Ultraviolet-visible Absorption Spectrophotometry Research Articles

Synthesis, characterization and biological applications of a new nano-sized binuclear copper(II) complex containing bathophenanthroline and ellagic acid as ligands

A new binuclear copper(II) complex, nano-[Cu2-(DIP)2-EA], was synthesized by using bathophenanthroline and ellagic acid ligands in a multi-component/one-pot method, and then characterized by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry (UV–vis), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). The antioxidant, antibacterial, and anticancer properties of the synthesized nano-[Cu2-(DIP)2-EA] were studied. The DPPH radical test pointed out that the nano-[Cu2-(DIP)2-EA] enjoys a good potential (28.4 %) to scavenge free radicals and the bacteria culture indicated a moderate ability of the complex to prevent the growth and proliferation of gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29,213) and gram-negative ones (Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27,853). The cell culture displayed a superior ability of nano-[Cu2-(DIP)2-EA] to destroy breast cancer cells (MCF-7) compared to ellagic acid. In addition, the binding interaction of nano-[Cu2-(DIP)2-EA] with ct-DNA was studied in vitro (pH 7.40) by ultraviolet-visible absorption spectrophotometry, fluorescence emission spectrofluorimetry, circular dichroism (CD) spectropolarimetry, viscosity assessment technique, and molecular docking computer simulation. The results of the fluorescence enhancement spectra clearly showed a desirable affinity of nano-[Cu2-(DIP)2-EA] to ct-DNA. A hyperchromic effect was observed along with a slight red shift in the UV-visible spectra of nano-[Cu2-(DIP)2-EA]-DNA adduct, indicating that the nano-[Cu2-(DIP)2-EA] can form a conjugate with ct-DNA molecule. Thermodynamic properties exhibited an exothermic spontaneous formation of nano-[Cu2-(DIP)2-EA]-DNA adduct favored by H-bonds and van der Waals forces. The competitive emission investigations using methylene blue (MB) and Hoechst 33,258 demonstrated that the binuclear copper(II) can replace the DNA-bound Hoechst and interact via minor grooves, as confirmed also by negligible viscosity alterations. The CD observations proposed that the nano-[Cu2-(DIP)2-EA] induces conformational changes in the ct-DNA. Molecular docking modeling results recognized a minor groove mechanism of nano-[Cu2-(DIP)2-EA] to interact with ct-DNA, and the complexation process is supported by H-bonds and van der Waals interactions.

A Ratiometric Fluorescent Sensor for Penicillin G Based on Color-Tunable Gold-Silver Nanoclusters.

Excessive administration of penicillin G and improper disposal of its residues pose a serious risk to human health; therefore, the development of convenient methods for monitoring penicillin G levels in products is essential. Herein, novel gold-silver nanoclusters (AuAgNCs) were synthesized using chicken egg white and 6-aza-2-thiothymine as dual ligands with strong yellow fluorescence at 509 and 689 nm for the highly selective detection of penicillin G. The AuAgNCs were characterized using transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible absorption spectrophotometry, and fluorescence spectrophotometry. Under optimum conditions, the fluorescence intensity decreased linearly with the concentration of penicillin G from 0.2 to 6 μM, with a low detection limit of 18 nM. Real sample analyses indicated that a sensor developed using the AuAgNCs could detect penicillin G in urine and water samples within 10 min, with the recoveries ranging from 99.7 to 104.0%. The particle size of the AuAgNCs increased from 1.80 to 9.06 nm in the presence of penicillin G. We believe the aggregation-induced quenching of the fluorescence of the AuAgNCs was the main mechanism for the detection of penicillin G. These results demonstrate the ability of our sensor for monitoring penicillin G levels in environmental and clinic samples.

