World Tourism Organization Research Articles

Tourism’s Influence on Economic Growth and Environment in Saudi: Present and Future

Reports from the World Tourism Organization indicate that tourism activity has been increasingly booming; this sector is essential for economic growth and may affect the environment. Tourism is one of the key strategic sectors for planned growth in Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030. This study is designed to evaluate the long-termning association between tourist arrivals, growth domestic product (GDP), and CO2 emissions in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). The data related to these variables were assessed for the period 2010 to 2020. The autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds results revealed that there are long-established relations between tourist arrivals and growth domestic product and tourist arrivals and CO2 emissions. The dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS) and fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS) model outcomes were compatible with the outcomes of the ARDL model. In reference to the Granger causality test, tourist arrivals cause (affect) the GDP. Such a result confirms the conception that tourism encourages economic growth. No causality runs from tourist arrivals towards CO2 accumulation. This result may reflect the governmental effort to reduce CO2 accumulation and/or to perform tourism activities in a sustainable way. The results predicted that the growth rate of tourist arrivals, GDP, and CO2 accumulation equal 0.0023, 0.048, and 0.0169, respectively, during the forecast period (2021–2030), which appeared to be increasing for tourist arrivals and GDP and decreasing for CO2 accumulation. The study recommended that, to increase economic growth, tourist arrivals should be increased alongside performing tourism activities in a sustainable way. These findings point to the benefits of governance in ensuring effective policies to decarbonize the environment, and policy proposals are put forward accordingly.

Analysis of Instagram Content of the United Nations World Tourism Organization (UN Tourism)

Analysis of Instagram Content of the United Nations World Tourism Organization (UN Tourism)

Development of E-Tourism to Achieve Excellence and Sustainable Development in Tourism: Ha’il Region Case Study

E-tourism is one of the most important levers for social and economic development. The World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) has declared 2017 the year of sustainable tourism for development. When relying on sophisticated communication technologies. Certainly, these innovations in the field of this analysis aim to determine the main factors of e-tourism achieving excellence in tourism in the Ha’il region. Tourism has disrupted this sector with new and different dimensions of tourism development. This has led various regions and countries to accelerate the search for the tools necessary to achieve excellence and sustainable development in tourism. This research aims to study the development factors of e-tourism to achieve excellence and sustainable development in the tourism of the Ha’il region. Therefore, the gap in this research is represented by the lack of a comprehensive analysis of the interaction between e-tourism development factors and factors that promote tourism excellence in the Ha’il region to achieve sustainable development. For this reason, we applied two analyses: in the first one, we used a statistical analysis based on the survey sent to 500 employees from tourism companies. This analysis aimed to determine the main factors that influence e-tourism to achieve excellence in tourism in the Ha’il region. The results of the statistical analysis gave us the following elements: There are only four main factors that allow authorities to achieve excellence in tourism in the Ha’il region, namely Supporting Technology (ST), Competition Pressure (CP), Human Resource Skills (HRS), and Socio-Cultural (SC) factors. Then, we proceed with a second analysis to determine the main factors of excellence in tourism that drive the achievement of sustainable development in tourism in the Ha’il region. For this reason, we applied an artificial intelligence method based on the unsupervised machine learning technique. The results obtained from the machine learning technique show that five factors determine the excellence in tourism and reveal the sustainable development of Ha’il’s tourism. These factors are ST, CP, Financial Performance (FP), HRS, and Government Commitment (GC). Consequently, we consider that all the factors found in both analyses are important to realise excellence in tourism and sustainable development in tourism. However, to achieve sustainable development in tourism in Ha’il, Saudi authorities must develop the three common factors found in the two analyses, namely ST, CP, and HRS. Therefore, this study is expected to help introduce ways of excellence in e-tourism by marketing it using artificial intelligence, enabling the development of the tourism sector in an enormous area. It will also contribute significantly to the formulation of plans, policies, and strategies that will largely ensure the development of Ha’il’s tourism sector.

