Newborn Umbilical Cord Research Articles

Promotive and Preventive Programs for Health Workers and Mothers on Newborn Umbilical Cord Care to Prevent Infection During the Neonatal Period

Umbilical cord infections can be prevented by caring for the umbilical cordproperly. The data regarding proper and correct umbilical cord care of newborn babiesby mothers in North Sumatra Province is limited. Hence, this community serviceaimed to determine the proportion of knowledge in umbilical cord care for newbornbabies using the open-dry cord care method. Thew community service project washeld on August 24, 2023, in Pematang Siantar City, North Sumatra Province. In thisactivity, we provided counseling on the open-dry cord care method for umbilical cordcare by presentation and discussion using modules, posters, and leaflets. We used apre-test and post-test questionnaire to assess the knowledge level of health workersand mothers. Participant demographic data and results are presented in the form ofproportion data. This counseling was attended by 150 participants consisting of 52health workers and 98 mothers. Before the counseling, 39 health workers and 93mothers did not know how to take care of the umbilical cord properly. After thecounseling, the knowledge of umbilical cord care using the open-dry cord methodincreased by 15.4% for health workers and 24.5% for mothers. Based on the results,over 80% of participants were found to have had a satisfactory level of knowledgeabout umbilical cord care after the counseling session. This community serviceprogram should be conducted regularly to further enhance the knowledge of healthworkers and mothers on proper umbilical cord care.

The Effect of using E-Booklet Media on Increasing the Knowledge of Primigravida Mothers about Breastfeeding Techniques and Newborn Umbilical Cord Care

Primigravida mothers often lack sufficient knowledge about newborn care, including umbilical cord care and breastfeeding techniques. Better education and support from healthcare professionals are essential to enhance their knowledge and skills in infant care. Effective training and counseling can help primigravida mothers feel more confident and competent in caring for their children. This study aims to determine the effect of e-booklet media on the knowledge of primigravida mothers regarding breastfeeding techniques and umbilical cord care in the service area of the Pamandegan Health Center and Midwife Clinic. This research uses a quantitative method with a pre-experimental design and a one-group pretest-posttest research design. The sample size in this study was 68 respondents, selected using total sampling, and all respondents received the intervention for 1 month. The measurement tool used in this study was a questionnaire that had undergone normality and validity tests. Normality was tested using the Shapiro-Wilk test, and data analysis was conducted using univariate analysis and bivariate analysis with the Wilcoxon test. The hypothesis test results showed a p-value = 0.000 < 0.05, indicating that the use of e-booklet media significantly affected the knowledge of primigravida mothers regarding breastfeeding techniques and umbilical cord care. It is crucial for primigravida mothers to improve their knowledge in these two aspects as it can greatly impact their ability to care for their babies effectively.

Pengaruh Pengetahuan Ibu terhadap Perawatan Tali Pusat pada Bayi Baru Lahir

Improper care of the umbilical cord can lead to premature detachment and increase the risk of umbilical cord infection (neonatal tetanus). As long as the umbilical cord has not detached naturally, it needs to be properly cared for. Failure to do so can result in infection characterized by moisture, pus, and a foul odor around the umbilical cord. This review aims to determine the influence of mothers' knowledge on the care of the umbilical cord in newborns. This review aims to investigate the impact of mothers' knowledge on the care of the umbilical cord in newborns. This study utilizes a literature review method, utilizing journal articles obtained from Google Scholar, SINTA, and Garuda databases, published between 2019 and 2023, with full text available in the Indonesian language. Based on the reviewed journals, it was found that 7 journals discovered the influence of maternal knowledge on umbilical cord care in newborns, while 4 journals stated that there are still mothers who perform umbilical cord care incorrectly according to the procedure. Based on the literature review of 10 research journals, respondents' characteristics among postpartum mothers can be classified based on age, educational level, and occupation. All these factors significantly impact a mother's knowledge regarding the care of the umbilical cord in newborns, highlighting the importance of health education in enhancing maternal knowledge.

