Ultrasonic Processing Technology Research Articles

Применение ультразвука в процессе аддитивного производства пластиковых деталей

Despite huge prospects for the layer-by-layer synthesis of products, which makes it possible to produce parts of a unique shape, the widespread use of the method face the problems of making a proper microgeometry of the product surface, which due to the peculiarities of layer-by-layer production is rather rough, and mechanical methods of machine working often do not admit the possibility of figure-shaped parts post processing. The article studies the problem of ensuring the quality of the plastic parts surface layer obtained by additive technologies. For this purpose, it is proposed to use ultrasonic processing technologies. The existing methods of using ultrasonic vibrations in the production of plastic parts are analyzed: the manufacture of wire for 3D printing with additives, which results in an increase in the mechanical properties of the product. Besides, liquid treatment of a solvent-loaded product in order to remove supporting elements. Studies have been carried out on the finishing of parts in a solvent aerosol obtained by ultrasonic spraying. This method has a number of advantages in comparison with the treatment in solvent vapors obtained during its heating, which include the possibility of regulating the size of droplets, their moving speed, aerosol concentration, caused by changing the modes of ultrasonic treatment. As a result of experimental studies, it is found that the use of this treatment method eventuates an increase in the quality of the sample surfaces to be worked, and besides, it reduces the height parameters of roughness in the direction perpendicular to the layered growth of the product by more than a factor of ten. The mechanism of changing the microgeometry of the surface is as follows: when aerosol droplets contact the surface, part of the material forming the protrusions dissolves and fills valleys, while in the liquid state; after finishing the work, the material polymerizes, generating a surface with improved features.

Fabrication of a 3D structure MnO2 electrode with high MnO2 mass loading as the cathode for high-performance aqueous zinc-ion batteries

Benefiting from the remarkable advantages (eco-friendly, cost-effective, and high safety) of rechargeable aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs), AZIBs are regarded as viable alternatives to traditional Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, in prevailing research, the excellent electrochemical performance usually achieved by ultra-low active material loadings (e.g., <1 mg/cm²), which is far from the active material mass loading of commercial electrodes in practical (≥10 mg/cm²). Balancing superior properties with high mass loading has posed a challenge. To surmount this, an innovative method combined ultrasonic processing, freeze-drying, and 3D printing technologies is used to engineer a high MnO2 mass loading cathode for AZIBs (3D cathode). Notably, the grid structure of 3D cathode substantially augmenting the surface area for redox reactions during charge/discharge processes, which greatly enhanced the pseudo-capacitance process of cathode. Additionally, the uniform and stable microstructure exhibited the dual capability of expediting ion/electron transfer and sustaining the structural integrity throughout charge/discharge cycles. Consequently, the 3D cathode demonstrated superior comprehensive electrochemical properties at the MnO2 high mass loading of 10 mg/cm2 (138.7 mAh/g at 1 A/g, 87.4 mAh/g after 500 cycles, 82 % energy efficiency) and 15 mg/cm2 (113.3 mAh/g at 1 A/g, 56.3 mAh/g after 400 cycles, 81 % energy efficiency).

Investigation of the equivalent circuit and performance of an ultrasonic transducer under a force load

In ultrasonic processing technology applications, the force load can cause a drift in the resonance frequency of the ultrasonic transducer and significantly reduce its mechanical quality factor. The traditional equivalent circuit of an ultrasonic transducer can only be used to calculate performance parameters without a force load but not with a force load. Based on Mason’s equivalent circuit, a new equivalent circuit for ultrasonic transducers under a force load is derived while considering the effects of the force load on the material parameters and various types of losses in piezoelectric ceramics. Furthermore, performance parameters are analyzed, such as the resonance frequency, effective electromechanical coupling coefficient, and mechanical quality factor. The ultrasonic transducer sample is produced and the experimental platform is constructed for applying force loads on the ultrasonic transducer. The theoretical model is verified by static loading on the ultrasonic transducer. The proposed equivalent circuit provides theoretical guidance for tracking the exact resonance frequency and performance parameters of force-loading ultrasonic transducers.