International tourist organizations: legal status, classification, significance

The constant growth of international tourism exchange has led to the need for its legal regulation at the international level and the establishment of various international tourism organizations. The relevance of the study is due to the growing role of international organizations in the development of cooperation in the field of tourism. The study aims to determine the specific features of the functioning of international tourism organizations as subjects of international tourism law. To conduct an objective study, the following methods were used: analysis and synthesis; deduction and induction; structural and logical generalization; and systematization. The article identifies the specific features and peculiarities of international tourism organizations. It is established that international organizations play an important role in the formation and application of international law, both in the process of its formation and in its implementation. International tourism organizations are formed through voluntary accession and participation of tourism sector representatives from different countries, operate continuously by the adopted charters, and have already proven to be an important instrument of international cooperation. The author defines the legal status of international tourism organizations. The author establishes that the most common international tourism structure is an association that brings together national organizations, tourism industry enterprises, and individuals voluntarily to solve specific tasks in the field of tourism. Approaches to the classification of international tourism organizations are generalized. The classification of international tourism organizations by types of activity, spheres of activity, national­territorial basis, and socio-state basis is considered. International tourism organizations are usually divided into the following main groups: global of a general nature; regional of a general nature; regional of a sectoral nature; specialized; and special. The article examines the role of leading international tourism organizations in developing tourism. The United Nations has recognized the leading role of the World Tourism Organization in the field of tourism and travel, assigning it the key responsibility for promoting responsible, sustainable, and accessible tourism, designed to foster economic growth, international understanding, peace, and prosperity, as well as mutual respect and unconditional observance of civil rights and fundamental freedoms.

ВПЛИВ МІЖНАРОДНИХ АСОЦІАЦІЙ ТА ПРОФЕСІЙНИХ СПІЛОК З ОРГАНІЗАЦІЇ ДІЛОВОГО ТУРИЗМУ НА РОЗВИТОК ТУРИСТИЧНОЇ ГАЛУЗІ

The influence of international associations and professional unions on the development of the tourism industry is a key aspect in its modern dynamics. Business tourism, or corporate tourism, is an important component of the tourism industry, which plays a significant role in the global economy and society. International associations and professional unions create a foundation for cooperation and coordination in this field, contributing to the creation of standards, the development of innovations and the improvement of the quality of services. It is noted that one of the key organizations influencing business tourism is the World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), which is the main global body promoting the development and regulation of the tourism industry. It has been studied that the influence of international associations and professional unions on business tourism consists in increasing the competitiveness and efficiency of the industry. They contribute to the development of infrastructure, the creation of new tourism products, the introduction of innovations and ensure the balanced development of the industry in different regions of the world. In addition, they influence the formation and implementation of tourism policies, which contributes to the sustainable development of the sector. It is substantiated that international associations and trade unions play an indispensable role in the development of the tourism industry, in particular in the field of business tourism. Their influence is manifested in the creation of standards, regulation, development of innovations, improvement of the quality of services and support of sustainable growth of the tourism industry. They contribute to the creation of an enabling environment for businesses operating in the industry and help them adapt to changes in the global tourism environment. It was highlighted that international associations and trade unions are actively cooperating with government bodies and other interested parties to resolve significant issues related to business tourism. They can influence the formation and implementation of tourism policies, which contributes to the sustainable growth of the sector and provides a favorable climate for business.

