Ulum al-Din Research Articles

AL-GHAZALI DAN PEMIKIRANNYA TENTANG PENDIDIKAN TASAWUF

This research aims to uncover Al-Ghazali's thoughts on Sufism and unveil and to highlight Al-Ghazali's role in the development of Sufism as an academic discipline and spiritual movement within the Islamic world. The methodology employed in this study involves literature review and analysis of Al-Ghazali's works, particularly his seminal work "Ihya Ulum al-Din" (Revival of the Religious Sciences). The results of this study indicate that Al-Ghazali regarded Sufism as a means to achieve self-realization and the highest spiritual goals through the integration of knowledge and mystical experiences. Al-Ghazali's understanding of the relationship between human will and the divine will, as well as the significance of overcoming desires and ego in attaining spiritual perfection, is also illuminated. His significant contributions in developing Sufism as an academic discipline and spiritual movement are evident through his influential writings.

Building a Culture of Peace in Education: An Exploration of Al-Ghazali's Thoughts on Inner and Social Peace

A culture of peace in education is a concept that emphasizes the importance of creating a harmonious learning environment and respecting differences to achieve an effective, conducive, and harmonious learning environment for students. Research on the culture of peace in education on the mental and social aspects of creating peace often receives less attention. The thoughts of figures such as Imam Al-Ghazali offer a holistic and comprehensive view of peace. This study aimed to explore Imam Al-Ghazali's thoughts on inner and social peace and how to build a culture of peace in education. A qualitative approach was chosen to understand Imam Al-Ghazali's thoughts on inner and social peace and how these concepts can be applied in an educational context. The methods used in this research were literature study and content analysis. The three main works of Imam Al-Ghazali studied were Ihya 'Ulum al-Din, Al-Munqidh min al-Dalal, and Bidayat al-Hidayah. The results showed three principles in building a culture of peace: inner peace, cleansing of the soul, and noble character. This study has an implication to pay attention to mental and social aspects of creating a harmonious learning environment by strengthening the values of tolerance, empathy, justice, cooperation, and peaceful conflict resolution in the curriculum and learning. In addition, the character building of students who can communicate, think critically, and solve problems peacefully should be prioritized in education.

Konsep Pemikiran Ekonomi Islam Imam Al-Ghazali

This research aims to the concept of Imam Al-Ghazali’s thought through his famous work, it is Ihya ‘Ulum Al-din, al-Mustashfa, Mizan Al-‘Amal and al-Tibr al-Masbuk fi Nasihat al-Muluk. The method used in this research is literature study. Based on the results, it can be seen that Imam Al-Ghazali’s concept of economic thinking is Maslahah oriented. Benefit in Al-Ghazali’s perspective consists of dharuriyah, hajiyah and tahsiniyah. Business orientation in the economic cycle doesn’t only prioritize worldly life but is also oriented toward the afterlife. Apart from that, the ideas related to the economy consist of exchance and market evolution, production activities and hierarchies, the barter system and the function of money, the role of the state in fair, peaceful, and stable economic development, and public finance.

Analisis Nilai-nilai Pendidikan Karakter dalam Kitab Ihya’ ‘Ulum Al-Din dan Relevansinya dengan Pendidikan Agama Islam

Education is a coaching and guidance that is carried out by someone on an ongoing basis to students for the implementation of educational goals that require a neverending process throughout human life and things that are very important or meaningful for human life. This study aims to describe the values of character education in the book Ihya ‘Ulum Al-Din by Imam Al-Gazaly and their relevance to Islamic education. This research includes a qualitative approach with the type of library research using books, scientific articles, documents, and the like as secondary data sources, and the book of Ihya ‘Ulum Al-Din as primary data sources, then describes his research analysis in detailed words and sentences. The results show that the values of character education in the book of Ihya’ ‘Ulum Al-Din especially in Juz 1 Chapter of Science that the authors found are as follows: The values of religious character education, honesty, tolerance, responsibility, patience, politeness, curious, generous, likes to read. The values of character education contained in the book Ihya ‘Ulum Al-Din Juz 1 Chapter of Science that the researchers mentioned above are very relevant to the context of Islamic Religious Education, especially formal educational institutions.