РАЗРАБОТКА УСТАНОВКИ ДЛЯ ИНАКТИВАЦИИ ЗЕРНА СОИ УЛЬТРАЗВУКОМ

The article considers the theory of the issue of designing an ultrasonic screw plant for processing soybean grain. The authors proposed a device based on a screw mechanism that allows the transportation of bulk cargo in the form of a liquid suspension, ultrasonic treatment, liquid withdrawal and extraction. Ultrasonic processing technology allows accelerating mass transfer processes of inactivation of anti-nutritional sub-stances that reduce the digestibility of protein of leguminous crops. The proposed design of the plant allows intensive processing of grain in the working area and squeezing the suspension to the required parameters. The case has a perforated partition for the first spin, a conical narrowing of the case for the second spin. The time of exposure to the processed suspension is set by changing the angle of the housing and the rotation fre-quency of the screw. In order to intensify the process of ultrasonic grain processing, part of the installation body is equipped with a cable heater that allows increasing the temperature to the required parameters. The installation body is fixed on two racks: fixed and adjustable, with which the angle of inclination of the instal-lation body is adjusted (from 150 to 450). The ultrasonic unit can also be used for washing and disinfection of grain, oilseeds or intensive humidification.

Experimental study of rotary ultrasonic high-quality hole processing of Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastic with a new diamond trepanning bit

Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastic is widely used in manufacturing and other fields because of its high specific strength and high specific modulus. Since the workpiece requires secondary hole processing during assembly, machining defects are prone to occur during hole making, which seriously affects the service life of the workpiece. A novel type of thin-walled diamond trepanning bit was fabricated and combined with ultrasonic processing technology to conduct a pilot study on hole processing. Compared with conventional twist drill hole processing, the novel diamond trepanning bit grinding hole-making method can significantly reduce the axial force when drilling, and effectively reduce the delamination and tearing damage at the exit of the hole, so that the delamination ratio at the exit is reduced by 9.6%. Combined with ultrasonic machining technology, hole machining experiments were carried out, and the results showed that: spindle speed increase or feed rate reduction can make axial force, hole wall surface roughness, and exit delamination damage all show a decreasing trend. Compared with conventional machining, the rotary ultrasonic hole machining technology can effectively reduce the axial force by 20.1% and effectively reduce the exit delamination problem by 7.3% in the delamination ratio. At the same time, considering the hole-making quality and efficiency, rotary ultrasonic processing can better reflect the advantages of the process and obtain better hole-making quality at the speed of 3000–4000 r/min and the feed rate of 14–20 mm/min. The above research can provide theoretical and technical support for the hole processing problems of Fiber Reinforced Plastic, which has important engineering application value.

Study on the formation mechanism of functional surface microstructure by ultrasonic vibration assisted laser processing

In this paper, a novel ultrasonic vibration-assisted laser surface processing technology is proposed for preparing microstructures on metal surfaces. Firstly, the formation mechanism of single laser spot on metal surface is analyzed, and the mathematical model of three-dimensional morphology of single crater is derived, the influence of ultrasonic vibration on the crater morphology is studied. Secondly, the influence of ultrasonic vibration on the position distribution of heat affected zone in single laser path is studied. After, the influence of ultrasonic vibration and laser scanning speed on the shape of the laser path is expressed by pushing the overlap rate between the heat affected zones. The calculation results show that the larger ultrasonic amplitude, the greater effect on the curve shape. Finally, the correctness of the calculation and simulation results is verified by experiments. It is observed that ultrasonic vibration can promote the discharge of the melt and provide a new method for changing the surface microstructures.

Ultrasonic surface rolling strengthening and its parameter optimization on bearing raceway

For the first time, the ultrasonic surface rolling processing (USRP) technology was applied to a real bearing raceway, and a finite element simulation model for USRP on a bearing raceway was established. Practical tests were conducted to evaluate the surface integrity of the bearing raceway before and after USRP treatment. The USRP parameters were optimized using Taguchi-gray correlation analysis. The results show that the optimal process parameters for the 7224 bearing raceway are: an amplitude of 10 μm, a static pressure of 2400 N, a spindle speed of 45 rad/min, and rolling times of 7. In the process of USRP, residual compressive stress results from inhomogeneous elastic and plastic deformation. Adjacent tempered martensitic laths merge and deflect at a certain angle along the rolling direction to form directional grain stacks, resulting in a flocculent plastic deformation layer. The USRP based on the finishing mechanism of “peak-cutting and valley-filling” can improve the surface micro-morphology, reduce roughness value Ra to approximately 0.16 μm, and effectively eliminate microscopic cracks caused by grinding. The micro-hardness of the bearing raceway surface increased from 760 HV to 840 HV under the dual action of surface grain refinement and work hardening effect.