National chlorhexidine coverage and factors associated with newborn umbilical cord care in Bangladesh and Nepal: a cross-sectional analysis using household data

BackgroundPreventable newborn deaths are a global tragedy with many of these deaths concentrated in the first week and day of life. A simple low-cost intervention, chlorhexidine cleansing of the umbilical cord, can prevent deaths from omphalitis, an infection of the umbilical cord. Bangladesh and Nepal have national policies promoting chlorhexidine use, as well as routinely collected household survey data, which allows for an assessment of coverage and predictors of the intervention.MethodsWe used data from the 2017–2018 Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey and the 2016 Nepal Demographic and Health Survey, two large-scale nationally representative household surveys. We studied coverage of single application of chlorhexidine to the umbilical cord of newborns born in the past year using descriptive, bivariate and multivariable analyses. Key predictors of newborns receiving chlorhexidine cleansing, including socio-economic factors, healthcare related factors and the application of harmful and nonharmful substances, were explored in this study.ResultsCoverage of chlorhexidine cleansing was 15.0% in Bangladesh and 50.7% in Nepal, while the application of a harmful substance was 16.9% in Bangladesh and 22.6% in Nepal. Results from the multivariable analyses indicated that delivery in a health facility was strongly associated with a newborn’s receipt of chlorhexidine in both countries (Bangladesh: OR = 2.23, p = 0.002; Nepal: OR = 5.01, p = 0.000). In Bangladesh, delivery by Cesarean section and application of another non-harmful substance were significantly and positively associated with the receipt of chlorhexidine. In Nepal antenatal care was significantly and positively associated with chlorhexidine, while application of a harmful substance was significantly and negatively associated with receipt of chlorhexidine. Maternal education, urban/rural residence, religion and sex were not significant in the multivariable analysis. Wealth was not a significant factor in Bangladesh, but in Nepal newborns in the two highest wealth quintiles were significantly less likely to receive chlorhexidine than newborns in the lowest wealth quintile.ConclusionAs Bangladesh and Nepal continue to scale-up chlorhexidine for newborn umbilical cord care, additional focus on newborns born in non-facility environments may be warranted. Chlorhexidine cleansing may have the potential to be an equitable intervention, as newborns from the poorest wealth quintiles and whose mothers had less education were not disadvantaged in receiving the intervention in these two settings.

Potential Association of Gut Microbial Metabolism and Circulating mRNA Based on Multiomics Sequencing Analysis in Fetal Growth Restriction.

Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is a significant contributor to negative pregnancy and postnatal developmental outcomes. Currently, the exact pathological mechanism of FGR remains unknown. This study aims to utilize multiomics sequencing technology to investigate potential relationships among mRNA, gut microbiota, and metabolism in order to establish a theoretical foundation for diagnosing and understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying FGR. In this study, 11 healthy pregnant women and nine pregnant women with FGR were divided into Control group and FGR group based on the health status. Umbilical cord blood, maternal serum, feces, and placental tissue samples were collected during delivery. RNA sequencing, 16S rRNA sequencing, and metabolomics methods were applied to analyze changes in umbilical cord blood circulating mRNA, fecal microbiota, and metabolites. RT-qPCR, ELISA, or western blot were used to detect the expression of top 5 differential circulating mRNA in neonatal cord blood, maternal serum, or placental tissue samples. Correlation between differential circulating mRNA, microbiota, and metabolites was analyzed by the Spearman coefficient. The top 5 mRNA genes in FGR were altered with the downregulation of TRIM34, DEFA3, DEFA1B, DEFA1, and QPC, and the upregulation of CHPT1, SMOX, FAM83A, GDF15, and NAPG in newborn umbilical cord blood, maternal serum, and placental tissue. The abundance of Bacteroides, Akkermansia, Eubacterium_coprostanoligenes_group, Phascolarctobacterium, Parasutterella, Odoribacter, Lachnospiraceae_UCG_010, and Dielma were significantly enriched in the FGR group. Metabolites such as aspartic acid, methionine, alanine, L-tryptophan, 3-methyl-2-oxovalerate, and ketoleucine showed notable functional alterations. Spearman correlation analysis indicated that metabolites like methionine and alanine, microbiota (Tyzzerella), and circulating mRNA (TRIM34, SMOX, FAM83A, NAPG) might play a role as mediators in the communication between the gut and circulatory system interaction in FGR. Metabolites (METHIONINE, alanine) as well as microbiota (Tyzzerella) and circulating mRNA (TRIM34, SMOX, FAM83A, NAPG) were possible mediators that communicated the interaction between the gut and circulatory systems in FGR.