Unveiling the Forgotten Aspect of Good Deeds: A Comparative Study of Muslims Thoughts

This article analyses the dual dimensions of good deeds (i.e. inner and outer or physical and spiritual) according to several renowned Muslim scholars. The inner or spiritual dimension of good deeds has been forgotten both in literature and practical life of Muslims. Therefore, this article is important because it highlights Muslim scholars who made earnest efforts in their own ways to rediscover the inner dimension of religious observance. This is to bring about a return in Muslim societies to a more profound reflection upon the inner dimension of the spiritual life. This article aims to highlight the insights of selected Muslim scholars on the dual dimensions of good deeds, which is the inner and outer. This article is library research which employs descriptive and analytical study. First, it describes general relevant issues before analysing specific area of the selected or main literature such as Ihya’ ‘Ulum al-Din, Qut al-Qulub and other literature. The focus of the article is rather on examining spiritual insight of selected Muslim scholars towards dual dimensions of good deeds. The article founds that these Muslim scholars affirms the existence of inner dimension of good deeds. They promulgated that only through the balanced observance of outer and inner dimensions can good deeds achieve their goals and be conducive to spiritual growth. It is suggested that further research is carried out on analysing particular spiritual preconditions of good deeds according to these renowned scholars.

THE STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT OF RELIGIOUS BEHAVIOR ACCORDING TO AL-GHAZALI, MICHAEL ARGYLE AND FEIERMAN

Psychologists have conducted empirical studies and observations to explain the development of religious behavior. Psychologists in this field such as Micheal Argyle, Feierman and Ghazali have certainly give their own theories and views in explaining the stages of development of religious behavior. This has certainly been found in many of their books. However, it would be useful to conduct an analysis to find out the views of these religious psychologists and thus be able to conclude about the development stages of religious behavior. Therefore, the objectives of this paper analyzes Argyle, Feierman and Ghazali books which is discusses the question of religious behavior. This study uses qualitative methods through document analysis approach to the work of Religious Behavior from Argyle, Biology of Religious Behavior from Feierman and Ihya Ulum Al-Din from Ghazali. The discussions of all these religious psychologists were analyzed thematically to answer the objectives of the study. The results show that the level of development of religious behavior discussed by Argyle and Feierman is through the stage of development of age from childhood stage to adult’s stage. Meanwhile, for Ghazali, he explained that the development stage of religious behavior is through the strength development of soul. The importance of this study is to find out how and why religious behavior is performed by humans.

THE STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT OF RELIGIOUS BEHAVIOR ACCORDING TO AL-GHAZALI, MICHAEL ARGYLE AND FEIERMAN

Psychologists have conducted empirical studies and observations to explain the development of religious behavior. Psychologists in this field such as Micheal Argyle, Feierman and Ghazali have certainly give their own theories and views in explaining the stages of development of religious behavior. This has certainly been found in many of their books. However, it would be useful to conduct an analysis to find out the views of these religious psychologists and thus be able to conclude about the development stages of religious behavior. Therefore, the objectives of this paper analyzes Argyle, Feierman and Ghazali books which is discusses the question of religious behavior. This study uses qualitative methods through document analysis approach to the work of Religious Behavior from Argyle, Biology of Religious Behavior from Feierman and Ihya Ulum Al-Din from Ghazali. The discussions of all these religious psychologists were analyzed thematically to answer the objectives of the study. The results show that the level of development of religious behavior discussed by Argyle and Feierman is through the stage of development of age from childhood stage to adult’s stage. Meanwhile, for Ghazali, he explained that the development stage of religious behavior is through the strength development of soul. The importance of this study is to find out how and why religious behavior is performed by humans.