Dual-frequency multi-angle ultrasonic processing technology and its real-time monitoring on physicochemical properties of raw soymilk and soybean protein

To improve the soybean protein content (SPC), flavor and quality of soymilk, the effects of dual-frequency ultrasound at different angles (40 + 20 kHz 0°, 40 + 20 kHz 30°, 40 + 20 kHz 45°) on physicochemical properties and soybean protein (SP) structure of raw soymilk were mainly studied and compared with the conventional single-frequency (40 kHz, 20 kHz) ultrasound. Furthermore, the intensity of the ultrasonic field in real-time was monitored via the oscilloscope and spectrum analyzer. The results showed that 40 + 20 kHz 45° treatment significantly increased SPC. The ultrasonic field intensity of 40 + 20 kHz 0° treatment was the largest (8.727 × 104 W/m2) and its distribution was the most uniform. The emulsifying stability of SP reached the peak value (233.80 min), and SP also had the largest particle size and excellent thermal stability. The protein solubility of 40 + 20 kHz 30° treatment attained peak value of 87.09%. 20 kHz treatment significantly affected the flavor of okara. The whiteness and brightness of raw soymilk treated with 40 kHz were the highest and the system was stable. Hence, the action mode of ultrasonic technology can be deeply explored and the feasibility for improving the quality of soymilk can be achieved.

Trial using of ultrasonic cavitation in cottonization processes of hemp fibers

The object of research: ultrasonic processing technology of textile materials.&#x0D; Investigated problem: increasing the degree of splitting of complex hemp fibers due to the effect of the mechanism of ultrasonic cavitation on them.&#x0D; The main scientific results: The article shows the potential of textile production to ensure the environmental friendliness of textile products, and the development and implementation of new eco-technologies of physical and mechanical cottonization of hemp fiber is important in this. Analysis of existing methods of cottonization and structural features of hemp fibers has led to the conclusion that the destruction of cellulose satellites in complex fiber can be considered as a process of purification from impurities, since the technologies for purification of substances in the aquatic environment by ultrasound now are widely used. Therefore the process of cottonization of hemp by technology of ultrasonic treatment was used in this investigation for the first time. The basic principle effect on the textile material what placed in the liquid are the hydroacoustic effects formed by the collapse of cavitation bubbles in the contact zone "liquid-material". Experimental studies of the geometric characteristics of the obtained hemp cottonine were carried out, and the effectiveness of the effect of ultrasonic vibrations on the change of the structure of hemp fiber was confirmed. Due to the removal of inlaid substances under the action of cavitation, the complex fibers of hemp were split, as a result of which the range of variation and the absolute value of their length and linear density were decreased.&#x0D; The scope of practical use of the research results: textile enterprises of deep processing of bast raw materials into technical and household yarns.&#x0D; Innovation technological product: technology of ultrasonic cottonization of hemp fibers.&#x0D; The scope of using the innovation technological product: manufacturing of textile hemp products for general use.

Effects of High-Intensity Ultrasound on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of 2195 Aluminum Ingots

The microstructural refinement of 2195 aluminum alloy ingots is particularly important for improving their industrial applications and mechanical properties. Combined with vacuum casting and inert gas protection, scalable high-strength ultrasonic melt processing (USMT) technology was used to manufacture 2195 aluminum alloy cylindrical ingots. Then, the influence of USMT on the main microstructural components (primary α-Al grains, secondary phase network, and precipitated particles) was studied. Our experiments show that the main microstructure of the ingot was improved after the introduction of ultrasound. Compared to the ingot formed without USMT, the size and morphology of the primary α-Al phase were optimized. The agglomeration of coarsening secondary phases can be alleviated, and the large layered secondary phase network becomes discontinuous throughout the ingot under USMT. At the same time, the mechanical properties of the solidified aluminum alloy ingots were also tested, and comparisons were made between samples formed with and without USMT. The results show that the stress concentration caused by the large area of coarse secondary phase in the ingot leads to the decrease of mechanical properties.