Umbilical Cord Care Knowledge and Practice among Sample of Kurdish Women

Abstract: Background: The mother's awareness and practices regarding cord care are crucial to the survival of the newborn. It's because infections after birth most commonly enter through the cord stump. Practices for clean cord care aid in the prevention of infections, which lowers infant morbidity and mortality. Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the knowledge and practices regarding newborn umbilical cord care among Kurdish mothers. Method: A descriptive study was carried out on 202 mothers at mala Fandi primary healthcare centre during middle year of 2023. data were collected through face-to-face questionnaire interviews. It consists of socio-demographic characteristics, the knowledge, and practices about cord care. Data were analysed by using Statistical Package for Social Sciences software version 23.0. Both descriptive and inferential analyses were done. Results: Out of 202 mothers (70.2%) of the mothers have a good knowledge about cord care and majority of the mothers (89.1%) have cleaned the umbilical cord stump of the baby and (40.6%) using the techniques named clean cord base and surrounding skin at the same time. Most of the mothers do not use any traditional substance (79.2%) while most of the learned about umbilical cord care by their parents (50%). age, Occupation, Level of education, type of family and residential area were influential factors with knowledge regarding cord care. Conclusion: most of mothers had good knowledge and proper practice about cord care. Also, majority of mothers got information from parents and relatives.

Prenatal Metal Exposure Alters the Placental Proteome in a Sex-Dependent Manner in Extremely Low Gestational Age Newborns: Links to Gestational Age.

Prenatal exposure to toxic metals is associated with altered placental function and adverse infant and child health outcomes. Adverse outcomes include those that are observed at the time of birth, such as low birthweight, as well as those that arise later in life, such as neurological impairment. It is often the case that these adverse outcomes show sex-specific responses in relation to toxicant exposures. While the precise molecular mechanisms linking in utero toxic metal exposures with later-in-life health are unknown, placental inflammation is posited to play a critical role. Here, we sought to understand whether in utero metal exposure is associated with alterations in the expression of the placental proteome by identifying metal associated proteins (MAPs). Within the Extremely Low Gestational Age Newborns (ELGAN) cohort (n = 230), placental and umbilical cord tissue samples were collected at birth. Arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), selenium (Se), and manganese (Mn) concentrations were measured in umbilical cord tissue samples via ICP-MS/MS. Protein expression was examined in placental samples using an LC-MS/MS-based, global, untargeted proteomics analysis measuring more than 3400 proteins. MAPs were then evaluated for associations with pregnancy and neonatal outcomes, including placental weight and gestational age. We hypothesized that metal levels would be positively associated with the altered expression of inflammation/immune-associated pathways and that sex-specific patterns of metal-associated placental protein expression would be observed. Sex-specific analyses identified 89 unique MAPs expressed in female placentas and 41 unique MAPs expressed in male placentas. Notably, many of the female-associated MAPs are known to be involved in immune-related processes, while the male-associated MAPs are associated with intracellular transport and cell localization. Further, several MAPs were significantly associated with gestational age in males and females and placental weight in males. These data highlight the linkage between prenatal metal exposure and an altered placental proteome, with implications for altering the trajectory of fetal development.

Are Twin Pregnancies at Higher Risk for Iron and Calcium Deficiency than Singleton Pregnancies?