Konsep Amar Ma’ruf Nahi Munkar al-Ghazali dan Relevansinya dengan Nilai-nilai Moderasi Beragama di Pondok Pesantren Sidogiri

<p class="06IsiAbstrak"><em>Ihya’ ‘Ulum al-Din </em>is one of the most studied books in the pesantren, especially in the pesantren of Sidogiri. The main reason is because the book has been considered as a book of sufism with high values of moderation. This study aims to identify the moderation values of da'wah in the <em>Ihya’</em> and examine its effect on the da'wah paradigm of pesantren of Sidogiri. This study uses Gadamer's hermeneutic approach to connect the theory in the <em>ihya'</em> and the reality of da'wah at the pesantren of Sidogiri. Data obtained through documentation, interviews and observations. This study shows that the concept of da'wah in the <em>Ihya’</em> is full of high values of religious moderation. This can be understood from the concept of <em>amr ma'ruf nahi munkar</em> which al-Ghazali explained in his work. This research also shows that the moderation value in the <em>Ihya’</em> affects the da’wah paradigm of pesantren of Sidogiri which is moderate and full of persuasive approaches.</p>

Characteristics of al-Muhtasib According to al-Ghazali (1111 AD) In Kitab Ihya' 'Ulum al-Din

Al-Muhtasib played an important role in carrying out the responsibilities of al-Amr bi al-Ma‘ruf wa al-Nahy ‘an al-Munkar through a platform named as al-Hisbah. They are appointed by the government to monitor the running of the legal system and affairs that take place in society to be in line with Islamic teachings. History has proven their success in creating a society committed to the teachings of Islam from the upper class to the lower class. In fact, it is their responsibility to enforce the law with full integrity and dedication. Therefore, this article will discuss the characteristics of al-Muhtasib so that they can play a good and effective role. Document analysis method used to see in detail the relevant features written by al-Ghazali in Kitab al-Amr bi al-Ma'ruf wa al-Nahy 'an al-Munkar, one of the gist in Kitab Ihya' 'Ulum al-Din. The study to find the characteristics of al-Muhtasib as primarily a Muslim, mukallaf, capable, ‘adalah, has been granted authorization from the government and knowledgeable. His views on this issue are almost identical to those of other Islamic scholars.

AL-GHAZALI'S THOUGHTS ON AMAR MAKRUF NAHI MUNKAR (AMNM) AGAINST THE GOVERNMENT IN IHYA’ ‘ULUM AL-DIN

Ponte Academic JournalMar 2021, Volume 77, Issue 3 AL-GHAZALI'S THOUGHTS ON AMAR MAKRUF NAHI MUNKAR (AMNM) AGAINST THE GOVERNMENT IN IHYA’ ‘ULUM AL-DINAuthor(s): Wan Hishamudin Wan Jusoh ,Zawawi Ismail, Mohd Nizam Shad, Mohd Hasrul Shuhari, Mohd Sani Ismail, Norizan Abdul Ghani, Muhammad Rashidi Wahab, Aman Daima Md ZainJ. Ponte - Mar 2021 - Volume 77 - Issue 3 doi: 10.21506/j.ponte.2021.3.6 Abstract:This article discusses al-Ghazali's thoughts on the method of amar makruf nahi munkar (AMNM) against the government. The purpose of this discussion is to understand the method employed by al-Ghazali to call rulers to goodness and prevent them from evil. This is because, a good government will enhance peacefulness and prosperity of the country as well as the community. To achieve this goal, the method of content analysis is conducted on the text of his essay which is Kitab al-Amr bi al-Ma’ruf wa al-Nahy ‘an al-Munkar which is also one of the topics in Kitab Ihya’ ‘Ulum al-Din. He proposed four approaches, namely al-ta’rif, al-wa’z, al-takhshin fi al-qawl and al-man’ bi al-qahr. The four methods are not directly stated by him. Thus, this paper describes the four methods and found that al-Ghazali viewed AMNM against the government is possible with all the methods mentioned except al-man’ bi al-qahr. Download full text:Check if you have access through your login credentials or your institution Username Password