A green approach for decolorising azo dyes by using AlCrFeMn-based high-entropy alloys doped with nonmetallic elements (S, P and C)

The effects of nonmetallic elements Sulfur (S), Phosphorus (P) and Carbon (C) on the decolorisation of azo dye direct blue 6 (DB6) by using ball-milled (BM) Co-free AlCrFeMn (S0) high-entropy alloy (HEA) are presented for the first time in this work. We report the approach of adding S, P and C into S0 HEA in a single step by ball milling, and it is environment friendly method. Moreover, HEAs added with S, P and C do not cause secondary pollution of water during decolorisation recation. DB6 dye solution (200 mg/L) can be fully decolorised in 0.3, 1.9 and 3.3 min with 0.5 g/L of BM AlCrFeMnS (SS), AlCrFeMnP (SP), and AlCrFeMnC (SC), which are about 42, 6.6 and 3.8 times faster than that of S0, respectively. The efficiency of SS for DB6 is 126,000 times that of commercially available pure iron powders. The activation energy of SS is 36.3 kJ/mol, which is lower than that of S0 (54.6 kJ/mol). The extremely high decolorisation efficiency is closely related with the formation of a large number of galvanic cells in SS, SP and SC between the metal and nonmetal elements, which greatly increases the amount and efficiency of electron transfer. The decolorisation efficiency of DB6 solution is assessed by ultraviolet–visible absorption spectrophotometry. The decolorisation rate follows pseudo-first-order reaction kinetics with respect to dye concentration. The results of this study provide some enlightenment for researchers in the application of HEAs in wastewater treatment.

Graphitic Carbon Nitride/Ni Doped Copper Hydroxide Nanocomposite Based Electrochemical Sensor for Trace Level Detection of Ponceau 4R Food Colorant

In this work, a new nanocomposite of nickel-doped copper hydroxide nanoparticles/graphitic carbon nitride was prepared and used to modify the surface of glassy carbon electrode (Ni:Cu(OH)2/g-C3N4/GCE) without any binder. The modified electrode was employed to determine Ponceau 4 R food colorant in aqueous solution by square wave voltammetry. The newly prepared nanocomposite was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible absorption spectrophotometry, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Under optimal experimental conditions, Ni:Cu(OH)2/g-C3N4/GCE presented a linear response to Ponceau 4 R oxidation in the concentration range from 0.1 to 10 μM with a detection limit of 56 nM and sensitivity of 2.273 μA μM−1. Besides, acceptable selectivity against interfering species, good stability and high reproducibility of the electro-oxidation response for 400 successive measurements of Ponceau 4 R on a modified electrode after regeneration in 0.1 M NaOH solution are other advantages of the fabricated electrode. The developed sensor was successfully for the analysis of Ponceau 4 R in complex matrices such as fruit juice and jelly samples with acceptable recoveries.

Extraction of the Anticancer and Antimicrobial Agent, Prodigiosin, from Vibrio gazogenes PB1 and Its Identification by 1D and 2D NMR.

Prodigiosin is a secondary metabolite produced in several species of bacteria. It exhibits antimicrobial and anticancer properties. Methods for the extraction and identification of prodigiosin and their related derivatives from bacterial cultures typically depend on solvent-based extractions followed by NMR spectroscopy. The estuarine bacterium, V. gazogenes PB1, was previously shown to produce prodigiosin. This conclusion, however, was based on analytical data obtained from ultraviolet-visible absorption spectrophotometry and infrared spectroscopy. Complete dependence on these techniques would be considered inadequate for the accurate identification of the various members of the prodiginine family of compounds, which possess very similar chemical structures and near-identical optical properties. In this study, we extracted prodigiosin from a culture of Vibrio gazogenes PB1 cultivated in minimal media, and for the first time, confirmed the synthesis of prodigiosin Vibrio gazogenes PB1 using NMR techniques. The chemical structure was validated by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, and further corroborated by 2D NMR, which included 1H-1H-gDQFCOSY, 1H-13C-gHSQC, and 1H-13C-gHMBC, as well as 1H-1H-homonuclear decoupling experiments. Based on this data, previous NMR spectral assignments of prodigiosin are reaffirmed and in some cases, corrected. The findings will be particularly relevant for experimental work relating to the use of V. gazogenes PB1 as a host for the synthesis of prodigiosin.

Antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles against field and reference strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium bovis and multiple-drug-resistant tuberculosis strains.