The aim of this study was to compare the iron and calcium status in singleton and twin pregnancies and to assess whether there is an increased risk for iron and calcium deficiency in twin gestation. The study included 105 singleton and 9 twin pregnancies at or above 35 weeks of gestation. Information on prenatal supplementation with iron or calcium was acquired, and adverse perinatal outcomes were recorded. Biosamples from all 114 mothers and 73 newborns (61 singleton and 12 twin newborns) were finally analyzed. Total iron and calcium concentrations in serum were measured through total reflection X-ray fluorescence analysis. The results indicated no significant differences in maternal serum iron and calcium concentrations between singleton and twin pregnancies. Similarly, iron and calcium concentrations in newborn umbilical cord serum samples were not different between singleton and twin pregnancies. The comparison of total iron and calcium between mothers and umbilical cord serum indicated significantly lower concentrations in the mothers, with the differences being not homogenous but rather pair-specific. A significant positive correlation between maternal serum and umbilical cord serum calcium concentration was noticed. Prenatal iron supplementation was associated with higher iron concentrations in both mothers and newborns, supporting the efficiency of supplementation and the quality of the study methods. Collectively, the data indicate no significant differences in serum iron and calcium concentrations with regard to singleton or twin pregnancies and the efficiency of iron supplementation during pregnancy for increasing iron status.

Comparative steroid profiling of newborn hair and umbilical cord serum highlights the role of fetal adrenals, placenta, and pregnancy outcomes in fetal steroid metabolism

Previous steroid hormone studies concerning pregnancy and newborns have mainly focused on glucocorticoids; wider steroid profiles have been less commonly investigated. Here, we performed a comparative analysis of 17 steroids from newborn hair and umbilical cord serum at the time of delivery. The study participants (n = 42, 50% girls) were a part of the Kuopio Birth Cohort and represent usual Finnish pregnancies. The hair and cord serum samples were analyzed with liquid chromatography high resolution mass spectrometry and triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry, respectively. We detected high individual variations in steroid hormone concentrations in both sample matrices. The concentrations of cortisol (F), corticosterone (B), estrone (E1), estradiol (E2), dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), 11β-hydroxyandostenedione (11bOHA4), 5α-androstanedione (DHA4), and 17α-hydroxypregnenolone (17OHP5) correlated positively between cord serum and newborn hair samples. In addition, F and 11bOHA4 concentrations correlated positively with each other in both newborn hair and cord serum samples. The cortisone-to-cortisol ratio (E/F) was significantly higher in cord serum than in newborn hair samples reflecting high placental 11βHSD2 enzyme activity. Only minor sex differences in steroid concentrations were observed; higher testosterone (T) and 11-deoxycortisol (S) with lower 11bOHA4 in male cord serum, and higher DHEA, androstenedione (A4) and 11bOHA4 in female newborn hair samples. Parity and delivery mode were the most significant pregnancy- and birth-related parameters associating with F and some other adrenocortical steroid concentrations. This study provides novel information about intrauterine steroid metabolism in late pregnancy and typical concentration ranges for several newborn hair steroids, including also 11-oxygenated androgens.

Helping babies survive: Thermal and umbilical cord care practices for neonates in Ado-Ekiti, Southern Nigeria.

Newborn care practices immediately after delivery can decrease newborns' risk of diseases and death in early neonatal life. This study assessed thermal and umbilical cord care practices among mothers in randomly selected health care facilities in Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State. Descriptive quantitative research design was used and 211 mothers were selected through convenience sampling techniques. Semi-structured questionnaire, adapted from a previous study was utilized to collect data which was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The majority of the respondents were Yoruba aged 20-29 years; 70% of the respondents were aware of the standard cord care practice; 90% agreed that heat should be applied to the newborn's umbilical cord. 70.5% of mothers used methylated spirit to clean the umbilical cord; 39.5% claimed that they used menthol ointment; while 20.5% used the standard prescribed chlorhexidine. On thermal care practices, 10% dried their babies, 39.5% bathed their babies immediately, while 50% of mothers wrapped their newborns in heavy clothing. Factors influencing common thermal and umbilical cord care include religion and cultural preferences. Efforts should be devoted towards providing tailored health education approaches on proper thermal and umbilical cord care practices to mothers and the community at large.

A Calvarial Defect Model to Investigate the Osteogenic Potential of Umbilical Cord Stem Cells in Bone Regeneration.