TRANSFORMASI PEMIKIRAN AL-GHAZALI DARI KECENDERUNGAN RASIONAL KE SUFISTIK (Telaah Kritis Epistemologi Sejarah Pemikiran)

Discussing the transformation of Al-Ghazali's thinking from rational tendency to sufistic is not as easy as al-Ghazali immediately changing the character of his thinking. This transformation process is very long. Over a long period of time, within al-Ghazali there was a transformation in his speculative interests, and even his outlook on life. He was not interested in philosophy anymore, and devoted himself entirely to Sufism and the renewal of orthodox Islamic teachings. In the aftermath of the psychological crisis and his escape in Sufism, he produced a book that became a magnum opus for al-Ghazali, Ihya' Ulum Al-Din. However, he is still remembered and inspires Muslims afterwards especially in the matter of fiqh, theology, philosophy, and also sufism which became the conversion of the end point of his scientific imagination options. This research uses library research design and uses al-Ghazali's rational-sufistic epstemology historical approach with the theory of transformation in al-Ghazali's Intellectual history from rational to sufistic.

CONCEPT OF ISLAMIC EDUCATION PSYCHOLOGY IN IHYA’ ‘ULUM AL-DIN BY AL-GHAZALI

The concept of Islamic education psychology in Al-Ghazali's Ihya' 'ulum al-din is a tazkiyah an-Nafs effort that is taken through learning. This study aims to analyze the concept of Islamic education psychology in the book Ihya' 'ulum al-din through modern educational psychology theories and the impact of their application on the psychology of Islamic education today. This research uses a qualitative approach with a literature study method. Analysis, data sources and testing the validity of research data through reference materials (scientific). The results of this study indicate that the results of this study indicate that (1) the psychological concept of Islamic education contained in the book Ihya 'Ulum al-Din hints at the integrity and balance between science, educators and students as potential spirits to change one's behavior or character. (2) the psychology of Islamic education in the book Ihya 'Ulum al-Din has an influence on the world of psychology in general. This is tested through analysis of modern theories, namely behaviorism, psychoanalysis, humanistic and transpersonal. (3) The potential of the book Ihya 'Ulum al-Din and its contribution to contemporary psychology is considered to be very large. This can be seen from the efforts to balance and the principle of integrity between science, educators and students and help analyze the phenomena of Islamic education from the beginning in a psychological perspective. This is tested through analysis of modern theories, namely behaviorism, psychoanalysis, humanistic and transpersonal. (3) The potential of the book Ihya 'Ulum al-Din and its contribution to contemporary psychology is considered to be very large. This can be seen from the efforts to balance and the principle of integrity between science, educators and students and help analyze the phenomena of Islamic education from the beginning in a psychological perspective. This is tested through analysis of modern theories, namely behaviorism, psychoanalysis, humanistic and transpersonal. (3) The potential of the book Ihya 'Ulum al-Din and its contribution to contemporary psychology is considered to be very large. This can be seen from the efforts to balance and the principle of integrity between science, educators and students and help analyze the phenomena of Islamic education from the beginning in a psychological perspective.

KONTRIBUSI IMAM AL-GHAZALI TERHADAP EKSISTENSI TASAWUF

In the first and second centuries of the Hijrah before the presence of Imam al-Ghazali, whose teachings of Sufism at that time were moral and practical, in the third and fourth centuries of Hijrah the teachings of Sufism developed towards philosophical understandings such as Ittihad and Hulul which are viewed by some scholars (theologians and fuqaha) have deviated from the teachings of Islam, as a result of which Sufism almost dies. In such a situation, in the fifth century AH, Imam al-Ghazali appeared to save him by trying to integrate between the teachings of Sufism with the teachings of fiqh and kalam, between fact and sharia, as can be seen in his book Ihya '' Ulum al-Din (Reviving the Sciences Religion), so he is often referred to as Hujjatul Islam (Defender of Islam) because of his efforts to harmonize the teachings of Islam in complete unity.