Sustainable city tourism—A systematic analysis of Budapest and Mumbai

International Tourist arrivals, guest nights and their contribution to GDP are key indicators reflecting a country’s actual perception. A growing percentage of tourists prioritize environmental awareness across tourism products and services each year. Destinations aiming to meet the expectations of eco conscious travellers must center sustainability in their branding strategies. This approach aligns with UNWTO (World Tourism Organization of United Nations) Agenda 2030 of sustainable tourism development. This paper examines various dimensions of sustainability in tourism, focusing on Mumbai and Budapest. Using specific sustainability indicators, it employs sustainability city index to compare international tourism in these cities, which face distinct environmental and infrastructural challenges. By using specific sustainability indicators such as: (1) Carbon Emissions: Measurement of the total greenhouse gases produced by the city. (2) Proportion of Green Public Spaces: Evaluation of the percentage of urban areas dedicated to parks and natural spaces. (3) State of Infrastructure: Assessment of the quality and sustainability of urban infrastructure, including transportation systems. (4) Water Usage: Analysis of the amount of water consumed by the city and its conservation practices. (5) Waste Management: Review of the city’s effectiveness in managing and recycling waste. (6) Air Pollution: Monitoring of the levels of pollutants in the air to assess environmental health. This research provides a comprehensive view of how cities can attract environmentally conscious tourists. The findings offer guidance for policy makers and tourism professionals to align strategies with sustainable development goals. This detailed assessment highlights each city’s commitment to sustainability and delivers actionable insights for improving tourism strategies in accordance with global standards. While valuable for tourism professionals, it is important to note that this research covers only six SCI factors, with incomplete data for studied countries. The practical and social implications indicate areas needing improvement to enhance tourist appeal, beneficial for industry professionals and educational purposes. This comparative analysis aids in promoting sustainable tourism and can guide governments in achieving sustainability goals with raising awareness of environmental quality and conscious living.

A new view on estimating China's capital flight through the travel channel

AbstractThis paper proposes a novel approach to quantitatively estimating the magnitude of China's capital flight through the travel channel from 2014 to 2019. We set 2014 as the break point to account for a change in the methodology of compiling outbound travel expenditure and adopt a counterfactual method to calculate the magnitude of China's capital flight through the travel channel. Our results show that, from 2014 to 2019, China's capital flight through the travel channel reached a total of US$602 billion, with a quarterly average of about US$25 billion, accounting for about 40% of the total Chinese outbound travel expenditure. We further construct a gravity model using data from the United Nations' World Tourism Organisation to empirically show that China's capital flight tends to flow to economies with a high degree of financial development and often appears when the RMB depreciates against the US dollar.

A Comparative Statistical Analysis of Foreign Visitors' Volume and Overnights Spent at the Balkan Locale

Tourism is an intertemporal field of research due to the sensitive nature of the elements that constitute the field. Heritage, religion, history, art and life make the Balkans a craving destination for tourists to visit. The simplicity of moving across continents through the Balkans enables the growth of movement. The Balkan borders and the way to demarcate them were always a topic of great conflict. Half of the Balkan countries belong entirely to the region and the rest by a small portion to half of their borders. Two clusters have been raised through the history of research, the west-ern and the eastern Balkans. Both locals living out of the country of origin and foreigners are travelling to the Balkan area. Thus, the Balkans is a competitive destination both for its residents and the rest of the visitors. The most visited destinations are Greece and Croatia and the rest follow. An exploratory data analysis (E.D.A.), with secondary data collected from the national statistical offices of each country under study, tourist national organisations, minis-tries, confederations, O.E.C.D. (Organisation for Economic Coop-eration and Development) and the U.N.W.T.O. (United Nations World Tourism Organisation) tourism barometer has been pre-pared. The secondary data analysis presents and compares, through charts, the volume of visitors per country and/or per year, their overnights and the total count for the aforementioned vol-umes by each country either separately or in conjunction with the rest of the Balkan locale. A growth trend in all volume numbers of tourists and their overnights is showcased until the 2019 pandemic outburst, as a progression, and from 2019-2021 the volume num-ber has diminished due to COVID-19 and movement restrictions. From 2021 onwards volume numbers came back to their rise trend surpassing or equivalent in numbers to the benchmarks of 2019. Thus, tourism is returning to the growth numbers with no re-striction assisting the situation. Countries with coastlines receive more tourism than the rest of the countries. Further research is needed to accumulate and compare data for the gender and nation-ality of the tourists arriving in the Balkan locale.