Tuberculosis (TB) is an endemic disease in animals and humans in Egypt. This study aims to investigate the antimycobacterial activity of silver nanoparticles(AgNPs) by determining the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of AgNPs, using the microplate Alamar blue assay. The AgNPs were chemically synthesised and their form and size were characterised by ultraviolet-visible absorption spectrophotometry, transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction.The reference strains of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium tuberculosisH37Rv, and one multiple-drug-resistant (MDR) strain of M. tuberculosis were tested, as well as clinical isolates of M. bovis and M. tuberculosis. The AgNPs were tetrahydral with a few spherical particles and an average particle size of 50 nm. The mycobacterial strains were varied with MICs of AgNPs. Both reference strains of M. tuberculosis and M. bovis, in addition to the MDR strain of M. tuberculosis, were successfully inhibited by AgNPs at MICs of 1 ?g/ml, 4 ?g/ml and 16 ?g/ml, respectively, whereas clinical isolates of M. bovis and M. tuberculosis were inhibited at MIC values of 4-32 ?g/ml and 1-16 ?g/ml, respectively. The AgNPs showed an in vitro chemotherapeutic effect against Mycobacterium spp.Thus, they can be used to treat TB not only in humans but also in animals, and maybe useful in TB prevention and control strategies worldwide.

Preparation of Pd–Au/TiO2–WO3 to enhance photoreduction of CO2 to CH4 and CO

In this study, Pd–Au/TiO2–WO3 nanoparticles were successfully prepared using a hydrothermal and sol-gel route and applied to the photoreduction of CO2 under UV visible-light irradiation. The synthesized Pd–Au/TiO2–WO3 nanoparticles were characterized using X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area measurement, ultraviolet–visible absorption spectrophotometry, and photoluminescence analysis. The experimental results showed that Pd–Au/TiO2–WO3 nanoparticles with the appropriate amounts of Pd and Au achieved the highest activity for CO2 photoreduction. Among the synthesized Pd–Au/TiO2-WO3 nanoparticles, the highest production rates of CH4 and CO, 39.1 μmol g−1 h−1 and 271.3 μmol g−1 h−1, respectively, were observed with 0.5 wt%Pd-0.1 wt%Au/TiO2-WO3, manifesting a significant 247-fold enhancement of CO yield over TiO2. Moreover, 0.5 wt%Pd-0.1 wt%Au/TiO2-WO3 exhibited a 43-fold higher CH4 production rate than did TiO2 alone. This might be attributed to the increased specific surface area (72.9 m2 g−1) and the low recombination rate of photogenerated electron-hole pairs. Based on the results, a plausible mechanism for CO2 photoreduction that uses synthesized Pd–Au/TiO2–WO3 is discussed in this paper. This study demonstrated that Pd–Au/TiO2–WO3 is a promising candidate for the development of an efficient photocatalyst for CO2 photoreduction under solar light irradiation.

Morphology control and optical properties of Bi 2 O 3 crystals prepared by low‐temperature liquid phase method

γ-Bi2O3 powders were prepared from [Bi(NO3)3·5H2O] and NaOH through low-temperature liquid phase method at <90°C. This process featured low cost, simplicity and a normal pressure. Bismuth oxides were synthesised in large quantities in water systems. Morphology, structure and optical properties were characterised by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and ultraviolet visible absorption spectrophotometry (UV–Vis). The SEM indicated that tetrahedral Bi2O3 with the edge length of 1–5 μm was formed. The FTIR spectra show a chemical bond of Bi–O existed. Bi2O3 presents the photo absorption properties from UV light region to visible light and the band gap of the Bi2O3 is 3.0 eV.