The standard graft material for alveolar cleft repair (ACR) is autogenous iliac crest. A promising alternative potential graft adjunct-newborn human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (h-UCMSCs)-has yet to be explored in vivo. Their capacity for self-renewal, multipotent differentiation, and proliferation allows h-UCMSCs to be harnessed for regenerative medicine. This study sought to evaluate the efficacy of using tissue-derived h-UCMSCs and their osteogenic capabilities to improve ACR in a murine model. Foxn1 mice were separated into three groups with the following calvarial defects: no treatment (empty defect; n = 6), poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) scaffold ( n = 6), or h-UCMSCs with PLGA ( n = 4). Bilateral 2-mm-diameter parietal bone critical-sized defects were created using a dental drill. Microcomputed tomography (microCT) imaging was performed 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks postoperatively. The mice were euthanized 4 weeks postoperatively for RNAScope, immunohistochemical, and histological analysis. No mice experienced complications during the follow-up period. MicroCT imaging and histological analysis demonstrated that the no-treatment and PLGA-only defects remained patent without significant defect size differences across groups. In contrast, the h-UCMSCs with PLGA group had significantly greater bone fill on microCT and histological analysis. This study demonstrates a successful calvarial defect model for the investigation of h-UCMSC-mediated osteogenesis and bone repair. Evidence reveals that PLGA alone has neither short-term effects on bone formation nor any unwanted side effects, making it an attractive scaffold. Further investigation using h-UCMSCs with PLGA in larger animals is warranted to advance future translation to patients requiring ACR. The authors' results demonstrate a successful murine calvarial defect model for the investigation of h-UCMSC-mediated osteogenesis and bone repair, and they provide preliminary evidence for the safe and efficacious use of this graft adjunct in alveolar cleft repair.

The Influence of Corner Care Using Topical Breast Milk and Dry Gauge Methods on The Time of Crap Delivery

The best umbilical cord care after birth is a controversial issue. Neonatal tetanus cases in Indonesia increased from 10 cases in 2018 to 17 cases in 2019, While in Banten Province in 2019, there were 12 cases of neonatal tetanus with 8 deaths, including in Cilegon City. According to research, one of the preventions of neonatal tetanus is umbilical cord care. This study aimed to analyze the effect of umbilical cord care by using the breast milk topical method and dry gauze when removing the umbilical cord. This research is a quantitative study with a quasi-experiment research design with a control design post only, the sample is 30 respondents with a purposive sampling technique, and the research instrument is in the form of an observation sheet. The data were analyzed with an independent T-test. The results of a bivariate analysis can be concluded that there is a significant effect between differences in the acceleration of umbilical cord release. In this study, there was a significant difference between umbilical cord care using the topical method of breast milk and dry gauze on the timing of umbilical cord detachment. This can be input and evaluation for PMB in Cilegon City, regarding the importance of effective newborn umbilical cord care and does not cause infection.

Care of the newborn’s umbilical cord: The perspectives of mothers in a developing country

This study assessed the perspectives of mothers on newborn umbilical cord care in Kumasi city, Ghana.Cross-sectional data on 393 puerperal women was collected at the Postnatal Care (PNC) clinics of three hospitals in the city using. a structured questionnaire and the analysis was implemented using the SPSS version 20.Majority (89%) of the respondents had both adequate knowledge and a positive attitude about appropriate umbilical cord care practices. Methylated spirit was the predominant cleaning agent for umbilical cord. An adjusted odds ratio of 6.333 (p = .003) was obtained for secondary school education.The umbilical cord of the newborn can be a source of neonatal infection which increases the likelihood of neonatal morbidity and mortality. Care of the umbilical cord requires joint effort of health workers and the mothers. Health education on umbilical cord care needs to be further intensified.