A novelly universal theory: Toward accurately evaluating radial vibration characteristics for radially sandwiched spherical piezoelectric transducer

With the development of ultrasonic technology, some ultrasonic processing technologies require a wide processing range. In this paper, a radially sandwiched spherical piezoelectric transducer is proposed and analyzed, which is composed of a spherical piezoelectric ceramic sandwiched by two concentric spherical metal shells. The electromechanical equivalent circuits of the spherically isotropic spherical shell and the spherical piezoelectric ceramic with arbitrary wall thickness are derived from their motion equations. According to the mechanical boundary conditions, the electromechanical equivalent circuits and frequency equation of various piezoelectric composite vibration systems can be obtained, including the radially sandwiched spherical piezoelectric transducer. The correctness of the proposed theory is verified via comparison with the finite element method and the previous theoretical model. In addition, the 2nd-order effective mechanical coupling coefficient for the radially sandwiched spherical piezoelectric transducer is higher than that of 1st-order within a specific range of wall thickness, which can be designed as the high-frequency transducer. The radially sandwiched spherical piezoelectric transducer is expected to be used in underwater sound, structural health monitoring, and high-frequency ultrasound.

Effects of ultrasonic waves, microwaves, and thermal stress treatment on the germination of Tartary buckwheat seeds

AbstractThe effects of ultrasonic waves, microwaves, thermal stress, thermal stress combined with ultrasonic waves and thermal stress combined with microwaves on the germination of Tartary buckwheat seeds from Ningxia and Sichuan were compared. On the seventh d of germination, the highest germination rate of Tartary buckwheat from Ningxia treated with ultrasonic waves was 87.33%, which was 4.66% higher than that of the control (p &lt; .05). The highest germination rate of the microwaves treatment of Tartary buckwheat from Sichuan was 86.67%, which was 4.67% (p &lt; .05) higher than that of the control. The ultrasonic waves and microwaves treatments increased the content of flavonoids and reducing sugars and enhanced the DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities. In addition, the ultrasonic waves and microwaves treatments had positive effects on the activities of catalase and phenylalanine ammonia lyase.Practical ApplicationsTartary buckwheat is highly valued as food and for its nutritional and health benefits. The germination of Tartary buckwheat seeds can improve its food quality and nutritional value. Germinated buckwheat has higher contents of phenolics and flavonoids. Two such high‐speed, high efficiency and low energy consumption of heating methods, microwaves and ultrasonic waves processing technologies, are highly significant for the seed germination. In this study, two types of Tartary buckwheat seeds were treated with ultrasonic waves, microwaves, and thermal stress. In addition, the present study reflected the relationship between the germination characteristics and various physiological and biochemical indices. We found that these results are important for the seed germination of Tartary buckwheat and provide the best means of expanding the use of Tartary buckwheat and related products.

Nanograined copper foil as a high-performance collector for lithium-ion batteries

Abstract The surface of a coarse-grained (CG) copper (Cu) plate was treated using ultrasonic surface rolling processing (USRP) technology to obtain a special Cu foil with a nanograined (NG) surface and a grain size of approximately 70 nm. The obtained NG Cu foil had a rougher surface and a larger specific surface area than the original foil. As a result, the NG Cu foil displayed a higher bonding strength with graphite particles, stronger corrosion resistance to electrolytes and superior lithium storage performance than the pristine copper foil. The initial charging capacity of the NG Cu-graphite electrode (340 mAh g−1) was much higher than that of the CG Cu-graphite electrode. After 100 cycles, the capacity remained at 300 mAh g−1, corresponding to a capacity retention of 88.2% for the NG Cu-graphite electrode. These values were also much higher than those of the CG Cu-graphite electrode (which exhibited a capacity of 200 mAh g−1 and a capacity retention of 86.9%). The USRP of the Cu foil surface considerably improved the capacity, cycling and rate performance of the Cu-graphite electrode for lithium-ion batteries. These novel results can be used to develop large-capacity and long-life electrode collector materials for lithium-ion batteries.

Ultrasonic cavitation and acoustic streaming effects during liquid phase separation and dynamic solidification of ternary Al–Sn–Si immiscible alloy

Ultrasonic melt treatment is an environmentally friendly and no-polluting external field technology and has great application potential in materials fabrication. Power ultrasound with different intensities was introduced into the liquid phase separation and solidification process of ternary Al-45%Sn-5%Si immiscible alloy to explore the effects of ultrasound on the formation of macro- and microstructure. It was found that the previously apparent macrosegregation caused by the large density difference between immiscible liquid (Al) and (Sn) phases was gradually reduced and even suppressed with the increase of ultrasonic amplitude. Meanwhile, the ultrasonic waves also significantly modified monotectic structures, within which (Al) phase transformed from coarse dendrites to refined equiaxed grains, and (Si) phase evolved from long strips to small blocks. The introduction of ultrasound weakened the texture of solidified structure, whereas the growth orientation relationship between monotectic (Al) and (Si) phases remained unchanged. The theoretical analysis and calculation results indicated that ultrasonic cavitation and acoustic streaming were the dominant effects to modulate the macro- and microstructural evolution. This would improve the exploiting and utilization of immiscible alloys by ultrasonic processing technology.

Finite element analysis of ultrasonic assisted milling of SiCp/Al composites

SiCp/Al composites have a poor machinability due to the inclusion of the SiC hard particles. Ultrasonic vibration-assisted processing technology has great advantages in processing hard and brittle materials; however, the process of rupture of particles cannot be effectively observed during the test processing, and a large number of tests increase the cost of the test. Using ABAQUS finite element software, a two-dimensional simulation model of single particle, multi-particle, and homogeneous materials was established to investigate the particle rupture process and the temperature variation during the processing of high volume SiCp/Al composites under different processing parameters. The results show that the application of ultrasound improved the particle rupture effect. Furthermore, an appropriate ultrasonic amplitude inhibited the particle breakage and slowed the crack growth. A smoother particle breaking phenomena was observed with the application of a higher frequency. The temperature of ultrasonic assisted milling was found to be lower than that of traditional milling. The conclusions of the milling test were basically consistent with the simulation results, which prove the correctness and feasibility of the simulation results.

Research on removing reservoir core water sensitivity using the method of ultrasound-chemical agent for enhanced oil recovery

The phenomenon of water sensitivity often occurs in the oil reservoir core during the process of crude oil production, which seriously affects the efficiency of oil extraction. In recent years, near-well ultrasonic processing technology attaches more attention due to its safety and energy efficient. In this paper, the comparison of removing core water sensitivity by ultrasonic wave, chemical injection and ultrasound-chemical combination technique are investigated through experiments. Results show that: lower ultrasonic frequency and higher power can improve the efficiency of core water sensitivity removal; the effects of removing core water sensitivity under ultrasonic treatment get better with increase of core initial permeability; the effect of removing core water sensitivity using ultrasonic treatment won’t get better over time. Ultrasonic treatment time should be controlled in a reasonable range; the effect of removing core water sensitivity using chemical agent alone is slightly better than that using ultrasonic treatment, however, chemical injection could be replaced by ultrasonic treatment for removing core water sensitivity from the viewpoint of oil reservoir protection and the sustainable development of oil field; ultrasound-chemical combination technique has the best effect for water sensitivity removal than using ultrasonic treatment or chemical injection alone.

Modification of insoluble dietary fiber from garlic straw with ultrasonic treatment

The aim of this study was to investigate modification of insoluble dietary fiber (IDF) from garlic straw with ultrasonic processing technology. The functional, physicochemical, and structural properties were evaluated. Based on the uniform design (UD) method, initial temperature of 45 °C, ultrasonic power of 535 W, and time of 41 min were considered as the optimum ultrasonic conditions for preparation of IDF with good in vitro hypolipidemic ability. Ultrasonic-treated IDF exhibited better functional and physicochemical properties than untreated IDF with significant difference (p < .05). Structural analysis from scanning electron microscope and Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy indicated that ultrasonic treatment destroyed the microstructures of IDF from garlic straw, resulted in the honey-comb network structure and increased hydrophilic groups, which illustrated the good functional and physicochemical properties. Practical applications With the trend toward increased consumption of garlic bulb, millions of tons of straw are generally discarded every year. The productive use of such by-products as garlic straw could offer substantial economic benefits. In this work, ultrasonic technology was chosen for the modification of insoluble dietary fiber (IDF) from garlic straw. Uniform design technique helped us to get the optimum ultrasonic conditions for preparation of IDF with good in vitro hypolipidemic ability. The functional and physicochemical properties of garlic IDF were significantly influenced by ultrasonic pretreatment. The positive effect of ultrasound and application of the statistical model may be useful for functional modification and utilization of dietary fiber from garlic straw.

The development of recent high-power ultrasonic transducers for Near-well ultrasonic processing technology

With the reduction of crude oil throughout the world, enhance oil recovery technology has become a major oil research topics, which can greatly increase the recovery ratio of the crude oil before the dawning of renewable energy era. Near-well ultrasonic processing technology, as one new method, has attracted more attention for Enhanced Oil Recovery due to its low cost, good applicability and no environmental pollution in recent rears. There are two important relevant aspects about Near-well ultrasonic processing technology: (a) how to enhance the oil flow through the rocks into the pumping pool and (b) how to reduce the oil viscosity so that it can be easier to pump. Therefore, how to design a high-power ultrasonic equipment with excellent performance is crucial for Near-well ultrasonic processing technology. In this paper, recent new high-power ultrasonic transducers for Near-well ultrasonic processing technology are summarized. Each field application of them are also given. The purpose of this paper is to provide reference for the further development of Near-well ultrasonic processing technology.With the reduction of crude oil throughout the world, enhance oil recovery technology has become a major oil research topics, which can greatly increase the recovery ratio of the crude oil before the dawning of renewable energy era. Near-well ultrasonic processing technology, as one new method, has attracted more attention for Enhanced Oil Recovery due to its low cost, good applicability and no environmental pollution in recent rears. There are two important relevant aspects about Near-well ultrasonic processing technology: (a) how to enhance the oil flow through the rocks into the pumping pool and (b) how to reduce the oil viscosity so that it can be easier to pump. Therefore, how to design a high-power ultrasonic equipment with excellent performance is crucial for Near-well ultrasonic processing technology. In this paper, recent new high-power ultrasonic transducers for Near-well ultrasonic processing technology are summarized. Each field application of them are also given. The purpose of this paper is to provide reference for the further development of Near-well ultrasonic processing technology

Research on ultrasonic excitation for the removal of drilling fluid plug, paraffin deposition plug, polymer plug and inorganic scale plug for near-well ultrasonic processing technology

Near-well ultrasonic processing technology attracts more attention due to its simple operation, high adaptability, low cost and no pollution to the formation. Although this technology has been investigated in detail through laboratory experiments and field tests, systematic and intensive researches are absent for certain major aspects, such as whether ultrasonic excitation is better than chemical agent for any plugs removal; whether ultrasound-chemical combination plug removal technology has the best plugs removal effect. In this paper, the comparison of removing drilling fluid plug, paraffin deposition plug, polymer plug and inorganic scale plug using ultrasonic excitation, chemical agent and ultrasound-chemical combination plug removal technology is investigated. Results show that the initial core permeability and ultrasonic frequency play a significant role in plug removal. Ultrasonic excitation and chemical agent have different impact on different plugs. The comparison results show that the effect of removing any plugs using ultrasound-chemicals composite plug removal technology is obviously better than that using ultrasonic excitation or chemical agent alone. Such conclusion proves that ultrasonic excitation and chemical agent can cause synergetic effects.

Analysis methods of determining velocity distribution waves in the cavitation zone ultrasound field

The main parameters of cavitation processing technology environments is the speed of sound in a cavitation medium pressure, the duration, size: cavitation region, bubbles and core. The most successful use of ultrasound associated with handling liquid media, because in them the phenomenon of ultrasonic cavitation, which is an effective mechanism for concentration of energy of sound waves in the low-density high energy density, which is caused by pulsations and cavitation bubbles popping. An important component in ensuring an effective process of cavitation treatment process fluids is to calculate the ultrasonic technological devices that hold for precavitational mode with the following specification obtained by previous studies. However, reliable results associated with the methods of measuring the velocity of ultrasonic waves in a developed cavitation because it is a part of almost all the defining parameters of ultrasonic cavitation processing technology environments. Measuring the velocity of ultrasonic waves carried pulse, optical, amplitude-phase methods. Pulse methods have a wider dynamic range, measurement accuracy independent of the distance between the transmitter and the object opportunity emitter distance from the subject a considerable distance. Amplitude-phase methods require extended frequency band transceiver emitting element and amplifier path that reduces security and selectivity. Frequency and phase methods have the narrow bandwidth receiving radiating path that provides good value energy radiated and received signals, high noise immunity. Is an effective method for determining the rate for power characteristics, the essence of which is to determine the energy flux density and energy density relative to the ultrasound field. It has been found that the accuracy of measuring the speed of sound depends on whether it should receive the absolute value or relative value can restrict the speed of sound when changing any external parameters. Absolute measurement accuracy is about 10-5, while the relative change as accuracy is much higher, it reaches the order of 10-7. The choice of measurement due to the conditions of the experiment. The essential difference in the numerical values of the speed, complicates the acceptance of an opinion on the actual numerical value of speed and requires more informed research in determining the accepted assumptions and preconditions in the formulation and conduct research.