Novel Potentiometric Sensor Based on Molecular Imprinted Polyacrylamide for the Determination of Shikimic Acid in Herbal Medicine

ABSTRACTA novel potentiometric sensor based on a molecular imprinted polymer was developed for the determination of shikimic acid in herbal medicine. The imprinted polymer was synthesized via bulk polymerization of the functional monomer in the presence of trimethylolpropane triacrylate as the cross-linker with 2,2′-azo-bisisobutyronitrile as the initiator and shikimic acid as the template. The sensing membrane was constructed by the inclusion of imprinted polymer in the polyvinyl chloride matrix. The effect of the identity of the imprinted polymer on the potentiometric response was observed. The optimal imprinted polyacrylamide was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The performance of the imprinted membrane based sensor, including the effects of pH, response time and selectivity coefficient, was investigated. The imprinted sensor exhibited a fast near-Nernstian response in the concentration range of 1 × 10−5 to 1 × 10−1 mol/L with a detection limit of 9 × 10−6 mol/L. The analytical performance of the sensor supported the direct determination of shikimic acid in herbs, and the obtained results were validated by ultraviolet-visible absorption spectrophotometry. Advantages of the potentiometric sensor include enhanced sensitivity, high selectivity, long-term stability and low-cost fabrication, suggesting the device offers promise for the analysis of Chinese herbal medicine.

High efficiency decolorization of azo dye Reactive Black 5 by Ca-Al particles

This work studies the degradation of azo dye Reactive Black 5 by Ca-Al metallic particles prepared by melt-spinning and ball-milling. The morphology and the phase structure of the metallic powders were characterized and the decolorization efficiency of Reactive Black 5 solutions were assessed by monitoring the dye degradation by ultraviolet-visible absorption spectrophotometry. The decolorization process using the Ca-Al powders showed fast kinetics and high efficiency. 40mgL−1 dye solution was successfully decolorized in 1min using 0.1g/100mL of Ca65Al35 powder, suggesting it as an effective, low-cost means for degradation of azo-compounds.

Influence of Hydrolyzed Polyacrylamide (HPAM) Molecular Weight on the Cross-Linking Reaction of the HPAM/Cr3+ System and Transportation of the HPAM/Cr3+ System in Microfractures

The influence of the molecular weight (Mw) of hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) on the cross-linking reaction of HPAM/Cr3+ and the transportation of HPAM/Cr3+ in microfractures is systematically studied using viscometry, ultraviolet–visible absorption spectrophotometry, and displacement experiment with a visual microfractured model. The results show that a high-Mw HPAM is advantageous to the intramolecular cross-linking reaction of the HPAM/Cr3+ system but disadvantageous to the transportation of the HPAM/Cr3+ system in microfractures. At the intramolecular cross-linking stage, the injection pressure of the HPAM/Cr3+ system in microfractures is almost equal to that of the HPAM solution, which undergoes no change with the degree of the cross-linking reaction. The higher the HPAM Mw, the earlier the intramolecular cross-linking ends (thus, the intermolecular cross-linking reaction of HPAM/Cr3+ occurs earlier, which leads to an earlier increase in the injection pressure of the HPAM/Cr3+ system). Moreover, there is a matching relationship between the fracture aperture and the HPAM/Cr3+ system to minimize the chromatographic separation when the HPAM/Cr3+ system transports in the microfracture. For the conformance control of a fractured tight oil reservoir, we conclude that an HPAM/Cr3+ system with a low-Mw HPAM can more easily enter the deep reservoir to expand the swept volume on a larger scale. However, the system with a high-Mw HPAM can form a gel with a higher viscosity to produce a higher plugging strength.

Synthesis and Optical Properties of SnO2 Structures with Different Morphologies via Hydrothermal Method

SnO2 nanosheets with sizes around 1 μm and thickness around 30 nm have been synthesized by a template-free hydrothermal method. With the addition of urea, SnO2 hollow microspheres with diameters of about 1 μm and shell thickness of about 200 nm were also prepared. The structures, morphologies, and optical properties of the as-prepared samples were characterized by x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and selected area electron diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and ultraviolet-visible absorption spectrophotometry. The possible mechanisms for the growth of these SnO2 nanostructures were tentatively proposed based on controlled experiments. Moreover, photocatalytic investigations revealed that the as-prepared SnO2 samples possessed good photocatalytic activity in the degradation of rhodamine B.