Konsep Moneter Al-Ghazali: Sejarah dan Fungsi Uang

Purpose- The purpose of this article is to provide an explanation and reasoning on the monetary concept written by Al-Ghazali in his book Ihya ‘Ulum al-Din.
 Methods- The literature review method is carried out to obtain relevant information regarding al-Ghazali's monetary concept.
 Finding - According to Al-Ghazali, money only functions as an intermediary to other goods and as a medium of exchange of goods. Money is not a commodity and therefore cannot be traded at a certain price. The money will make a good contribution if a country can make money as it functions. God created gold and silver to make it easy for humans to make fair transactions. The function of money according to al-Ghazali is appropriate to be a basic guide or guideline in Islamic economics.
 Implications- This article can provide benefits both theoretically and in practice regarding the concept of money in central civilization and its suitability with the present.

Business Ethics: Analysis of al-Ghazali's Economic Thought With Sufism Approach

Business is a sector that is practiced by everyone, one reason why many people who are struggling in this sector is driven by their desire to live in prosperity. There is a lot of understanding out there that says that business ethics don't have to be involved, because it will hinder income be earned. This research is a research library with descriptive approaches, which are describing the analysis of Business Ethics: Analysis Of Al-Ghazali's Economic Thought With Sufism Approach. The method of collecting data in this study is documentation, journals and books. Then analyzed using content analysis, which is by analyzing the library data that is descriptive or scientific analysis of the message premise. Data analysis methods are deductive, inductive and comparative. understanding of Al-Ghazali (450-505) regarding the function of ethics in business. According to him, ethics is very important to be included in business activities. We find many ideas like this in some of the phenomenal works, especially in the book Ihya Ulum al-Din. In that case the writer tries to trace some works related to his thoughts, with great hope that he will get the whole idea about ethics in business

Sufism Study in Communication Perspective

Sufism is one of the fields of Islamic studies that focus on cleansing the spiritual aspects of humans, which in turn leads to noble morals. Through this study of Sufism one can find out about ways to do self-cleaning and practice correctly. From this knowledge it is hoped that he will appear as someone who is good at controlling himself when he interacts with others, or when carrying out activities that require honesty, sincerity, responsibility, trust and others. If viewed from the perspective of humans as limited beings, Sufism can be defined as an effort to purify self by way of distancing the influence of world life will focus attention only on Allah. Sufism comes from the Qur'an and Sunnah although in its development it was influenced by foreign elements. Sufism has developed since the end of the second century Hijri, although in the first century the hijri had been seen in the ascetic life form (zuhud) practiced by the Prophet and the ma'rifah sahabatuan. There are several approaches in Sufism study, thematic approach, figure study approach and combination approach. The main figures and works in the study of Sufism include Imam Al-Ghazali with his momental work Ihya ‘Ulum al-Din, Ibn Arabi with his work Al-Futuhat al-Makkiyah and Fushush al-Hikam and others mentioned earlier. The latest development of Sufism stems from the thought of Fazlur Rahman with the concept of neo sufism. In Indonesia, Hamka has featured the term modern Sufism in his book "Modern Sufism". If Al-Ghazali requires uzlah in the exploration of the quality of nature, then Hamka actually wants a true truth seeker to remain active in various aspects of people's lives.

Ethics Relevance of Interpersonal Communication in Ihya Ulun Al-Din with Islamic Communication

The purpose of this research were to analyze and relate what was conveyed by Al-Ghazali about communication and interpersonal through his work which was abandoned by the author 900 years ago with the phenomenon of conventional communication developed by communication experts in the current era with the formulation of the problem namely; First, what is the ethics of Interpersonal communication in the Ulum Al-Din Ihya book by Imam Al-Ghazali: Second, What is the relevance of the ethics of interpersonal communication in IhyaUlum Al-Din by Imam Al-Ghazali with Islamic communication ethics in the Qur'an, - Imam Al-Ghazali's work qualitatively regarding the ethics of interpersonal communication. Primary data sources, namely the main data source of the author is literature by Imam al-Ghazali, especially in Sufism which focuses on the book IhyaUlum Al-Din. In terms of data collection, the author took a library survey technique and literature study, a library survey that is collecting data in the form of a number of literature. The collected data will be analyzed using the principle of content analysis. Research findings include; 1). Ethics of Interpersonal Communication according to Imam Al-Ghazali in the book IhyaUlum Al-din, consists of ethics messages on interpersonal communication with fellow human beings which includes good oral communication ethics, mutual help and forgiveness of others, have a generous nature. The relevance of Imam Al-Ghazali's communication ethics with Islamic religious communication contained in the Koran, in that context, there are six da'wah communications according to the Qur'an or also called Islamic communication principles.

Kontribusi Kiai Shaleh Darat dalam Penulisan Tafsir di Indonesia

This article discusses the contribution of Kiai Shaleh Darat, a prominent Muslim scholar as well as a noticeable warrior against Western invaders, in writing Qur’anic commentaries in Indonesia. His Qur’anic commentary entitled Fayd al-Rahman fi Tarjamat Tafsir Kalam Malik al-Dayyan, written in Javanese-Arabic (pegon), is not only considered as a representation of Javanese identity, but also as a means of resistance against Dutch colonialism. Through interpretation, he is not only giving an understanding of the Qur’an, but also managing a resistance through the Qur’anic exegesis. That is because at that time the Dutch government forbade the translation of the Qur’an. This interpretation is written using the method of tahlili (explanation) with Sufis nuance which becomes the spirit in each word of his interpretation. Shaleh Darat was greatly influenced by Sufism figures such as Imam al-Ghazali through his Ihya’ ‘Ulum al-Din and Ibn ‘Ata’illah through his Hikam. Thi article eventually argues that Fayd al-Rahman has, at least, three contributive manifestations in the discourse of Indonesia Qur’anic interpretation: the Qur’anic sufism, cultural resistance, and community development in instilling the values of goodness.

PENDIDIKAN DALAM PANDANGAN AL-GHAZALI

Al-Ghazali was a phenomenon moslem in his era and the era after him. It was because his discuses have influance till day. As a multidicipline thinker and a philosopher, he also has an thought about education as we can read in his masterpiece “Ihya’ ‘ulum al-din” and other books. His educational thoughts mostly are about morality of education; the morality of student such as how the students must have characters till methode of studying; the morality of teacher such as how the teachers mush have habit; the morality of knowledge and kinds of knowledge. Wich one of bad knowledge and wich one of a good knowledge. Al-Ghazali’s thoughts have been infuance to moslem society till to day in each moslem world.

Diskursus Uang dalam Kitab Ihya’ Ulum Al-Din Karya Al-Ghazali

Abstract:Study of the concept of Money, according to al-Ghazali (the study Analysis in the book Ihya ' Ulum al-Din) is something that is interesting al-Ghazali figures considering with the depth of their knowledge no doubt by a muslin or non muslim thinkers of the times until now, she was known as an expert tasawauf than an economist. However, al-Ghazali turns out to have an independent view on the issue of money. The question that arises is how the concept of money, according to al-Ghazali's Ihya Ulum al in Al-Din?This research used the qualitative approach, and the Office research library research. As a first step in this research is an inventory of data sources, namely the collection of references that are relevant to research topics, in accordance with the research objectives. From the sources of the data, collected, identified and recorded all of the information that has relevance to the themes of researchOf research results as well as searches of the Ihya ' Ulum al-Din, was that the concept of money al-Ghazali is inseparable with ethical values, al-Ghazali argues that money is something which is very important in business activity, because money is one of the delights of God, money is the enforcement of the world, and humans will always need it, then al-Ghazali argued that the function of money is as a means of Exchange is not as a commodity that could be sold. Al-Ghazali warned of the dangers of false money and how the solution, so also he warned that the danger of usury can damage the joints, so that Muslims are always vigilant and always ask for the fatwas of the scholars in order to avoid the usury.Keyword: Money, al-Ghazali, Analysis