Redefining Japan’s Tourism: Post-COVID Challenges and Cultural Dynamics

The global tourism landscape has undergone considerable transformation owing to the COVID-19 pandemic, which has altered its dynamics and created new challenges. Previously, travel was linked to well-being, fostering social connections, and a sense of belonging. However, the pandemic has caused substantial disruptions, leading to job losses and changes in travel behavior. Japan, which was already grappling with overtourism pre-pandemic, faced challenges such as strained infrastructure and environmental impact. Post-pandemic challenges include issues regarding tourist etiquette and labor shortages within the industry. Japan’s deeply rooted mask-wearing culture, driven by social responsibility, may lead to social stigma if norms are ignored, thus affecting tourism. Owing to an aging population and unattractive job profiles, the industry faces labor shortages, which lead to difficulties in recruiting during peak seasons. Therefore, understanding these challenges is crucial for the recovery and revival of tourism in Japan. Strategies must align with evolving societal values and sustainable practices to address behavioral norms and labor shortages. Using tweet-derived data, this study revealed an unexpected increase in discussions regarding mask use, highlighting Japan’s societal emphasis on harmony and consideration of others. This study highlights the challenges faced by tourists and industry professionals, particularly regarding foreign visitors’ comprehension of Japanese cultural norms. The results emphasize the critical factors affecting post-pandemic tourism in Japan, with the aim of exploring cultural influences on sustainable tourism in subsequent research. This endeavor aligns with the vision of the United Nations World Tourism Organization to reconstruct the industry and ensure equitable benefits for all stakeholders.

Evaluation of top tourism destinations according to their AI development with the entropy-TOPSIS-integrated method

PurposeThis study aims to determine and evaluate the artificial intelligence (AI) development and competitiveness of the top 20 countries that receive the highest number of tourists with the entropy technique for order of preference by similarity to the ideal solution (TOPSIS)-integrated method.Design/methodology/approachThis study is based on Global AI Index data published by Tortoise Media. Based on this index, according to the World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) report, the top 20 destinations that will host the highest number of tourists in 2022 were evaluated in seven different subpillars, which are talent, infrastructure, operating environment, research, development, government strategy and commercial. These seven subpillars of the index were considered as criteria, and the top 20 tourist destinations were included in the research as decision alternatives.FindingsThe analysis results show that the three most important AI criteria are operating environment, infrastructure and government strategy. Furthermore, the first three countries with the best AI performance according to the weighted criteria were the USA, China and the UK, respectively.Practical implicationsConsidering that AI technologies will direct tourist behavior in a world where technology is rapidly developing, it is recommended that the countries that receive the highest number of tourists improve their AI performance.Originality/valueWhen the relevant literature is examined, there is a limited number of studies examining the AI development and competitiveness of the top tourist destinations and weighting the Global AI Index values. Therefore, this study contributes to the gap in the relevant literature.

Development of Disabled-Friendly Tourism Infrastructure: Providing Accessibility for All Tourists

This research aims to assess the level of accessibility of tourism infrastructure for people with disabilities and analyze the challenges faced in its development. Qualitative research method was employed with descriptive analysis of data from sources such as the Central Statistics Agency (BPS), World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), and previous studies. The findings indicate that tourism infrastructure is still far from adequate in meeting the needs of tourists with disabilities. Lack of regulations, budget constraints, and insufficient staff training are the primary challenges. As a solution, the Development Model of Disability-Friendly Tourism Infrastructure is recommended, including physical design considerations for accessibility, staff training, and provision of easily accessible information. Collaboration among government, tourism industry, and civil society is crucial in creating a more inclusive tourism environment.

Exploring the Role of Destination Management Organizations (DMOs) in Leveraging Social Media as a Destination Marketing Tool: Insights from Himachal Pradesh

TOURISM: Tourism is the movement of people to destinations outside their usual environment for various reasons, including leisure, business, or other purposes. These visitors' activities, known as the visitor economy, can have a significant impact on the visited locations economically, socially, and culturally. This can involve enjoying recreational activities, relaxation, and pleasure, often with the help of established businesses offering services and experiences. Tourism is a multifaceted and dynamic industry that has evolved significantly over the years. It encompasses the movement of people to destinations outside their usual environment for personal or recreational purposes, contributing substantially to the global economy and generating employment opportunities and income for millions. The tourism industry can be broadly categorized into two primary types: international tourism, where tourists travel to foreign lands, and domestic tourism, where tourists explore their own country. The most frequently visited countries by international tourists include France, Spain, the United States, China, Italy, Turkey, Mexico, and the United Kingdom. Tourism serves as a crucial industry, providing employment and income to millions of people worldwide and contributing significantly to the economies of various nations. The steady rise in popularity of tourism since the 1950s can be attributed to advancements in technology, the proliferation of the internet, the increasing availability of paid vacations, demographic changes, and media exposure. The tourism life cycle, proposed by Professor Richard Butler, consists of four stages: initial discovery, growth, decline, and regeneration. This model helps us understand the pattern of popularity that tourist destinations follow. Tourism is not limited to leisure activities; it also includes business tourism, cultural travel, environmental effects of aviation, international tourism advertising, medical tourism, and science tourism, among others. The United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) plays a crucial role in promoting responsible, sustainable, and universally accessible tourism, providing statistics and insights on key indicators for inbound and outbound tourism globally. In conclusion, tourism is a complex and multifaceted industry that has a significant impact on the global economy and local communities. It encompasses various forms, including international and domestic tourism, and serves as a crucial source of employment and income for millions of people worldwide.

A social media adoption strategy for cultural dissemination in municipalities with tourist potential: Lamas, Peru, as a case study

Social media is commonly used by governments to disseminate information related to transparency and institutional promotion, but its potential for the dissemination of cultural resources is often overlooked. This research proposes a strategy for adopting social media to achieve cultural dissemination in the municipality of Lamas, Peru, which has tourism potential and has been awarded the “Best Tourism Villages” seal of the World Tourism Organisation. Methodologically, we propose a case study at a propositional exploratory level. We start by determining the current state of dissemination of tangible and intangible resources, as well as the practical use of social media, through a survey of 20 officials. The results reveal that crafts are the most widely disseminated tangible resource in the municipality (according to 55% of officials), and intangible resources are occasionally disseminated (50%). We also find that Facebook is the only digital channel used to disseminate cultural information. In this context, we formulate a strategy for adopting social media to improve cultural dissemination, which consists of six phases: (i) forming a work team, (ii) preparing a budget plan, (iii) strengthening capacities, (iv) taking inventory of cultural resources, (v) coordinating community interests and (vi) preparing a cultural dissemination plan. The findings can contribute to formulating public initiatives for the institutionalisation of social media in governments for the purposes of preserving, promoting and guaranteeing the accessibility of cultural heritage.

Tourism and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals

Contemporary society has experienced a significant evolution in its engagement with sustainability, driven by various factors, including global initiatives such as the United Nations (UN) Global Compact (2000), further energized by the 2030 Agenda and its Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This study explores the interplay between tourism and these UN’s Sustainable Development Goals, employing a bibliometric analysis of scholarly literature, with findings processed through Iramuteq software. The investigation reveals that academic discourse connects tourism to 13 of the 17 SDGs outlined in the UN’s 2030 Agenda, with a predominant focus on SDG 8 – decent work and economic growth. Notably, the analysis uncovers a discrepancy in the scholarly treatment of SDG 14 – life below water, which, despite being earmarked by the World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) as a critical area for tourism, receives limited attention, in contrast to SDG 11 – sustainable cities and communities. The study concludes that the academic exploration of the nexus between tourism and the SDGs has been relatively superficial, lacking depth in the context of the broader tourism and sustainability discourse.

Quantitative impact analysis of cross-border tourism on global food greenhouse gas emissions

Globalization has fueled the rapid expansion of international tourism, significantly impacting global food systems. This study aims to quantitatively evaluate the influence of tourism on global food greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. By integrating the Food and Agriculture Organization Statistical Database and the World Tourism Organization Tourism Statistics database, we analyze regional differences in dietary choices among cross-border tourists and connect them to detailed national-level food supply inventories, enabling us to estimate the GHG emissions associated with cross-border tourism. Additionally, we employ the modified Regional Integrated model of Climate and the Economy (RICE) model to project future trends in tourism-related GHG emissions across regions and countries. Our findings indicate that tourism has resulted in a reduction of 620 Mt CO2e in global food system emissions between 2001 and 2019. Taking into account tourism development trajectories and regional economic growth, our projection suggests that GHG emissions reduction from the global food system resulting from tourism could reach a substantial 96 Mt CO2e per year by 2100. The analysis shows that strengthening the national economy and increasing the labor force, and taking reasonable measures to change the social diet pattern in different regions can further reduce tourism embodied food GHG emissions. This study highlights the significant role of tourism in mitigating global food system emissions and underscores the potential for further emission reductions in the future.

Geographical indications and traditional products as the basis of enogastronomic tourism: significance for the development of rural communities (on the example of Italy)


 
 
 This article is dedicated to exploring geographical indications and traditional products as the foundation for the development of gastronomic tourism and their collective impact on the development of rural communities. Italy has been chosen as the research subject – one of the world’s most popular tourist destinations, a country with the highest number of registered geographical indications, and a well-established tradition of rural tourism. Analyzing Italy’s experience regarding the contribution of traditional products and geographical indications to the development of national tourism and the economy of rural communities and the state as a whole allows for assessing Ukraine’s development vectors in this field. Based on the analysis of bibliographic databases, the significant relevance of such research is evident. Despite some publicity, there are relatively few publications on this topic in Ukrainian scientific journals. In contrast, English-language publications cover geographical indications, gastronomic, and wine tourism much more extensively both thematically and territorially. The research relies on periodicals of relevant international organizations, public associations, etc. Analysis of the World Intellectual Property Organization’s annual reports revealed that over 90% of the world’s geographical indications in recent years fall into the categories of «wines and spirits» and «agricultural products and food». Regarding Italy, statistical data from the World Tourism Organization confirmed its stable position in global tourism (fifth place in tourist arrivals and receipts for the last decade or more) and a surplus growth in the tourism balance (19 billion USD in 2019), leading the UN WTO to characterize it as a «country of powerful growth». Recent publications from the World Tourism Organization noted significant recovery rates of international tourism in Italy in the post-pandemic period. According to Coldiretti, the national confederation of agricultural, fishing, agri-food, and environmental sectors in Italy, the projected contribution to the country’s economy in 2023 exceeds 30 billion euros from national and foreign tourists who increasingly choose to vacation in rural areas. This trend is attributed to Italy’s leadership in gastronomic and wine tourism, with over 5,000 traditional product names and 838 products and wines protected by geographical indications (as of 2023, according to the Ministry of Agriculture, Food, and Forestry of Italy), as well as the immense potential of agro- tourism. The article also highlights the significant role played by the representation of Italy’s unique agro-landscapes as cultural land- scapes of UNESCO World Heritage, FAO World Agricultural Heritage (GIAHS project), etc., in the development of rural communities. The analysis and overview of the current implementation of the system of geographical indications and guaranteed traditional features in Ukraine allowed for identifying certain strategic directions for applying Italian experience in Ukrainian territories.
 
 

SERVICES QUALITY IN RELIGIOUS TOURISM WITH REFERENCE TO NAVAGRAHA TEMPLES IN THANJAVUR DISTRICT

This research delves into the realm of Religious Tourism Service Quality, specifically focusing on the Navagraha Temples in the culturally rich Thanjavur District. As the oldest form of tourism, religious pilgrimage has witnessed substantial growth in recent years. The study employs the World Tourism Organization's standards to assess safety, hygiene, accessibility, transparency, authenticity, and harmony in the context of these temples. Using a structured questionnaire and statistical analysis, the research unveils pilgrims' perceptions of service quality across various dimensions and establishes correlations with overall satisfaction. The findings provide valuable insights for practitioners, temple management, and policymakers in enhancing the religious tourism experience in this region.

An Analytical Reading of the Omani Tourism and Hospitality Industry Figures (2019-2022)

Studies on the effect of COVID-19 pandemic worldwide indicate significant decreases in revenues and job losses in the tourism and hospitality industry. To what extent is this the case in the Sultanate of Oman? The current study tries to answer this question and much more; therefore, this study aims to assess the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the Omani tourism and hospitality industry. The study analyzed and interpreted the Omani Ministry of Heritage and Tourism, the Omani National Center for Statistics and Information (NCSI), and the United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) reports, statistics, and figures. The acquired secondary data were classified, summarized, tabulated. Frequencies and percentages were used in rankings, evaluations, comparisons, and analysis. This study provides scholars, policy makers, and industry affiliates with a scientific overview of the Omani tourism and hospitality industry performance during the COVID-19 pandemic. Keywords: COVID-19 pandemic, employment, hospitality, Oman, tourism, UNWTO

Analysis of Factors Influencing the Decision to Visit Nusantara Youth Travel to Bali

Nusantara tourists constitute a pivotal aspect of Bali's tourism. The undeniable impact of the widespread COVID-19 cases has rendered Bali's tourism nearly lifeless. However, the resilient travel activities of Nusantara tourists, albeit in modest numbers, offer a glimmer of hope for Bali. The potential of Nusantara tourists, particularly among the younger generation, commonly referred to as youth travellers in tourism terminology, is substantial. According to the World Tourism Organization (WTO), youth travel involves individuals aged 16-29 engaging in tourism. Statistics reveal that the youth travel demographic commands 23% of global tourism. Based on the 2020 census by the Central Statistics Agency, the combined population of Generation X (millennials) and Generation Z (zillennials) holds the highest share in Indonesia. Hence, the potential of Nusantara youth travel for Bali is promising. Consequently, there is a need for research on the characteristics, movement distribution, and factors influencing the decisions of Nusantara youth travellers to tour Bali. This study will employ a mixed-methods approach, utilizing Likert scale analysis and factor analysis tools. The anticipated findings aim to contribute valuable information on youth travel to the Bali regional government, particularly the Tourism Agency, and other tourism stakeholders. This information can serve as the foundation for devising marketing strategies to enhance the influx of Nusantara youth travellers to Bali.

International regulation of tourist activities of China as a basis for the application of experience for the domestic economy

higher rate than the economy of the People's Republic of China in general is tourism. Thanks to the tourism industry, China has overcome poverty. Due to its geographical and geopolitical position and natural conditions, China has excellent opportunities to develop various types of tourism. International tourism is a critical mechanism for integrating China's economy into the world economy. Given China's scale of development, which is among the world leaders, domestic tourism plays an increasingly important role in the country's economy. All this makes studying specific features of tourism development in China very relevant. China sets domestic and international standards and regulations to regulate the tourism industry. The legislation includes safety and quality of service rules, visa requirements, and measures to preserve natural and cultural resources. China is a member of international tourism organizations such as the World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), a component of sharing experiences and implementing international standards. Participation in such organizations allows China to interact with other countries, share experiences, and participate in defined international standards. China considers international standards and best practices in the field to raise the quality of services and ensure the safety and comfort of tourists. China is actively developing both domestic and international tourism. This gives the company the desire to develop its tourism resources and attract the attention of foreign visitors. China implements measures to control and standardize tourism activities through licensing and other mechanisms. This is aimed at ensuring the quality and safety of tourist services. China's tourism development strategy also promotes the inclusion of cultural exchange through tourism, which promotes mutual understanding and the development of diplomatic relations. Given the importance of environmental sustainability, China considers measures to preserve natural resources and places. China can regulate the visa regime for foreign tourists, changing the requirements and conditions of the visit according to its strategic and security interests. China actively offers its tourist attractions at the international level, helping to attract foreign tourists. In connection with global challenges such as the pandemic, China considers international standards for the safety and health of tourists by implementing appropriate measures and protocols. China can develop and maintain bilateral and multilateral ties with other countries to jointly implement tourism projects and exchange cultural experiences. In general, China's international tourism regulation emphasizes the country's desire to ensure stable, safe, and sustainable tourism development, promoting both domestic and international tourism. Considering these aspects, China is interested in cooperating with the international community and complying with international standards to improve the competitiveness of its tourism sector and ensure the satisfaction and safety of tourists. Keywords: tourism, China, international regulation, poverty alleviation, domestic and foreign tourism.