典型持久性有机污染物与抑癌基因相互作用的分子模拟与验证

Synthetic organic chemical pollutants are a serious problem to human welfare and the environment. Ecological risk assessment of synthetic organic compounds offers a precautionary approach that assesses the potential danger of these pollutants. The development of a computational toxicology model based on the mechanism should be able to predict the risks of chemicals efficiently and prioritize pollutants. Molecular simulations and spectroscopic techniques were used to study the interaction between 2,2,4,4-tetra-bromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) and the promoter region segment of the p53 gene (p53-DNA). The spectroscopic methods included ultraviolet-visible absorption spectrophotometry, fluorescence spectroscopy using ethidium bromide (EB) as the fluorescent probe, and measurement of the melting point. As revealed by molecular docking, BDE-47 intercalated partially with p53-DNA, and π-π and groove binding interactions between BDE-47 and p53-DNA were observed. Spectroscopic results showed that as the concentration of BDE-47 increased, p53-DNA produced a hyperchromic effect and the fluorescence system of EB-p53-DNA had a static quenching effect. This suggests that the binding mode of BDE-47 with p53-DNA involved partial intercalation accompanied by groove binding interactions. Thus, the spectroscopic results are congruent with the molecular simulations. The binding constant was calculated to be 7.24×103 L/mol. The mechanism of the interaction between BDE-47 and p53-DNA was elucidated at atomic resolution, which provides the molecular basis for risk screening and management of chemicals.

Low-Temperature Hydrothermal Synthesis of Green Luminescent Carbon Quantum Dots (CQD), and Optical Properties of Blends of the CQD with Poly(3-hexylthiophene)

Carbon quantum dots (CQD) emitting green photoluminescence (PL; emission peak at 500 nm) with satisfactory quantum yield (12.1%) were synthesized by a low-temperature hydrothermal method (90°C for 2 h) with l-ascorbic acid as carbon source and ethanediamine as catalyst. The as-prepared CQD dispersed readily in aqueous media, were of average diameter 6.2 nm, and their PL performance was excitation-independent. The photoluminescence wavelength of the CQD was pH-independent but the photoluminescence intensity was pH-dependent. Films of the composite materials poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and the CQD were prepared by spin-coating and characterized by ultraviolet–visible absorption spectrophotometry and fluorescence spectrometry. The results revealed enhanced ultraviolet–visible absorption of the P3HT–CQD film compared with pure P3HT and substantially reduced PL intensity of the blend film. Experimental and theoretical results indicate the feasibility of using the CQD as a new acceptor material in polymeric photovoltaic devices.

Preparation of silver colloids with improved uniformity and stable surface-enhanced Raman scattering.

Silver colloids of uniform shape and size are prepared by a two-step reduction. Small silver particles form initially by the rapid reduction of silver nitrate with sodium citrate at 100°C and then grow at 92°C. The reaction processes and resulting silver colloids are characterized by transmission electron microscopy, ultraviolet–visible absorption spectrophotometry, zeta-potential measurements, and Ag+ concentration analysis. The surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) activity of the silver colloids is then investigated, using crystal violet (CV) as a SERS probe. The silver colloids exhibit uniform shape and size and stable SERS activity. The average size of the silver particles is 47 nm (14% relative standard deviation), while the average sizes of the silver colloids prepared at 100°C and 92°C are 41 (30%) and 71 nm (33%), respectively.

Layer-by-layer assembled ionic-liquid functionalized graphene–polyaniline nanocomposite with enhanced electrochemical sensing properties

In this work, a novel graphene–polyaniline nanocomposite thin film was prepared by the electrostatic layer-by-layer assembly of positively charged graphene sheets functionalized by ionic liquid (IL-GR) and negatively charged sulfonated polyaniline (s-PANI). The use of IL not only enhanced the dispersibility of the graphene sheets, but also provided a positive charge to the graphene thus facilitating the growth of multilayered films. More importantly, it enhanced the electron transport pathway between the graphene sheets and PANI, which is beneficial to the electrocatalytic properties of IL-GR–s-PANI hybrids. Ultraviolet-visible absorption spectrophotometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and cyclic voltammetry results demonstrated the successful fabrication of the IL-GR–s-PANI hybrid multilayered films. Application of the IL-GR–s-PANI hybrid film in electrochemical sensing was further demonstrated using H2O2 as a model analyte. The IL-GR–s-PANI hybrid film was shown to have excellent electrocatalytic activity towards H2O2, resulting in a non-enzymatic H2O2 sensor with a very fast response time (less than 2 s). The proposed IL-GR–s-PANI film based sensor exhibited a wide linear detection range for H2O2 from 0.5 to 2000 μM with an ultralow detection limit of 0.06 μM (signal/noise = 3), which outperformed most previously reported H2O2 electrochemical sensors. In addition, good anti-interference and stability were also demonstrated. The IL-GR–s-PANI based sensor was shown to be highly sensitive and selective, fast and stable for the electrochemical sensing of H2O2, which is promising for the development of an enzymeless H2O2 sensor.

