaming industry.

DIGITAL RIGHT MANAGEMENT: SAFEGUARDING COPYRIGHT IN THE CYBER ERA

Copyright infringement is commonly perceived as a private economic transgression, typically addressed through private legal actions and remedies. The advent of digitalization, encompassing copyrighted works such as text, music, and video, has enhanced unauthorized reproduction. The ubiquity of the Internet enables infringers to replicate thousands of copyrighted works at minimal cost.
 This article outlines the methodologies of digital rights management (DRM), clarifying its protective mechanisms and highlighting the adverse consequences associated with DRM implementation. As a technological framework, DRM is specifically engineered to prevent unauthorized copying of digital content. It assumes a pivotal role in safeguarding content exchanges within the digital landscape, thereby minimizing copyright infringement and plagiarism. The paper further explains potential future trends in copyright protection and the evolving landscape of DRM.

An Unauthorized Renaissance? An Analysis of Artists’ Claims for Copyright Infringement Against AI Generated Art and Possible Defenses

AI currently presents a novel issue in terms of copyright infringement, specifically AI generated art. Recently, a group of artists filed a class action lawsuit against several AI generated art companies. This comment evaluates the potential avenues the court may take. The artists allege these AI generated art companies directly infringed on their copyrighted works by making unauthorized copies of copyrighted works which they used to train their machine learning programs. A determination on whether AI generated art constitutes copyright infringement has not been made by the courts before. To bring a successful copyright infringement claim, a party must show proof of a valid copyright and actual infringement. Copying is considered an infringing act. There is currently a circuit split on whether downloading a copyrighted work constitutes copying. Should the court in the instant lawsuit follow the Seventh, Ninth, and D.C. Circuits, downloading unauthorized copies of copyrighted work to train machine learning programs would be copyright infringement. This comment evaluates a potential fair use defense the AI generated art companies may pursue and its viability. Lastly, the court may take into account policy considerations regarding innovation being stifled by AI generated art and unfair competition.

Optimal location using genetic algorithms for chaotic image steganography technique based on discrete framelet transform

The development of network technology and its use have led society into the internet world and communication through digital data. The ease of access to digital resources and the possibility of unauthorized copies and distribution of them have gave rise to the significant challenge of protecting the ownership of these data. In this context, steganography is cited as a possible solution to some of these problems. Steganography can be understood as the practice of hiding secret information within another object, as for instance a text, image or video, such that the presence of this hidden information is not evident and it can be extracted if necessary. In this paper we provide an image steganography algorithm in order to insert a grayscale secret image into a RGB color cover image. This algorithm is based on a general hybrid chaos map and a 3D shift function applied to the pixels of a color image. In order to select suitable hiding places in the host image, we develop a genetic algorithm with permutation encoding aiming to optimize this task. We demonstrate empirically the effectiveness of the proposed method from various perspectives, including transparency, security, and resistance.

Prevalence and Causes of Software Piracy among Tertiary Students in Ghana

In the era of the Knowledge Economy, Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) have become a crucial aspect of the twenty-first-century environment. Software piracy, characterized by the unauthorized copying, downloading, sharing, selling, or installation of copyrighted software, remains a serious problem worldwide, and Ghana is no exception. Various forms of software piracy, such as software lifting, hard disk loading, counterfeiting, and unauthorized renting, are prevalent in the country, leading to negative economic consequences. These consequences include distorted competition, loss of tax revenue and jobs due to the absence of a legitimate market, and increased costs for recovery. The impact of software piracy affects the social well-being of the Ghanaian citizenry. This research aims to explore the causes and effects of software piracy in Ghana, especially among tertiary students, and proposes potential solutions. A quantitative survey design was used via an online questionnaire to collect data from a sample of 47 students in the tertiary institutions especially public universities in Ghana with backgrounds in IT and are familiar with evolving trends in IT. The findings revealed that software piracy is prevalent in the country as a result of a lack of awareness, poor economic conditions, and weak legal framework and/or enforcement. The study recommends increased public education and awareness, strict enforcement of laws related to software piracy, and the promotion of domestic software development as measures to address the menace.

Copy-Past Culture: Examining the Causes and Solutions to Source Code Plagiarism

In an era marked by the increasing digitization of society, the issue of source code plagiarism has emerged as a persistent concern. This research paper delves into the problem of source code plagiarism within educational settings, exploring its implications, potential remedies, and the associated hurdles in implementing these solutions. Source code plagiarism involves the unauthorized copying of code without proper attribution, and it has been on the rise in educational institutions due to various contributing factors. This paper sheds light on the educational system's pressures, time constraints, lofty expectations, and the allure of quick completion that make source code plagiarism appealing to students. Furthermore, it highlights the lack of understanding among students regarding academic integrity and citation methods, exacerbating the problem. Source code plagiarism not only hampers students' intellectual development and problem-solving skills but also undermines the fairness of assessments, posing grading challenges for educators. Nevertheless, there are several potential solutions. While proactive methods focus on prevention through education and policy, reactive methods employ AI-driven plagiarism detectors for detection. However, these solutions are not without their challenges, such as the issue of false positives in plagiarism detection and the potential adversarial response from students. In conclusion, source code plagiarism is a growing problem in modern society that can not be avoided any longer. Potential solutions to source code plagiarism should be taken into account while considering their withdrawals. Computer science and programming courses should foster a sense of integrity to avoid source code plagiarism and develop new generations of coders for the future.

Traumatology and Orthopedics in the Focus of Intellectual Property

High incidence of injuries, diseases of musculoskeletal system and connective tissue leads to a high demand for modern high-tech materials in the area of orthopedics and traumatology. Development of russian materials is an extremely relevant issue, especially under conditions of restricted supply of foreign products to the Russian Federation. Creation of new products and their subsequent launch to the market require comprehensive protection of unique information about the design, composition or production/manufacturing technology of the product. Analysis of patenting domestic solutions for trauma and orthopedic surgery in the Russian Federation has shown that there are various risks associated with the commercialization of national products. For example, russian developers in a number of cases neglect patent protection of their developments, which puts successful developments at risk of unauthorized copying or claims from other market players. On the other hand, patenting strategy of domestic developers for their products in most cases contains a number of errors, such as narrow bounds of patent protection due to incorrectly drafted patent claims. For example, these can be in formulations that can be easily bypassed in case of commercial interest in the product, preferential patenting of technological processes, lack of comprehensive patent protection of the product. Such patenting errors make the development unattractive for investors and manufacturers, which leads to low commercializability of russian inventions. Thus, russian developers, who have significant scientific potential and competencies to create highly effective national products, do not proceed with technology transfer and cannot bring their promising and in-demand products to the market.

Захист комп’ютерного програмного забезпечення в системі авторського права

Software development in recent decades has demonstrated a pace of change not seen since the Industrial Revolution. Software affects almost every aspect of human life in all parts of the world. From an intellectual property rights perspective, discourse and debate focus not only on how software should be protected, but also on a host of issues that reflect the many aspects that software plays in the digital distribution of creative content. A further issue concerning the concept of “computer program” is whether the images generated on screens as a result of the operation of a program (for example, in the case of video games) may or should be regarded as parts of a “computer program”. It is possible to find certain views according to which an affirmative answer should be given to this question, and such views have been accepted exceptionally even at the level of national legislation, but the dominant opinion, as well as the dominant position under national laws, is that the images generated by a computer program in the form of screen display go beyond the concept of computer programs proper. The concept of “computer program” under Article 4 of the WCT also does not extend to the images generated by computer programs on screens. Until recently, unauthorized copying of software required the physical exchange of floppy disks, CDs, or other hard media. But software piracy has become much easier with the spread of the Internet, becoming faster and cheaper. The Internet allows products to move from computer to computer without transactions on hard media and with little risk of detection. Some piracy schemes may even involve computers without the owner's knowledge. Piracy that once required understanding complex computer codes can now be done with the click of a mouse on peer-to-peer networks, through mail-order and auction sites, newsgroups, or even as simple email attachments. Strong action at the local, national and international levels is needed to counter these dangerous trends.

МАТЕМАТИЧЕСКАЯ МОДЕЛЬ УГРОЗЫ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ ПЕРСОНАЛЬНЫХ ДАННЫХ КАДРОВОГО ОРГАНА ПРЕДПРИЯТИЯ ОПК

The purpose of this article is to substantiate the indicator for evaluating the effectiveness ofmeasures to ensure the security of personal data of the personnel body of an industrial complexenterprise (hereinafter - the defense industry). To build a mathematical model of the probability ofa threat, the methodological apparatus for assessing current threats to information security,formed on the basis of regulatory and methodological documents of the FSTEC of Russia, is used.The article presents the author's interpretation of the main methodological provisions presented inthe documents under consideration in relation to the assessment of threats to the security of personaldata (hereinafter - PD) of the personnel body of the defense industry enterprise. The peculiarityof identifying vulnerabilities of information resources of the personnel body of the defenseindustry enterprise, through which it is possible to implement threats to the security of PD, is theuse of calculation methods that allow to establish the fact of the potential possibility of a threat. odetermine the vulnerabilities of the information resources of the personnel body of the defenseindustry enterprise to the implementation of threats to the security of PD, an expert analysis of theinformation environment of the IP is carried out. As a result, a set is formed, the elements of whichdetermine vulnerabilities. Thus, it is necessary to consider a mathematical model of the probabilisticcharacteristics of the occurrence of a threat to the security of the PD of the personnel body ofthe defense industry enterprise as a product of the probabilities of preventing unauthorized copying,unauthorized modification and blocking access to the information resources of the IS of thepersonnel body of the defense industry enterprise

INTANGIBLE OBJECTS AND PROPERTY LEGISLATION IN THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN

The legal regulation of public relations related to intangible objects in their relationship with the institution of property is very relevant in the context of the digital revolution and the development of information law. In this regard, it is important to make a scientific understanding of the question of what is the modern meaning of intangible property, why a different legal regime should be applied to intangible objects in contrast to property law, to what extent Kazakh legislation reflects the general trends in the development of legislation in this area in developed countries and the international system. The purpose of the article is to analyze the concept of «intangible objects» and related terms in the Kazakh legislation, as well as to study the issues of how information technologies can be the object of civil law relations. The author shows the positions of researchers from different countries regarding approaches to these legal categories. The article reveals the relationship and difference between the legal regulation of tangible and intangible property. It is clarified that in the context of the introduction of digital technologies, intangible objects can be considered as objects of property rights. At the same time, in order for intangible objects to be considered in the system of civil law relations, such a condition is necessary when their transfer to other subjects of law was carried out in the process of property turnover. Conclusions are drawn regarding the underdevelopment of legal protection mechanisms for creators of intangible objects, in particular, authors of electronic books, from unauthorized copying and posting on Internet resources. The conclusions and proposals obtained are of some importance for the development of a scientifically based doctrine of information law, which in turn will affect the improvement of legislation and the effectiveness of the mechanism of legal regulation of the public relations under consideration.

MILITARY-TECHNICAL COOPERATION AS A TOOL OF CHINA'S FOREIGN POLICY

Background. From the moment of its proclamation, the People's Republic of China sought to modernize the armed forces – the People's Liberation Army. The lack of a military-industrial complex was a significant problem, which the Chinese communist leadership has been trying to solve through active military-technical cooperation with international actors. Indeed, the active procurement of weapons allowed the PRC to reach parity or even surpass the US in a number of aspects. Meanwhile, the MTC has turned into not only a mechanism for strengthening national security, but also a tool of foreign policy. Methods. The following methods were used: analytical, historical, statistical, generalization. In the course of the research, the author relied on the principle of objectivism. Results. Solving the problem of the weakness of the technical and technological level of the PLA, China used the geopolitical conjuncture to obtain arms supplies. A key role was played by cooperation first with the USSR, and then with the russian federation. This partnership was associated with the introduction of an embargo by Western countries due to the events in Tiananmen Square. An important factor was also the supply of military equipment from Ukraine. At the same time, in the conditions of a full-scale russian-Ukrainian war, Beijing became an exporter of dual purpose products to russia. Overall, using the factors of unauthorized copying, low price policies and arms sales to sanctioned regimes, Beijing has become one of the world's top five arms exporters. China mainly exports weapons to Asian countries, and has also significantly strengthened its position in the African market. However, quality and service issues are causing more and more questions from buyers. Conclusions. Among the consequences of China's MTC: 1. creation of its own autonomous military industry; 2. obtaining an additional source for financing the modernization of the PLA; 3. significant strengthening of military capabilities in the context of global rivalry with the USA; 4. increased aggressiveness in foreign policy and worsening of relations with neighboring countries and the USA; 5. course on militarization of neighboring Asian countries and strengthening of their cooperation with the USA; 6. creating additional opportunities for strengthening authoritarian regimes through military and technical support and even promoting its aggressiveness towards other countries; 7. fueling bloody wars by non-democratic regimes; 8. obtaining greater access to the minerals of the countries of the Global South and increasing the level of dependence on cooperation with Beijing; 9. strengthening of new arms exporters (such as Pakistan) and weakening of others (russia, USA, Germany).

Analysis and Hardware Architecture on FPGA of a Robust Audio Fingerprinting Method Using SSM

The significant volume of sharing of digital media has recently increased due to the pandemic, raising the number of unauthorized uses of these media, such as emerging unauthorized copies, forgery, the lack of copyright, and electronic fraud, among others. In particular, several applications integrate services or products such as music distribution, content management, audiobooks, streaming, and so on, which require users to demonstrate and guarantee their audio ownership. The use of acoustic fingerprint technology has emerged as a solution that is widely used to secure audio applications. This technique extracts and analyzes certain information that identifies the inherent properties of a partial or complete audio file. In this paper, we introduce two audio fingerprinting hardware architectures with a feature extraction system based on spectrogram saliency maps (SSM) and a brute-force search. The first of these conducts a search in 33 saliency maps of 32 × 32 pixels in size. After analyzing the first algorithm, a second architecture is proposed, in which the saliency map is reduced to 27 × 25 pixels, requiring 75.67% fewer hardware resources, lowering the power consumption by 64.58%, and improving the efficiency by 3.19 times via a throughput reduction of 22.29%.