Fetal effects of mild maternal COVID-19 infection: metabolomic profiling of cord blood

The impact of maternal coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection on fetal health remains to be precisely characterized. Using metabolomic profiling of newborn umbilical cord blood, we aimed to investigate the potential fetal biological consequences of maternal COVID-19 infection. Cord blood plasma samples from 23 mild COVID-19 cases (mother infected/newborn negative) and 23 gestational age-matched controls were analyzed using nuclear magnetic spectroscopy and liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Metabolite set enrichment analysis (MSEA) was used to evaluate altered biochemical pathways due to COVID-19 intrauterine exposure. Logistic regression models were developed using metabolites to predict intrauterine exposure. Significant concentration differences between groups (p-value < 0.05) were observed in 19 metabolites. Elevated levels of glucocorticoids, pyruvate, lactate, purine metabolites, phenylalanine, and branched-chain amino acids of valine and isoleucine were discovered in cases while ceramide subclasses were decreased. The top metabolite model including cortisol and ceramide (d18:1/23:0) achieved an Area under the Receiver Operating Characteristics curve (95% CI) = 0.841 (0.725-0.957) for detecting fetal exposure to maternal COVID-19 infection. MSEA highlighted steroidogenesis, pyruvate metabolism, gluconeogenesis, and the Warburg effect as the major perturbed metabolic pathways (p-value < 0.05). These changes indicate fetal increased oxidative metabolism, hyperinsulinemia, and inflammatory response. We present fetal biochemical changes related to intrauterine inflammation and altered energy metabolism in cases of mild maternal COVID-19 infection despite the absence of viral infection. Elucidation of the long-term consequences of these findings is imperative considering the large number of exposures in the population.

ASUHAN KEBIDANAN PADA BAYI Ny. Y DENGAN MELAKUKAN PENCEGAHAN INFEKSI PADA TALI PUSAT MENGGUNAKAN METODE TOPIKAL ASI

According to the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2017 found an infant mortality rate of 560,000 from live births caused by umbilical cord infection. The incidence of newborn infection in Indonesia ranges from 24% to 34%, and this is the cause of neonatal death which ranges from 24% to 34%, and this is the second cause of death after neonatal asphyxia which ranges from 49% to 60%. One way to treat the umbilical cord is the topical breastfeeding method. Breast milk has many immunological and anti-infective agents. The purpose of writing is to provide midwifery care for newborns by applying the topical breastfeeding method as a prevention of infection and to accelerate the release of the umbilical cord in Baby Ny. Y AT the Tanjung Balai Karimun Health Center. The design of care that has been given by the author is using a descriptive observational design with a case study approach. Data collection methods are participatory observation, interviews, measurements, documentation. The research instrument is the format of midwifery care. The results of the action showed that the treatment of the umbilical cord using topical breast milk made the umbilical cord dry and detached faster. It is hoped that the role of midwives in assisting mothers in caring for the umbilical cord in newborns is as a facilitator and counselor

Knowledge of Adolescent Post Partum Mothers About Umbilical Cord Care

Umbilical cord care is an action to treat the umbilical cord in newborns to keep it dry and prevent infection. This study aims to determine the level of knowledge of adolescent post partum toward umbilical cord care. This study employs a quantitative method with a descriptive design. The populations are adolescent post partum in the working area of Kota Timur Public Health Center, totaling 98 people with a total sample of 79 people who are determined using the Cluster Random Sampling technique, The research questionnaire used a mother's knowledge questionnaire about cord care which consisted of 26 questions and the data used are univariate data. The results show that the number of respondents who have good knowledge is 32 respondents (40,5%), 40 respondents (50,6%) have sufficient knowledge, 7 respondents (8,9%) have a lack of knowledge.

Outcome of Newborns with Confirmed or Possible SARS-CoV-2 Vertical Infection-A Scoping Review.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the virus that causes 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19), has been isolated from various tissues and body fluids, including the placenta, amniotic fluid, and umbilical cord of newborns. In the last few years, much scientific effort has been directed toward studying SARS-CoV-2, focusing on the different features of the virus, such as its structure and mechanisms of action. Moreover, much focus has been on developing accurate diagnostic tools and various drugs or vaccines to treat COVID-19. However, the available evidence is still scarce and consistent criteria should be used for diagnosing vertical transmission. Applying the PRISMA ScR guidelines, we conducted a scoping review with the primary objective of identifying the types, and examining the range, of available evidence of vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from mother to newborn. We also aimed to clarify the key concepts and criteria for diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 vertical infection in neonates and summarize the existing evidence and advance the awareness of SARS-CoV-2 vertical infection in pregnancy. Most studies we identified were case reports or case series (about 30% of poor quality and inconsistent reporting of the findings). Summarizing the existing classification criteria, we propose an algorithm for consistent diagnosis. Registration: INPLASY2022120093.

Newborn Umbilical Cord Stump Myiasis: Report of an Earliest Presentation.

Newborn Umbilical Cord Stump Myiasis: Report of an Earliest Presentation.

Diabetes Consequences on Preterm Premature Rupture of Membrane Complications

Background & Objective: Diabetes mellitus and gestational diabetes are complications that may be associated with preterm premature rupture of the membrane (i.e. PPROM) during pregnancy. We have investigate the impact of gestational and overt diabetes on PPROM through a statistical campaign. Materials & Methods: This study was conducted in two parts: In the first part, the PPROM patients (211 cases) were classified into three groups, without diabetes (W/ODM=126 cases), gestational diabetes (GDM=69 cases consist of 44 cases under insulin therapy and 25 cases of diet controlled), and diabetes mellitus (ODM=16 cases). PPROM complications were studied and compared between these three groups. In the second part, GDM patients under insulin therapy or diet control were compared to W/ODM patients in terms of PPROM complications. Results: There were no significant statistical differences between the groups regarding pregnancy outcomes, except, for mean gestational age at rupture of membrane and delivery. For maternal outcomes, there were significant changes between groups in terms of labor duration, hospital stay after childbirth, and severe preeclampsia. Fetus and neonatal outcomes suggested that the newborn weight, neonatal hyperglycemia, Apgar score, revive need, infant death, and umbilical cord blood gas test results (except BE) were significantly different between the three groups. Results of the second part of the study, in terms of statistically significant differences between insulin therapy, diet control, and W/ODM are consistent with the first part, for all discussed factors. Conclusion: Results revealed that PPROM protocol management on PPROM cases who have gestational or overt diabetes is applicable and does not have any further risk.

The Effectiveness Of Umbilical Cord Care With Topical Breast Milk On The Length Of Umbilical Cord Detachment In Newborns At The Yusniar Clinic Pangkalan Berandan In 2022

Umbilical cord that is not cared for properly can cause infection of the umbilical cord. The umbilical cord usually sheds 1 week after birth and the wound heals within 15 days. Wounds that have not healed are a pathway for germs to enter which result in infection, which can quickly lead to sepsis. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of topical breast milk treatment of the umbilical cord on the length of time for the release of the umbilical cord in newborns. This type of research uses a quasy experimental research design with a control group design. This research was conducted at the Yusniar Pangkalan Berandan Clinic. This research was conducted in August 2022. The population in this study were all newborns born at the Yusniar Clinic. The sample in this study were all newborns born in August - September 2022. The subject-taking technique used a total sampling of 40 people. Subjects were divided into two groups, an intervention group and a control group, each of which consisted of 20 people. The intervention group was given treatment with umbilical cord care using topical breast milk while the control group was treated with dry gauze. Then measurements are taken when the umbilical cord is released, quickly if it is released within 1-7 days and normal if it is released within 8-14 days. The type of data used in this study is primary data. Data collection is assisted by enumerators. Data analysis with the Wilcoxon rank test. The results of the study were obtained based on the duration of the release of the umbilical cord with topical ASI, the majority of normal umbilical cord discharge were 16 people (80%), and the minority of slow cord discharge was 1 respondent (5%). Based on the duration of the release of the umbilical cord with dry gauze, the majority of the release of the umbilical cord were slow, as many as 16 people (80%), and the minority of normal umbilical cord discharge were 4 respondents (20%). Based on the Mann Whitney test, the results obtained were a p value of 0.000. Treatment of the umbilical cord with topical breast milk was effective for the duration of the release of the umbilical cord in newborns. Umbilical cord care with topical breast milk is effective for the duration of umbilical cord discharge in newborns.