Hydrothermal synthesis of Cu0.45Mn0.55O2 nanowhiskers: Structural characterizations and optical properties

We report the hydrothermal-growth of 3D flower-like Cu0.45Mn0.55O2 nanowhiskers self-assembled by interconnecting single-crystalline nanosheets. FESEM analysis shows that the size of Cu0.45Mn0.55O2 nanowhiskers is in the range of 1–2μm. Structural investigations reveal that the phase of Cu0.45Mn0.55O2 nanostructures is insensitive after exposure to electron beam irradiation. The novel photoluminescence spectra of the as-prepared nanograined Cu0.45Mn0.55O2 exhibit prominent emission bands located in green–violet spectral region. Ultraviolet–visible absorption spectrophotometry was used to determine the absorption behavior of Cu0.45Mn0.55O2 nanostructures and a direct optical band gap of 2.53eV was acquired by the Davis–Mott model.

Isothermal crystallization kinetics and effect of crystallinity on the optical properties of nanosized CeO2 powder

The isothermal crystallization kinetics and effect of crystallinity on the optical properties of cerium dioxide (CeO2) nanopowders synthesized using a coprecipitation route at 293K and pH 9 were investigated using X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, selected area electron diffraction, and ultraviolet–visible absorption spectrophotometry. The activation energy of CeO2 crystallization from dried cerium dioxide precursor powders by isothermal method of 64.1±3.24kJ/mol was obtained. The average value of the growth morphology parameter (n) is 1.94, meaning that two-dimensional growth with plate-like morphology was the primary mechanism of CeO2 crystallization from cerium dioxide precursor powders. The indirect band gap energy (Ei) of CeO2 decreased from 3.03eV to 2.83eV when the crystallinity increased from 18% to 82%, and the direct band gap energy (Ed) of CeO2 also decreased from 3.76eV to 3.64eV.

Electrochemical determination of trichloroacetic acid using an ionic liquid functionalized graphene–AgPd alloy nanoparticle composite modified electrode with the enhancement effect of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide

AgPd nanoparticles were assembled on ionic liquid-functionalized graphene by electrostatic interaction to form a graphene–metal composite. The resulting hybrid nanomaterial was characterized by transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and ultraviolet-visible absorption spectrophotometry. The AgPd nanoparticles were confirmed to be alloy and they were well dispersed on the ionic liquid-functionalized graphene sheets. The hybrid nanomaterial showed striking electrocatalytic activity toward the reduction of trichloroacetic acid (TCA). At the hybrid nanomaterial modified glassy carbon electrode, TCA exhibited a cathodic peak at about −0.65 V (vs. SCE) in pH 7 phosphate buffer solution, which was further enhanced by cetyltrimethylammonium bromide. Under the optimal conditions, the determination of TCA was performed with a linear range of 0.5–50 μM and a detection limit of 0.2 μM (S/N = 3).

Sol–gel synthesis of organic–inorganic hybrid materials comprising boehmite, silica, and thiazole dye

A hybrid material was prepared from a boehmite sol and a thiazole derived azo dye. The thiazole azo dyes were subjected to hydrolytic polycondensation with vinyltriethoxysilane, tetraethoxysilane, and aluminium isopropoxide in different ratios to afford a hybrid of boehmite, silica, and the thiazole heterocycle azo dye. The structures of these hybrid materials were characterized using X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared analysis, 29Si- and 27Al-nuclear magnetic resonance, ultraviolet–visible absorption spectrophotometry, and an energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy.